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Sousa S, Correia S, de Almeida AM, Videira G, Dias R, Ramos SF, Fonseca J. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) with mandibular advancement devices-A statement of the Portuguese society of pulmonology, the Portuguese society of stomatology and dental medicine, the Portuguese dental association, and the Portuguese society of temporomandibular disorders, orofacial pain and sleep. Pulmonology 2024:S2531-0437(24)00093-X. [PMID: 39003191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
With the purpose of establishing a consensus around clinical orientations for professionals involved in managing patients with sleep breathing disorders (SBD), an interdisciplinary group of scientific societies involved in this field discussed and reviewed all the published international guidelines from the American Dental Association, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine and the European counterparts. Treatment of SBD is multidisciplinary and should be made in concert with the patient, the sleep physician, and the qualified dentist to solve the individual, social, and economic burden of the disease,. This consensus document represents the current thinking of a team of Portuguese experts on managing patients with SBD based on the available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Sousa
- CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal; CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal; Nova Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia Correia
- Hospital da Boa Nova, Matosinhos, Portugal; Hospital Privado de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - André Mariz de Almeida
- CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Almada, Portugal; Portuguese Society of Temporomandibular Disorders, Orofacial Pain and Sleep
| | - Gabriela Videira
- Portuguese Society of Temporomandibular Disorders, Orofacial Pain and Sleep; Luz Lisbon Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Dias
- Portuguese Society of Stomatology and Dental Medicine; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Falardo Ramos
- Portuguese Dental Association, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Júlio Fonseca
- Portuguese Society of Temporomandibular Disorders, Orofacial Pain and Sleep; ORISCLINIC, Coimbra, Portugal
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Xiang W, Wang M, Cai M, Li Z, Hou B, Pan X. Correlation between craniocervical posture and upper airway dimension in patients with bilateral anterior disc displacement. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024; 125:101785. [PMID: 38316212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between upper airway dimension and craniocervical posture in adult patients with bilateral anterior disc displacement and to provide some references for clinical diagnosis and plan formulation in orthodontics. METHODS Based on RDC/TMD (Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder), 98 Patients were divided into three groups by two experienced TMJ (Temporomandibular Joint) specialists: bilateral disc normal position group (BN), bilateral anterior disc displacement with reduction group (ADDWR) and bilateral anterior disc displacement without reduction group (ADDWoR). Inter-group comparison and correlation analysis were performed after 11 craniocervical posture and 15 upper airway dimension measurements finished with Dolphin and Uceph software in Two or Three-dimensional. RESULTS Anterior disc displacement often accompanied with extension of craniocervical posture, as ADDWR and ADDWoR groups have significantly higher cervical curvature and inclination than BN group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously anterior disc displacement often associated with constrained upper airway dimension for the total and each segment upper airway volume were significantly smaller in ADDWR and ADDWoR than BN group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that C0-C1 (the distance from the base of the occipital bone (C0) to the posterior arch of the atlas (C1)) is significantly related to the total and each segment upper airway volume reduction (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION There exists markedly close correlation between anterior disc displacement and craniocervical posture forward extension, which may be physiologically adaptive cervical extension to keep oropharyngeal airway unobstructed as upper airway dimension constrained by anterior disc displacement. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings allow us to infer the potential consequences if the treatment of anterior disc displacement would result in an improvement of intervertebral relationships and upper airway constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfang Xiang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Mingqin Cai
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zhihui Li
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Binjie Hou
