1
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Gauthier G, Ehrich D, Belke-Brea M, Domine F, Alisauskas R, Clark K, Ecke F, Eide NE, Framstad E, Frandsen J, Gilg O, Henttonen H, Hörnfeldt B, Kataev GD, Menyushina IE, Oksanen L, Oksanen T, Olofsson J, Samelius G, Sittler B, Smith PA, Sokolov AA, Sokolova NA, Schmidt NM. Taking the beat of the Arctic: are lemming population cycles changing due to winter climate? Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232361. [PMID: 38351802 PMCID: PMC10865006 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Reports of fading vole and lemming population cycles and persisting low populations in some parts of the Arctic have raised concerns about the spread of these fundamental changes to tundra food web dynamics. By compiling 24 unique time series of lemming population fluctuations across the circumpolar region, we show that virtually all populations displayed alternating periods of cyclic/non-cyclic fluctuations over the past four decades. Cyclic patterns were detected 55% of the time (n = 649 years pooled across sites) with a median periodicity of 3.7 years, and non-cyclic periods were not more frequent in recent years. Overall, there was an indication for a negative effect of warm spells occurring during the snow onset period of the preceding year on lemming abundance. However, winter duration or early winter climatic conditions did not differ on average between cyclic and non-cyclic periods. Analysis of the time series shows that there is presently no Arctic-wide collapse of lemming cycles, even though cycles have been sporadic at most sites during the last decades. Although non-stationary dynamics appears a common feature of lemming populations also in the past, continued warming in early winter may decrease the frequency of periodic irruptions with negative consequences for tundra ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gauthier
- Department of Biology and Centre d’études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Dorothée Ehrich
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Belke-Brea
- Department of Geography, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory and Centre d’études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Florent Domine
- Department of Chemistry, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory and Centre d’études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec city, Québec, Canada
- CNRS-INSU, Paris, France
| | - Ray Alisauskas
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Karin Clark
- Environment and Natural Resources, Government of Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina E. Eide
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim/Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Framstad
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim/Oslo, Norway
| | - Jay Frandsen
- Western Arctic Field Unit, Parks Canada, Kingmingya, Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada
| | - Olivier Gilg
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Francheville, France
- Groupe de recherche en Écologie Arctique, Francheville, France
| | - Heikki Henttonen
- Terrestrial Population Dynamics, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lauri Oksanen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Alta, Norway
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tarja Oksanen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Alta, Norway
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Benoit Sittler
- Groupe de recherche en Écologie Arctique, Francheville, France
- Chair for Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul A. Smith
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aleksandr A. Sokolov
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Labytnangi, Russia
| | - Natalia A. Sokolova
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Labytnangi, Russia
| | - Niels M. Schmidt
- Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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2
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Fabri ND, Heesterbeek H, Cromsigt JPGM, Ecke F, Sprong H, Nijhuis L, Hofmeester TR, Hartemink N. Exploring the influence of host community composition on the outbreak potential of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102275. [PMID: 37922668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In large parts of the northern hemisphere, multiple deer species coexist, and management actions can strongly influence wild deer communities. Such changes may also indirectly influence other species in the community, such as small mammals and birds, because deer can have strong effects on their habitats and resources. Deer, small mammals and birds play an important role in the dynamics of tick-borne zoonotic diseases. It is, however, relatively underexplored how the abundance and composition of vertebrate communities may affect the outbreak potential, maintenance and circulation of tick-borne pathogens. In this study we focus on the outbreak potential by exploring how the basic reproduction number R0 for different tick-borne pathogens depends on host community composition. We used published data on co-varying roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) densities following a hunting ban, and different small mammal and bird densities, to investigate how the change in host community influences the R0 of four tick-borne pathogens: one non-zoonotic, namely Anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotype 2, and three zoonotic, namely A. phagocytophilum ecotype 1, Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii. We calculated R0 using a next generation matrix approach, and used elasticities to quantify the contributions to R0 of the different groups of host species. The value of R0 for A. phagocytophilum ecotype 1 was higher with high fallow deer density and low roe deer density, while it was the other way round for A. phagocytophilum ecotype 2. For B. afzelii, R0 was mostly related to the density of small mammals and for B. garinii it was mostly determined by bird density. Our results show that the effect of species composition is substantial in the outbreak potential of tick-borne pathogens. This implies that also management actions that change this composition, can (indirectly and unintentionally) affect the outbreak potential of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannet D Fabri
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Heesterbeek
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris P G M Cromsigt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden; Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lonneke Nijhuis
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim R Hofmeester
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nienke Hartemink
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Scholier T, Lavrinienko A, Brila I, Tukalenko E, Hindström R, Vasylenko A, Cayol C, Ecke F, Singh NJ, Forsman JT, Tolvanen A, Matala J, Huitu O, Kallio ER, Koskela E, Mappes T, Watts PC. Urban forest soils harbour distinct and more diverse communities of bacteria and fungi compared to less disturbed forest soils. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:504-517. [PMID: 36318600 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic changes to land use drive concomitant changes in biodiversity, including that of the soil microbiota. However, it is not clear how increasing intensity of human disturbance is reflected in the soil microbial communities. To address this issue, we used amplicon sequencing to quantify the microbiota (bacteria and fungi) in the soil of forests (n = 312) experiencing four different land uses, national parks (set aside for nature conservation), managed (for forestry purposes), suburban (on the border of an urban area) and urban (fully within a town or city), which broadly represent a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance. Alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi increased with increasing levels of anthropogenic disturbance, and was thus highest in urban forest soils and lowest in the national parks. The forest soil microbial communities were structured according to the level of anthropogenic disturbance, with a clear urban signature evident in both bacteria and fungi. Despite notable differences in community composition, there was little change in the predicted functional traits of urban bacteria. By contrast, urban soils exhibited a marked loss of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Soil pH was positively correlated with the level of disturbance, and thus was the strongest predictor of variation in alpha and beta diversity of forest soil communities, indicating a role of soil alkalinity in structuring urban soil microbial communities. Hence, our study shows how the properties of urban forest soils promote an increase in microbial diversity and a change in forest soil microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Scholier
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anton Lavrinienko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Laboratory of Food Systems Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ilze Brila
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Ecology and Genetics Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eugene Tukalenko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Rasmus Hindström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Ecology and Genetics Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrii Vasylenko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Claire Cayol
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.,The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Navinder J Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jukka T Forsman
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Matala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otso Huitu
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva R Kallio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Esa Koskela
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Phillip C Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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4
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Ecke F, Han BA, Hörnfeldt B, Khalil H, Magnusson M, Singh NJ, Ostfeld RS. Population fluctuations and synanthropy explain transmission risk in rodent-borne zoonoses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7532. [PMID: 36477188 PMCID: PMC9729607 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Population fluctuations are widespread across the animal kingdom, especially in the order Rodentia, which includes many globally important reservoir species for zoonotic pathogens. The implications of these fluctuations for zoonotic spillover remain poorly understood. Here, we report a global empirical analysis of data describing the linkages between habitat use, population fluctuations and zoonotic reservoir status in rodents. Our quantitative synthesis is based on data collated from papers and databases. We show that the magnitude of population fluctuations combined with species' synanthropy and degree of human exploitation together distinguish most rodent reservoirs at a global scale, a result that was consistent across all pathogen types and pathogen transmission modes. Our spatial analyses identified hotspots of high transmission risk, including regions where reservoir species dominate the rodent community. Beyond rodents, these generalities inform our understanding of how natural and anthropogenic factors interact to increase the risk of zoonotic spillover in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ecke
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden ,grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara A. Han
- grid.285538.10000 0000 8756 8029Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, 12545 USA
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hussein Khalil
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Magnusson
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden ,grid.494665.c0000 0001 1534 6096Swedish Forest Agency, Box 284, SE-901 06 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Navinder J. Singh
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard S. Ostfeld
- grid.285538.10000 0000 8756 8029Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, 12545 USA
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5
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Fabri ND, Sprong H, Heesterbeek H, Ecke F, Cromsigt JPGM, Hofmeester TR. The circulation of
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
ecotypes is associated with community composition of vertebrate hosts. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nannet Doreen Fabri
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands
| | - Hans Heesterbeek
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Joris Petrus Gerardus Marinus Cromsigt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geosciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Tim Ragnvald Hofmeester
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Forest Sciences Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
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6
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Ecke F, Khalil H, Evander M, Magnusson M, Niklasson B, Singh NJ, Hörnfeldt B. Puumala Orthohantavirus Infection Does Not Affect the Trapping Success of Its Reservoir Host. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2022; 22:297-299. [PMID: 35580214 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens might affect behavior of infected reservoir hosts and hence their trappability, which could bias population estimates of pathogen prevalence. In this study, we used snap-trapping data on Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV)-infected (n = 1619) and noninfected (n = 6940) bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from five vole cycles, normally representing increase, peak, and decline phase, to evaluate if infection status affected trapping success. If PUUV infection, as previously suggested, increases activity and/or mobility, we would expect a higher proportion of infected than noninfected specimens in the first trapping night. However, the proportion of PUUV-infected voles did not differ across the three trapping nights. We conclude that PUUV infection did not affect trapping success, confirming snap trapping as an appropriate trapping method for studies on PUUV prevalence and likely other orthohantaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Niklasson
- Jordbro Primary Health Care Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Navinder J Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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7
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Lwande OW, Thalin T, de Jong J, Sjödin A, Näslund J, Evander M, Ecke F. Alphacoronavirus in a Daubenton’s Myotis Bat (Myotis daubentonii) in Sweden. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030556. [PMID: 35336963 PMCID: PMC8953627 DOI: 10.3390/v14030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated a search for reservoirs and species potentially involved in back and forth transmission. Studies have postulated bats as one of the key reservoirs of coronaviruses (CoVs), and different CoVs have been detected in bats. So far, CoVs have not been found in bats in Sweden and we therefore tested whether they carry CoVs. In summer 2020, we sampled a total of 77 adult bats comprising 74 Myotis daubentonii, 2 Pipistrellus pygmaeus, and 1 M. mystacinus bats in southern Sweden. Blood, saliva and feces were sampled, processed and subjected to a virus next-generation sequencing target enrichment protocol. An Alphacoronavirus was detected and sequenced from feces of a M. daubentonii adult female bat. Phylogenetic analysis of the almost complete virus genome revealed a close relationship with Finnish and Danish strains. This was the first finding of a CoV in bats in Sweden, and bats may play a role in the transmission cycle of CoVs in Sweden. Focused and targeted surveillance of CoVs in bats is warranted, with consideration of potential conflicts between public health and nature conservation required as many bat species in Europe are threatened and protected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Therese Thalin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umea, Sweden; (T.T.); (F.E.)
| | - Johnny de Jong
- Swedish Biodiversity Centre (CBM), Department of Urban and Rural Development, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency FOI, 906 21 Umea, Sweden; (A.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Jonas Näslund
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Swedish Defence Research Agency FOI, 906 21 Umea, Sweden; (A.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umea, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umea, Sweden; (T.T.); (F.E.)
