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Zang Akono AR, Blaise N, Valery HG. Preparation of a Carbon paste electrode with Active materials for the detection of Tetracycline. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28471. [PMID: 38560244 PMCID: PMC10981106 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Electrochemical sensor based on carbon-clay paste electrode (CCPE) was constructed for sensitive determination of Tetracycline (Tc). The mineralogical composition, morphology, structure and performance of CCPE were characterized using X-ray diffraction powder, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Cyclic Voltammetry analysis. The CCPE is constituted of two types of clay having the ratio 1/1 and 2/1 characteristic of kaolinite and montmorillonite clay respectively. Its porous structure is ascribed to the presence of graphite. The CCPE exhibited a good electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of Tc. The electrochemical kinetics and mechanism of Tc were proposed, showing that Tc electrocatalytic oxidation reaction was controlled by diffusion process and took place in three steps. A low concentration of Tc was detected by amperometry with the linear ranges of 0.5μM-0.8 μM (R2 = 0.98), the sensitivity was 8.01 μA/μM.cm2, the limit of detection and quantification were 5.16x10-3μM(S/N = 3) and 1.72x10-2μM respectively. Thus, the proposed electrode provides a promising and prospective CCPE sensing platform for the detection of Tc in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niraka Blaise
- Department of Textile and Leather Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Hambate Gomdje Valery
- Department of Textile and Leather Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Cameroon
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Niu C, Yan M, Yao Z, Dou J. Antibiotic residues in milk and dairy products in China: occurrence and human health concerns. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:113138-113150. [PMID: 37851252 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Although veterinary antibiotics are essential in preventing and treating clinical diseases in cattle, the frequent use of antibiotics leads to antibiotic residues in milk and dairy products, consequently threatening human health. The massive milk consumption makes it necessary to assess antibiotic pollution and health impact comprehensively. Hence, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate antibiotics in milk and dairy products and their potential health risk. We searched four databases using multiple keyword combinations to retrieve 1582 pieces of literature and finally included eighteen articles to analyze antibiotic residues in milk and dairy products. These studies detected seven antibiotics in different regions of China. Quinolones and β-lactam antibiotics exceeded the MRL for raw and commercial milk. The maximum levels of sulfonamides and tetracyclines were detected in the same raw milk sample, exceeding the MRL. The estimated THQ and HI values in milk and dairy products are less than 1 for adults, indicating negligible noncarcinogenic health risk of antibiotics through consuming milk and dairy products. Children face higher health risks than adults, with the HI and THQ of quinolones exceeding 1. It is worth noting that quinolones accounted for nearly 89% of health risks associated with all antibiotics. Finally, we put forward possible research directions in the future, such as specific health effects of total dietary exposure to low levels of antibiotics. In addition, policymakers should effectively improve this problem from the perspectives of antibiotic use supervision, antibiotic residue analysis in food, and continuous environmental monitoring and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Niu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Meilin Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Jiahang Dou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
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Widiastuti R, Martindah E, Anastasia Y. Tetracycline residues in fresh dairy milk from three districts in Indonesia: Occurrence and dietary exposure assessment. Vet World 2023; 16:2230-2235. [PMID: 38152253 PMCID: PMC10750746 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2230-2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Milk can introduce antibiotics into the human diet which poses a public health risk. Therefore, a study to determine the tetracycline residue in dairy milk and its health risk assessment is needed. A cross-sectional study was performed to detect tetracycline residues in fresh dairy milk samples collected from the districts of Malang, Boyolali, and Padang Panjang, Indonesia, and to evaluate dietary exposure to tetracycline residues through milk consumption in 10-12-year-old children and adults. Materials and Methods A total of 203 fresh dairy milk samples were collected from local and smallholder dairy cows in Malang, Boyolali, and Padang Panjang in April and August 2018. High-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array at 355 and 368 nm was used to detect tetracycline residues. Data were evaluated for dietary exposure assessment. Results The results showed that the most common residue found was chlortetracycline (8.37%), followed by tetracycline (7.88%) and oxytetracycline (5.91%) in the concentration range of 14.8-498.4, 11.7-49.4, and 11.6-85.6 ng/g, respectively. Seven (3.45%) samples exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) for chlortetracycline. However, neither oxytetracycline nor tetracycline residues exceeded the MRL. The mean concentration of the tetracycline residues was 21.76-137.05 ng/g, resulting in an estimated daily intake of 16.46-172.83 ng/kg body weight/day. Conclusion Tetracycline residues were found in almost all milk sampling locations. The highest prevalence and residue concentration were obtained from chlortetracycline. Estimated daily intake of tetracycline through milk by 10-12-year-old children and adult consumers was low and the risk to consumers was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaella Widiastuti
