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Garbowski T, Brysiewicz A, Nosek J, Bar-Michalczyk D, Czerniejewski P. An Analysis of Hydromorphological Index for Rivers (HIR) Model Components, Based on a Hydromorphological Assessment of Watercourses in the Central European Plain. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 72:437-455. [PMID: 36650383 PMCID: PMC10287770 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the hydromorphological conditions of watercourses is a requirement of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and national river status monitors (e.g., in Poland,the State Environmental Monitoring, and Water Monitoring coordinated by Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection). This paper evaluates the hydromorphological status of 10 watercourses (30 measurement sections) in Poland based on the multimetric Hydromorphological Index for Rivers (HIR). A new approach to the delineation of the river valley (small watercourses) is proposed. An analysis of the influence of river valley management on the value of HIR and its components was carried out using statistical methods (basic statistics, Mann-Whitney U Test and Ward's cluster analysis). In addition, the relationship between the components of the HDS (Hydromorphological Diversity Score) and HMS (Hydromorphological Modification Score) was analyzed (Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient). HIR values for the watercourse sections ranged from 0.553 to 0.825. HDS values ranged from 27.5 to 75.5 and HMS from 2.0 to 17.5. The results of the basic statistical analyses showed slight differences between the two river valley delineation methods. The Mann-Whitney U Test showed a significant difference in the test significance level of the HDS, HMS and HIR for the river valley delineation methods. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that most of the HDS and HMS parameters components had a low degree of correlation. The juxtaposition of the two methods for delineating a river valley and its influence on the HIR allows for a better understanding of the interdependence between its parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Garbowski
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute Falenty, 3 Hrabska Avenue, Raszyn, 05-090, Poland.
| | - Adam Brysiewicz
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute Falenty, 3 Hrabska Avenue, Raszyn, 05-090, Poland
| | - Justyna Nosek
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute Falenty, 3 Hrabska Avenue, Raszyn, 05-090, Poland
| | - Dominika Bar-Michalczyk
- Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wybickiego 7A Street, Cracow, 31-261, Poland
| | - Przemysław Czerniejewski
- West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Department of Commodity, Quality Assessment, Process Engineering and Human Nutrition, 4 Kazimierza Królewicza Street, Szczecin, 71-550, Poland
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Multi-Criteria Decision Method for Sustainable Watercourse Management in Urban Areas. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12166493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid urban growth followed by disordered occupation has been generating significant impacts on cities, bringing losses of an economic and social nature that directly interfere with the well-being of the population. In this work, a proposal for local urban infrastructure problems associated with watercourse management is presented, comparing Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) techniques and Low-Impact Development (LID) concepts with alternative traditional interventions. The study addresses sustainable alternatives to cope with the urbanization of the Cehab’s open channel, which is an important urban watercourse tributary of the Muriaé River, at the municipality of Itaperuna, Rio de Janeiro—Brazil. The multi-criteria decision-making method called Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was applied here. The results highlighted the better performance of sustainable techniques when compared to the traditional ones, with an overall advantage of the geogrids and geocells for this case study. The obtained TOPSIS coefficients-C for these techniques were higher (0.59488, for Reach 1; and 0.68656, for Reach 2) than those for the others. This research, therefore, presented an important urban watercourse management methodology that can be further applied to guide sustainable investments and help the decision-making associated with the development of territories.