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8
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Sipari S, Khalil H, Magnusson M, Evander M, Hörnfeldt B, Ecke F. Climate change accelerates winter transmission of a zoonotic pathogen. Ambio 2022; 51:508-517. [PMID: 34228253 PMCID: PMC8800963 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many zoonotic diseases are weather sensitive, raising concern how their distribution and outbreaks will be affected by climate change. At northern high latitudes, the effect of global warming on especially winter conditions is strong. By using long term monitoring data (1980-1986 and 2003-2013) from Northern Europe on temperature, precipitation, an endemic zoonotic pathogen (Puumala orthohantavirus, PUUV) and its reservoir host (the bank vole, Myodes glareolus), we show that early winters have become increasingly wet, with a knock-on effect on pathogen transmission in its reservoir host population. Further, our study is the first to show a climate change effect on an endemic northern zoonosis, that is not induced by increased host abundance or distribution, demonstrating that climate change can also alter transmission intensity within host populations. Our results suggest that rainy early winters accelerate PUUV transmission in bank voles in winter, likely increasing the human zoonotic risk in the North.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saana Sipari
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Magnusson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Umeå University, Department of Clinical Microbiology, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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9
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Choudhury MI, Hallin S, Ecke F, Hubalek V, Juhanson J, Frainer A, McKie BG. Disentangling the roles of plant functional diversity and plaint traits in regulating plant nitrogen accumulation and denitrification in freshwaters. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maidul I. Choudhury
- Department Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural of Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sara Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural of Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Valerie Hubalek
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jaanis Juhanson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - André Frainer
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Framsenteret Tromsø Norway
| | - Brendan G. McKie
- Department Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural of Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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10
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Brila I, Lavrinienko A, Tukalenko E, Ecke F, Rodushkin I, Kallio ER, Mappes T, Watts PC. Low-level environmental metal pollution is associated with altered gut microbiota of a wild rodent, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Sci Total Environ 2021; 790:148224. [PMID: 34380250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mining and related industries are a major source of metal pollution. In contrast to the well-studied effects of exposure to metals on animal physiology and health, the impacts of environmental metal pollution on the gut microbiota of wild animals are virtually unknown. As the gut microbiota is a key component of host health, it is important to understand whether metal pollution can alter wild animal gut microbiota composition. Using a combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantification of metal levels in kidneys, we assessed whether multi-metal exposure (the sum of normalized levels of fifteen metals) was associated with changes in gut microbiota of wild bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from two locations in Finland. Exposure to increased metal load was associated with higher gut microbiota species diversity (α-diversity) and altered community composition (β-diversity), but not dispersion. Multi-metal exposure and increased levels of several metals (Cd, Hg, Pb and Se) were associated with differences in the abundance of microbial taxa, especially those within the families Clostridiales vadinBB60 group, Desulfovibrionaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Muribaculaceae and Ruminococcaceae. Our data indicate that even low-level metal pollution can affect the diversity of microbiota and be associated with deterministic differences in composition of host gut microbiota in wild animal populations. These findings highlight the need to study a broader range of metals and their cocktails that are more representative of the types of environmental exposure experienced by wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Brila
- Ecology and Genetics Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
| | - Anton Lavrinienko
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Eugene Tukalenko
- Ecology and Genetics Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu 90014, Finland; Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland; National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Science, Kyiv 04050, Ukraine
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ilia Rodushkin
- Division of Geosciences, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Aurorum 10, 977 75 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Eva R Kallio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland; School of Resource Wisdom, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Tapio Mappes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
| | - Phillip C Watts
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland
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11
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Fabri ND, Sprong H, Hofmeester TR, Heesterbeek H, Donnars BF, Widemo F, Ecke F, Cromsigt JPGM. Wild ungulate species differ in their contribution to the transmission of Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:360. [PMID: 34246293 PMCID: PMC8272276 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several ungulate species are feeding and propagation hosts for the tick Ixodes ricinus as well as hosts to a wide range of zoonotic pathogens. Here, we focus on Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.), two important pathogens for which ungulates are amplifying and dilution hosts, respectively. Ungulate management is one of the main tools to mitigate human health risks associated with these tick-borne pathogens. Across Europe, different species of ungulates are expanding their ranges and increasing in numbers. It is currently unclear if and how the relative contribution to the life-cycle of I. ricinus and the transmission cycles of tick-borne pathogens differ among these species. In this study, we aimed to identify these relative contributions for five European ungulate species. METHODS We quantified the tick load and collected ticks and spleen samples from hunted fallow deer (Dama dama, n = 131), moose (Alces alces, n = 15), red deer (Cervus elaphus, n = 61), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, n = 30) and wild boar (Sus scrofa, n = 87) in south-central Sweden. We investigated the presence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks and spleen samples using real-time PCR. We determined if ungulate species differed in tick load (prevalence and intensity) and in infection prevalence in their tissue as well as in the ticks feeding on them. RESULTS Wild boar hosted fewer adult female ticks than any of the deer species, indicating that deer are more important as propagation hosts. Among the deer species, moose had the lowest number of female ticks, while there was no difference among the other deer species. Given the low number of infected nymphs, the relative contribution of all ungulate species to the transmission of B. burgdorferi (s.l.) was low. Fallow deer, red deer and roe deer contributed more to the transmission of A. phagocytophilum than wild boar. CONCLUSIONS The ungulate species clearly differed in their role as a propagation host and in the transmission of B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum. This study provides crucial information for ungulate management as a tool to mitigate zoonotic disease risk and argues for adapting management approaches to the local ungulate species composition and the pathogen(s) of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannet D Fabri
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tim R Hofmeester
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hans Heesterbeek
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Björn F Donnars
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Widemo
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joris P G M Cromsigt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Singh NJ, Ecke F, Katzner T, Bagchi S, Sandström P, Hörnfeldt B. Consequences of migratory coupling of predators and prey when mediated by human actions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navinder J. Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Todd Katzner
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise ID USA
| | - Sumanta Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
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13
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Schneider J, Hoffmann B, Fevola C, Schmidt ML, Imholt C, Fischer S, Ecke F, Hörnfeldt B, Magnusson M, Olsson GE, Rizzoli A, Tagliapietra V, Chiari M, Reusken C, Bužan E, Kazimirova M, Stanko M, White TA, Reil D, Obiegala A, Meredith A, Drexler JF, Essbauer S, Henttonen H, Jacob J, Hauffe HC, Beer M, Heckel G, Ulrich RG. Geographical Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Bank Vole Hepaciviruses in Europe. Viruses 2021; 13:1258. [PMID: 34203238 PMCID: PMC8310187 DOI: 10.3390/v13071258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new diagnostic methods resulted in the discovery of novel hepaciviruses in wild populations of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus, syn. Clethrionomys glareolus). The naturally infected voles demonstrate signs of hepatitis similar to those induced by hepatitis C virus (HCV) in humans. The aim of the present research was to investigate the geographical distribution of bank vole-associated hepaciviruses (BvHVs) and their genetic diversity in Europe. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) screening revealed BvHV RNA in 442 out of 1838 (24.0%) bank voles from nine European countries and in one of seven northern red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus, syn. Clethrionomys rutilus). BvHV RNA was not found in any other small mammal species (n = 23) tested here. Phylogenetic and isolation-by-distance analyses confirmed the occurrence of both BvHV species (Hepacivirus F and Hepacivirus J) and their sympatric occurrence at several trapping sites in two countries. The broad geographical distribution of BvHVs across Europe was associated with their presence in bank voles of different evolutionary lineages. The extensive geographical distribution and high levels of genetic diversity of BvHVs, as well as the high population fluctuations of bank voles and occasional commensalism in some parts of Europe warrant future studies on the zoonotic potential of BvHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schneider
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.L.S.); (S.F.)
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (B.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Cristina Fevola
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.F.); (A.R.); (V.T.); (H.C.H.)
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie Luisa Schmidt
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.L.S.); (S.F.)
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian Imholt
- Vertebrate Research, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany; (C.I.); (D.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden; (F.E.); (B.H.); (M.M.); (G.E.O.)
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden; (F.E.); (B.H.); (M.M.); (G.E.O.)
| | - Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden; (F.E.); (B.H.); (M.M.); (G.E.O.)
| | - Gert E. Olsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden; (F.E.); (B.H.); (M.M.); (G.E.O.)
- Unit for Nature Conservation, County Administrative Board of Halland County, 30004 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Annapaola Rizzoli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.F.); (A.R.); (V.T.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Valentina Tagliapietra
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.F.); (A.R.); (V.T.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Mario Chiari
- Direzione Generale Welfare, U.O. Veterinaria, Piazza Città di Lombardia 1, 20124 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chantal Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Elena Bužan
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia;
- Environmental Protection College, 3320 Velenje, Slovenia
| | - Maria Kazimirova
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), 81438 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michal Stanko
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 04001 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Thomas A. White
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA2 0QZ, UK;
| | - Daniela Reil
- Vertebrate Research, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany; (C.I.); (D.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Anna Obiegala
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Anna Meredith
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK;
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Essbauer
- Department Virology and Rickettsiology, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937 Munich, Germany;
| | - Heikki Henttonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), 00791 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jens Jacob
- Vertebrate Research, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany; (C.I.); (D.R.); (J.J.)
| | - Heidi C. Hauffe
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (C.F.); (A.R.); (V.T.); (H.C.H.)
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (B.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Gerald Heckel
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (M.L.S.); (S.F.)