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Kab. Bogor 16911, Indonesia
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Jl. RE Martadinata 30, Bogor 16114, Indonesia
| | - Eny Martindah
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Kab. Bogor 16911, Indonesia
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Jl. RE Martadinata 30, Bogor 16114, Indonesia
| | - Yessy Anastasia
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM. 46, Cibinong, Kab. Bogor 16911, Indonesia
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Ministry of Agriculture, Jl. RE Martadinata 30, Bogor 16114, Indonesia
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Spisso BF, Pereira MU, Ferreira RG, Silva FRN, Arisseto-Bragotto AP. Tetracyclines in pasteurized milk commercialized in São Paulo, Brazil: occurrence and dietary risk assessment based on single and combined exposure with polyether ionophores. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS. PART B, SURVEILLANCE 2022; 15:254-265. [PMID: 35861122 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2022.2090616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyclines and polyether ionophores are veterinary drugs frequently used in animals reared for food production. Despite the benefits, residues can be harmful for human health if levels are higher than those considered safe. The aim of this study was to evaluate, by LC-MS/MS, tetracyclines residues in pasteurised milk samples marketed in São Paulo state, Brazil and estimate the exposure of the adult/adolescent/children population. Within the eight antibiotics monitored two were detected, tetracycline and 4-epitetracycline, found in 22.5% and 12.5% of the samples, respectively. Since the same samples had been previously tested for polyether ionophore residues, risk assessment based on dietary exposure to tetracyclines when considered individually and in combination with the ionophores was performed. The daily intakes were below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for tetracycline. Considering the levels of monensin reported in a previous study, the combined exposure with tetracycline and 4-epi-tetracycline also indicated low potential health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardete Ferraz Spisso
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (INCQS/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mararlene Ulberg Pereira
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (INCQS/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana Gomes Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (INCQS/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Antibiotics have long been used for the prevention and treatment of common diseases and for prophylactic purposes in dairy animals. However, in recent decades it has become a matter of concern due to the widespread belief that there has been an abuse or misuse of these drugs in animals and that this misuse has led to the presence of residues in derived foods, such as milk and dairy products. Therefore, this review aims to compile the scientific literature published to date on the presence of antibiotic residues in these products worldwide. The focus is on the reasons that lead to their presence in food, on the potential problems caused by residues in the characteristics of dairy products and in their manufacturing process, on the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and on the effects that both residues and resistant bacteria can cause on human and environmental health.
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Pogurschi EN, Petcu CD, Mizeranschi AE, Zugravu CA, Cirnatu D, Pet I, Ghimpețeanu OM. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance: A Latent Class Analysis of a Romanian Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127263. [PMID: 35742513 PMCID: PMC9224212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Considering the major limitations of the latest studies conducted in Romania on the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, we conducted this study to assess this major public health threat. A cross-sectional survey based on a validated questionnaire was conducted among the general population of Romania for a period of 5 months, i.e., September 2021-January 2022. The questionnaire was distributed using Google Form and it covered demographic characteristics and KAP assessments consisting of 12 items on knowledge, 10 items on attitudes and 3 items on practices. Latent class analyses (LCAs) were conducted to group respondents based on their responses. The response rate was 77%, of which females responded in a greater number (n = 1251) compared to males (n = 674). For most of the respondents (67.32%, n = 1296), the education level was high school, while 23.58% (n = 454) of respondents were college graduates. One in three Romanians (33.3%) know the WHO predictions related to this topic. Overall, the Romanian population is less disciplined when it comes to completing antibiotic treatments, as 29.19% of the respondents stop the course of antibiotic administration if their symptoms improve. The key findings from the present study may help policy makers in designing targeted interventions to decrease confusion, ambiguity or misconceptions about antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Narcisa Pogurschi
