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Zakiniaeiz Y, Hoye J, Ryan Petrulli J, LeVasseur B, Stanley G, Gao H, Najafzadeh S, Ropchan J, Nabulsi N, Huang Y, Chen MK, Matuskey D, Barron DS, Kelmendi B, Fulbright RK, Hampson M, Cosgrove KP, Morris ED. Systemic inflammation enhances stimulant-induced striatal dopamine elevation in tobacco smokers. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 106:262-269. [PMID: 36058419 PMCID: PMC10097458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-brain interactions influence the pathophysiology of addiction. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation produces effects on reward-related brain regions and the dopamine system. We previously showed that LPS amplifies dopamine elevation induced by methylphenidate (MP), compared to placebo (PBO), in eight healthy controls. However, the effects of LPS on the dopamine system of tobacco smokers have not been explored. The goal of Study 1 was to replicate previous findings in an independent cohort of tobacco smokers. The goal of Study 2 was to combine tobacco smokers with the aforementioned eight healthy controls to examine the effect of LPS on dopamine elevation in a heterogenous sample for power and effect size determination. Eight smokers were each scanned with [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography three times-at baseline, after administration of LPS (0.8 ng/kg, intravenously) and MP (40 mg, orally), and after administration of PBO and MP, in a double-blind, randomized order. Dopamine elevation was quantified as change in [11C]raclopride binding potential (ΔBPND) from baseline. A repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to compare LPS and PBO conditions. Smokers and healthy controls were well-matched for demographics, drug dosing, and scanning parameters. In Study 1, MP-induced striatal dopamine elevation was significantly higher following LPS than PBO (p = 0.025, 18 ± 2.9 % vs 13 ± 2.7 %) for smokers. In Study 2, MP-induced striatal dopamine elevation was also significantly higher under LPS than under PBO (p < 0.001, 18 ± 1.6 % vs 11 ± 1.5 %) in the combined sample. Smoking status did not interact with the effect of condition. This is the first study to translate the phenomenon of amplified dopamine elevation after experimental activation of the immune system to an addicted sample which may have implications for drug reinforcement, seeking, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jocelyn Hoye
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph Ryan Petrulli
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Gelsina Stanley
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hong Gao
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Soheila Najafzadeh
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ming-Kai Chen
- Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel S Barron
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Kelmendi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert K Fulbright
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michelle Hampson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Hoye J, Toyonaga T, Zakiniaeiz Y, Stanley G, Hampson M, Morris ED. Harmonization of [ 11C]raclopride brain PET images from the HR+ and HRRT: method development and validation in human subjects. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:27. [PMID: 35416555 PMCID: PMC9008103 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an ongoing need to compare and combine the results of new PET imaging studies conducted with [11C]raclopride with older data. This typically means harmonizing data across different scanners. Previous harmonization studies have utilized either phantoms or human subjects, but the use of both phantoms and humans in one harmonization study is not common. The purpose herein was (1) to use phantom images to develop an inter-scanner harmonization technique and (2) to test the harmonization technique in human subjects. METHODS To develop the harmonization technique (Experiment 1), the Iida brain phantom was filled with F-18 solution and scanned on the two scanners in question (HRRT, HR+, Siemens/CTI). Phantom images were used to determine the optimal isotropic Gaussian filter to harmonize HRRT and HR+ images. To evaluate the harmonization on human images (Experiment 2), inter-scanner variability was calculated using [11C]raclopride scans of 3 human subjects on both the HRRT and HR+ using percent difference (PD) in striatal non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) between HR+ and HRRT (with and without Gaussian smoothing). Finally, (Experiment 3), PDT/RT was calculated for test-retest (T/RT) variability of striatal BPND for 8 human subjects scanned twice on the HR+. RESULTS Experiment 1 identified the optimal filter as a Gaussian with a 4.5 mm FWHM. Experiment 2 resulted in 13.9% PD for unfiltered HRRT and 3.71% for HRRT filtered with 4.5 mm. Experiment 3 yielded 5.24% PDT/RT for HR+. CONCLUSIONS The PD results show that the variability of harmonized HRRT is less than the T/RT variability of the HR+. The harmonization technique makes it possible for BPND estimates from the HRRT to be compared to (and/or combined with) those from the HR+ without adding to overall variability. Our approach is applicable to all pairs of scanners still in service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Hoye
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Yasmin Zakiniaeiz
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Gelsina Stanley
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Michelle Hampson
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Evan D. Morris
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Yale Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
