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Amutova F, Delannoy M, Akhatzhanova A, Akhmetsadykov N, Konuspayeva G, Jurjanz S. Generic methodology to prevent food contamination by soil born legacy POPs in free range livestock. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28533. [PMID: 38590844 PMCID: PMC10999928 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Government monitoring commonly includes regulating POPs in animal feed and products of animal origin, with many countries setting Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) to ensure safe tolerable concentrations. However, these MRLs do not address the presence of most POP families in soil, where concentrations can be much higher due to the contaminants' strong affinity and persistence in comparison to other environmental matrices. Extensive damage to food and production systems during a pollution incident causing soil contamination by POPs lead to severe economic and social consequences for the affected area. To mitigate these effects, it is crucial to implement necessary measures for consumer protection while also focusing on rehabilitating conditions for food production, tailored to both commercial farms and private holders. In this context, the present work aims to develop and test a methodology for assessing the tolerable concentration of the most cancerogenic legacy POPs in soil for various livestock animals in diverse rearing systems ensuring the safety of food of animal origin. Therefore, we summarize existing knowledge about the risk of POP transfer in different livestock breeding systems via soil exposure, and modeling via a backward calculation from the MRLs the corresponding tolerable quantity of POPs that may be ingested by animals in the considered rearing system. Results of these simulations showed that soil ingestion is a predominant contamination pathway, which is a central factor in the risk assessment of POP exposure on livestock farms, especially in free-range systems. In field conditions of POP exposure, low productive animals may be more susceptible to uptake through soil than high-yielding animals, even if the feed respected MRLs. Results show that PCDD/Fs revealed the lowest security ratio for low productive dairy cows (1.5) compared to high productive ones (52). Laying hens with a productivity of 45% show also as a high sensitivity to POPs exposure via soil ingestion. Indeed, their security ratio for PCDD/Fs, lindane and DDT were 3, 2 and 1, respectively. In perspective, proposed methodology can be adapted for assessing the risk of industrial POPs newly listed in the Stockholm Convention. In practice, it could be useful for food producers to apprehend their own risk of chemical contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Amutova
- URAFPA, University de Lorraine-INRAE, 54000, Nancy, France
- Antigen LLP, Scientific and Production Enterprise 040905, Almaty region, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Araylym Akhatzhanova
- Antigen LLP, Scientific and Production Enterprise 040905, Almaty region, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan Akhmetsadykov
- Antigen LLP, Scientific and Production Enterprise 040905, Almaty region, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaukhar Konuspayeva
- Antigen LLP, Scientific and Production Enterprise 040905, Almaty region, Kazakhstan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Stefan Jurjanz
- URAFPA, University de Lorraine-INRAE, 54000, Nancy, France
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El Wanny N, Le Roux Y, Fournier A, Baroudi M, Woignier T, Feidt C, Delannoy M. Organochlorine POPs sequestration strategy by carbonaceous amendments of contaminated soils: Toward a better understanding of the transfer reduction to laying hens. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128871. [PMID: 35430457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PCBs, PCDD/Fs, and Chlordecone (CLD) are POPs found in soils and transferred to animals through involuntary soil ingestion. In this frame, the amendment of contaminated soil with porous matrices, like Biochars (BCs) and Activated Carbons (ACs), is a promising technique for reducing this transfer. In this study, the efficiency of 3 biochars and 3 activated carbons was assessed by amending 2% (by weight) of these matrices on (i) CLD or (ii) PCBs and PCDD/Fs contaminated artificial soils. Porosity of the carbon-based materials and molecules physico-chemical characteristics were then linked to the obtained results. The concentrations of pollutants were then measured in the egg yolks of laying hens (n = 3), which were fed on a daily basis pellets containing 10% of soil for 20 days. Overall, no significant transfer reduction was observed with the biochar and the granular AC amendments for all the compounds. However, significant reductions were obtained with the two efficient activated carbons for PCDD/Fs and DL-PCB up to 79-82% (TEQ basis), whereas only a slight reduction of concentrations was obtained with these activated carbons for CLD and NDL-PCBs. Thus, (i) biochars were not proven efficient to reduce halogenated pollutants transfer to animals, (ii) powdered AC amendments resulted in reducing the bioavailability of soil POPs, and (iii) the effectiveness of such strategy depended on both characteristics of the matrix and of the pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine El Wanny
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France; Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., BP 246 Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Yves Le Roux
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Moomen Baroudi
- Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., BP 246 Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Thierry Woignier
- UMR IMBE - Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université Campus, Lebanon