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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Marklund M. Starting Mandibular Advancement Device Therapy in Patients with Good Protrusive Capacity: A Randomized Pilot Study. Turk J Orthod 2023; 36:158-164. [PMID: 37781998 PMCID: PMC10548059 DOI: 10.4274/turkjorthod.2022.2022.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Discomfort has been related to the poor acceptance of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The present study compared severe initial side effects between a smaller and a larger degree of mandibular advancement in patients with a good protrusive capacity. Methods Consecutive patients with obstructive sleep apnea and a good protrusive capacity (≥8 mm) were randomized to start treatment with the mandible advanced by either 70% of maximum protrusion (Adv70%) or by 4 mm (Adv4mm) in a pilot study with a parallel design. The main outcome was tenderness or pain in the teeth or jaws using a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) (from "not at all" to "very extensive") or excluded use because of side effects during the first week of treatment. Secondary outcomes included salivation problems and bite changes. Results Eighteen patients were randomly selected and 17 patients fulfilled the study protocol. Four patients in the Adv70% group and none in the Adv4mm group reported severe tenderness or pain (VAS ≥7) on five or more of the seven days (p=0.03). The degree of mandibular advancement measured in millimeters correlated with the number of days with severe side effects, r=0.64 (p=0.006). The secondary side effects were minor. Conclusion Starting MAD treatment with 70% mandibular advancement was related to more severe side effects during the first week of treatment compared with a smaller fixed millimeter value in patients with a good protrusive capacity in this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Marklund
- Umea University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Odontology, Umea, Sweden
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Peltomäki T. Dental sleep medicine - What's new? Sleep Med Rev 2023; 67:101739. [PMID: 36592549 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Peltomäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Ear and Oral Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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Karadeniz C, Lee KWC, Lindsay D, Karadeniz EI, Flores-Mir C. Oral appliance-generated malocclusion traits during the long-term management of obstructive sleep apnea in adults. Angle Orthod 2021; 92:255-264. [PMID: 34929027 DOI: 10.2319/041921-316.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify malocclusion characteristics generated after using oral appliances (OAs) for at least 5 years for the management of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, CINAHL, and Informit were searched without language restrictions through January 20, 2021. Unpublished literature was searched on ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register, and the Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. Authors were contacted when necessary, and reference lists of the included studies were screened. Risk of bias was assessed through the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized controlled trials (RoB2) and Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions for non-RCTs and uncontrolled before-after studies (ROBINS-I). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted only on studies that used the same OAs to exclude biomechanical differences. Risk of bias across studies was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool. RESULTS A total of 12 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis. Eight included studies had high, one had moderate, and three had low risks of bias. Significant progressive decreases of overjet (OJ; -1.43 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.66 to -1.20) and overbite (OB; -1.94 mm; 95% CI, -2.14 to -1.74) associated with maxillary incisor retroclination and mandibular incisor proclination were reported long term. Although most studies showed no sagittal skeletal changes, some degree of vertical skeletal changes were noted. CONCLUSIONS Based on a very low evidence level, inevitable anterior teeth positional changes seem to be a common long-term adverse effect of OAs. The magnitude of those changes could be considered clinically irrelevant for most pretreatment occlusions, but in occlusions with limited OJ and OB, it may be worth clinical consideration.
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Cagna DR, Donovan TE, McKee JR, Eichmiller F, Metz JE, Albouy JP, Marzola R, Murphy KG, Troeltzsch M. Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:276-359. [PMID: 34489050 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Scientific Investigation Committee of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry offers this review of the 2020 professional literature in restorative dentistry to inform busy dentists regarding noteworthy scientific and clinical progress over the past year. Each member of the committee brings discipline-specific expertise to this work to cover this broad topic. Specific subject areas addressed include prosthodontics; periodontics, alveolar bone, and peri-implant tissues; implant dentistry; dental materials and therapeutics; occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs); sleep-related breathing disorders; oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and dental caries and cariology. The authors focused their efforts on reporting information likely to influence day-to-day dental treatment decisions with a keen eye on future trends in the profession. With the tremendous volume of dentistry and related literature being published today, this review cannot possibly be comprehensive. The purpose is to update interested readers and provide important resource material for those interested in pursuing greater detail. It remains our intent to assist colleagues in navigating the extensive volume of important information being published annually. It is our hope that readers find this work useful in successfully managing the dental patients they encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Cagna
- Professor, Associate Dean, Chair and Residency Director, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center College of Dentistry, Memphis, Tenn.
