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Humic Acid-Modified Magnetite Nanoparticles for Removing [AuCl4]− in Aqueous Solutions. JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2022. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.25.1.27-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Humic acid-modified magnetite nanoparticle (MnP-HA) has been synthesized using the co-precipitation method and applied for removal of [AuCl4]−. Modifying of MnP-HA was prepared with the mass ratio of MnP-HA=10:1 and 10:3. The HA was extracted from peat soil of Sambutan Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, by the recommended procedure of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS). The saturation magnetization of MnP-HA was decreased compared to unmodified MnP. The interaction between MnP and HA was occurred due to the chemical bond between Fe from MnP with the carboxylic group from HA. The coating HA on the surface of MnP unchanged the formation of the crystal structure of MnP and increased the particle size. The optimum removal of [AuCl4]− on MnP and MnP-HA materials was optimum at pH 3.0. The Langmuir isotherm model with sorption capacity was 0.23, 4.85, and 4.65 mol g–1 for MnP, MnP-HA=10:1, and 10:3, respectively. Using a pseudo-second-order equation, the degradation of the kinetics model of [AuCl4]− on MnP, MnP-HA=10:1 and 10:3 with adsorption rate constant (k) were 0.02, 0.07, and 0.06 g.mol min–1.
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Lupascu M, Akhtar H, Smith TEL, Sukri RS. Post-fire carbon dynamics in the tropical peat swamp forests of Brunei reveal long-term elevated CH 4 flux. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5125-5145. [PMID: 32475055 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical peatlands hold about 15%-19% of the global peat carbon (C) pool of which 77% is stored in the peat swamp forests (PSFs) of Southeast Asia. Nonetheless, these PSFs have been drained, exploited for timber and land for agriculture, leading to frequent fires in the region. The physico-chemical characteristics of peat, as well as the hydrology of PSFs are affected after a fire, during which the ecosystem can act as a C source for decades, as C emissions to the atmosphere exceed photosynthesis. In this work, we studied the longer-term impact of fires on C cycling in tropical PSFs, hence we quantified the magnitude and patterns of C loss (CO2 , CH4 and dissolved organic carbon) and soil-water quality characteristics in an intact and a degraded burnt PSF in Brunei Darussalam affected by seven fires over the last 40 years. We used natural tracers such as 14 C to investigate the age and sources of C contributing to ecosystem respiration (Reco ) and CH4 , while we continuously monitored soil temperature and water table (WT) level from June 2017 to January 2019. Our results showed a major difference in the physico-chemical parameters, which in turn affected C dynamics, especially CH4 . Methane effluxes were higher in fire-affected areas (7.8 ± 2.2 mg CH4 m-2 hr-1 ) compared to the intact PSF (4.0 ± 2.0 mg CH4 m-2 hr-1 ) due to prolonged higher WT and more optimal methanogenesis conditions. On the other hand, we did not find significant differences in Reco between burnt (432 ± 83 mg CO2 m-2 hr-1 ) and intact PSF (359 ± 76 mg CO2 m-2 hr-1 ). Radiocarbon analysis showed overall no significant difference between intact and burnt PSF with a modern signature for both CO2 and CH4 fluxes implying a microbial preference for the more labile C fraction in the peat matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Lupascu
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrated Tropical Peatland Research Program, NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hasan Akhtar
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas E L Smith
- Department of Geography and Environment, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Xu P, Wang Y, Li X, Chen Q, Hao L, Zhang J, Zhu X, Jia B. An acidic-groups detection method and its application to analysis of Chinese humic acid samples. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238061. [PMID: 32846429 PMCID: PMC7449760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The method of non-aqueous conductivity titration (NACT) of organic weak acids was applied to quickly and accurately determine the phenolic-hydroxyl and carboxyl-groups contents in humic acid. By varying the pH of the humic-acid sample, the concentration of the titrant, and the nitrogen-gas flow rate, the optimal titration conditions were determined to be a sample pH of 4, titrant concentration of 0.05 mol/L, and nitrogen-gas flow rate of 80 mL/min. Applying the detection method to p-hydroxybenzoic acid showed that its phenolic-hydroxyl content was 758.82±111.76 cmol/kg and carboxyl content was 744.44±51.11 cmol/kg. The theoretical phenolic-hydroxyl and carboxyl-groups contents of the p-hydroxybenzoic acid were 723.96 cmol/kg respectively, indicating that the method can accurately quantify the carboxyl and phenolic-hydroxyl groups in the sample. The NACT was used to measure the phenolic-hydroxyl and carboxyl-groups contents in humic acid quickly and accurately. In addition, 29 humic acid samples from 8 provinces of China covering the main humic-acid producing areas were collected and analyzed for acidic-groups content using the reported method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Yinfu (Jinan) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Qingshuang Chen