- Public Health and Food Safety Laboratory, Department Formative Science in Animal Breeding and Food Industry, Faculty of Animal Productions Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carmen Daniela Petcu
- Department Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 050097 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - Corina Aurelia Zugravu
- Department-Fundamental Disciplines, Faculty of Midwifery and Nursing, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Cirnatu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania;
| | - Ioan Pet
- Department of Biotechnologies, Bioengineering, Faculty of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine “Regele Mihai I al Romaniei”, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Oana-Mărgărita Ghimpețeanu
- Department Animal Production and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 050097 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-724529434
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On-Chip Purification of Tetracyclines Based on Copper Ions Interaction. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217236. [PMID: 34770542 PMCID: PMC8588518 DOI: 10.3390/s21217236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used to both prevent and treat bacterial diseases as well as promote animal growth. This massive use leads to the presence of residual antibiotics in food with severe consequences for human health. Limitations and regulations on the tolerated amount of antibiotics in food have been introduced and analytical methods have been developed. The bioanalytical methods usually employed to detect antibiotic residues, however, are time-consuming, expensive and laboratory-based. Novel methods with improved rapidity, portability and cost that are easy-to-use and sustainable are therefore highly desirable. In the attempt to fulfill this need, a microfluidic system was set up herein for the purification and pre-concentration of tetracyclines from raw milk selected as the case-study. The system includes a polymeric microfluidic chip containing magnetic beads loaded with copper to exploit the preferential interaction of tetracycline with divalent ions. The microfluidic system was demonstrated to efficiently pre-concentrate tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline with similar performances and efficiently purify tetracycline from raw milk without any pre-treatment. The simplified method described in this paper could be easily integrated in a compact and portable device for the in-field detection of tetracyclines, with the economic advantage of preventing food wastes and guaranteeing food safety.
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Gomes Marques de Freitas A, Almir Cavalcante Minho L, Elizabeth Alves de Magalhães B, Nei Lopes Dos Santos W, Soares Santos L, Augusto de Albuquerque Fernandes S. Infrared spectroscopy combined with random forest to determine tylosin residues in powdered milk. Food Chem 2021; 365:130477. [PMID: 34237570 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of milk by antibiotic residues is a worldwide health and food safety problem. There is a need to develop new methods for the rapid determination of antibiotic residues in milk. A method has been developed for determining tylosin residues directly in powdered milk using Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Tylosin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic. The spectra obtained were submitted to chemometric analysis to obtain a prediction model for tylosin concentration in powdered milk. Using the Boruta algorithm, the absorption bands related to the milk contamination by the antibiotic were identified. Random forest was shown to be adequate for the prediction of tylosin residues in milk at low concentrations (≤ 100 μg L-1) and the prediction model generated showed high correlation and determination coefficients (greater than 0.95). The proposed methodology proved to be efficient for the investigation of antibiotic residues in powdered milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gomes Marques de Freitas
- Centro de Estudos em Leite, Departamento de Tecnologia Rural e Animal, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Juvino Oliveira, Rodovia BR 415km 03s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Almir Cavalcante Minho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Nei Lopes Dos Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Ondina Av. Adhemar de Barros s/n, Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Campus I, Rua Silveira Martins, 2555, Cabula, 41195-001 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leandro Soares Santos
- Departamento de Tecnologia Rural e Animal, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Juvino Oliveira, Rodovia BR 415km 03 s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Augusto de Albuquerque Fernandes
- Centro de Estudos em Leite, Departamento de Tecnologia Rural e Animal, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus Juvino Oliveira, Rodovia BR 415km 03s/n, 45700-000 Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil.