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, URAFPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Jurjanz S, Fournier A, Clostre F, Godard E, Feidt C. Control of poultry contamination in chlordecone-contaminated areas of the French West Indies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41117-41121. [PMID: 32232749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of private hold poultry foodstuffs, escaping of official maximum residue limit (MRL) controls in the commercial foodstuff, is an important exposure way for the local populations to chlordecone on the French West Indies. Therefore, chlordecone contamination of different tissues in 42 birds from 32 private holders was determined depending on the contamination of the soil of the outside plot but also surveying the rearing practices of these holders of both islands. Chlordecone contents in tissues increased rapidly with this of the topsoil of the site. The most sensitive tissues to chlordecone presence were egg yolk and liver, followed by abdominal fat and finally leg tissue. The rearing practices varied between the surveyed private holders of both islands. Nevertheless, practices for the distribution of feed and water as well as covering of soil were hardly protective, what would increase the exposure risk of these birds to this potentially present soil-bound contaminant. Although depuration of birds seems possible, the ongoing modelization of the necessary time to meet MRL thresholds indicates that such time lapse seems hardly compatible with acceptable delays for private holders. Therefore, very protective rearing practices are the main way to obtain poultry foodstuffs compliant to MRL, what seems possible if the topsoil is contaminated at less than 0.1 mg kg-1 and perhaps up to 0.5 mg kg-1 if protective practices vis-a-vis of soil exposure are very strict. Nevertheless, a higher contamination of the topsoil seems not compatible with compliant poultry foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Jurjanz
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la forêt-de-Haye, 54505, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la forêt-de-Haye, 54505, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Florence Clostre
- Cirad, Habitation Petit Morne, 97232, Le Lamentin, Martinique, France
| | - Eric Godard
- Agence Régional de Santé, Espace Agora, route de la pointe des Sables, 97263, Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la forêt-de-Haye, 54505, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Delannoy M, Techer D, Yehya S, Razafitianamaharavo A, Amutova F, Fournier A, Baroudi M, Montarges-Pelletier E, Rychen G, Feidt C. Evaluation of two contrasted activated carbon-based sequestration strategies to reduce soil-bound chlordecone bioavailability in piglets. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41023-41032. [PMID: 31786765 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone) (CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide formerly used in the French West Indies. High levels of this pesticide are still found in soils and represent a subsequent source of contamination for outdoor-reared animals which may ingest involuntary non negligible amounts of soil. In that context, sequestering matrices like activated carbons (ACs) may be used to efficiently decrease the bioavailability of such organic pollutants. The present study intends to assess the respective efficiency of two sequestering strategies where two different ACs were provided either via feed incorporation or via soil amendment. This study involved 20 piglets randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups (4 replicates). All groups were exposed to 10 μg of CLD per kg of BW per day during 10 days via a contaminated soil. In both "Soil-ACs" treatment groups, the contaminated soil was amended by 2% (mass basis) of one of the two ACs. The two "Feed-ACs" groups received the contaminated soil and one dough ball containing 0.5% (mass basis) of one of the ACs. The piglets were then euthanized before collection of pericaudal adipose tissue and the whole liver and CLD analysis. A significant decrease of CLD concentrations in liver and adipose tissue was observed only in the "Soil-ACs" groups in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001). This decrease was particularly important for the coconut shell activated carbon where relative bioavailability was found lower than 1.8% for both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Delannoy
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Didier Techer
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Sarah Yehya
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., Lebanese University, Tripoli, BP, 246, Lebanon
| | - Angelina Razafitianamaharavo
- CNRS, LIEC UMR7360, 15 avenue du Charmois, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-, Nancy, France
- LIEC UMR7360, Université de Lorraine, 15 avenue du Charmois, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Farida Amutova
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 al-Farabi Ave., Almaty, 050040, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Agnès Fournier
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Moumen Baroudi
- Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., Lebanese University, Tripoli, BP, 246, Lebanon
| | - Emmanuelle Montarges-Pelletier
- CNRS, LIEC UMR7360, 15 avenue du Charmois, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-, Nancy, France
- LIEC UMR7360, Université de Lorraine, 15 avenue du Charmois, 54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guido Rychen