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14
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Meheretu Y, Granberg Å, Berhane G, Khalil H, Lwande OW, Mitiku M, Welegerima K, de Bellocq JG, Bryja J, Abreha H, Leirs H, Ecke F, Evander M. Prevalence of Orthohantavirus-Reactive Antibodies in Humans and Peri-Domestic Rodents in Northern Ethiopia. Viruses 2021; 13:1054. [PMID: 34199600 PMCID: PMC8226976 DOI: 10.3390/v13061054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012, Tigray orthohantavirus was discovered in Ethiopia, but its seasonal infection in small mammals, and whether it poses a risk to humans was unknown. The occurrence of small mammals, rodents and shrews, in human inhabitations in northern Ethiopia is affected by season and presence of stone bunds. We sampled small mammals in two seasons from low- and high-density stone bund fields adjacent to houses and community-protected semi-natural habitats in Atsbi and Hagere Selam, where Tigray orthohantavirus was first discovered. We collected blood samples from both small mammals and residents using filter paper. The presence of orthohantavirus-reactive antibodies in blood was then analyzed using immunofluorescence assay (human samples) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (small mammal samples) with Puumala orthohantavirus as antigen. Viral RNA was detected by RT-PCR using small mammal blood samples. Total orthohantavirus prevalence (antibodies or virus RNA) in the small mammals was 3.37%. The positive animals were three Stenocephalemys albipes rats (prevalence in this species = 13.04%). The low prevalence made it impossible to determine whether season and stone bunds were associated with orthohantavirus prevalence in the small mammals. In humans, we report the first detection of orthohantavirus-reactive IgG antibodies in Ethiopia (seroprevalence = 5.26%). S. albipes lives in close proximity to humans, likely increasing the risk of zoonotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Meheretu
- Department of Biology, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 3102, Ethiopia; (G.B.); (K.W.)
- Institute of Mountain Research & Development, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.G.d.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Åsa Granberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Gebregiorgis Berhane
- Department of Biology, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 3102, Ethiopia; (G.B.); (K.W.)
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden; (H.K.); (F.E.)
| | - Olivia Wesula Lwande
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden; (O.W.L.); (M.E.)
| | - Mengistu Mitiku
- College Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia; (M.M.); (H.A.)
| | - Kiros Welegerima
- Department of Biology, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 3102, Ethiopia; (G.B.); (K.W.)
| | - Joëlle Goüy de Bellocq
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.G.d.B.); (J.B.)
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Bryja
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.G.d.B.); (J.B.)
| | - Hagos Abreha
- College Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle P.O. Box 231, Ethiopia; (M.M.); (H.A.)
| | - Herwig Leirs
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden; (H.K.); (F.E.)
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden; (O.W.L.); (M.E.)
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15
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García-Girón J, Heino J, Baastrup-Spohr L, Bove CP, Clayton J, de Winton M, Feldmann T, Fernández-Aláez M, Ecke F, Grillas P, Hoyer MV, Kolada A, Kosten S, Lukács BA, Mjelde M, Mormul RP, Rhazi L, Rhazi M, Sass L, Xu J, Alahuhta J. Global patterns and determinants of lake macrophyte taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic beta diversity. Sci Total Environ 2020; 723:138021. [PMID: 32213415 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Documenting the patterns of biological diversity on Earth has always been a central challenge in macroecology and biogeography. However, for the diverse group of freshwater plants, such research program is still in its infancy. Here, we examined global variation in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic beta diversity patterns of lake macrophytes using regional data from six continents. A data set of ca. 480 lake macrophyte community observations, together with climatic, geographical and environmental variables, was compiled across 16 regions worldwide. We (a) built the very first phylogeny comprising most freshwater plant lineages; (b) exploited a wide array of functional traits that are important to macrophyte autoecology or that relate to lake ecosystem functioning; (c) assessed if different large-scale beta diversity patterns show a clear latitudinal gradient from the equator to the poles using null models; and (d) employed evolutionary and regression models to first identify the degree to which the studied functional traits show a phylogenetic signal, and then to estimate community-environment relationships at multiple spatial scales. Our results supported the notion that ecological niches evolved independently of phylogeny in macrophyte lineages worldwide. We also showed that taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity followed the typical global trend with higher diversity in the tropics. In addition, we were able to confirm that species, multi-trait and lineage compositions were first and foremost structured by climatic conditions at relatively broad spatial scales. Perhaps more importantly, we showed that large-scale processes along latitudinal and elevational gradients have left a strong footprint in the current diversity patterns and community-environment relationships in lake macrophytes. Overall, our results stress the need for an integrative approach to macroecology, biogeography and conservation biology, combining multiple diversity facets at different spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Girón
- Ecology Unit, University of León, Campus de Vegazana S/N, 24071 León, Spain.
| | - Jani Heino
- Finnish Environment Institute, Freshwater Centre, P.O. Box 413, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Lars Baastrup-Spohr
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100 København Ø, Denmark.
| | - Claudia P Bove
- Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940-040, Brazil
| | - John Clayton
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited, P.O. Box 11115, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Mary de Winton
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited, P.O. Box 11115, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Tõnu Feldmann
- Centre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 61117 Rannu, Tartumaa, Estonia.
| | | | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Patrick Grillas
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France.
| | - Mark V Hoyer
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Services, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL 32609, USA.
| | - Agnieszka Kolada
- Department of Freshwater Protection, Institute of Environmental Protection-National Research Institute, Krucza 5/11D, 00-548 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sarian Kosten
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Balázs A Lukács
- Department of Tisza River Research, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, DRI, Bem tér 18/C, Debrecen 4026, Hungary.
| | - Marit Mjelde
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Roger P Mormul
- Department of Biology, Research Group in Limnology, Ichthyology and Aquaculture-Nupélia, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Bloco H90, CEP-87020-900 Mringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Laila Rhazi
- Research Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnologies, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 avenue Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014 RP, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouhssine Rhazi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Moulay Ismail University, PB 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Laura Sass
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Janne Alahuhta
- Finnish Environment Institute, Freshwater Centre, P.O. Box 413, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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16
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Fevola C, Rossi C, Rosso F, Girardi M, Rosà R, Manica M, Delucchi L, Rocchini D, Garzon-Lopez CX, Arnoldi D, Bianchi A, Buzan E, Charbonnel N, Collini M, Ďureje L, Ecke F, Ferrari N, Fischer S, Gillingham EL, Hörnfeldt B, Kazimírová M, Konečný A, Maas M, Magnusson M, Miller A, Niemimaa J, Nordström Å, Obiegala A, Olsson G, Pedrini P, Piálek J, Reusken CB, Rizzolli F, Romeo C, Silaghi C, Sironen T, Stanko M, Tagliapietra V, Ulrich RG, Vapalahti O, Voutilainen L, Wauters L, Rizzoli A, Vaheri A, Jääskeläinen AJ, Henttonen H, Hauffe HC. Geographical Distribution of Ljungan Virus in Small Mammals in Europe. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:692-702. [PMID: 32487013 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2019.2542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ljungan virus (LV), which belongs to the Parechovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family, was first isolated from bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in Sweden in 1998 and proposed as a zoonotic agent. To improve knowledge of the host association and geographical distribution of LV, tissues from 1685 animals belonging to multiple rodent and insectivore species from 12 European countries were screened for LV-RNA using reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. In addition, we investigated how the prevalence of LV-RNA in bank voles is associated with various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We show that LV is widespread geographically, having been detected in at least one host species in nine European countries. Twelve out of 21 species screened were LV-RNA PCR positive, including, for the first time, the red vole (Myodes rutilus) and the root or tundra vole (Alexandromys formerly Microtus oeconomus), as well as in insectivores, including the bicolored white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) and the Valais shrew (Sorex antinorii). Results indicated that bank voles are the main rodent host for this virus (overall RT-PCR prevalence: 15.2%). Linear modeling of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could impact LV prevalence showed a concave-down relationship between body mass and LV occurrence, so that subadults had the highest LV positivity, but LV in older animals was less prevalent. Also, LV prevalence was higher in autumn and lower in spring, and the amount of precipitation recorded during the 6 months preceding the trapping date was negatively correlated with the presence of the virus. Phylogenetic analysis on the 185 base pair species-specific sequence of the 5' untranslated region identified high genetic diversity (46.5%) between 80 haplotypes, although no geographical or host-specific patterns of diversity were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fevola
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Fausta Rosso
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Matteo Girardi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Roberto Rosà
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center for Agriculture Food Environment-C3A, University of Trento and Fondazione E. Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Mattia Manica
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Luca Delucchi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Duccio Rocchini
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Center for Agriculture Food Environment-C3A, University of Trento and Fondazione E. Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Carol X Garzon-Lopez
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Ecology and Vegetation Physiology Group (EcoFiv), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniele Arnoldi
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bianchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e Dell'Emilia Romagna "Bruno Ubertini," Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Buzan
- Department of Biodiversity, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Nathalie Charbonnel
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Margherita Collini
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L'udovít Ďureje
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Studenec, Czech Republic
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicola Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan Fischer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Emma L Gillingham
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom.,Department of Climate Change and Health, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mária Kazimírová
- Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Institute of Zoology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adam Konečný
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miriam Maas
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department for Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jukka Niemimaa
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åke Nordström
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Obiegala
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gert Olsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paolo Pedrini
- Sezione Zoologia dei Vertebrati, MUSE-Museo delle Scienze, Trento, Italy
| | - Jaroslav Piálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Studenec, Czech Republic
| | - Chantal B Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Franco Rizzolli
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Claudia Romeo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cornelia Silaghi
- Comparative Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michal Stanko
- Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Institute of Zoology, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Institute of Parasitology, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Valentina Tagliapietra
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lucas Wauters
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Annapaola Rizzoli
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Antti Vaheri
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne J Jääskeläinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology and Immunology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heidi C Hauffe
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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17