| | - Terence E Donovan
- Professor, Department of Comprehensive Oral Health, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Frederick Eichmiller
- Vice President and Science Officer, Delta Dental of Wisconsin, Stevens Point, Wis
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Albouy
- Assistant Professor of Prosthodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kevin G Murphy
- Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland College of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md; Private practice, Baltimore, Md
| | - Matthias Troeltzsch
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Private practice, Ansbach, Germany
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Gjerde K, Lehmann S, Bjorvatn B, Berge M, Thuen F, Berge T, Johansson A. Partner perceptions are associated with objective sensor-measured adherence to oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13462. [PMID: 34490690 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present prospective clinical study were to determine objective, sensor-measured adherence to a mandibular advancement device (MAD) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to identify partner-specific adherence-related factors. A total of 77 eligible participants with mild, moderate, or severe OSA and who were non-adherent to continuous positive airway pressure (mean age 56.2 years) participated in the study (32.5% women). The mean (range) observation time between MAD delivery and final follow-up was 8.3 (3.4-16.5) months. The mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 26.6 events/hr at baseline and 12.5 events/hr at the 8-month follow-up (both p < 0.001). The mean sensor-measured adherence at the 8-month follow-up was 60.1% for ≥4 hr/night of appliance use for ≥5 days/week. Average usage was 6.4 hr/night, when worn. The mean reduction in the AHI was significantly greater in the "good adherence" (Δ 17.4) than the "poor adherence" group (Δ11.0; p < 0.05). From the partner's perspective, the appliance had a positive effect on sharing a bedroom in the good- (55%) compared to the poor-adherence group (25%; p < 0.05) and on their relationship (51.7% versus 17.9%, respectively; p < 0.05). Regression analyses identified the partner's snoring and apneas to be the most significant factor predicting good adherence to MAD (odds ratio 4.4, 95% confidence interval 1.4-14.0). In conclusion, social factors, like partner perceptions, were positively associated with adherence, which indicate that partner's attitudes and support may be a resource that can be utilised to improve adherence in oral appliance treatment of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti Gjerde
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sverre Lehmann
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Section for Thoracic Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Berge, Norway
| | - Morten Berge
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Frode Thuen
- Department of Welfare and Participation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Berge
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Prosthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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The Association between Temporomandibular Disorder and Sleep Apnea-A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176311. [PMID: 32872653 PMCID: PMC7504469 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An increased incidence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among patients with sleep apnea (SA) has been reported. However, the association between TMD and SA has not been demonstrated in a large-scale study. This population-based cohort study with the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database aimed to understand the association between SA and TMD. We identified adult patients with suspected SA (identified with diagnostic codes) and excluded those diagnosed with TMD prior to SA. Patients with SA diagnosis after polysomnography were also identified as probable SA patients. The index dates were the dates of their initial SA diagnosis. Ten control subjects were matched, by age and sex, to each SA patient, and were assigned the same index dates as the SA patients. In total, 10,408 suspected SA patients (including 4105 probable SA patients) matched to 104,080 control subjects (including 41,050 subjects matched to the probable SA patients) in this study. The TMD incidence rate was significantly higher in the SA patients than in the control subjects (2.8 vs. 1.0 per thousand-patient-year in probable SA patients vs. the corresponding control subjects, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval] = 2.5 [2.3–2.7], p < 0.0001). SA patients significantly showed a higher cumulative incidence of TMD than the corresponding control subjects (p < 0.0001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed SA as an independent risk factor for the development of TMD (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.5 [1.7–3.7], p < 0.0001). In summary, this study confirmed an increased TMD incidence in the SA patients. While treating TMD patients, dentists should pay careful attention to the potential underlying SA.