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Manninen S, Karjalainen T, Tuominen LJ, Hietala J, Kaasinen V, Joutsa J, Rinne J, Nummenmaa L. Cerebral grey matter density is associated with neuroreceptor and neurotransporter availability: A combined PET and MRI study. Neuroimage 2021; 235:117968. [PMID: 33785434 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for in vivo measurement of specific neuroreceptors and transporters using radioligands, while voxel-based morphometric analysis of magnetic resonance images allows automated estimation of local grey matter densities. However, it is not known how regional neuroreceptor or transporter densities are reflected in grey matter densities. Here, we analyzed brain scans retrospectively from 328 subjects and compared grey matter density estimates with neuroreceptor and transporter availabilities. µ-opioid receptors (MORs) were measured with [11C]carfentanil (162 scans), dopamine D2 receptors with [11C]raclopride (92 scans) and serotonin transporters (SERT) with [11C]MADAM (74 scans). The PET data were modelled with simplified reference tissue model. Voxel-wise correlations between binding potential and grey matter density images were computed. Regional binding of all the used radiotracers was associated with grey matter density in region and ligand-specific manner independently of subjects' age or sex. These data show that grey matter density and MOR and D2R neuroreceptor / SERT availability are correlated, with effect sizes (r2) ranging from 0.04 to 0.69. This suggests that future studies comparing PET outcome measure different groups (such as patients and controls) should also analyze interactive effects of grey matter density and PET outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Manninen
- Turku Pet Centre and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Lauri J Tuominen
- Turku Pet Centre and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Rinne
- Turku Pet Centre and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku Pet Centre and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland
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Anton-Rodriguez JM, Julyan P, Djoukhadar I, Russell D, Evans DG, Jackson A, Matthews JC. Comparison of a Standard Resolution PET-CT Scanner With an HRRT Brain Scanner for Imaging Small Tumors Within the Head. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2914909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Golla SSV, Adriaanse SM, Yaqub M, Windhorst AD, Lammertsma AA, van Berckel BNM, Boellaard R. Model selection criteria for dynamic brain PET studies. EJNMMI Phys 2017; 4:30. [PMID: 29209862 PMCID: PMC5716967 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-017-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several criteria exist to identify the optimal model for quantification of tracer kinetics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correspondence in kinetic model preference identification for brain PET studies among five model selection criteria: Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), AIC unbiased (AICC), model selection criterion (MSC), Schwartz Criterion (SC), and F-test. Materials and Methods Six tracers were evaluated: [11C]FMZ, [11C]GMOM, [11C]PK11195, [11C]Raclopride, [18F]FDG, and [11C]PHT, including data from five subjects per tracer. Time activity curves (TACs) were analysed using six plasma input models: reversible single-tissue model (1T2k), irreversible two-tissue model (2T3k), and reversible two-tissue model (2T4k), all with and without blood volume fraction parameter (VB). For each tracer and criterion, the percentage of TACs preferring a certain model was calculated. Results For all radiotracers, strong agreement was seen across the model selection criteria. The F-test was considered as the reference, as it is a frequently used hypothesis test. The F-test confirmed the AIC preferred model in 87% of all cases. The strongest (but minimal) disagreement across regional TACs was found when comparing AIC with AICC. Despite these regional discrepancies, same preferred kinetic model was obtained using all criteria, with an exception of one FMZ subject. Conclusion In conclusion, all five model selection criteria resulted in similar conclusions with only minor differences that did not affect overall model selection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40658-017-0197-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep S V Golla
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, P.O. 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sofie M Adriaanse
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, P.O. 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maqsood Yaqub
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, P.O. 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, P.O. 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, P.O. 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, P.O. 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, P.O. 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Lassen ML, Muzik O, Beyer T, Hacker M, Ladefoged CN, Cal-González J, Wadsak W, Rausch I, Langer O, Bauer M. Reproducibility of Quantitative Brain Imaging Using a PET-Only and a Combined PET/MR System. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:396. [PMID: 28769742 PMCID: PMC5511842 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of migrating a quantitative brain imaging protocol from a positron emission tomography (PET)-only system to an integrated PET/MR system. Potential differences in both absolute radiotracer concentration as well as in the derived kinetic parameters as a function of PET system choice have been investigated. Five healthy volunteers underwent dynamic (R)-[11C]verapamil imaging on the same day using a GE-Advance (PET-only) and a Siemens Biograph mMR system (PET/MR). PET-emission data were reconstructed using a transmission-based attenuation correction (AC) map (PET-only), whereas a standard MR-DIXON as well as a low-dose CT AC map was applied to PET/MR emission data. Kinetic modeling based on arterial blood sampling was performed using a 1-tissue-2-rate constant compartment model, yielding kinetic parameters (K1 and k2) and distribution volume (V T ). Differences for parametric values obtained in the PET-only and the PET/MR systems were analyzed using a 2-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Comparison