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Ecke F, Johansson A, Forsman M, Khalil H, Magnusson M, Hörnfeldt B. Selective Predation by Owls on Infected Bank Voles ( Myodes glareolus) as a Possible Sentinel of Tularemia Outbreaks. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:630-632. [PMID: 32349636 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a widely spread zoonotic disease in the northern hemisphere, caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. In humans, tularemia is an acute febrile illness with incidence peaks in late summer to early autumn of outbreak years, but there is no early warning system in place that can reduce the impact of disease by providing timely risk information. In this study, we revisit previously unpublished data on F. tularensis in water, sediment, soil, and small mammals from 1984 in northern Sweden. In addition, we used human case data from the national surveillance system for tularemia in the same year. In the environmental and small mammal material, bank vole (Myodes glareolus) samples from urine and bladder were the only samples that tested positive for F. tularensis. The prevalence of F. tularensis among trapped bank voles was 13.5%, although all six bank voles that were retrieved from owl nest boxes in early May tested positive. Forty-two human tularemia cases were reported from August to December in 1984. Based on these results, we encourage investigating the potential role of tularemia-infected bank voles retrieved from owl nest boxes in spring as an early warning for outbreaks of tularemia among humans in summer and autumn of the same year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Forsman
- Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Department of Biological Agents, Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Umeå, Sweden
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18
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Ecke F, Benskin JP, Berglund ÅMM, de Wit CA, Engström E, Plassmann MM, Rodushkin I, Sörlin D, Hörnfeldt B. Spatio-temporal variation of metals and organic contaminants in bank voles (Myodes glareolus). Sci Total Environ 2020; 713:136353. [PMID: 31955071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination with metals and organic compounds is of increasing concern for ecosystem and human health. Still, our knowledge about spatial distribution, temporal changes and ecotoxicological fate of metals and organic contaminants in wildlife is limited. We studied concentrations of 69 elements and 50 organic compounds in 300 bank voles (Myodes glareolus), Europe's most common mammal, sampled in spring and autumn 2017-2018 in five monitoring areas, representing three biogeographic regions. In addition, we compared measured concentrations with previous results from bank voles sampled within the same areas in 1995-1997 and 2001. In general, our results show regional differences, but no consistent patterns among contaminants and study areas. The exception was for the lowest concentrations of organic contaminants (e.g. perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFOS), which were generally found in the northern Swedish mountain area. Concentrations of metals and organic contaminants in adults varied seasonally with most organic contaminants being higher in spring; likely induced by diet shifts but potentially also related to age differences. In addition, metal concentrations varied between organs (liver vs. kidney), age classes (juveniles vs. adults; generally higher in adults) as well as between males and females. Concentrations of chromium and nickel in kidney and liver in the northernmost mountain area were lower in 2017-2018 than in 1995-1997 and in three of four areas, lead concentrations were lower in 2017-2018 than in 2001. Current metal concentrations (except mercury) are not expected to negatively affect the voles. Concentrations of hexachlorobenzene displayed highest concentrations in 2001 in the mountains, while it was close to detection limit in 2017-2018. Likewise, PFOS concentrations decreased in the mountains and in south-central lowland forests between 2001 and 2017-2018. Our results suggest that season, age class and sex need to be considered when designing and interpreting results from monitoring programs targeting inorganic and organic contaminants in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa M M Berglund
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cynthia A de Wit
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Engström
- ALS Scandinavia AB, Aurorum 10, SE-977 75 Luleå, Sweden; Division of Geosciences, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Merle M Plassmann
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ilia Rodushkin
- ALS Scandinavia AB, Aurorum 10, SE-977 75 Luleå, Sweden; Division of Geosciences, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Dieke Sörlin
- ALS Scandinavia AB, Aurorum 10, SE-977 75 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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19
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Ehrich D, Schmidt NM, Gauthier G, Alisauskas R, Angerbjörn A, Clark K, Ecke F, Eide NE, Framstad E, Frandsen J, Franke A, Gilg O, Giroux MA, Henttonen H, Hörnfeldt B, Ims RA, Kataev GD, Kharitonov SP, Killengreen ST, Krebs CJ, Lanctot RB, Lecomte N, Menyushina IE, Morris DW, Morrisson G, Oksanen L, Oksanen T, Olofsson J, Pokrovsky IG, Popov IY, Reid D, Roth JD, Saalfeld ST, Samelius G, Sittler B, Sleptsov SM, Smith PA, Sokolov AA, Sokolova NA, Soloviev MY, Solovyeva DV. Documenting lemming population change in the Arctic: Can we detect trends? Ambio 2020; 49:786-800. [PMID: 31332767 PMCID: PMC6989711 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active. The sites were not evenly distributed with notably Russia and high Arctic Canada underrepresented. Abundance was monitored at all sites, but methods and levels of precision varied greatly. Other important attributes such as health, genetic diversity and potential drivers of population change, were often not monitored. There was no evidence that lemming populations were decreasing in general, although a negative trend was detected for low arctic populations sympatric with voles. To keep the pace of arctic change, we recommend maintaining long-term programmes while harmonizing methods, improving spatial coverage and integrating an ecosystem perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Ehrich
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Niels M. Schmidt
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gilles Gauthier
- Département de Biologie and Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Ray Alisauskas
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4 Canada
| | - Anders Angerbjörn
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Clark
- Environment and Natural Resources, PO Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9 Canada
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina E. Eide
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O.Box 5685, Torgard, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Framstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jay Frandsen
- Parks Canada, PO Box 1840, 81 Kingmingya, Inuvik, NT X0E0T0 Canada
| | - Alastair Franke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Olivier Gilg
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
- Groupe de recherche en Ecologie Arctique, 16 rue de Vernot, 21440 Francheville, France
| | - Marie-Andrée Giroux
- K.-C.-Irving Research Chair in Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development, Université de Moncton, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Heikki Henttonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rolf A. Ims
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gennadiy D. Kataev
- Laplandskii Nature Reserve, Per. Zelenyi 8, Monchegorsk, Murmansk Region Russia
| | | | - Siw T. Killengreen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Charles J. Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Richard B. Lanctot
- Migratory Bird Management Division, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 East Tudor Road, MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA
| | - Nicolas Lecomte
- K.-C.-Irving Research Chair in Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development, Université de Moncton, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | | | - Douglas W. Morris
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 954 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON PTB 5E1 Canada
| | - Guy Morrisson
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Lauri Oksanen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 1621, 9509 Alta, Norway
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Tarja Oksanen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 1621, 9509 Alta, Norway
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ivan G. Pokrovsky
- Max-Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg, 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Laboratory of Ornithology, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, 18 Portovaya Str, Magadan, 685000 Russia
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelenaya Gorka Str. 21, Labytnangi, Russia 629400
| | - Igor Yu. Popov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskij prosp, Moscow, Russia 119071
| | - Donald Reid
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 5T2 Canada
| | - James D. Roth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Sarah T. Saalfeld
- Migratory Bird Management Division, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 East Tudor Road, MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA
| | - Gustaf Samelius
- Snow Leopard Trust, 4649 Sunnyside Avenue North, Seattle, USA
| | - Benoit Sittler
- Chair for Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergey M. Sleptsov
- Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin Avenue, 41, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic Russia 677980
| | - Paul A. Smith
- National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Aleksandr A. Sokolov
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelenaya Gorka Str. 21, Labytnangi, Russia 629400
- Science Center for Arctic Studies, State Organization of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Salekhard, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Sokolova
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelenaya Gorka Str. 21, Labytnangi, Russia 629400
- Science Center for Arctic Studies, State Organization of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Salekhard, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Soloviev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Diana V. Solovyeva
- Laboratory of Ornithology, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, 18 Portovaya Str, Magadan, 685000 Russia
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20
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Ehrich D, Schmidt NM, Gauthier G, Alisauskas R, Angerbjörn A, Clark K, Ecke F, Eide NE, Framstad E, Frandsen J, Franke A, Gilg O, Giroux MA, Henttonen H, Hörnfeldt B, Ims RA, Kataev GD, Kharitonov SP, Killengreen ST, Krebs CJ, Lanctot RB, Lecomte N, Menyushina IE, Morris DW, Morrisson G, Oksanen L, Oksanen T, Olofsson J, Pokrovsky IG, Popov IY, Reid D, Roth JD, Saalfeld ST, Samelius G, Sittler B, Sleptsov SM, Smith PA, Sokolov AA, Sokolova NA, Soloviev MY, Solovyeva DV. Correction to: Documenting lemming population change in the Arctic: Can we detect trends? Ambio 2020; 49:801-804. [PMID: 31605369 PMCID: PMC6989706 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-019-01262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the original published article, some of the symbols in figure 1A were modified incorrectly during the typesetting and publication process. The correct version of the figure is provided in this correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Ehrich
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Niels M. Schmidt
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gilles Gauthier
- Département de Biologie and Centre d’Études Nordiques, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Ray Alisauskas
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 115 Perimeter Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X4 Canada
| | - Anders Angerbjörn
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Clark
- Environment and Natural Resources, PO Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9 Canada
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina E. Eide
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O.Box 5685, Torgard, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Framstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jay Frandsen
- Parks Canada, PO Box 1840, 81 Kingmingya, Inuvik, NT X0E0T0 Canada
| | - Alastair Franke
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, 751 General Services Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Olivier Gilg
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25000 Besançon, France
- Groupe de recherche en Ecologie Arctique, 16 rue de Vernot, 21440 Francheville, France
| | - Marie-Andrée Giroux
- K.-C.-Irving Research Chair in Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development, Université de Moncton, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | - Heikki Henttonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rolf A. Ims
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gennadiy D. Kataev
- Laplandskii Nature Reserve, Per. Zelenyi 8, Monchegorsk, Murmansk Region Russia
| | | | - Siw T. Killengreen
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Framstredet 39, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Charles J. Krebs
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Richard B. Lanctot
- Migratory Bird Management Division, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 East Tudor Road, MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA
| | - Nicolas Lecomte
- K.-C.-Irving Research Chair in Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development, Université de Moncton, 18 avenue Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9 Canada
| | | | - Douglas W. Morris
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 954 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON PTB 5E1 Canada
| | - Guy Morrisson
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Lauri Oksanen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 1621, 9509 Alta, Norway
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Tarja Oksanen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 1621, 9509 Alta, Norway
- Department of Biology, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ivan G. Pokrovsky
- Max-Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg, 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Laboratory of Ornithology, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, 18 Portovaya Str, Magadan, 685000 Russia