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Herrero Babiloni A, Beetz G, Dal Fabbro C, Martel MO, Huynh N, Masse JF, Sessle B, Lavigne GJ. Dental sleep medicine: Time to incorporate sleep apnoea education in the dental curriculum. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2020; 24:605-610. [PMID: 32320121 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dental sleep medicine is a discipline that includes conditions such as sleep breathing disorders (eg snoring and sleep apnoea), sleep bruxism, orofacial pain and sleep-related complaints, and to some extent gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder and/or insomnia. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a life-threatening condition that dentists need to identify and manage when indicated in order to increase patient well-being and to be taken in consideration in the dental curriculum. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the relevance of dental sleep medicine in the context of dental education, and to discuss potential educational content for integration in the dental curriculum with a focus on OSA, a condition that is not yet integrated in many dental training curricula around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Herrero Babiloni
- Sacré-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Beetz
- Sacré-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marc O Martel
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry & Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nelly Huynh
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Barry Sessle
- Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gilles J Lavigne
- Sacré-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Sutherland K, Cistulli PA. Oral Appliance Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: State of the Art. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122121. [PMID: 31810332 PMCID: PMC6947472 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) represents a significant global health burden, with impact on cardiometabolic health, chronic disease, productivity loss and accident risk. Oral appliances (OA) are an effective therapy for OSA and work by enlarging and stabilising the pharyngeal airway to prevent breathing obstructions during sleep. Although recommended in clinical guidelines for OSA therapy, they are often considered only as second-line therapy following positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy failure. There has been a long-standing barrier to selecting OA over PAP therapy due to the inability to be certain about the level of efficacy in individual OSA patients. A range of methods to select OSA patients for OA therapy, based on the outcome of a single sleep study night, have been proposed, although none has been widely validated for clinical use. Emergent health outcome data suggest that equivalent apnoea–hypopnea index reduction may not be necessary to produce the same health benefits of PAP. This may be related to the more favourable adherence to OA therapy, which can now be objectively verified. Data on longer term health outcomes are needed, and there are additional opportunities for device improvement and combination therapy approaches. OAs have an important role in precision care of OSA as a chronic disorder through a multi-disciplinary care team. Future studies on real-world health outcomes following OA therapy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Sutherland
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre and Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter A. Cistulli
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre and Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
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Lavigne G, Herrero Babiloni A, Beetz G, Dal Fabbro C, Sutherland K, Huynh N, Cistulli P. Critical Issues in Dental and Medical Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Dent Res 2019; 99:26-35. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034519885644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This critical review focuses on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its management from a dental medicine perspective. OSA is characterized by ≥10-s cessation of breathing (apnea) or reduction in airflow (hypopnea) ≥5 times per hour with a drop in oxygen and/or rise in carbon dioxide. It can be associated with sleepiness and fatigue, impaired mood and cognition, cardiometabolic complications, and risk for transportation and work accidents. Although sleep apnea is diagnosed by a sleep physician, its management is interdisciplinary. The dentist’s role includes 1) screening patients for OSA risk factors (e.g., retrognathia, high arched palate, enlarged tonsils or tongue, enlarged tori, high Mallampati score, poor sleep, supine sleep position, obesity, hypertension, morning headache or orofacial pain, bruxism); 2) referring to an appropriate health professional as indicated; and 3) providing oral appliance therapy followed by regular dental and sleep medical follow-up. In addition to the device features and provider expertise, anatomic, behavioral, demographic, and neurophysiologic characteristics can influence oral appliance effectiveness in managing OSA. Therefore, OSA treatment should be tailored to each patient individually. This review highlights some of the putative action mechanisms related to oral appliance effectiveness and proposes future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.J. Lavigne
- Faculté de médicine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Research Center, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - A. Herrero Babiloni
- Faculté de médicine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Research Center, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - G. Beetz
- Research Center, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - K. Sutherland
- Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - N. Huynh
- Faculté de médicine dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - P.A. Cistulli
- Charles Perkins Centre and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, and Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Marklund M, Braem MJ, Verbraecken J. Update on oral appliance therapy. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/153/190083. [DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0083-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral appliances are increasingly recommended for selected patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and those who do not tolerate nor prefer continuous positive airway pressure. The most commonly used oral appliance advances the lower jaw during sleep, the so-called mandibular advancement device (MAD). Patients seek treatment because of disturbing snoring, daytime symptoms, apnoeas that disturb sleep and the longer term consequences with regard to cardiovascular risks. MADs reduce the apnoea–hypopnoea index, although to various degrees among patients. Effects on daytime sleepiness have been observed mainly among the more severe OSA patients. Blood pressure may be reduced in MAD-treated OSA patients. There is, however, uncertainty about which patients will respond to this therapy in terms of apnoea reductions, decreased sleepiness and other symptoms, and reduced risk for future impaired health. The occurrence of side-effects also remains difficult to predict at present. The majority of sleep apnoea patients suffer from various comorbidities in terms of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and depression. The most recent findings indicate that phenotyping of patients, considering various aspects of this multifaceted disease, will shed more light on the indications for MADs in patients with nightly sleep breathing disturbances. This review summarises the most recent knowledge about MAD treatment.
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