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- UR AFPA, Université de Lorraine, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- UR AFPA, INRA USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Collas C, Mahieu M, Tricheur A, Crini N, Badot PM, Archimède H, Rychen G, Feidt C, Jurjanz S. Cattle exposure to chlordecone through soil intake. The case-study of tropical grazing practices in the French West Indies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:161-170. [PMID: 30852194 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ingested soil is a major vector of organic contaminants from environment to free-ranged animals, particularly for grazing herbivores. Therefore, a better understanding of processes driving soil intake may provide new insights to limit animal exposure to contaminants and ensure safety of animal products. To maintain the supply service of livestock farming activities in contaminated areas, it is necessary to design adapted farming practices aiming at controlling the risk for human health. This study was conducted in the French West Indies, where chlordecone, an organochlorine insecticide previously used to protect banana plantation against the black weevil and banned since 1993, has polluted nearly 20% of agricultural surfaces since the 1970s. A crossover study design was performed to estimate soil intake by twelve tethered Creole young bulls according to different grazing practices. The objectives were to characterize the influence of (i) daily herbage allowance (LOW, HIGH, ADLIB: 100, 150, 300 g DM/kg BW0.75 respectively); (ii) and soil surface moisture (SSM) testing grazing on a water-saturated (HUM) vs dried (DRY) ground. The herbage offer was managed via the allocated surfaces varying the chain length as animal holders commonly do in informal Caribbean systems. The results evidenced an increase in soil intake with DHA reduction (2.1 to 3.8% of DM intake; P < 0.05) and with SSM increase (2.4 to 3.6% of DM intake; P < 0.05). Herbage offer reduction involved a closer-to-the-ground grazing with shorter post-grazing sward surface height (82.2 to 63.3 mm; P < 0.001), and both herbage offer reduction and SSM increase amplified sward soiling (measured from titanium content in unwashed herbage and image analysis). This work showed that soil intake is unavoidable even when herbage offer is very generous. The animals will significantly increase soil intake when herbage offer would be at 150 g DM/kg BW0.75 or less, especially when the grazed surface is humid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Collas
- Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (EA 3998, USC INRA 340), Université de Lorraine-INRA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20163, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Maurice Mahieu
- Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (UR 0143), INRA Centre Antilles-Guyane, Domaine Duclos Prise d'Eau, 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Alexandre Tricheur
- Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (UR 0143), INRA Centre Antilles-Guyane, Domaine Duclos Prise d'Eau, 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Nadia Crini
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR CNRS 6249), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté-CNRS, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Badot
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR CNRS 6249), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté-CNRS, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Harry Archimède
- Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (UR 0143), INRA Centre Antilles-Guyane, Domaine Duclos Prise d'Eau, 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Guido Rychen
- Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (EA 3998, USC INRA 340), Université de Lorraine-INRA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20163, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (EA 3998, USC INRA 340), Université de Lorraine-INRA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20163, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Stefan Jurjanz
- Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (EA 3998, USC INRA 340), Université de Lorraine-INRA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 20163, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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6
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Delannoy M, Yehya S, Techer D, Razafitianamaharavo A, Richard A, Caria G, Baroudi M, Montargès-Pelletier E, Rychen G, Feidt C. Amendment of soil by biochars and activated carbons to reduce chlordecone bioavailability in piglets. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:486-494. [PMID: 30025366 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone or CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide formerly used in French West Indies. Nowadays high levels of this pesticide are still found in soils which represent a subsequent source of contamination for outdoor-reared animals. In that context, sequestering matrices like biochars or activated carbons (ACs) are believed to efficiently decrease the bioavailability of such compounds when added to contaminated soils. The present study intends to test the respective efficiency of soil amendment strategies using commercial ACs or biochars (obtained by a 500 °C or 700 °C pyrolysis of 4 distinct type of wood). This study involved three experimental steps. The first one characterized specific surface areas of biochars and ACs. The second one assessed CLD-availability of contaminated artificial soils (50 μg g-1 of Dry Matter) amended with 5% of biochar or AC (mass basis). The third one assessed CLD bioavailability of those artificial soils through an in vivo assay. To limit ethically the number of animals, selections of the most promising media were performed between each experimental steps. Forty four castrated male 40-day-old piglets were exposed during 10 day by amended artificial soils according to their group (n = 4). Only treatment groups exposed through amended soil with AC presented a significant decrease of concentrations of CLD in liver and adipose tissue in comparison with the control group (p < 0.001). A non-significant decrease was obtained by amending artificial soil with biochars. This decrease was particularly high for a coconut shell activated carbon were relative bioavailability was found lower than 3.2% for both tissues. This study leads to conclude that AC introduced in CLD contaminated soil should strongly reduce CLD bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delannoy
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France.