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelenaya Gorka Str. 21, Labytnangi, Russia 629400
| | - Igor Yu. Popov
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskij prosp, Moscow, Russia 119071
| | - Donald Reid
- Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, 169 Titanium Way, Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 5T2 Canada
| | - James D. Roth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Sarah T. Saalfeld
- Migratory Bird Management Division, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 East Tudor Road, MS 201, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA
| | - Gustaf Samelius
- Snow Leopard Trust, 4649 Sunnyside Avenue North, Seattle, USA
| | - Benoit Sittler
- Chair for Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergey M. Sleptsov
- Institute of Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin Avenue, 41, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic Russia 677980
| | - Paul A. Smith
- National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada
| | - Aleksandr A. Sokolov
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelenaya Gorka Str. 21, Labytnangi, Russia 629400
- Science Center for Arctic Studies, State Organization of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Salekhard, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Sokolova
- Arctic Research Station of Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zelenaya Gorka Str. 21, Labytnangi, Russia 629400
- Science Center for Arctic Studies, State Organization of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, Salekhard, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y. Soloviev
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119991
| | - Diana V. Solovyeva
- Laboratory of Ornithology, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, 18 Portovaya Str, Magadan, 685000 Russia
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21
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Magnusson M, Fischhoff IR, Ecke F, Hörnfeldt B, Ostfeld RS. Effect of spatial scale and latitude on diversity-disease relationships. Ecology 2020; 101:e02955. [PMID: 31840238 PMCID: PMC7078972 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural ecosystems provide humans with different types of ecosystem services, often linked to biodiversity. The dilution effect (DE) predicts a negative relationship between biodiversity and risk of infectious diseases of humans, other animals, and plants. We hypothesized that a stronger DE would be observed in studies conducted at smaller spatial scales, where biotic drivers may predominate, compared to studies at larger spatial scales where abiotic drivers may more strongly affect disease patterns. In addition, we hypothesized a stronger DE in studies from temperate regions at mid latitudes than in those from subtropical and tropical regions, due to more diffuse species interactions at low latitudes. To explore these hypotheses, we conducted a meta‐analysis of observational studies of diversity–disease relationships for animals across spatial scales and geographic regions. Negative diversity–disease relationships were significant at small (combined site and local), intermediate (combined landscape and regional), and large (combined continental and global) scales and the effect did not differ depending on size of the study areas. For the geographic region analysis, a strongly negative diversity–disease relationship was found in the temperate region while no effect was found in the subtropical and tropical regions. However, no overall effect of absolute latitude on the strength of the dilution effect was detected. Our results suggest that a negative diversity–disease relationship occurs across scales and latitudes and is especially strong in the temperate region. These findings may help guide future management efforts in lowering disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ilya R Fischhoff
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, New York, 12545, USA
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Richard S Ostfeld
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Millbrook, New York, 12545, USA
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22
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Iversen LL, Winkel A, Baastrup-Spohr L, Hinke AB, Alahuhta J, Baattrup-Pedersen A, Birk S, Brodersen P, Chambers PA, Ecke F, Feldmann T, Gebler D, Heino J, Jespersen TS, Moe SJ, Riis T, Sass L, Vestergaard O, Maberly SC, Sand-Jensen K, Pedersen O. Catchment properties and the photosynthetic trait composition of freshwater plant communities. Science 2019; 366:878-881. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Unlike in land plants, photosynthesis in many aquatic plants relies on bicarbonate in addition to carbon dioxide (CO2) to compensate for the low diffusivity and potential depletion of CO2 in water. Concentrations of bicarbonate and CO2 vary greatly with catchment geology. In this study, we investigate whether there is a link between these concentrations and the frequency of freshwater plants possessing the bicarbonate use trait. We show, globally, that the frequency of plant species with this trait increases with bicarbonate concentration. Regionally, however, the frequency of bicarbonate use is reduced at sites where the CO2 concentration is substantially above the air equilibrium, consistent with this trait being an adaptation to carbon limitation. Future anthropogenic changes of bicarbonate and CO2 concentrations may alter the species compositions of freshwater plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. L. Iversen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - A. Winkel
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L. Baastrup-Spohr
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. B. Hinke
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J. Alahuhta
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - S. Birk
- Aquatic Ecology, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - P. Brodersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P. A. Chambers
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - F. Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T. Feldmann
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - D. Gebler
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Poznán University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J. Heino
- Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. S. Jespersen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S. J. Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - T. Riis
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L. Sass
- Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - S. C. Maberly
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | - K. Sand-Jensen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O. Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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23
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Ecke F, Nematollahi Mahani SA, Evander M, Hörnfeldt B, Khalil H. Wildfire-induced short-term changes in a small mammal community increase prevalence of a zoonotic pathogen? Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12459-12470. [PMID: 31788190 PMCID: PMC6875567 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural disturbances like droughts and fires are important determinants of wildlife community structure and are suggested to have important implications for prevalence of wildlife-borne pathogens. After a major wildfire affecting >1,600 ha of boreal forest in Sweden in 2006, we took the rare opportunity to study the short-term response (2007-2010 and 2015) of small mammal community structure, population dynamics, and prevalence of the Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) hosted by bank voles (Myodes glareolus). We performed snap-trapping in permanent trapping plots in clear-cuts (n = 3), unburnt reference forests (n = 7), and the fire area (n = 7) and surveyed vegetation and habitat structure. Small mammal species richness was low in all habitats (at maximum three species per trapping session), and the bank vole was the only small mammal species encountered in the fire area after the first postfire year. In autumns of years of peak rodent densities, the trapping index of bank voles was lowest in the fire area, and in two of three peak-density years, it was highest in clear-cuts. Age structure of bank voles varied among forest types with dominance of overwintered breeders in the fire area in the first postfire spring. PUUV infection probability in bank voles was positively related to vole age. Infection probability was highest in the fire area due to low habitat complexity in burnt forests, which possibly increased encounter rate among bank voles. Our results suggest that forest fires induce cascading effects, including fast recovery/recolonization of fire areas by generalists like bank voles, impoverished species richness of small mammals, and altered prevalence of a rodent-borne zoonotic pathogen. Our pilot study suggests high human infection risk upon encountering a bank vole in the fire area, however, with even higher overall risk in unburnt forests due to their higher vole numbers. OPEN RESEARCH BADGES This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally-shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at https://osf.io/6fsy3/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | | | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, VirologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
- Institute of Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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24
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Khalil H, Ecke F, Evander M, Bucht G, Hörnfeldt B. Population Dynamics of Bank Voles Predicts Human Puumala Hantavirus Risk. Ecohealth 2019; 16:545-557. [PMID: 31309365 PMCID: PMC6858908 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Predicting risk of zoonotic diseases, i.e., diseases shared by humans and animals, is often complicated by the population ecology of wildlife host(s). We here demonstrate how ecological knowledge of a disease system can be used for early prediction of human risk using Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) in bank voles (Myodes glareolus), which causes Nephropathia epidemica (NE) in humans, as a model system. Bank vole populations at northern latitudes exhibit multiannual fluctuations in density and spatial distribution, a phenomenon that has been studied extensively. Nevertheless, existing studies predict NE incidence only a few months before an outbreak. We used a time series on cyclic bank vole population density (1972-2013), their PUUV infection rates (1979-1986; 2003-2013), and NE incidence in Sweden (1990-2013). Depending on the relationship between vole density and infection prevalence (proportion of infected animals), either overall density of bank voles or the density of infected bank voles may be used to predict seasonal NE incidence. The density and spatial distribution of voles at density minima of a population cycle contribute to the early warning of NE risk later at its cyclic peak. When bank voles remain relatively widespread in the landscape during cyclic minima, PUUV can spread from a high baseline during a cycle, culminating in high prevalence in bank voles and potentially high NE risk during peak densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Bucht
- Swedish Defense Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Law
- Biological & Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
| | - Oded Levanoni
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Nigel J. Willby
- Biological & Environmental Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
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26
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Magnusson M, Samelius G, Hörnfeldt B, Ecke F. Diet shift in bank voles induced by competition from grey-sided voles? Integr Zool 2018; 14:376-382. [PMID: 30585416 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Grey-sided voles (Myodes rufocanus) and bank voles (Myodes glareolus) co-exist in boreal forests in northern Scandinavia. Previous studies suggest that the 2 species interact interspecifically, the grey-sided vole being the dominant species. We tested the hypothesis that bank voles shift their diet due to competition with the dominant grey-sided vole by studying stable isotope ratios in both species. Muscle samples were taken from voles in patches of old forest occupied by only bank voles and patches of old forest occupied by both grey-sided voles and bank voles. We found that: (i) stable isotope ratios of bank voles differed in areas with and without grey-sided voles; and that (ii) the stable isotope ratios of bank voles were more similar to those of grey-sided voles in areas where grey-sided voles were absent. Our data suggests that grey-sided voles forced bank voles to change their diet due to interspecific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Samelius
- Snow Leopard Trust, Seattle, USA.,Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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27
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Alahuhta J, Lindholm M, Bove CP, Chappuis E, Clayton J, de Winton M, Feldmann T, Ecke F, Gacia E, Grillas P, Hoyer MV, Johnson LB, Kolada A, Kosten S, Lauridsen T, Lukács BA, Mjelde M, Mormul RP, Rhazi L, Rhazi M, Sass L, Søndergaard M, Xu J, Heino J. Global patterns in the metacommunity structuring of lake macrophytes: regional variations and driving factors. Oecologia 2018; 188:1167-1182. [PMID: 30374676 PMCID: PMC6244864 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We studied community-environment relationships of lake macrophytes at two metacommunity scales using data from 16 regions across the world. More specifically, we examined (a) whether the lake macrophyte communities respond similar to key local environmental factors, major climate variables and lake spatial locations in each of the regions (i.e., within-region approach) and (b) how well can explained variability in the community-environment relationships across multiple lake macrophyte metacommunities be accounted for by elevation range, spatial extent, latitude, longitude, and age of the oldest lake within each metacommunity (i.e., across-region approach). In the within-region approach, we employed partial redundancy analyses together with variation partitioning to investigate the relative importance of local variables, climate variables, and spatial location on lake macrophytes among the study regions. In the across-region approach, we used adjusted R2 values of the variation partitioning to model the community-environment relationships across multiple metacommunities using linear regression and commonality analysis. We found that niche filtering related to local lake-level environmental conditions was the dominant force structuring macrophytes within metacommunities. However, our results also revealed that elevation range associated with climate (increasing temperature amplitude affecting macrophytes) and spatial location (likely due to dispersal limitation) was important for macrophytes based on the findings of the across-metacommunities analysis. These findings suggest that different determinants influence macrophyte metacommunities within different regions, thus showing context dependency. Moreover, our study emphasized that the use of a single metacommunity scale gives incomplete information on the environmental features explaining variation in macrophyte communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Alahuhta