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Riley WD, Potter ECE, Biggs J, Collins AL, Jarvie HP, Jones JI, Kelly-Quinn M, Ormerod SJ, Sear DA, Wilby RL, Broadmeadow S, Brown CD, Chanin P, Copp GH, Cowx IG, Grogan A, Hornby DD, Huggett D, Kelly MG, Naura M, Newman JR, Siriwardena GM. Small Water Bodies in Great Britain and Ireland: Ecosystem function, human-generated degradation, and options for restorative action. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:1598-1616. [PMID: 30248877 PMCID: PMC6162339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Small, 1st and 2nd-order, headwater streams and ponds play essential roles in providing natural flood control, trapping sediments and contaminants, retaining nutrients, and maintaining biological diversity, which extend into downstream reaches, lakes and estuaries. However, the large geographic extent and high connectivity of these small water bodies with the surrounding terrestrial ecosystem makes them particularly vulnerable to growing land-use pressures and environmental change. The greatest pressure on the physical processes in these waters has been their extension and modification for agricultural and forestry drainage, resulting in highly modified discharge and temperature regimes that have implications for flood and drought control further downstream. The extensive length of the small stream network exposes rivers to a wide range of inputs, including nutrients, pesticides, heavy metals, sediment and emerging contaminants. Small water bodies have also been affected by invasions of non-native species, which along with the physical and chemical pressures, have affected most groups of organisms with consequent implications for the wider biodiversity within the catchment. Reducing the impacts and restoring the natural ecosystem function of these water bodies requires a three-tiered approach based on: restoration of channel hydromorphological dynamics; restoration and management of the riparian zone; and management of activities in the wider catchment that have both point-source and diffuse impacts. Such activities are expensive and so emphasis must be placed on integrated programmes that provide multiple benefits. Practical options need to be promoted through legislative regulation, financial incentives, markets for resource services and voluntary codes and actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Riley
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Edward C E Potter
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Jeremy Biggs
- Freshwater Habitats Trust, Bury Knowle House, North Place, Oxford, OX3 9HY, UK
| | - Adrian L Collins
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Helen P Jarvie
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - J Iwan Jones
- Queen Mary University of London, The River Laboratory, East Stoke, Wareham, Dorset BH20 6BB, UK
| | - Mary Kelly-Quinn
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- UK Cardiff School of Biosciences and Water Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - David A Sear
- Department of Geography & Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Robert L Wilby
- Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Samantha Broadmeadow
- Forestry Commission, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Colin D Brown
- Environment Department, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, Yorkshire YO10 5NG, UK
| | - Paul Chanin
- North View Cottage, Union Road, Crediton, Devon EX17 3AL, UK
| | - Gordon H Copp
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Ian G Cowx
- Hull International Fisheries Institute, School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, The University of Hull, Hull, East Yorkshire HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Adam Grogan
- RSPCA Wildlife Department, Wilberforce Way, Southwater, West Sussex RH13 9RS, UK
| | - Duncan D Hornby
- Department of GeoData, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Duncan Huggett
- Environment Agency, Lateral, 8 City Walk, Leeds, Yorkshire LS11 9AT, UK
| | | | - Marc Naura
- River Restoration Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Jonathan R Newman
- Waterland Management Ltd, 4a Spa Hill, Kirton Lindsey, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, DN21 4NE, UK
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Novoa J, Chokmani K, Lhissou R. A novel index for assessment of riparian strip efficiency in agricultural landscapes using high spatial resolution satellite imagery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1439-1451. [PMID: 30743856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Riparian strips are used worldwide to protect riverbanks and water quality in agricultural zones because of their numerous environmental benefits. A metric called Riparian Strip Quality Index, which is based on the percentage area of riparian vegetation, is used to evaluate their ecological condition. This index measures the potential capacity of riparian strips to filter sediments, retain pollutants, and provide shelter for terrestrial and aquatic species. This research aims to improve this metric by integrating the ability of riparian strips to intercept surface runoff, which is the major cause of water pollution and erosion in productive areas. In Canada and the Nordic countries, rapid surface drainage from snow melt and spring rains is often practiced to avoid production delays and losses. This reduces the efficiency of riparian buffer strips by promoting soil erosion due to concentrated runoff. A new proposed metric called Riparian Strip Efficiency Index (RSEI), incorporates not only land cover information, but topographic and hydrologic variables to model the intensity and spatial distribution of runoff streamflow, and the capability of riparian strips to retain sediments and pollutants. The research is performed over the La Chevrotière River Basin in the Portneuf municipality in Québec (Canada) using hydrological modeling, land cover and topographic data extracted from very high spatial resolution WorldView-2 imagery as a unique source of inputs. The results show that RSEI provides a better characterization of the ecosystem services of riparian strips in terms of pollutants filtration and prevention of soil erosion in agricultural areas. RSEI will allow a better management of agricultural practices such as drainage and land leveling. Further, it will provide to land managers information to monitor environmental changes and to prioritize intervention areas, which ultimately targets to ensure optimal allocation of private or public funds toward the most inefficient and threatened riparian strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Novoa
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, G1K 9A9 Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Karem Chokmani
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, G1K 9A9 Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Rachid Lhissou
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, G1K 9A9 Québec, QC, Canada