| | - S Yehya
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France; Department of Health and Environment, Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health Section III, Laboratory of Water and Environmental Sciences, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - D Techer
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - A Razafitianamaharavo
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 15 Avenue du Charmois, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - A Richard
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, France
| | - G Caria
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux UMR 7360 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, France
| | - M Baroudi
- Department of Health and Environment, Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health Section III, Laboratory of Water and Environmental Sciences, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - E Montargès-Pelletier
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 15 Avenue du Charmois, F-54500, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | - G Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - C Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France
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Lastel ML, Fournier A, Jurjanz S, Thomé JP, Joaquim-Justo C, Archimède H, Mahieu M, Feidt C, Rychen G. Comparison of chlordecone and NDL-PCB decontamination dynamics in growing male kids after cessation of oral exposure: Is there a potential to decrease the body levels of these pollutants by dietary supplementation of activated carbon or paraffin oil? CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:100-107. [PMID: 29127834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen weaned male Alpine kids (Capra hircus) were subjected to a 21-day oral daily exposure of 0.05 mg kg-1 BW. d-1 of chlordecone (CLD) and 0.30 μg kg-1 BW. d-1 of each non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs, congeners 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180). Four kids, identified as the CONTA group, were slaughtered at the end of the exposure, while the remaining animals (n = 12) were fed with specific diets for an additional 21-day decontamination period before slaughtering. Kids from the DECONTA (n = 4) group were fed a control diet, while those from the AC10% and PO8% group received pellets supplemented with 10% activated carbon (AC) and 8% paraffin oil (PO), respectively. CLD and NDL-PCB levels in blood, liver, peri-renal fat and muscles from different groups were analysed to compare the decontamination dynamics of the pollutants and to determine the efficiency of AC and PO to decrease the body levels of pollutants. After the decontamination period, the CLD levels considerably decreased (more than 60%) in blood, liver, muscles and fat. Concerning NDL-PCBs, the decontamination process was much lower. Overall, CLD appeared to be less retained in kids' organism compared with NDL-PCBs, and the decontamination dynamics of these pollutants appeared to be different because of their specific physicochemical properties and lipophilicity. Furthermore, the dietary supplementation with AC or PO did not significantly affect the decontamination dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Lastel
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, USC 340, UR AFPA, EA 3998, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40402, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France; French Environment and Energy Management Agency, 20, Avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France.