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
- Finnish Environment Institute, Freshwater Centre, P.O. Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Marja Lindholm
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Claudia P Bove
- Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, 20940‒040, Brazil
| | - Eglantine Chappuis
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - John Clayton
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited, P.O. Box 11115, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Mary de Winton
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Limited, P.O. Box 11115, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Tõnu Feldmann
- Centre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 61117, Rannu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7050, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Esperança Gacia
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/accés a la Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain
| | - Patrick Grillas
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean wetlands, Le Sambuc, 13200, Arles, France
| | - Mark V Hoyer
- Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Services, University of Florida, 7922 NW 71st Street, Gainesville, FL, 32609, USA
| | - Lucinda B Johnson
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN, 55811, USA
| | - Agnieszka Kolada
- Department of Freshwater Protection, Institute of Environmental Protection‒National Research Institute, Krucza 5/11D, 00-548, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sarian Kosten
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Lauridsen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Balázs A Lukács
- Department of Tisza River Research, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Bem tér 18/C, Debrecen, 4026, Hungary
| | - Marit Mjelde
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roger P Mormul
- Department of Biology, Research Group in Limnology, Ichthyology and Aquaculture-Nupélia, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, Bloco H90, CEP-87020-900, Mringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Laila Rhazi
- Laboratory of Botany, Mycology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 4 avenue Ibn Battouta, B.P. 1014 RP, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouhssine Rhazi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Moulay Ismail University, PB 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Laura Sass
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Martin Søndergaard
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jani Heino
- Finnish Environment Institute, Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 413, 90014, Oulu, Finland
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28
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Willby NJ, Law A, Levanoni O, Foster G, Ecke F. Rewilding wetlands: beaver as agents of within-habitat heterogeneity and the responses of contrasting biota. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0444. [PMID: 30348871 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem engineers can increase biodiversity by creating novel habitat supporting species that would otherwise be absent. Their more routine activities further influence the biota occupying engineered habitats. Beavers are well-known for transforming ecosystems through dam building and are therefore increasingly being used for habitat restoration, adaptation to climate extremes and in long-term rewilding. Abandoned beaver ponds (BP) develop into meadows or forested wetlands that differ fundamentally from other terrestrial habitats and thus increase landscape diversity. Active BP, by contrast, are superficially similar to other non-engineered shallow wetlands, but ongoing use and maintenance might affect how BP contribute to aquatic biodiversity. We explored the 'within-habitat' effect of an ecosystem engineer by comparing active BP in southern Sweden with coexisting other wetlands (OW), using sedentary (plants) and mobile (water beetles) organisms as indicators. BP differed predictably from OW in environmental characteristics and were more heterogeneous. BP supported more plant species at plot (+15%) and site (+33%) scales, and plant beta diversity, based on turnover between plots, was 17% higher than in OW, contributing to a significantly larger species pool in BP (+17%). Beetles were not differentiated between BP and OW based on diversity measures but were 26% more abundant in BP. Independent of habitat creation beaver are thus significant agents of within-habitat heterogeneity that differentiates BP from other standing water habitat; as an integral component of the rewilding of wetlands re-establishing beaver should benefit aquatic biodiversity across multiple scales.This article is part of the theme issue 'Trophic rewilding: consequences for ecosystems under global change'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Willby
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Alan Law
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Oded Levanoni
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Garth Foster
- Aquatic Coleoptera Conservation Trust, 3 Eglinton Terrace, Ayr KA7 1JJ, UK
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7050, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
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29
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Choudhury MI, McKie BG, Hallin S, Ecke F. Mixtures of macrophyte growth forms promote nitrogen cycling in wetlands. Sci Total Environ 2018; 635:1436-1443. [PMID: 29710596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of aquatic plant diversity in regulating nutrient cycling in wetlands remains poorly understood. We investigated how variation in macrophyte growth form (emerging, submerged and bryophyte) combinations and species mixtures affect nitrogen (N) removal from the water and N accumulation in plant biomass. We conducted a wetland mesocosm experiment for 100 days during July-September 2015. Twelve species were grown in mono- and in two-species mixed cultures for a total of 32 single and two-growth form combinations. Nitrogen removal from the water was quantified on three occasions during the experiment, while N accumulation in plant biomass was determined following termination of the experiment. The number of species and growth forms present increased N removal and accumulation. The growth form combinations of emerging and bryophyte species showed the highest N accumulation and N removal from water, followed by combinations of emerging species. By contrast, submerged species growing in the presence of emerging or other submerged species showed the lowest levels of N accumulation and N removal. Temporal variation in N removal also differed among growth form combinations: N removal was highest for emerging-bryophyte combinations in July, but peaked for the emerging-submerged and emerging-bryophyte combinations in August. Indeed, the occurrence of complementarity among macrophyte species, particularly in combinations of bryophyte and emerging species, enhanced N removal and uptake during the entire growing season. Our study highlights the importance of bryophytes, which have been neglected in research on nutrient cycling in wetlands, for aquatic N cycling, especially given their worldwide distribution across biomes. Overall, our findings point towards the potential important role of the diversity of macrophyte growth forms in regulating key ecosystem processes related to N cycling in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidul I Choudhury
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Brendan G McKie
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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30
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Ecke F, Berglund ÅMM, Rodushkin I, Engström E, Pallavicini N, Sörlin D, Nyholm E, Hörnfeldt B. Seasonal shift of diet in bank voles explains trophic fate of anthropogenic osmium? Sci Total Environ 2018; 624:1634-1639. [PMID: 29079088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet shifts are common in mammals and birds, but little is known about how such shifts along the food web affect contaminant exposure. Voles are staple food for many mammalian and avian predators. There is therefore a risk of transfer of contaminants accumulated in voles within the food chain. Osmium is one of the rarest earth elements with osmium tetroxide (OsO4) as the most toxic vapor-phase airborne contaminant. Anthropogenic OsO4 accumulates in fruticose lichens that are important winter food of bank voles (Myodes glareolus). Here, we test if a) anthropogenic osmium accumulates in bank voles in winter, and b) accumulation rates and concentrations are lower in autumn when the species is mainly herbivorous. Our study, performed in a boreal forest impacted by anthropogenic osmium, supported the hypotheses for all studied tissues (kidney, liver, lung, muscle and spleen) in 50 studied bank voles. In autumn, osmium concentrations in bank voles were even partly similar to those in the graminivorous field vole (Microtus agrestis; n=14). In autumn but not in late winter/early spring, osmium concentrations were generally negatively correlated with body weight and root length of the first mandible molar, i.e. proxies of bank vole age. Identified negative correlations between organ-to-body weight ratios and osmium concentrations in late winter/early spring indicate intoxication. Our results suggest unequal accumulation risk for predators feeding on different cohorts of bank voles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Åsa M M Berglund
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Emma Engström
- ALS Scandinavia AB, Aurorum 10, SE-97775 Luleå, Sweden
| | | | - Dieke Sörlin
- ALS Scandinavia AB, Aurorum 10, SE-97775 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Erik Nyholm
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
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Khalil H, Olsson G, Magnusson M, Evander M, Hörnfeldt B, Ecke F. Spatial prediction and validation of zoonotic hazard through micro-habitat properties: where does Puumala hantavirus hole - up? BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:523. [PMID: 28747170 PMCID: PMC5530527 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To predict the risk of infectious diseases originating in wildlife, it is important to identify habitats that allow the co-occurrence of pathogens and their hosts. Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) is a directly-transmitted RNA virus that causes hemorrhagic fever in humans, and is carried and transmitted by the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). In northern Sweden, bank voles undergo 3–4 year population cycles, during which their spatial distribution varies greatly. Methods We used boosted regression trees; a technique inspired by machine learning, on a 10 – year time-series (fall 2003–2013) to develop a spatial predictive model assessing seasonal PUUV hazard using micro-habitat variables in a landscape heavily modified by forestry. We validated the models in an independent study area approx. 200 km away by predicting seasonal presence of infected bank voles in a five-year-period (2007–2010 and 2015). Results The distribution of PUUV-infected voles varied seasonally and inter-annually. In spring, micro-habitat variables related to cover and food availability in forests predicted both bank vole and infected bank vole presence. In fall, the presence of PUUV-infected voles was generally restricted to spruce forests where cover was abundant, despite the broad landscape distribution of bank voles in general. We hypothesize that the discrepancy in distribution between infected and uninfected hosts in fall, was related to higher survival of PUUV and/or PUUV-infected voles in the environment, especially where cover is plentiful. Conclusions Moist and mesic old spruce forests, with abundant cover such as large holes and bilberry shrubs, also providing food, were most likely to harbor infected bank voles. The models developed using long-term and spatially extensive data can be extrapolated to other areas in northern Fennoscandia. To predict the hazard of directly transmitted zoonoses in areas with unknown risk status, models based on micro-habitat variables and developed through machine learning techniques in well-studied systems, could be used. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2618-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogmarksgränd, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Gert Olsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogmarksgränd, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogmarksgränd, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogmarksgränd, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogmarksgränd, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Gerda Nilssons väg 5, 756 51, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ecke F, Angeler DG, Magnusson M, Khalil H, Hörnfeldt B. Dampening of population cycles in voles affects small mammal community structure, decreases diversity, and increases prevalence of a zoonotic disease. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5331-5342. [PMID: 28770071 PMCID: PMC5528244 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term decline and depression of density in cyclic small rodents is a recent widespread phenomenon. These observed changes at the population level might have cascading effects at the ecosystem level. Here, we assessed relationships between changing boreal landscapes and biodiversity changes of small mammal communities. We also inferred potential effects of observed community changes for increased transmission risk of Puumala virus (PUUV) spread, causing the zoonotic disease nephropatica epidemica in humans. Analyses were based on long-term (1971-2013) monitoring data of shrews and voles representing 58 time series in northern Sweden. We calculated richness, diversity, and evenness at alpha, beta, and gamma level, partitioned beta diversity into turnover (species replacement) and nestedness (species addition/removal), used similarity percentages (SIMPER) analysis to assess community structure, and calculated the cumulated number of PUUV-infected bank voles and average PUUV prevalence (percentage of infected bank voles) per vole cycle. Alpha, beta, and gamma richness and diversity of voles, but not shrews, showed long-term trends that varied spatially. The observed patterns were associated with an increase in community contribution of bank vole (Myodes glareolus), a decrease of gray-sided vole (M. rufocanus) and field vole (Microtus agrestis) and a hump-shaped variation in contribution of common shrew (Sorex araneus). Long-term biodiversity changes were largely related to changes in forest landscape structure. Number of PUUV-infected bank voles in spring was negatively related to beta and gamma diversity, and positively related to turnover of shrews (replaced by voles) and to community contribution of bank voles. The latter was also positively related to average PUUV prevalence in spring. We showed that long-term changes in the boreal landscape contributed to explain the decrease in biodiversity and the change in structure of small mammal communities. In addition, our results suggest decrease in small mammal diversity to have knock-on effects on dynamics of infectious diseases among small mammals with potential implications for disease transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - David G. Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental StudiesSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
