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Mannheim JG, Rausch I, Conti M, la Fougère C, Schmidt FP. Characterization of the partial volume effect along the axial field-of-view of the Biograph Vision Quadra total-body PET/CT system for multiple isotopes. EJNMMI Phys 2023; 10:33. [PMID: 37243869 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-023-00554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total-body PET scanners with axial field of views (FOVs) longer than 1 m enable new applications to study multiple organs (e.g., the brain-gut-axis) simultaneously. As the spatial resolution and the associated partial volume effect (PVE) can vary significantly along the FOV, detailed knowledge of the contrast recovery coefficients (CRCs) is a prerequisite for image analysis and interpretation of quantitative results. The aim of this study was to determine the CRCs, as well as voxel noise, for multiple isotopes throughout the 1.06 m axial FOV of the Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT system (Siemens Healthineers). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cylindrical phantoms equipped with three different sphere sizes (inner diameters 7.86 mm, 28 and 37 mm) were utilized for the PVE evaluation. The 7.86 mm sphere was filled with F-18 (8:1 and 4:1), Ga-68 (8:1) and Zr-89 (8:1). The 28 mm and 37 mm spheres were filled with F-18 (8:1). Background concentration in the respective phantoms was of ~ 3 kBq/ml. The phantoms were measured at multiple positions in the FOV (axial: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm, transaxial: 0, 10, 20 cm). The data were reconstructed with the standard clinical protocol, including PSF correction and TOF information with up to 10 iterations for maximum ring differences (MRDs) of 85 and 322; CRCs, as well as voxel noise levels, were determined for each position. RESULTS F-18 CRCs (SBR 8:1 and 4:1) of the 7.86 mm sphere decreased up to 18% from the center FOV (cFOV) toward the transaxial edge and increased up to 17% toward the axial edge. Noise levels were below 15% for the default clinical reconstruction parameters. The larger spheres exhibited a similar pattern. Zr-89 revealed ~ 10% lower CRCs than F-18 but larger noise (9.1% (F-18), 19.1% (Zr-89); iteration 4, cFOV) for the default reconstruction. Zr-89 noise levels in the cFOV significantly decreased (~ 28%) when reconstructing the data with MRD322 compared with MRD85 along with a slight decrease in CRC values. Ga-68 exhibited the lowest CRCs for the three isotopes and noise characteristics comparable to those of F-18. CONCLUSIONS Distinct differences in the PVE within the FOV were detected for clinically relevant isotopes F-18, Ga-68 and Zr-89, as well as for different sphere sizes. Depending on the positions inside the FOV, the sphere-to-background ratios, count statistics and isotope used, this can result in an up to 50% difference between CRCs. Hence, these changes in PVE can significantly affect the quantitative analysis of patient data. MRD322 resulted in slightly lower CRC values, especially in the center FOV, whereas the voxel noise significantly decreased compared with MRD85.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Mannheim
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Ivo Rausch
- QIMP Team, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maurizio Conti
- Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fabian P Schmidt
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging technology employed to describe metabolic, physiological, and biochemical processes in vivo. These include receptor availability, metabolic changes, neurotransmitter release, and alterations of gene expression in the brain. Since the introduction of dedicated small-animal PET systems along with the development of many novel PET imaging probes, the number of PET studies using rats and mice in basic biomedical research tremendously increased over the last decade. This article reviews challenges and advances of quantitative rodent brain imaging to make the readers aware of its physical limitations, as well as to inspire them for its potential applications in preclinical research. In the first section, we briefly discuss the limitations of small-animal PET systems in terms of spatial resolution and sensitivity and point to possible improvements in detector development. In addition, different acquisition and post-processing methods used in rodent PET studies are summarized. We further discuss factors influencing the test-retest variability in small-animal PET studies, e.g., different receptor quantification methodologies which have been mainly translated from human to rodent receptor studies to determine the binding potential and changes of receptor availability and radioligand affinity. We further review different kinetic modeling approaches to obtain quantitative binding data in rodents and PET studies focusing on the quantification of endogenous neurotransmitter release using pharmacological interventions. While several studies have focused on the dopamine system due to the availability of several PET tracers which are sensitive to dopamine release, other neurotransmitter systems have become more and more into focus and are described in this review, as well. We further provide an overview of latest genome engineering technologies, including the CRISPR/Cas9 and DREADD systems that may advance our understanding of brain disorders and function and how imaging has been successfully applied to animal models of human brain disorders. Finally, we review the strengths and opportunities of simultaneous PET/magnetic resonance imaging systems to study drug-receptor interactions and challenges for the translation of PET results from bench to bedside.