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, USC 340, UR AFPA, EA 3998, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40402, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Stefan Jurjanz
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, USC 340, UR AFPA, EA 3998, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40402, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- Université de Liège, LEAE-CART (Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et d'Ecotoxicologie-Centre for Analytical Research and Technology), Allée du 6 Août, 11, 4000 Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Célia Joaquim-Justo
- Université de Liège, LEAE-CART (Laboratoire d'Ecologie Animale et d'Ecotoxicologie-Centre for Analytical Research and Technology), Allée du 6 Août, 11, 4000 Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Harry Archimède
- INRA, URZ, UR 143, Domaine Duclos, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Maurice Mahieu
- INRA, URZ, UR 143, Domaine Duclos, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, USC 340, UR AFPA, EA 3998, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40402, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Guido Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, USC 340, UR AFPA, EA 3998, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40402, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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8
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Yehya S, Delannoy M, Fournier A, Baroudi M, Rychen G, Feidt C. Activated carbon, a useful medium to bind chlordecone in soil and limit its transfer to growing goat kids. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179548. [PMID: 28723966 PMCID: PMC5516976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlordecone (Kepone) (CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide which was extensively used in the French West Indies; high levels of CLD can still currently be found in large agricultural areas. As CLD transfers from soil to animals mainly via involuntary ingestion, the consumption of foodstuffs derived from animals raised in contaminated areas may significantly contribute to exposure of humans to CLD. The present study was designed to test the efficacy of two different activated carbons (ACs) sources in limiting CLD transfer from soil to animal. Three soils (ASs) were prepared according to the OECD guideline 207. One standard soil (SS) lacking AC, and two modified preparations of SS supplemented with 2% coconut-based activated carbon (ORBO), SSO or with 2% lignite-based one (DARCO), SSD. All three soils were spiked with 10 μg of kepone per g of dry matter and aged for three weeks. This study involved 15 goat kids randomly assigned to the 3 experimental groups (n = 5/group), which were fed the experimental matrices at an exposure dose of 10 μg CLD per kg of body weight per day. After 21 d of oral exposure, CLD in adipose tissue and liver were analysed by LC-MS-MS. A significant decrease of 63.7% and 74.7% of CLD concentrations in adipose tissue and liver, respectively, were obtained from animals exposed using SS containing DARCO as compared to those receiving only SS. Decreases in CLD levels of 98.2% (adipose tissue) and 98.7% (liver) were obtained for animals exposed using SS containing ORBO. This study leads us to conclude that (i) the presence of AC in CLD-contaminated soil strongly reduces CLD bioavailability, and (ii) the efficacy depends on the nature and characteristics of the AC used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yehya
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Lebanese University–Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Matthieu Delannoy
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Moomen Baroudi
- Lebanese University–Faculty of Public Health-Section III, L.S.E.E., Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Guido Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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9
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Zheng X, Qiao L, Sun R, Luo X, Zheng J, Xie Q, Sun Y, Mai B. Alteration of Diastereoisomeric and Enantiomeric Profiles of Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in Adult Chicken Tissues, Eggs, and Hatchling Chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5492-5499. [PMID: 28440626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and enantiomer fractions (EFs) of α-, β-, and γ-hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were measured in chicken diet sources (soil and chicken feed), home-raised adult chicken (Gallus domesticus) tissues, eggs during incubation, and hatchling chicken tissues. HBCD concentrations were not detected-0.69 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 25.6-48.4 ng/g dw in chicken feed and soil, respectively. HBCDs were detected in all adult chicken tissues, except the brain, at median levels of 13.1-44.0 ng/g lipid weight (lw). The proportions of α-HBCD in total HBCDs increased from 51% in soil to more than 87% in adult chicken tissues. The accumulation ratios (ARs) of α-HBCD from diet to adult chicken tissues were 4.27 for liver, 11.2 for fat, and 7.64-12.9 for other tissues, respectively. The AR and carry-over rate (COR) of α-HBCD from diet to eggs were 22.4 and 0.226, respectively. The concentrations of α-HBCD in hatchling chicken liver (median: 35.4 ng/g lw) were significantly lower than those in hatchling chicken pectoral muscle (median: 130 ng/g lw). The EFs of α-HBCD decreased from soil to adult chicken tissues and from eggs to hatchling chicken liver. Meanwhile, the EFs of γ-HBCD increased from soil to adult chicken tissues. These results indicate the preferential enrichment of (-)-α-HBCD and (+)-γ-HBCD in chickens. The alteration of diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric patterns of HBCDs might be influenced by the different absorption and elimination rates of the six HBCD enantiomers as well as variations in HBCD metabolism in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qiao