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Ecke F, Singh NJ, Arnemo JM, Bignert A, Helander B, Berglund ÅMM, Borg H, Bröjer C, Holm K, Lanzone M, Miller T, Nordström Å, Räikkönen J, Rodushkin I, Ågren E, Hörnfeldt B. Sublethal Lead Exposure Alters Movement Behavior in Free-Ranging Golden Eagles. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:5729-5736. [PMID: 28414429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lead poisoning of animals due to ingestion of fragments from lead-based ammunition in carcasses and offal of shot wildlife is acknowledged globally and raises great concerns about potential behavioral effects leading to increased mortality risks. Lead levels in blood were correlated with progress of the moose hunting season. Based on analyses of tracking data, we found that even sublethal lead concentrations in blood (25 ppb, wet weight), can likely negatively affect movement behavior (flight height and movement rate) of free-ranging scavenging Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). Lead levels in liver of recovered post-mortem analyzed eagles suggested that sublethal exposure increases the risk of mortality in eagles. Such adverse effects on animals are probably common worldwide and across species, where game hunting with lead-based ammunition is widespread. Our study highlights lead exposure as a considerably more serious threat to wildlife conservation than previously realized and suggests implementation of bans of lead ammunition for hunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Navinder J Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon M Arnemo
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences , Campus Evenstad, NO-2480 Koppang, Norway
| | - Anders Bignert
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Björn Helander
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa M M Berglund
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University , SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hans Borg
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, ACES, Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Bröjer
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Holm
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, ACES, Stockholm University , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Lanzone
- Cellular Tracking Technologies, Rio Grande, New Jersey 08242, United States
| | - Tricia Miller
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Åke Nordström
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jannikke Räikkönen
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Erik Ågren
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , SE-90183 Umeå, Sweden
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Khalil H, Ecke F, Evander M, Magnusson M, Hörnfeldt B. Declining ecosystem health and the dilution effect. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31314. [PMID: 27499001 PMCID: PMC4976314 DOI: 10.1038/srep31314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The “dilution effect” implies that where species vary in susceptibility to infection by a pathogen, higher diversity often leads to lower infection prevalence in hosts. For directly transmitted pathogens, non-host species may “dilute” infection directly (1) and indirectly (2). Competitors and predators may (1) alter host behavior to reduce pathogen transmission or (2) reduce host density. In a well-studied system, we tested the dilution of the zoonotic Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) by two competitors and a predator. Our study was based on long-term PUUV infection data (2003–2013) in northern Sweden. The field vole (Microtus agrestis) and the common shrew (Sorex araneus) are bank vole competitors and Tengmalm’s owl (Aegolius funereus) is a main predator of bank voles. Infection probability in bank voles decreased when common shrew density increased, suggesting that common shrews reduced PUUV transmission. Field voles suppressed bank vole density in meadows and clear-cuts and indirectly diluted PUUV infection. Further, Tengmalm’s owl decline in 1980–2013 may have contributed to higher PUUV infection rates in bank voles in 2003–2013 compared to 1979–1986. Our study provides further evidence for dilution effect and suggests that owls may have an important role in reducing disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogmarksgränd, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogmarksgränd, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Gerda Nilssons väg 5, SE-756 51 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, SE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogmarksgränd, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogmarksgränd, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Alahuhta J, Ecke F, Johnson LB, Sass L, Heino J. A comparative analysis reveals little evidence for niche conservatism in aquatic macrophytes among four areas on two continents. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Janne Alahuhta
- Dept of Geography; Univ. of Oulu; PO Box 3000 FI-90014 University of Oulu Finland
- Finnish Environment Inst.; Freshwater Centre; Oulu Finland
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Dept of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lucinda B. Johnson
- Natural Resources Research Inst.; Univ. of Minnesota Duluth; Duluth MN USA
| | - Laura Sass
- Prairie Research Inst., Illinois Natural History Survey; Univ. of Illinois; Champaign IL USA
| | - Jani Heino
- Finnish Environment Inst.; Natural Environment Centre; Biodiversity Oulu Finland
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Khalil H, Ecke F, Evander M, Hörnfeldt B. Selective predation on hantavirus-infected voles by owls and confounding effects from landscape properties. Oecologia 2016; 181:597-606. [PMID: 26873607 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that predators may protect human health through reducing disease-host densities or selectively preying on infected individuals from the population. However, this has not been tested empirically. We hypothesized that Tengmalm's owl (Aegolius funereus) selectively preys on hantavirus-infected individuals of its staple prey, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Bank voles are hosts of Puumala hantavirus, which causes a form of hemorrhagic fever in humans. Selective predation by owls on infected voles may reduce human disease risk. We compared the prevalence of anti-Puumala hantavirus antibodies (seroprevalence), in bank voles cached by owls in nest boxes to seroprevalence in voles trapped in closed-canopy forest around each nest box. We found no general difference in seroprevalence. Forest landscape structure could partly account for the observed patterns in seroprevalence. Only in more connected forest patches was seroprevalence in bank voles cached in nest boxes higher than seroprevalence in trapped voles. This effect disappeared with increasing forest patch isolation, as seroprevalence in trapped voles increased with forest patch isolation, but did not in cached voles. Our results suggest a complex relationship between zoonotic disease prevalence in hosts, their predators, and landscape structure. Some mechanisms that may have caused the seroprevalence patterns in our results include higher bank vole density in isolated forest patches. This study offers future research potential to shed further light on the contribution of predators and landscape properties to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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Hallin S, Hellman M, Choudhury MI, Ecke F. Relative importance of plant uptake and plant associated denitrification for removal of nitrogen from mine drainage in sub-arctic wetlands. Water Res 2015; 85:377-83. [PMID: 26360231 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen (N) species released from undetonated ammonium-nitrate based explosives used in mining or other blasting operations are an emerging environmental problem. Wetlands are frequently used to treat N-contaminated water in temperate climate, but knowledge on plant-microbial interactions and treatment potential in sub-arctic wetlands is limited. Here, we compare the relative importance of plant uptake and denitrification among five plant species commonly occurring in sub-arctic wetlands for removal of N in nitrate-rich mine drainage in northern Sweden. Nitrogen uptake and plant associated potential denitrification activity and genetic potential for denitrification based on quantitative PCR of the denitrification genes nirS, nirK, nosZI and nosZII were determined in plants growing both in situ and cultivated in a growth chamber. The growth chamber and in situ studies generated similar results, suggesting high relevance and applicability of results from growth chamber experiments. We identified denitrification as the dominating pathway for N-removal and abundances of denitrification genes were strong indicators of plant associated denitrification activity. The magnitude and direction of the effect differed among the plant species, with the aquatic moss Drepanocladus fluitans showing exceptionally high ratios between denitrification and uptake rates, compared to the other species. However, to acquire realistic estimates of N-removal potential of specific wetlands and their associated plant species, the total plant biomass needs to be considered. The species-specific plant N-uptake and abundance of denitrification genes on the root or plant surfaces were affected by the presence of other plant species, which show that both multi- and inter-trophic interactions are occurring. Future studies on N-removal potential of wetland plant species should consider how to best exploit these interactions in sub-arctic wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hallin
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Hellman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maidul I Choudhury
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Environmental Assessment, Uppsala, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Environmental Assessment, Uppsala, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Levanoni O, Bishop K, Mckie BG, Hartman G, Eklöf K, Ecke F. Impact of Beaver Pond Colonization History on Methylmercury Concentrations in Surface Water. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:12679-12687. [PMID: 26450629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg) in freshwater ecosystems are of major environmental concern in large parts of the northern hemisphere. Beaver ponds have been identified as a potentially important source of MeHg. The role of beavers might be especially pronounced in large parts of Europe, where beaver populations have expanded rapidly following near-extirpation. This study evaluates the role of the age and colonization history (encompassing patterns of use and reuse) of ponds constructed by the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber in regulating MeHg concentrations in Swedish streams. In 12 beaver systems located in three regions, we quantified MeHg concentrations together with other relevant parameters on five occasions per year in 2012-2013. Five were pioneer systems, inundated for the first time since beaver extirpation, and seven were recolonized, with dams reconstructed by newly recolonizing beavers. MeHg concentrations in pioneer but not in recolonized beaver systems were up to 3.5 fold higher downstream than upstream of the ponds, and varied between seasons and years. Our results show that pioneer inundation by beavers can increase MeHg concentrations in streams, but that this effect is negligible when dams are reconstructed on previously used ponds. We therefore expect that the recovery and expansion of beavers in the boreal system will only have a transitional effect on MeHg in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Levanoni
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Earth Sciences, Air Water and Landscape Sciences, Villavägen 16, Uppsala University , SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brendan G Mckie
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Hartman
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Eklöf
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, (SLU) , SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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Khalil H, Hörnfeldt B, Evander M, Magnusson M, Olsson G, Ecke F. Dynamics and drivers of hantavirus prevalence in rodent populations. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2015; 14:537-51. [PMID: 25072983 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human encroachment on wildlife habitats has contributed to the emergence of several zoonoses. Pathogenic hantaviruses are hosted by rodents and cause severe diseases in the Americas and Eurasia. We reviewed several factors that potentially drive prevalence (the proportion of infected rodents) in host populations. These include demography, behavior, host density, small mammal diversity, predation, and habitat and landscape characteristics. This review is the first to include a quantitative summary of the literature investigating hantavirus prevalence in rodents. Demographic structure and density were investigated the most and predation the least. Reported effects of demographic structure and small mammal diversity were consistent, whereby reproductive males were most likely to be infected and prevalence decreased with small mammal diversity. The influences of habitat and landscape properties are often complex and indirect. The relationship between density and prevalence merits more investigation. Most hantavirus hosts are habitat generalists and their control is challenging. Incorporating all potential factors and their interactions is essential to understanding and controlling infection in host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Khalil