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Weigelhofer G, Ramião JP, Pitzl B, Bondar-Kunze E, O'Keeffe J. Decoupled water-sediment interactions restrict the phosphorus buffer mechanism in agricultural streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:44-52. [PMID: 29428859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to explore the effects of agriculture on the phosphorus buffer capacity of 11 headwater streams in Austria. We used phosphorus adsorption curves and re-suspension experiments to determine both, the potential of the sediments to act as phosphorus source or sink and the actual phosphorus exchange between water and sediments. Additionally, we determined the alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in epilithic and epipsammic biofilms as indicator for the phosphorus demand of the benthic and hyporheic community. We hypothesized that highly polluted streams will show decreased phosphorus buffer capacities, which were either due to saturation or restricted water-sediment interactions. Our results support the second hypothesis. Fine sediment accumulations, organic matter content, and phosphorus concentrations in water and sediments increased with percent cropland in the catchment. Below SRP concentrations of 120μgL-1 in the stream water, sediments showed a high potential for phosphorus release, with zero equilibrium phosphorus concentrations (EPC0) being more than twice as high as SRP concentrations. Above 150μgL-1, EPC0 reached only 20-50% of SRP concentrations, indicating a high potential of the sediments to act as phosphorus sinks. These findings were confirmed by phosphorus uptake of these sediments during re-suspension. While APA in epilithic biofilms decreased with increasing SRP concentrations, APA in epipsammic biofilms showed the reverse pattern, indicating a restricted phosphorus supply of the hyporheic community despite phosphorus surplus in the water column. Our study shows that inputs of fine sediments from agricultural sources may reduce the phosphorus buffering mechanism of stream sediments through restrictions of water-sediment interactions. Consequently, water column and sediment processes are increasingly decoupled and phosphorus-rich stream water will not effectively reach the reactive sites in the sediments responsible for uptake. Therefore, phosphorus mitigation measures in stream ecosystems must comprise sediment management in the catchment as well as in-stream measures for the rehabilitation of the hyporheic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Weigelhofer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biological Station GmbH, Dr Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - José Pedro Ramião
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Beate Pitzl
- WasserCluster Lunz - Biological Station GmbH, Dr Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Bondar-Kunze
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biological Station GmbH, Dr Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Joanna O'Keeffe
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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Flávio HM, Ferreira P, Formigo N, Svendsen JC. Reconciling agriculture and stream restoration in Europe: A review relating to the EU Water Framework Directive. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:378-395. [PMID: 28448914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is widespread across the EU and has caused considerable impacts on freshwater ecosystems. To revert the degradation caused to streams and rivers, research and restoration efforts have been developed to recover ecosystem functions and services, with the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) playing a significant role in strengthening the progress. Analysing recent peer-reviewed European literature (2009-2016), this review explores 1) the conflicts and difficulties faced when restoring agriculturally impacted streams, 2) the aspects relevant to effectively reconcile agricultural land uses and healthy riverine ecosystems and 3) the effects and potential shortcomings of the first WFD management cycle. Our analysis reveals significant progress in restoration efforts, but it also demonstrates an urgent need for a higher number and detail of restoration projects reported in the peer-reviewed literature. The first WFD cycle ended in 2015 without reaching the goal of good ecological status in many European water-bodies. Addressing limitations reported in recent papers, including difficulties in stakeholder integration and importance of small headwater streams, is crucial. Analysing recent developments on stakeholder engagement through structured participatory processes will likely reduce perception discrepancies and increase stakeholder interest during the next WFD planning cycle. Despite an overall dominance of nutrient-related research, studies are spreading across many important topics (e.g. stakeholder management, land use conflicts, climate change effects), which may play an important role in guiding future policy. Our recommendations are important for the second WFD cycle because they 1) help secure the development and dissemination of science-based restoration strategies and 2) provide guidance for future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Flávio
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal.
| | - P Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular EcoPhysiology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto (CIIMAR), Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - N Formigo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal
| | - J C Svendsen
- Section for Ecosystem based Marine Management, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund 2920, Denmark
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She D, Cao Y, Chen Q, Yu S. Characterizing scale-specific environmental factors affecting soil organic carbon along two landscape transects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18672-18683. [PMID: 27312896 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the most important soil properties affecting many other soil and environmental properties and processes. In order to understand and manage SOC effectively, it is important to identify the scale-specific main factors affecting SOC distributions, which in this study occurred in a watershed on the Loess Plateau. Two transects were selected that passed along the upper slopes on each side of the main gully of the Liudaogou watershed. Transect 1 (3411-m length) had 27 sampling sites at 131-m intervals; transect 2 (3597 m length) had 30 sampling sites at 124-m intervals. The two transects were chosen in order to compare landscape patterns of differing complexity that were in close proximity, which reduced the effects of factors that would be caused by different locations. The landscape of transect 1 was more complex due to the greater diversity in cultivation. Multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) decomposed the total variation in SOC and five selected environmental factors into four intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residual according to the scale of occurrence. Scale-specific correlation analysis was used to identify significant relationships between SOC and the environmental factors. The dominant scales were those that were the largest contributors to the total SOC variance; for transect 1, this was the IMF 1 (scale of 403 m), whereas for transect 2, it was the medium scale of the IMF 2 (scale of 688 m). For both transects, vegetation properties (vegetation cover and aboveground biomass) were the main factors affecting SOC distributions at their respective dominant scales. At each scale, the main effective factors could be identified although at the larger scales, their contributions to the overall variance were almost negligible. The distributions of SOC and the factors affecting it were found to be scale dependent. The results of this study highlighted the suitability of the MEMD method in revealing the main scale-specific factors that affect SOC distributions, which is necessary in understanding and managing this important soil property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli She
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention, Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang, 330029, China.