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection , Guangzhou 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Runxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Center for Environmental Health Research, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection , Guangzhou 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilai Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510301, People's Republic of China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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10
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Merlin C, Devers M, Béguet J, Boggio B, Rouard N, Martin-Laurent F. Evaluation of the ecotoxicological impact of the organochlorine chlordecone on soil microbial community structure, abundance, and function. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4185-4198. [PMID: 26025175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The insecticide chlordecone applied for decades in banana plantations currently contaminates 20,000 ha of arable land in the French West Indies. Although the impact of various pesticides on soil microorganisms has been studied, chlordecone toxicity to the soil microbial community has never been assessed. We investigated in two different soils (sandy loam and silty loam) exposed to different concentrations of CLD (D0, control; D1 and D10, 1 and 10 times the agronomical dose) over different periods of time (3, 7, and 32 days): (i) the fate of chlordecone by measuring (14)C-chlordecone mass balance and (ii) the impact of chlordecone on microbial community structure, abundance, and function, using standardized methods (-A-RISA, taxon-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR), and (14)C-compounds mineralizing activity). Mineralization of (14)C-chlordecone was inferior below 1 % of initial (14)C-activity. Less than 2 % of (14)C-activity was retrieved from the water-soluble fraction, while most of it remained in the organic-solvent-extractable fraction (75 % of initial (14)C-activity). Only 23 % of the remaining (14)C-activity was measured in nonextractable fraction. The fate of chlordecone significantly differed between the two soils. The soluble and nonextractable fractions were significantly higher in sandy loam soil than in silty loam soil. All the measured microbiological parameters allowed discriminating statistically the two soils and showed a variation over time. The genetic structure of the bacterial community remained insensitive to chlordecone exposure in silty loam soil. In response to chlordecone exposure, the abundance of Gram-negative bacterial groups (β-, γ-Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Bacteroidetes) was significantly modified only in sandy loam soil. The mineralization of (14)C-sodium acetate and (14)C-2,4-D was insensitive to chlordecone exposure in silty loam soil. However, mineralization of (14)C-sodium acetate was significantly reduced in soil microcosms of sandy loam soil exposed to chlordecone as compared to the control (D0). These data show that chlordecone exposure induced changes in microbial community taxonomic composition and function in one of the two soils, suggesting microbial toxicity of this organochlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Merlin
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Marion Devers
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Jérémie Béguet
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Baptiste Boggio
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Nadine Rouard
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Martin-Laurent
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Ecoldur, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France.
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11
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Effects of standard humic materials on relative bioavailability of NDL-PCBs in juvenile swine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115759. [PMID: 25549096 PMCID: PMC4280112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Young children with their hand-to-mouth activity may be exposed to contaminated soils. However few studies assessing exposure of organic compounds sequestrated in soil were realized. The present study explores the impact of different organic matters on retention of NDL-PCBs during digestive processes using commercial humic substances in a close digestive model of children: the piglet. Six artificial soils were used. One standard soil, devoid of organic matter, and five amended versions of this standard soil with either fulvic acid, humic acid, Sphagnum peat, activated carbon or a mix of Sphagnum peat and activated carbon (95∶5) (SPAC) were prepared. In order to compare the different treatments, we use spiked oil and negative control animals. Forty male piglets were randomly distributed in 7 contaminated and one control groups (n = 5 for each group). During 10 days, the piglets were fed artificial soil or a corn oil spiked with 19,200 ng of Aroclor 1254 per g of dry matter (6,000 ng.g⁻¹ of NDL-PCBs) to achieve an exposure dose of 1,200 ng NDL-PCBs.Kg⁻¹ of body weight per day. NDL-PCBs in adipose tissue were analyzed by GC-MS. Fulvic acid reduced slightly the bioavailability of NDL-PCBs compared to oil. Humic acid and Sphagnum peat reduced it significantly higher whereas activated carbon reduced the most. Piglets exposed to soil containing both activated carbon and Shagnum peat exhibited a lower reduction than soil with only activated carbon. Therefore, treatment groups are ordered by decreasing value of relative bioavailability as following: oil ≥ fulvic acid>Sphagnum peat ≥ Sphagnum peat and activated carbon ≥ Humic acid>>activated carbon. This suggests competition between Sphagnum peat and activated carbon. The present study highlights that quality of organic matter does have a significant effect on bioavailability of sequestrated organic compounds.