- 1 Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Umeå, Sweden
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Hering D, Aroviita J, Baattrup-Pedersen A, Brabec K, Buijse T, Ecke F, Friberg N, Gielczewski M, Januschke K, Köhler J, Kupilas B, Lorenz AW, Muhar S, Paillex A, Poppe M, Schmidt T, Schmutz S, Vermaat J, Verdonschot PFM, Verdonschot RCM, Wolter C, Kail J. Contrasting the roles of section length and instream habitat enhancement for river restoration success: a field study of 20 European restoration projects. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hering
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Jukka Aroviita
- Freshwater Centre; Finnish Environment Institute; PO Box 413 90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Annette Baattrup-Pedersen
- Department of Bioscience; Stream and Wetland Ecology; Aarhus University; Vejlsøvej 25 8600 Silkeborg Denmark
| | - Karel Brabec
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX); Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kamenice 753/5 pavilon A29 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Tom Buijse
- Department of Freshwater Ecology & Water Quality; DELTARES; PO Box 177 2600 MH Delft The Netherlands
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Box 7050 75007 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Nikolai Friberg
- Department of Bioscience; Stream and Wetland Ecology; Aarhus University; Vejlsøvej 25 8600 Silkeborg Denmark
- Section for Freshwater Biology; Norwegian Institute for Water Research; Gaustadalleen 21 0349 Oslo Norway
| | - Marek Gielczewski
- Department of Civil Engineering; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Ul Nowoursynowska 166 02787 Warsaw Poland
| | - Kathrin Januschke
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Jan Köhler
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Müggelseedamm 310 12587 Berlin Germany
| | - Benjamin Kupilas
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Armin W. Lorenz
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Susanne Muhar
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; Max-Emanuel-Straße 17 1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Amael Paillex
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Sciences and Technology; Systems Analysis, Integrated Assessment and Modelling; PO Box 611 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Michaela Poppe
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; Max-Emanuel-Straße 17 1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Torsten Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Stefan Schmutz
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna; Max-Emanuel-Straße 17 1180 Vienna Austria
| | - Jan Vermaat
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Norway's University of Life Sciences; PO Box 5003 1432 Ås Norway
- Section Earth Sciences and Economics; Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences; VU University; De Boelelaan 1087 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Christian Wolter
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries; Müggelseedamm 310 12587 Berlin Germany
| | - Jochem Kail
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; University of Duisburg-Essen; 45117 Essen Germany
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Magnusson M, Ecke F, Khalil H, Olsson G, Evander M, Niklasson B, Hörnfeldt B. Spatial and temporal variation of hantavirus bank vole infection in managed forest landscapes. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es15-00039.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Khalil H, Olsson G, Ecke F, Evander M, Hjertqvist M, Magnusson M, Löfvenius MO, Hörnfeldt B. The importance of bank vole density and rainy winters in predicting nephropathia epidemica incidence in Northern Sweden. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111663. [PMID: 25391132 PMCID: PMC4229113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae, genus Hantavirus) are rodent-borne viruses causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia. In Europe, there are more than 10,000 yearly cases of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of HFRS caused by Puumala virus (PUUV). The common and widely distributed bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is the host of PUUV. In this study, we aim to explain and predict NE incidence in boreal Sweden using bank vole densities. We tested whether the number of rainy days in winter contributed to variation in NE incidence. We forecast NE incidence in July 2013–June 2014 using projected autumn vole density, and then considering two climatic scenarios: 1) rain-free winter and 2) winter with many rainy days. Autumn vole density was a strong explanatory variable of NE incidence in boreal Sweden in 1990–2012 (R2 = 79%, p<0.001). Adding the number of rainy winter days improved the model (R2 = 84%, p<0.05). We report for the first time that risk of NE is higher in winters with many rainy days. Rain on snow and ground icing may block vole access to subnivean space. Seeking refuge from adverse conditions and shelter from predators, voles may infest buildings, increasing infection risk. In a rainy winter scenario, we predicted 812 NE cases in boreal Sweden, triple the number of cases predicted in a rain-free winter in 2013/2014. Our model enables identification of high risk years when preparedness in the public health sector is crucial, as a rainy winter would accentuate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Khalil
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Gert Olsson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Evander
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Birger Hörnfeldt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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Magnusson M, Bergsten A, Ecke F, Bodin O, Bodin L, Hörnfeldt B. Predicting grey-sided vole occurrence in northern Sweden at multiple spatial scales. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:4365-76. [PMID: 24340178 PMCID: PMC3856737 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Forestry is continually changing the habitats for many forest-dwelling species around the world. The grey-sided vole (Myodes rufocanus) has declined since the 1970s in forests of northern Sweden. Previous studies suggested that this might partly be caused by reduced focal forest patch size due to clear-cutting. Proximity and access to old pine forest and that microhabitats often contains stones have also been suggested previously but never been evaluated at multiple spatial scales. In a field study in 2010–2011 in northern Sweden, we investigated whether occurrence of grey-sided voles would be higher in (1) large focal patches of >60 years old forest, (2) in patches with high connectivity to surrounding patches, and (3) in patches in proximity to stone fields. We trapped animals in forest patches in two study areas (Västerbotten and Norrbotten). At each trap station, we surveyed structural microhabitat characteristics. Landscape-scale features were investigated using satellite-based forest data combined with geological maps. Unexpectedly, the vole was almost completely absent in Norrbotten. The trap sites in Norrbotten had a considerably lower amount of stone holes compared with sites with voles in Västerbotten. We suggest this might help to explain the absence in Norrbotten. In Västerbotten, the distance from forest patches with voles to stone fields was significantly shorter than from patches without voles. In addition, connectivity to surrounding patches and size of the focal forest patches was indeed related to the occurrence of grey-sided voles, with connectivity being the overall best predictor. Our results support previous findings on the importance of large forest patches, but also highlight the importance of connectivity for occurrence of grey-sided voles. The results further suggest that proximity to stone fields increase habitat quality of the forests for the vole and that the presence of stone fields enhances the voles' ability to move between nearby forest patches through the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Magnusson
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå, Sweden
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Cornulier T, Yoccoz NG, Bretagnolle V, Brommer JE, Butet A, Ecke F, Elston DA, Framstad E, Henttonen H, Hörnfeldt B, Huitu O, Imholt C, Ims RA, Jacob J, Jędrzejewska B, Millon A, Petty SJ, Pietiäinen H, Tkadlec E, Zub K, Lambin X. Europe-wide dampening of population cycles in keystone herbivores. Science 2013; 340:63-6. [PMID: 23559246 DOI: 10.1126/science.1228992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Suggestions of collapse in small herbivore cycles since the 1980s have raised concerns about the loss of essential ecosystem functions. Whether such phenomena are general and result from extrinsic environmental changes or from intrinsic process stochasticity is currently unknown. Using a large compilation of time series of vole abundances, we demonstrate consistent cycle amplitude dampening associated with a reduction in winter population growth, although regulatory processes responsible for cyclicity have not been lost. The underlying syndrome of change throughout Europe and grass-eating vole species suggests a common climatic driver. Increasing intervals of low-amplitude small herbivore population fluctuations are expected in the future, and these may have cascading impacts on trophic webs across ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cornulier
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
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Chlot S, Widerlund A, Siergieiev D, Ecke F, Husson E, Öhlander B. Modelling nitrogen transformations in waters receiving mine effluents. Sci Total Environ 2011; 409:4585-4595. [PMID: 21816451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a biogeochemical model developed for a clarification pond receiving ammonium nitrogen rich discharge water from the Boliden concentration plant located in northern Sweden. Present knowledge about nitrogen (N) transformations in lakes is compiled in a dynamic model that calculates concentrations of the six N species (state variables) ammonium-N (N(am)), nitrate-N (N(ox)), dissolved organic N in water (N(org)), N in phytoplankton (N(pp)), in macrophytes (N(mp)) and in sediment (N(sed)). It also simulates the rate of 16 N transformation processes occurring in the water column and sediment as well as water-sediment and water-atmosphere interactions. The model was programmed in the software Powersim using 2008 data, whilst validation was performed using data from 2006 to 2007. The sensitivity analysis showed that the state variables are most sensitive to changes in the coefficients related to the temperature dependence of the transformation processes. A six-year simulation of N(am) showed stable behaviour over time. The calibrated model rendered coefficients of determination (R(2)) of 0.93, 0.79 and 0.86 for N(am), N(ox) and N(org), respectively. Performance measures quantitatively expressing the deviation between modelled and measured data resulted in values close to zero, indicating a stable model structure. The simulated denitrification rate was on average five times higher than the ammonia volatilisation rate and about three times higher than the permanent burial of N(sed) and, hence, the most important process for the permanent removal of N. The model can be used to simulate possible measures to reduce the nitrogen load and, after some modification and recalibration, it can be applied at other mine sites affected by N rich effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chlot
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
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Johnigk SA, Ecke F, Poehling M, Ehlers RU. Liquid culture mass production of biocontrol nematodes, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda: Rhabditida): improved timing of dauer juvenile inoculation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 64:651-8. [PMID: 14727090 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-003-1519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2003] [Accepted: 11/21/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is used in biological control of soil-borne insect pests in horticulture and turf. Mass production is carried out in monoxenic liquid cultures pre-incubated with the symbiont of the nematodes, the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens, before nematode dauer juveniles (DJ) are inoculated. As a response to bacterial food signals, the DJ recover from the developmentally arrested dauer stage, grow to adults and produce DJ offspring. Variable DJ recovery after inoculation into cultures of P. luminescens often causes process failure due to low numbers of adult nematodes in the medium. In order to enhance DJ recovery, improve nematode population management and increase yields, the optimal timing for DJ inoculation was sought. The process parameter pH and respiration quotient (RQ) were recorded in order to test whether changes can be used to identify the best moment for DJ inoculation. When DJ were inoculated during the lag and early logarithmic growth phases of P. luminescens cultures, DJ recovery was low and almost no nematode reproduction was obtained. High populations of P. luminescens phase variants were recorded. Recovery and yields increased when DJ were inoculated during the latter log phase during which the RQ dropped to values <0.8 and the pH reached a maximum. The highest DJ recovery and yields were observed in cultures that were inoculated during the late stationary growth phase. This period started with the increase of the pH after its distinct minimum at pH <8.0. Thus optimal timing for DJ inoculation can be defined through monitoring of the pH in the P. luminescens culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-A Johnigk
- Department for Biotechnology and Biological Control, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24223, Raisdorf, Germany
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Ecke F, Löfgren O, Sörlin D. Population dynamics of small mammals in relation to forest age and structural habitat factors in northern Sweden. J Appl Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00759.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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