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Teuho J, Riehakainen L, Honkaniemi A, Moisio O, Han C, Tirri M, Liu S, Grönroos TJ, Liu J, Wan L, Liang X, Ling Y, Hua Y, Roivainen A, Knuuti J, Xie Q, Teräs M, D'Ascenzo N, Klén R. Evaluation of image quality with four positron emitters and three preclinical PET/CT systems. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:155. [PMID: 33301074 PMCID: PMC7728905 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the image quality of 11C, 68Ga, 18F and 89Zr, which have different positron fractions, physical half-lifes and positron ranges. Three small animal positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) systems were used in the evaluation, including the Siemens Inveon, RAYCAN X5 and Molecubes β-cube. The evaluation was performed on a single scanner level using the national electrical manufacturers association (NEMA) image quality phantom and analysis protocol. Acquisitions were performed with the standard NEMA protocol for 18F and using a radionuclide-specific acquisition time for 11C, 68Ga and 89Zr. Images were assessed using percent recovery coefficient (%RC), percentage standard deviation (%STD), image uniformity (%SD), spill-over ratio (SOR) and evaluation of image quantification.
Results 68Ga had the lowest %RC (< 62%) across all systems. 18F had the highest maximum %RC (> 85%) and lowest %STD for the 5 mm rod across all systems. For 11C and 89Zr, the maximum %RC was close (> 76%) to the %RC with 18F. A larger SOR were measured in water with 11C and 68Ga compared to 18F on all systems. SOR in air reflected image reconstruction and data correction performance. Large variation in image quantification was observed, with maximal errors of 22.73% (89Zr, Inveon), 17.54% (89Zr, RAYCAN) and − 14.87% (68Ga, Molecubes). Conclusions The systems performed most optimal in terms of NEMA image quality parameters when using 18F, where 11C and 89Zr performed slightly worse than 18F. The performance was least optimal when using 68Ga, due to large positron range. The large quantification differences prompt optimization not only by terms of image quality but also quantification. Further investigation should be performed to find an appropriate calibration and harmonization protocol and the evaluation should be conducted on a multi-scanner and multi-center level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Chunlei Han
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Tirri
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Shihao Liu
- RaySolution Digital Medical Imaging Co., Ltd, Ezhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tove J Grönroos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wan
- School of Software Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Ling
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexuan Hua
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Qingguo Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S., Pozzilli, Italy.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mika Teräs
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nicola D'Ascenzo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S., Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Riku Klén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Mannheim JG, Mamach M, Reder S, Traxl A, Mucha N, Disselhorst JA, Mittelhäuser M, Kuntner C, Thackeray JT, Ziegler S, Wanek T, Bankstahl JP, Pichler BJ. Reproducibility and Comparability of Preclinical PET Imaging Data: A Multicenter Small-Animal PET Study. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:1483-1491. [PMID: 30850496 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.221994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The standardization of preclinical imaging is a key factor to ensure the reliability, reproducibility, validity, and translatability of preclinical data. Preclinical standardization has been slowly progressing in recent years and has mainly been performed within a single institution, whereas little has been done in regards to multicenter standardization between facilities. This study aimed to investigate the comparability among preclinical imaging facilities in terms of PET data acquisition and analysis. In the first step, basic PET scans were obtained in 4 different preclinical imaging facilities to compare their standard imaging protocol for 18F-FDG. In the second step, the influence of the personnel performing the experiments and the experimental equipment used in the experiment were compared. In the third step, the influence of the image analysis on the reproducibility and comparability of the acquired data was determined. Distinct differences in the uptake behavior of the 4 standard imaging protocols were determined for the investigated organs (brain, left ventricle, liver, and muscle) due to different animal handling procedures before and during the scans (e.g., fasting vs. nonfasting, glucose levels, temperature regulation vs. constant temperature warming). Significant differences in the uptake behavior in the brain were detected when the same imaging protocol was used but executed by different personnel and using different experimental animal handling equipment. An influence of the person analyzing the data was detected for most of the organs, when the volumes of interest were manually drawn by the investigators. Coregistration of the PET to an MR image and drawing the volume of interest based on anatomic information yielded reproducible results among investigators. It has been demonstrated that there is a huge demand for standardization among multiple institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Mannheim
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany .,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Mamach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sybille Reder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Alexander Traxl
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; and
| | - Natalie Mucha
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Disselhorst
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Mittelhäuser
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; and
| | - James T Thackeray
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sibylle Ziegler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Wanek
- Biomedical Systems, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; and
| | - Jens P Bankstahl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Mannheim JG, Kara F, Doorduin J, Fuchs K, Reischl G, Liang S, Verhoye M, Gremse F, Mezzanotte L, Huisman MC. Standardization of Small Animal Imaging-Current Status and Future Prospects. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:716-731. [PMID: 28971332 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The benefit of small animal imaging is directly linked to the validity and reliability of the collected data. If the data (regardless of the modality used) are not reproducible and/or reliable, then the outcome of the data is rather questionable. Therefore, standardization of the use of small animal imaging equipment, as well as of animal handling in general, is of paramount importance. In a recent paper, guidance for efficient small animal imaging quality control was offered and discussed, among others, the use of phantoms in setting up a quality control program (Osborne et al. 2016). The same phantoms can be used to standardize image quality parameters for multi-center studies or multi-scanners within center studies. In animal experiments, the additional complexity due to animal handling needs to be addressed to ensure standardized imaging procedures. In this review, we will address the current status of standardization in preclinical imaging, as well as potential benefits from increased levels of standardization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Mannheim