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9
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Lo SW, Gladstone RA, van Tonder AJ, Du Plessis M, Cornick JE, Hawkins PA, Madhi SA, Nzenze SA, Kandasamy R, Ravikumar KL, Elmdaghri N, Kwambana-Adams B, Almeida SCG, Skoczynska A, Egorova E, Titov L, Saha SK, Paragi M, Everett DB, Antonio M, Klugman KP, Li Y, Metcalf BJ, Beall B, McGee L, Breiman RF, Bentley SD, von Gottberg A. A mosaic tetracycline resistance gene tet(S/M) detected in an MDR pneumococcal CC230 lineage that underwent capsular switching in South Africa. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:512-520. [PMID: 31789384 PMCID: PMC7021099 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We reported tet(S/M) in Streptococcus pneumoniae and investigated its temporal spread in relation to nationwide clinical interventions. METHODS We whole-genome sequenced 12 254 pneumococcal isolates from 29 countries on an Illumina HiSeq sequencer. Serotype, multilocus ST and antibiotic resistance were inferred from genomes. An SNP tree was built using Gubbins. Temporal spread was reconstructed using a birth-death model. RESULTS We identified tet(S/M) in 131 pneumococcal isolates and none carried other known tet genes. Tetracycline susceptibility testing results were available for 121 tet(S/M)-positive isolates and all were resistant. A majority (74%) of tet(S/M)-positive isolates were from South Africa and caused invasive diseases among young children (59% HIV positive, where HIV status was available). All but two tet(S/M)-positive isolates belonged to clonal complex (CC) 230. A global phylogeny of CC230 (n=389) revealed that tet(S/M)-positive isolates formed a sublineage predicted to exhibit resistance to penicillin, co-trimoxazole, erythromycin and tetracycline. The birth-death model detected an unrecognized outbreak of this sublineage in South Africa between 2000 and 2004 with expected secondary infections (effective reproductive number, R) of ∼2.5. R declined to ∼1.0 in 2005 and <1.0 in 2012. The declining epidemic could be related to improved access to ART in 2004 and introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in 2009. Capsular switching from vaccine serotype 14 to non-vaccine serotype 23A was observed within the sublineage. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of tet(S/M) in pneumococci was low and its dissemination was due to an unrecognized outbreak of CC230 in South Africa. Capsular switching in this MDR sublineage highlighted its potential to continue to cause disease in the post-PCV13 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W Lo
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Rebecca A Gladstone
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Andries J van Tonder
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mignon Du Plessis
- Centre for Respiratory Disease and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jennifer E Cornick
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, PO Box 30096, Blantyre, Malawi.,Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Paulina A Hawkins
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan A Nzenze
- Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rama Kandasamy
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - K L Ravikumar
- Department of Microbiology, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital & Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Naima Elmdaghri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, B.P. 9154, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco.,Bacteriology-Virology and Hospital Hygiene Laboratory, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Brenda Kwambana-Adams
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Mucosal Pathogens, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK.,WHO Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Samanta Cristine Grassi Almeida
- National Laboratory for Meningitis and Pneumococcal Infections, Center of Bacteriology, Institute Adolfo Lutz (IAL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Skoczynska
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ekaterina Egorova
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Moscow Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid Titov
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, The Republican Research and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Samir K Saha
- Department of Microbiology, Dhaka Shishu (Children's) Hospital, Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Metka Paragi
- Department for Public Health Microbiology, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dean B Everett
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, PO Box 30096, Blantyre, Malawi.,University of Edinburgh, The Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Martin Antonio
- WHO Collaborating Centre for New Vaccines Surveillance, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Keith P Klugman
- Centre for Respiratory Disease and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Medical Research Council: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yuan Li
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Benjamin J Metcalf
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Bernard Beall
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Lesley McGee
- Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Robert F Breiman
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephen D Bentley