| | - Yutong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Shuang'en Yu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Hering D, Aroviita J, Baattrup-Pedersen A, Brabec K, Buijse T, Ecke F, Friberg N, Gielczewski M, Januschke K, Köhler J, Kupilas B, Lorenz AW, Muhar S, Paillex A, Poppe M, Schmidt T, Schmutz S, Vermaat J, Verdonschot PFM, Verdonschot RCM, Wolter C, Kail J. Contrasting the roles of section length and instream habitat enhancement for river restoration success: a field study of 20 European restoration projects. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hering
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Jukka Aroviita
- Freshwater Centre; Finnish Environment Institute; PO Box 413 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Annette Baattrup-Pedersen
- Department of Bioscience; Stream and Wetland Ecology; Aarhus University; Vejlsøvej 25 8600 Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Karel Brabec
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX); Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kamenice 753/5 pavilon A29 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Tom Buijse
- Department of Freshwater Ecology & Water Quality; DELTARES; PO Box 177 2600 MH Delft The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7050 75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Nikolai Friberg
- Department of Bioscience; Stream and Wetland Ecology; Aarhus University; Vejlsøvej 25 8600 Silkeborg Denmark
- Section for Freshwater Biology; Norwegian Institute for Water Research; Gaustadalleen 21 0349 Oslo Norway
| | - Marek Gielczewski
- Department of Civil Engineering; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Ul Nowoursynowska 166 02787 Warsaw Poland
| | - Kathrin Januschke
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Jan Köhler
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Müggelseedamm 310 12587 Berlin Germany
| | - Benjamin Kupilas
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Armin W. Lorenz
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Susanne Muhar
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; Max-Emanuel-Straße 17 1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Amael Paillex
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Sciences and Technology; Systems Analysis, Integrated Assessment and Modelling; PO Box 611 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Michaela Poppe
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; Max-Emanuel-Straße 17 1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Torsten Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Stefan Schmutz
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; Max-Emanuel-Straße 17 1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Jan Vermaat
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Norway's University of Life Sciences; PO Box 5003 1432 Ås Norway
- Section Earth Sciences and Economics; Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences; VU University; De Boelelaan 1087 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Christian Wolter
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Müggelseedamm 310 12587 Berlin Germany
| | - Jochem Kail
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
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Weigelhofer G, Hein T. Efficiency and detrimental side effects of denitrifying bioreactors for nitrate reduction in drainage water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13534-13545. [PMID: 25943519 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory column experiment was conducted to test the efficiency of denitrifying bioreactors for the nitrate (NO3-N) removal in drainage waters at different flow rates and after desiccation. In addition, we investigated detrimental side effects in terms of the release of nitrite (NO2-N), ammonium (NH4-N), phosphate (PO4-P), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), methane (CH4), and dinitrogen oxide (N2O). The NO3-N removal efficiency decreased with increasing NO3-N concentrations, increasing flow rates, and after desiccation. Bioreactors with purely organic fillings showed higher NO3-N removal rates (42.6-55.7 g NO3-N m(-3) day(-1)) than those with organic and inorganic fillings (6.5-21.4 g NO3-N m(-3) day(-1)). The release of NO2-N and DOC was considerable and resulted in concentrations of up to 800 μg NO2-N L(-1)and 25 mg DOC L(-1) in the effluent water. N2O concentrations increased by 4.0 to 15.3 μg N2O-N L(-1) between the influent and the effluent, while CH4 production rates were low. Our study confirms the high potential of denitrifying bioreactors to mitigate NO3-N pollution in drainage waters, but highlights also the potential risks for the environment.
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