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Asia-Pacific Haihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Lujiang Hao
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (XZ); (BJ)
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (XZ); (BJ)
| | - Baolei Jia
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (XZ); (BJ)
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The search for organic compounds with TMAH thermochemolysis: From Earth analyses to space exploration experiments. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sazawa K, Sugano T, Kuramitz H. High-heat Effects on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil Organic Matter and Its Water-soluble Components in Japan's Forests: A Comprehensive Approach Using Multiple Analytical Methods. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:601-609. [PMID: 32224559 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20sbp14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Wildfires that expose the soil organic layer to high heat levels can alter soil organic matter (SOM), which includes water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) components. Various evaluation methods were used to characterize and quantify the effects of high heat levels on SOM and WSOM, including ion chromatography, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), colorimetry, elemental analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH-py-GC/MS), total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3DEEM) spectroscopy, and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. In this study, we applied each of these evaluation methods using soil samples that were collected from broadleaf, coniferous, and bamboo forests and peatland in Japan and exposed to different initial high heat levels. Based on the TG-DTA results, the remaining mass in select soil samples markedly decreased when reheated to approximately 200°C. Comparatively, the TMAH-py-GC/MS results indicated a drastic change in SOM composition and the production of low molecular organic components (<C10) at this temperature. The TOC analysis results also indicated a significant increase in the proportion of WSOM. Colorimetry and elemental analysis results indicated that the soil color was dependent upon the initial heating temperature and was related to the H/C and O/C atomic ratios. The results of this study can form the basis for future similar studies for accurately characterizing and quantifying the heat effects on soil, and the effects of increasing wildfires due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Sazawa
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama
| | - Tomohiro Sugano
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama
| | - Hideki Kuramitz
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama
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Song F, Li T, Zhang J, Wang X, Bai Y, Giesy JP, Xing B, Wu F. Novel Insights into the Kinetics, Evolved Gases, and Mechanisms for Biomass (Sugar Cane Residue) Pyrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13495-13505. [PMID: 31644877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biomass, a renewable energy source, via available thermo-chemical processes has both engineering and environmental advantages. However, the understanding of the kinetics, evolved gases, and mechanisms for biomass pyrolysis is limited. We first propose a novel temperature response mechanism for the pyrolysis of sugar cane residue using thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry-mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-MS) combined with Gaussian model and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D COS). The existence and contribution of distinct peaks in TG-FTIR spectra were innovatively distinguished and quantified, and the temperature-dependent dynamics of gas amounts were determined using Gaussian deconvolution. The 2D-TG-FTIR/MS-COS results revealed for the first time that the primary sequential temperature responses of gases occurred in the order: H2O/CH4 > phenols/alkanes/aromatics/alcohols > carboxylic acids/ketones > CO2/ethers > aldehyde groups/acetaldehyde. Subtle sequential changes even occurred within the same gases during pyrolysis. The quantity dynamics and sequential responses of gases were fitted to the combined effects of the order-based, diffusion, and chemical reaction mechanisms for the component degradation. The combination of TG-FTIR-MS, Gaussian model, and 2D COS is a promising approach for the online monitoring and real-time management of biomass pyrolysis, providing favorable strategies for pyrolysis optimization, byproduct recovery, energy generation, and gas emission control in engineering and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing , 10012 , China
- College of Water Sciences , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing , 10012 , China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing , 10012 , China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Yingchen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing , 10012 , China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing , 10012 , China
- Department of Biomedical and Veterinary Biosciences and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5B3 , Canada