- Parasites and Microbes Programme, The Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Disease and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Treiber FM, Beranek-Knauer H. Antimicrobial Residues in Food from Animal Origin-A Review of the Literature Focusing on Products Collected in Stores and Markets Worldwide. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:534. [PMID: 34066335 PMCID: PMC8148204 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics leads to antibiotic residues in frequently consumed foods. Generally, the main use of antibiotics in animals is to treat and prevent diseases and growth promotion. However, the residues and their breakdown products have several side effects on the human body and, in a broader sense, on the environment. In relation to the human body, the frequency of mutations is increased, the bone marrow is damaged (chloramphenicol), and the reproductive organs of humans are affected. Carcinogenic effects have been found with antibiotics such as sulfamethazine, oxytetracycline, and furazolidone. We summarized data from 73 scientific studies reporting antimicrobial residues in animal products that were freely available for sale. The studies were published in English starting from 1999 till 2021 and identified through the Pubmed search engine. The aims were to find out which antibiotics, legal or illegal, could be found in animal foods worldwide. Which are stable to get into the food chain and exceed the maximum residue limits (MRL) regarding the EU guidelines as a comparison. Reducing antimicrobial residues in food from animal origin and, in addition to this, fighting the tremendous growth and spread of antimicrobial resistance will undoubtedly be one of the most difficult food safety challenges in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Michael Treiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/EG, A-8010 Graz, Austria;
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11
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de Freitas AG, de Magalhães BE, Minho LA, Leão DJ, Santos LS, Augusto de Albuquerque Fernandes S. FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics for determination of tylosin residues in milk. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1854-1860. [PMID: 32901945 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contamination of milk by antibiotic residues represents risks to the health of consumers; therefore they should be monitored. The objective of this study was to propose a methodology for the determination of tylosin residues directly in fluid milk based on mid-infrared spectroscopy associated with chemometrics, using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy associated with multilayer perceptron network (MLP) and partial least squares (PLS). RESULTS MLP was shown to be adequate for the discrimination of milk samples contaminated with tylosin below or equal to or above the maximum residue limit (MRL), with an accuracy greater than 99%, using FTIR spectra data. PLS was shown to be appropriate for the prediction of the very low concentrations (0-100 μg L-1 ) of tylosin residues in milk using FTIR spectra data. PLS models with high correlation coefficients (R > 0.99) were generated. CONCLUSION FTIR with chemometrics proved to be a non-destructive, efficient and low-cost method for the investigation and quantification of tylosin residues directly in fluid milk. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gm de Freitas
- Centro de Estudos em Leite, Departamento de Tecnologia Rural e Animal, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Ac Minho
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danilo J Leão
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Santos
- Departamento de Tecnologia Rural e Animal, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Brazil
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12
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Besharati M, Tabrizi MA, Molaabasi F, Saber R, Shamsipur M, Hamedi J, Hosseinkhani S. Novel enzyme-based electrochemical and colorimetric biosensors for tetracycline monitoring in milk. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 69:41-50. [PMID: 33226159 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing demand to develop portable devices for the fast detection of contaminants in food safety, healthcare, and environmental fields. Herein, two biosensing methods were designed by the use of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H)-dependent TetX2 enzyme activity and thionine as an excellent electrochemical and colorimetric mediator/probe to monitor tetracycline (TC) in milk. The nanoporous glassy carbon electrode (NPGCE) modified with polythionine was first prepared by electrochemically and then TetX2 was immobilized onto the NPGCE using polyethyleneimine. The prepared biosensor provided a high electrocatalytic response toward NAD(P)H by significantly reducing its overpotential. The proposed biosensor exhibited a detection limit of 40 nM with a linear range of 0.1-0.8 μM for TC determination. Besides, the thionine probe was used to develop a novel colorimetric assay using a simple enzymatic color reaction within a few minutes. The limit of detection for TC was experimentally achieved as 60 nM, which was lower than the safety levels established by the World Health Organization (225 nM). The correlation between change in the color of the solution and the concentration of TC was used for quality control of milk samples, as confirmed by the standard high-performance liquid chromatography method. The results show the great potential of the proposed assays as portable instruments for on-site TC measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Besharati
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Technology and Products Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Molaabasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saber