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12
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Jondreville C, Fournier A, Mahieu M, Feidt C, Archimède H, Rychen G. Kinetic study of chlordecone orally given to laying hens (Gallus domesticus). CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 114:275-281. [PMID: 25113213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The former use of chlordecone (CLD) in the French West Indies has resulted in long-term pollution of soils. In this area, CLD may be transferred into eggs of hens reared outdoors, through soil ingestion. In order to assess this risk, a kinetic study involving the contamination of laying hens (22 weeks of age) with a diet containing 500 μg CLD kg(-1) during 42 d, followed by a depuration period of 35 d was carried out. Forty-four hens were sequentially slaughtered all over the experimental period and their liver, egg, abdominal fat and serum were collected. Two additional edible tissues, pectoral and leg muscles, were collected in hens slaughtered at the end of the contamination period. The depuration half-life of CLD in liver, egg, abdominal fat and serum was estimated at 5.0 ± 0.38 (mean ± SE), 5.5 ± 0.29, 5.3 ± 0.37 and 5.1 ± 0.66 d, respectively. CLD concentration at the end of the contamination period reached 1640 ± 274, 460 ± 41, 331 ± 23, and 213 ± 8.5 μg kg(-1) fresh matter (FM), respectively. The corresponding concentrations in pectoral and leg muscles were 119 ± 8.4, 127 ± 11 μg kg(-1) FM, respectively. The steady state carry over rate of CLD in eggs reached 43 ± 7.6%. This experiment demonstrates the preferential accumulation of CLD in liver, its significant transfer to eggs and its quite short half-life. It is concluded that raising hens on even mildly contaminated areas would lead to products exceeding the regulatory maximum residue limit of 20 μg CLD kg(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jondreville
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40402, F-54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40402, F-54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Maurice Mahieu
- INRA, URZ, UR 143, Domaine Duclos, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40402, F-54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Harry Archimède
- INRA, URZ, UR 143, Domaine Duclos, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Guido Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, UR AFPA, EA 3998, USC 340, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40402, F-54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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13
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Jurjanz S, Jondreville C, Mahieu M, Fournier A, Archimède H, Rychen G, Feidt C. Relative bioavailability of soil-bound chlordecone in growing lambs. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2014; 36:911-917. [PMID: 24729076 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of soil with the pesticide chlordecone (CLD) is a problem for the use of agricultural surfaces even years after its use has been forbidden. Therefore, the exposure of free-ranged animals such as ruminants needs to be investigated in order to assess the risk of contamination of the food chain. Indeed, measured concentrations could be integrated in a lowered extent if the soil binding would reduce the bioavailability of the pesticide. This bioavailability of soil-bound CLD in a heavily polluted andosol has been investigated relatively of CLD given via spiked oil. Twenty-four weaned lambs were exposed to graded doses of 2, 4 or 6 μg CLD/kg body weight during 15 days via the contaminated soil in comparison to spiked oil. The concentration of this pesticide has been determined in two target tissues: blood serum and kidney fat. The relative bioavailability (RBA) corresponds to the slope ratio between the test matrix-contaminated soil- in comparison to the reference matrix oil. The RBA of the soil-bound CLD was not found to significantly differ from the reference matrix oil in lambs meaning that the pesticide ingested by grazing ruminants would not be sequestered by soil binding. Therefore, CLD from soil gets bioavailable within the intestinal level and exposure to contaminated soil has to be integrated in risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jurjanz
- UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, USC 340, Université de Lorraine, INRA, ENSAIA 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, TSA 40602, 54518, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France,
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14
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Jondreville C, Lavigne A, Jurjanz S, Dalibard C, Liabeuf JM, Clostre F, Lesueur-Jannoyer M. Contamination of free-range ducks by chlordecone in Martinique (French West Indies): a field study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 493:336-341. [PMID: 24951891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The former use of chlordecone (CLD) in the French West Indies has resulted in long-term pollution of soils and subsequently of food chains. In contaminated areas, free-range ducks used to control weeds in orchards may be exposed to CLD through polluted soil ingestion. The question arises whether they may be consumed. Muscovy ducks were raised on a guava orchard planted on a soil moderately contaminated (410 μg CLD/kg dry matter). Ducks were raised indoor up to 6 weeks of age and allowed to range freely outdoors thereafter. Twenty-nine females were sequentially slaughtered by groups of 2 to 5 ducks, after 4, 16, 19, 22 or 26 weeks spent in the orchard or after 16-17 weeks in the orchard followed by 3, 6 or 9 weeks in a closed shelter for depuration. CLD concentration increased from 258 to 1051, 96 to 278, 60 to 169 and 48 to 145 μg/kg fresh matter (FM) as the exposure through grazing increased from 4 to 22 weeks, in liver, abdominal fat and leg with and without skin, respectively. Eggs collected in the orchard contained up to 1001 μg CLD/kg FM. All these values exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of 20 μg/kg FM. CLD concentration in all tissues was divided by around 10 within the 9-week confinement period. Despite this quite rapid decontamination, it is estimated that 12-13 weeks would be required to achieve the MRL in liver and in eggs, and 5-6 weeks in leg muscle. Such durations would be too long in practice. Thus, the consumption of products from free-range ducks should be avoided, even in areas mildly contaminated with CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Jondreville
- INRA, USC 340, URAFPA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; Université de Lorraine, USC 340, URAFPA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France.