of DIXON-based AC (PET/MR) with emission data derived from the PET-only system revealed average inter-system differences of -33 ± 14% (p < 0.05) for the K1 parameter and -19 ± 9% (p < 0.05) for k2. Using a CT-based AC for PET/MR resulted in slightly lower systematic differences of -16 ± 18% for K1 and -9 ± 10% for k2. The average differences in V T were -18 ± 10% (p < 0.05) for DIXON- and -8 ± 13% for CT-based AC. Significant systematic differences were observed for kinetic parameters derived from emission data obtained from PET/MR and PET-only imaging due to different standard AC methods employed. Therefore, a transfer of imaging protocols from PET-only to PET/MR systems is not straightforward without application of proper correction methods. Clinical Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu, identifier 2013-001724-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Lassen
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Otto Muzik
- Department of Radiology, Detroit Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, MI, United States
| | - Thomas Beyer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Claes Nøhr Ladefoged
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PETRigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacobo Cal-González
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria.,CBmed GmbH, Center for Biomarker Research in MedicineGraz, Austria
| | - Ivo Rausch
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria.,Department for Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria.,Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbHSeibersdorf, Austria
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department for Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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Golla SSV, Lubberink M, van Berckel BNM, Lammertsma AA, Boellaard R. Partial volume correction of brain PET studies using iterative deconvolution in combination with HYPR denoising. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:36. [PMID: 28432674 PMCID: PMC5400775 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate quantification of PET studies depends on the spatial resolution of the PET data. The commonly limited PET resolution results in partial volume effects (PVE). Iterative deconvolution methods (IDM) have been proposed as a means to correct for PVE. IDM improves spatial resolution of PET studies without the need for structural information (e.g. MR scans). On the other hand, deconvolution also increases noise, which results in lower signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The aim of this study was to implement IDM in combination with HighlY constrained back-PRojection (HYPR) denoising to mitigate poor SNR properties of conventional IDM. Methods An anthropomorphic Hoffman brain phantom was filled with an [18F]FDG solution of ~25 kBq mL−1 and scanned for 30 min on a Philips Ingenuity TF PET/CT scanner (Philips, Cleveland, USA) using a dynamic brain protocol with various frame durations ranging from 10 to 300 s. Van Cittert IDM was used for PVC of the scans. In addition, HYPR was used to improve SNR of the dynamic PET images, applying it both before and/or after IDM. The Hoffman phantom dataset was used to optimise IDM parameters (number of iterations, type of algorithm, with/without HYPR) and the order of HYPR implementation based on the best average agreement of measured and actual activity concentrations in the regions. Next, dynamic [11C]flumazenil (five healthy subjects) and [11C]PIB (four healthy subjects and four patients with Alzheimer’s disease) scans were used to assess the impact of IDM with and without HYPR on plasma input-derived distribution volumes (VT) across various regions of the brain. Results In the case of [11C]flumazenil scans, Hypr-IDM-Hypr showed an increase of 5 to 20% in the regional VT whereas a 0 to 10% increase or decrease was seen in the case of [11C]PIB depending on the volume of interest or type of subject (healthy or patient). References for these comparisons were the VTs from the PVE-uncorrected scans. Conclusions IDM improved quantitative accuracy of measured activity concentrations. Moreover, the use of IDM in combination with HYPR (Hypr-IDM-Hypr) was able to correct for PVE without increasing noise. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-017-0284-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep S V Golla
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Mansor S, Boellaard R, Huisman MC, van Berckel BNM, Schuit RC, Windhorst AD, Lammertsma AA, van Velden FHP. Impact of New Scatter Correction Strategies on High-Resolution Research Tomograph Brain PET Studies. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:627-35. [PMID: 26728160 PMCID: PMC4927607 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of different scatter correction strategies on quantification of high-resolution research tomograph (HRRT) data for three tracers covering a wide range in kinetic profiles. PROCEDURES Healthy subjects received dynamic HRRT scans using either (R)-[(11)C]verapamil (n = 5), [(11)C]raclopride (n = 5) or [(11)C]flumazenil (n = 5). To reduce the effects of patient motion on scatter scaling factors, a margin in the attenuation correction factor (ACF) sinogram was applied prior to 2D or 3D single scatter simulation (SSS). RESULTS Some (R)-[(11)C]verapamil studies showed prominent artefacts that disappeared with an ACF-margin of 10 mm or more. Use of 3D SSS for (R)-[(11)C]verapamil showed a statistically significant increase in volume of distribution compared with 2D SSS (p < 0.05), but not for [(11)C]raclopride and [(11)C]flumazenil studies (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS When there is a patient motion-induced mismatch between transmission and emission scans, applying an ACF-margin resulted in more reliable scatter scaling factors but did not change (and/or deteriorate) quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syahir Mansor
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc C Huisman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart N M van Berckel