- Research Center of Medical Science, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Javad Hamedi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Technology and Products Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Wu Q, Zhu Q, Liu Y, Shabbir MAB, Sattar A, Peng D, Tao Y, Chen D, Wang Y, Yuan Z. A microbiological inhibition method for the rapid, broad-spectrum, and high-throughput screening of 34 antibiotic residues in milk. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10825-10837. [PMID: 31521351 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a microbiological inhibition method for the rapid screening of antibiotics in milk with Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC12980 as an indicator bacterium and an easy sample pretreatment. We observed that the limits of detection of the kit for 34 common antibiotic residues in milk, including β-lactams (13), aminoglycosides (6), tetracyclines (4), sulfonamides (6), macrolides (4), lincosamides (1), were lower than or close to the maximum residue limits formulated by the European Union and China. Moreover, the false-positive rate was 1% and the false-negative rates were less than 5%. The ruggedness of the method (the reproducibility of detection capability of different batches of medium) met requirements at determined levels and residual limits. The shelf life of the kit was more than 6 mo at 4°C. Additionally, we observed good correlations between the kit results and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry results for incurred milk (samples taken from animals treated with antibiotics according to the pre-slaughter medication data), which indicated that the kit was reliable for screening antibiotics in incurred samples. In conclusion, the kit has a broad application potential with high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, stability, and reliability, combined with simple operation, low cost, and high-throughput capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yana Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakr Shabbir
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Adeel Sattar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Dapeng Peng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yulian Wang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Sachi S, Ferdous J, Sikder MH, Azizul Karim Hussani SM. Antibiotic residues in milk: Past, present, and future. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:315-332. [PMID: 31583228 PMCID: PMC6760505 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Now-a-days, various types of antibiotics are being used worldwide in veterinary sector indiscriminately for promotion of growth and treatment of the livestock. Significant portions of antibiotics are released through milk of dairy animals unaltered and exert serious harmful effects on human health. This review evaluates and compare researches on antibiotic residues in milk in published literatures from Pubmed, CrossRef, CAB direct, DOAJ, JournalTOCs, AGRICOLA, ScientificGate, Electronic Journals Library, CAB abstracts, Global Health Databases, Global Impact Factor, Google Scholar, Park Directory of Open Access Journals, BanglaJOL and ISC E-Journals. Antibiotics residue in milk was first detected in 60s and then with an increasing trend with highest after 2,000 (188). The highest no. of works, 49 (21.87%) were accomplished in China, followed by Spain, 30 (13.39%); Germany, 11 (4.91%); and USA, 10 (4.46%). Continent-wise highest researches are published from Europe, 105 (46.88%), followed by Asia, 77 (34.38%); South America, 18 (8.04%); North America, 16 (7.14%); and Africa, 8 (3.57%). For detection, Bovine milk sample is mostly used, 193 (86.16%), followed by ovine, 19 (8.48%); and caprine, 14 (6.25%). Acetonitrile was used in maximum cases (77) for processing the samples. Chromatographic technique was the highest, 115 (51.34%) for detection. Residue of β-lactam group have been detected mostly 133 (36.54%), followed by tetracyclines, 51 (14.01%); fluoroquinolones, 49 (13.46%); sulfonamides, 46 (12.64%); and aminoglycosides, 38 (10.44%). This review observe that antibiotics residues are more common in milk samples that are being manifested in increasing researches on antibiotic detection and measures should adopt to cease this residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbya Sachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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15
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Gajda A, Nowacka-Kozak E, Gbylik-Sikorska M, Posyniak A. Tetracycline antibiotics transfer from contaminated milk to dairy products and the effect of the skimming step and pasteurisation process on residue concentrations. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 35:66-76. [PMID: 29076394 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1397773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The presence of antibiotics in raw milk and milk derivatives poses a threat to human health and can negatively affect the dairy industry. Therefore, the main object of this study was to investigate the transfer of oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and doxycycline (DC) from raw, experimental milk contaminated with tetracyclines (TCs) to different dairy products: cream, butter, buttermilk, sour milk, whey, curd and cheese. Additionally the effect of the skimming process on TCs concentrations was tested, as well as the influence of low-temperature long-time pasteurisation. The analyses of TCs in milk and dairy products were performed by an LC-MS/MS method. In order to determine TCs residues in dairy products, an analytical method was developed with the same extraction step for all matrices. TCs molecules were inhomogenously distributed between the milk derivative fractions. The highest concentrations were determined in curd and cheese in the ranges 320-482 µg/kg and 280-561 µg/kg, respectively. Low levels of TCs in butter and whey were observed (11.8-41.2 µg/kg). TCs were found in sour milk (66.0-111 µg/kg), cream (85.0-115 µg/kg) and buttermilk (196-221 µg/kg) at much higher levels than in butter and whey, but lower than in curd and cheese. During the skimming process, the highest yield of cream was obtained after the raw milk was held at 2-8°C for 24 h. The differences in concentrations of TCs between whole milk and skimmed milk, expressed as percentages of recovery, were below 19% (recoveries in excess of 81%). The highest content was observed in milk and cream skimmed at 2-8°C. The degradation percentages for TCs during the pasteurisation process (63°C for 30 min) were below 19%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gajda
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland
| | - Ewelina Nowacka-Kozak