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing , 10012 , China
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Solihat NN, Yustiawati, Kim S, Kim S. Elucidating molecular level impact of peat fire on soil organic matter by laser desorption ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7303-7313. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Solihat NN, Acter T, Kim D, Plante AF, Kim S. Analyzing Solid-Phase Natural Organic Matter Using Laser Desorption Ionization Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 91:951-957. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Thamina Acter
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Alain F. Plante
- University of Pennsylvania, 240 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Sazawa K, Yoshida H, Okusu K, Hata N, Kuramitz H. Effects of forest fire on the properties of soil and humic substances extracted from forest soil in Gunma, Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:30325-30338. [PMID: 30159838 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increases in global wildfires and fire severity are expected to result from global warming. Severe wildfires not only burn surface vegetation but also affect forest soil. Humic substances play key roles in the transport of nutrients and the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the effects of forest fires on the chemical properties of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) extracted from non-burned and burned forest soils in Gunma, Japan. The differential thermal analysis of FA indicated that the intensity of exothermic reaction peak at 400 °C was 2-fold higher than that from non-burned soil. Based on pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis with tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, the amount of pyrolysate compounds in FA from burnt soil was significantly lower than that in FA from non-burnt soil. Therefore, we can conclude that the forest fire caused the significant change in the properties of FA such as increasing the aromaticity and refractory. In addition, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon with low molecular weight in surface soil increased after forest fire. This study suggests that the denaturation of soil organic matter by wildfire can affect the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Sazawa
- Center for Far Eastern Studies, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
- Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hironori Yoshida
- Center for Far Eastern Studies, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuya Okusu
- Center for Far Eastern Studies, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Hata
- Center for Far Eastern Studies, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Kuramitz
- Center for Far Eastern Studies, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
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Katsumi N, Yonebayashi K, Okazaki M. Effects of heating on composition, degree of darkness, and stacking nanostructure of soil humic acids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:23-32. [PMID: 26398447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires and prescribed burning can affect both the quality and the quantity of organic matter in soils. In this study, we investigated qualitative and quantitative changes of soil humic substances in two different soils (an Entisol from a paddy field and an Inceptisol from a cedar forest) under several controlled heating conditions. Soil samples were heated in a muffle furnace at 200, 250, or 300 °C for 1, 3, 5, or 12h. The humic acid and fulvic acid contents of the soil samples prior to and after heating were determined. The degree of darkness, elemental composition, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios, (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and X-ray diffraction patterns of humic acids extracted from the soils before and after heating were measured. The proportion of humic acids in total carbon decreased with increasing heating time at high temperature (300 °C), but increased with increasing heating time at ≤ 250 °C. The degree of darkness of the humic acids increased with increasing heating time and temperature. During darkening, the H/C atomic ratios, the proportion of aromatic C, and the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios increased, whereas the proportions of alkyl C and O-alkyl C decreased. X-ray diffraction analysis verified that a stacking nanostructure developed by heating. Changes in the chemical structure of the humic acids from the heated soils depended on the type of soil. The major structural components of the humic acids from the heated Entisol were aromatic C and carboxylic C, whereas aliphatic C, aromatic C, and carboxylic C structural components were found in the humic acids from the heated Inceptisol. These results suggest that the heat-induced changes in the chemical structure of the humic acids depended on the source plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Katsumi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan.
| | - Koyo Yonebayashi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Masanori Okazaki
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
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