| | - Anaïs Lavigne
- FREDON, Croix Rivail, Ducos, Martinique F-97224, France
| | - Stefan Jurjanz
- INRA, USC 340, URAFPA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France; Université de Lorraine, USC 340, URAFPA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54500, France
| | | | | | - Florence Clostre
- CIRAD, Unité HortSys, PRAM, Le Lamentin, Martinique F-97285, France
| | - Magalie Lesueur-Jannoyer
- CIRAD, Unité HortSys, PRAM, Le Lamentin, Martinique F-97285, France; CIRAD, Unité HortSys, Montpellier F-34398, France
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15
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Delannoy M, Rychen G, Fournier A, Jondreville C, Feidt C. Effects of condensed organic matter on PCBs bioavailability in juvenile swine, an animal model for young children. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 104:105-112. [PMID: 24289980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The exposure assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contaminated soils is a critical issue in terms of human health, especially since little reliable information on transfer of PCBs to humans via involuntary soil ingestion is available. Indeed, young children with their hand-to-mouth activity may be exposed to contaminated soils. The current study addresses the impact of soil organic matter (OM) condensation on bioavailability of sequestrated NDL-PCBs. Three artificial soils (ASs) were prepared according to OECD guideline 207. One standard soil (SS), devoid of OM, and two amended versions of this SS with fulvic acid (FA) or activated carbon (AC) were prepared to obtain 1% organic mass. This study involved fourteen juvenile male swine as a digestive physiology model of young children. Animals were randomly distributed into 4 contaminated groups (3 replicates) and a control one (2 replicates). During 10d, the piglets were fed AS or a corn oil spiked with 19200 ng of Aroclor 1254 per g of dry matter (6000 ng g(-1) of NDL-PCBs) to achieve an exposure dose of 1200 ng NDL-PCBskg(-1) of body weight per day. After 10d of oral exposure, NDL-PCBs in adipose tissue, liver and muscles were analyzed by GC-MS, after extraction and purification. Two distinct groups of treatments were found: on the one hand oil, SS and FA, on the other hand C and AC. This study highlights that condensed OM (AC) strongly reduces bioavailability whereas the less condensed one (FA) does not seem to have a significant effect. This result has to be considered as a first major step for further relative bioavailability studies involving mixture of different humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Delannoy
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Guido Rychen
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Catherine Jondreville
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Cyril Feidt
- Université de Lorraine, INRA USC 340, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602, 54 518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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16
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Bouveret C, Rychen G, Lerch S, Jondreville C, Feidt C. Relative bioavailability of tropical volcanic soil-bound chlordecone in piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:9269-9274. [PMID: 23992462 DOI: 10.1021/jf400697r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The application of chlordecone (CLD), a chlorinated polycyclic ketone pesticide, until 1993 in the French West Indies has resulted in long-term pollution of agricultural soils (10% of them exceed 1 mg kg(-1)). The aim of this study was to assess the impact of two tropical volcanic soils, an andosol and a nitisol, on CLD availability in piglets, using the relative bioavailability (RBA) approach. For both soils and relative to an oil matrix, RBA was close to 100%, indicating that CLD was not retained in the soil matrices during the piglet digestive process. Additionally, after a 14 day exposure period, liver and subcutaneous fat CLD concentrations exceeded the maximum residue limit (10 μg kg(-1) of fresh matter and 100 μg kg(-1) of fat for liver and subcutaneous fat, respectively) beyond a CLD ingestion of 2.1 and 6.8 μg CLD kg(-1) of body weight per day, respectively. Thus, rearing practices in CLD-contaminated areas should avoid involuntary soil ingestion by farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Bouveret
- Université de Lorraine, UR Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux, EA 3998, USC INRA 340, ENSAIA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40402, F-54518 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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