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuit
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris H P van Velden
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is generally considered to be a quantitative imaging modality, allowing assessment of regional differences in radiotracer accumulation and the derivation of quantitative physiological information. Due to the increasing complexity of PET technology, the quantitative accuracy of PET images has to be continually reassessed if PET is to maintain its quantitative reputation. In this commentary, we discuss the results from a recent inter-scanner study in which the quantitative outcome measures from human studies were compared for three different radiotracers. The approach is a useful complement to standard phantom tests such as those prescribed by NEMA, but the resulting data are more difficult to interpret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Walker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada,
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10
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Morse BL, Cai H, MacGuire JG, Fox M, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Gu X, Shen H, Dierks EA, Su H, Luk CE, Marathe P, Shu YZ, Humphreys WG, Lai Y. Rosuvastatin Liver Partitioning in Cynomolgus Monkeys: Measurement In Vivo and Prediction Using In Vitro Monkey Hepatocyte Uptake. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1788-94. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Rahman O, Takano A, Amini N, Dahl K, Kanegawa N, Långström B, Farde L, Halldin C. Synthesis of ([(11)C]carbonyl)raclopride and a comparison with ([(11)C]methyl)raclopride in a monkey PET study. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 42:893-8. [PMID: 26272268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist raclopride is usually labeled with carbon-11 using [(11)C]methyl iodide or [(11)C]methyl triflate for use in the quantification of dopamine D2 receptors in human brain. The aim of this work was to label raclopride at the carbonyl position using [(11)C]carbon monoxide chemistry and to compare ([(11)C]carbonyl)raclopride with ([(11)C]methyl)raclopride in non-human primate (NHP) using PET with regard to quantitative outcome measurement, metabolism of the labeled tracers and protein binding. METHODS Palladium-mediated carbonylation using [(11)C]carbon monoxide, 4,6-dichloro-2-iodo-3-methoxyphenol and (S)-(-)-2-aminomethyl-1-ethylpyrrolidine was applied in the synthesis of ([(11)C]carbonyl)raclopride. The reaction was performed at atmospheric pressure using xantphos as supporting phosphine ligand and palladium (π-cinnamyl) chloride dimer as the palladium source. ([(11)C]Methyl)raclopride was prepared by a previously published method. In the PET study, two female cynomolgus monkeys were used under gas anesthesia of sevoflurane. A dynamic PET measurement was performed for 63 min with an HRRT PET camera after intravenous injection of ([(11)C]carbonyl)raclopride and ([(11)C]methyl)raclopride, respectively, during the same day. The order of injection of the two PET radioligands was changed between the two monkeys. The venous blood sample for measurement of protein binding was taken 3 min prior to the PET scan. Binding potential (BPND) of the putamen and caudate was calculated with SRTM using the cerebellum as a reference region. RESULTS The target compound ([(11)C]carbonyl)raclopride was obtained with 50 ± 5% decay corrected radiochemical yield and 95% radiochemical purity. The trapping efficiency (TE) of [(11)C]carbon monoxide was 65 ± 5% and the specific radioactivity of the final product was 34 ± 1 GBq/μmol after a 50 min of synthesis time. The radiochemical yield of ([(11)C]methyl)raclopride was in the same range as published previously i. e. 50-60% and specific radioactivity of those two batches which were used in the present PET study were 192 GBq/μmol and 638 GBq/μmol respectively after a synthesis time of 32 min. In monkey PET studies, the percentage difference of BPND in putamen was <3% and that in caudate was <9% for the two radioligands. The plasma protein binding was 86.2 ± 0.3% and 85.7 ± 0.6% for ([(11)C]carbonyl)raclopride and ([(11)C]methyl)raclopride, respectively. The radiometabolite pattern was similar for both radioligands. CONCLUSION Raclopride was (11)C-labeled at the carbonyl position using a palladium-mediated [(11)C]carbonylation reaction. A comparison between ([(11)C]carbonyl)raclopride and ([(11)C]methyl)raclopride with regard to quantitative PET outcome measurements, metabolism of radioligands and protein binding in monkey was performed. The monkey PET study with ([(11)C]carbonyl)raclopride showed similar results as for ([(11)C]methyl)raclopride. The PET studies were performed on 2 subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obaidur Rahman
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska University Hospital, R5:U1, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Bencar AB, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 34B, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Akihiro Takano
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska University Hospital, R5:U1, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahid Amini
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska University Hospital, R5:U1, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Dahl
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska University Hospital, R5:U1, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naoki Kanegawa
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska University Hospital, R5:U1, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Långström
- Bencar AB, Dag Hammarskjöldsväg 34B, 75183 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska University Hospital, R5:U1, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska University Hospital, R5:U1, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 75237 Uppsala, Sweden
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