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Posyniak
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , National Veterinary Research Institute , Pulawy , Poland
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Scagion VP, Mercante LA, Sakamoto KY, Oliveira JE, Fonseca FJ, Mattoso LHC, Ferreira MD, Correa DS. An electronic tongue based on conducting electrospun nanofibers for detecting tetracycline in milk samples. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21326j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Impedimetric e-tongue based on conducting electrospun nanofibers provides a rapid and sensitive means for the detection of tetracycline residues in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa P. Scagion
- National Laboratory for Nanotechnology in Agribusiness (LNNA)
- Embrapa Instrumentação
- São Carlos
- Brazil
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technology
| | - Luiza A. Mercante
- National Laboratory for Nanotechnology in Agribusiness (LNNA)
- Embrapa Instrumentação
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Karine Y. Sakamoto
- National Laboratory for Nanotechnology in Agribusiness (LNNA)
- Embrapa Instrumentação
- São Carlos
- Brazil
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technology
| | - Juliano E. Oliveira
- Materials Engineering
- Engineering Department
- Federal University of Lavras (UFLA)
- Lavras
- Brazil
| | | | - Luiz H. C. Mattoso
- National Laboratory for Nanotechnology in Agribusiness (LNNA)
- Embrapa Instrumentação
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Marcos D. Ferreira
- National Laboratory for Nanotechnology in Agribusiness (LNNA)
- Embrapa Instrumentação
- São Carlos
- Brazil
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technology
| | - Daniel S. Correa
- National Laboratory for Nanotechnology in Agribusiness (LNNA)
- Embrapa Instrumentação
- São Carlos
- Brazil
- Center for Exact Sciences and Technology
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17
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Effects of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Leaf Extract on Staphylococcal Adhesion and Invasion in Bovine Udder Epidermal Tissue Model. Nutrients 2015; 7:8503-17. [PMID: 26501314 PMCID: PMC4632430 DOI: 10.3390/nu7105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most important infectious diseases in dairy herds, and staphylococci are the most important etiologic agents of this disease. Antibiotics and chemical agents used in livestock for prevention and cure of the disease can accumulate in milk and give rise to food safety concerns. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract was studied as an alternative approach to reduce the bacterial infections. The ethanolic extract of this plant demonstrated antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 16–64 μg/mL against staphylococcal isolates. In addition, the extract had an effect on the bacterial cell surface properties by increasing its hydrophobicity in a concentration dependent manner. To further extend the antibacterial efficacy, silver nanoparticles synthesized with the extract, a pure rhodomyrtone, and liposomal encapsulated rhodomyrtone were applied and their inhibitory effects on bacterial adhesion and invasion were determined by ex vivo study in a bovine udder epidermal tissue model. These agents exerted remarkable antibacterial activity against staphylococci and decreased the adhesion of the bacterial cells to the tissues. These results supported that R. tomentosa ethanolic extract could be applied as an alternative agent for bovine udder care in dairy farms.
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Forsberg KJ, Patel S, Wencewicz TA, Dantas G. The Tetracycline Destructases: A Novel Family of Tetracycline-Inactivating Enzymes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:888-97. [PMID: 26097034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes capable of inactivating tetracycline are paradoxically rare compared with enzymes that inactivate other natural-product antibiotics. We describe a family of flavoenzymes, previously unrecognizable as resistance genes, which are capable of degrading tetracycline antibiotics. From soil functional metagenomic selections, we discovered nine genes that confer high-level tetracycline resistance by enzymatic inactivation. We also demonstrate that a tenth enzyme, an uncharacterized homolog in the human pathogen Legionella longbeachae, similarly inactivates tetracycline. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of tetracyclines in vitro both by known mechanisms and via previously undescribed activity. Tetracycline-inactivation genes were identified in diverse soil types, encompass substantial sequence diversity, and are adjacent to genes implicated in horizontal gene transfer. Because tetracycline inactivation is scarcely observed in hospitals, these enzymes may fill an empty niche in pathogenic organisms, and should therefore be monitored for their dissemination potential into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Forsberg
- Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Sanket Patel
- Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Timothy A Wencewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Gautam Dantas
- Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Udalova AY, Dmitrienko SG, Apyari VV. Methods for the separation, preconcentration, and determination of tetracycline antibiotics. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815060180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Raspor Lainšček P, Biasizzo M, Henigman U, Dolenc J, Kirbiš A. Implementation of theBacillus cereusmicrobiological plate used for the screening of tetracyclines in raw milk samples with STAR protocol – the problem with false-negative results solved. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2014; 31:1840-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2014.966157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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