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Firat Kara
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sayuan Liang
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Felix Gremse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Clinic, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Optical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc C Huisman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Napieczynska H, Kolb A, Katiyar P, Tonietto M, Ud-Dean M, Stumm R, Herfert K, Calaminus C, Pichler BJ. Impact of the Arterial Input Function Recording Method on Kinetic Parameters in Small-Animal PET. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1159-1164. [PMID: 29476003 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.204164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to validate the use of an MR-compatible blood sampler (BS) with a detector system based on a lutetium oxyorthosilicate scintillator and avalanche photodiodes for small-animal PET. Methods: Five rats underwent a 60-min 18F-FDG study. For each animal, the arterial input function (AIF) was derived from the BS recording, from manual sampling (MS), and from the PET image. These AIFs were applied for kinetic modeling of the striatum using the irreversible 2-tissue-compartment model. The MS-based technique with a dispersion correction served as a reference approach, and the kinetic parameters that were estimated with the BS- and the image-derived AIFs were compared with the reference values. Additionally, the effect of applying a population-based activity ratio for plasma to whole blood (p/wb) and the dispersion correction was assessed. Results: The K1, k2, and k3 values estimated with the reference approach were 0.174 ± 0.037 mL/min/cm3, 0.342 ± 0.080 1/min, and 0.048 ± 0.009 1/min, respectively. The corresponding parameters obtained with the BS- and image-derived AIFs deviated from these values by 0.6%-18.8% and 16.7%-47.9%, respectively. To compensate for the error in the BS-based technique, data from one MS collected at the end of the experiment were combined with the data from the first 10 min of the BS recording. This approach reduced the deviation in the kinetic parameters to 1.8%-6.3%. Using p/wb led to a 1.7%-8.3% difference from the reference parameters. The sensitivity of the BS was 23%, the energy resolution for the 511-keV photopeak was 19%, and the timing resolution was 11.2 ns. Conclusion: Online recording of the blood activity level with the BS allows precise measurement of AIF, without loss of blood volume. Combining the BS data with one MS is the most accurate approach for the data analysis. The high sensitivity of the device may allow application of lower radioactivity doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Napieczynska
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany .,International Max Planck Research School for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Tuebingen, Germany; and
| | - Armin Kolb
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Prateek Katiyar
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matteo Tonietto
- Institute for Brain and Spinal Cord, Sorbonne University, UPMC, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Minhaz Ud-Dean
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Stumm
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Calaminus
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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7
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Horitsugi G, Watabe T, Kanai Y, Ikeda H, Kato H, Naka S, Ishibashi M, Matsunaga K, Isohashi K, Shimosegawa E, Hatazawa J. Oxygen-15 labeled CO 2, O 2, and CO PET in small animals: evaluation using a 3D-mode microPET scanner and impact of reconstruction algorithms. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:91. [PMID: 29080056 PMCID: PMC5660010 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Positron emission tomography (PET) studies using 15O-labeled CO2, O2, and CO have been used in humans to evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF), the cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) and cerebral blood volume (CBV), respectively. In preclinical studies, however, PET studies using 15O-labeled gases are not widely performed because of the technical difficulties associated with handling labeled gases with a short half-life. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the scatter fraction using 3D-mode micro-PET for 15O-labeled gas studies and the influence of reconstruction algorithms on quantitative values. Nine male SD rats were studied using the steady state inhalation method for 15O-labeled gases with arterial blood sampling. The resulting PET images were reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP), ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM) 2D, or OSEM 3D followed by maximum a posteriori (OSEM3D-MAP). The quantitative values for each brain region and each reconstruction method were calculated by applying different reconstruction methods. Results The quantitative values for the whole brain as calculated using FBP were 46.6 ± 12.5 mL/100 mL/min (CBF), 63.7 ± 7.2% (OEF), 5.72 ± 0.34 mL/100 mL/min (CMRO2), and 5.66 ± 0.34 mL/100 mL (CBV), respectively. The CBF and CMRO2 values were significantly higher when the OSEM2D and OSEM3D-MAP reconstruction methods were used, compared with FBP, whereas the OEF values were significantly lower when reconstructed using OSEM3D-MAP. Conclusions We evaluated the difference in quantitative values among the reconstruction algorithms using 3D-mode micro-PET. The iterative reconstruction method resulted in significantly higher quantitative values for CBF and CMRO2, compared with the values calculated using the FBP reconstruction method. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13550-017-0335-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Horitsugi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Medical Imaging Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Kanai
- Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Medical Imaging Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hayato Ikeda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Medical Imaging Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Naka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mana Ishibashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsunaga
- Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Medical Imaging Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kayako Isohashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Medical Imaging Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Medical Imaging Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Medical Imaging Center for Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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