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Prakash J, Agrawal SB, Agrawal M. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms of biochemical, physiological, and growth responses of two pea ( Pisum sativum L.) cultivars under simulated acid rain-induced oxidative stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:1329-1351. [PMID: 39184554 PMCID: PMC11341807 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The current experiment was designed to evaluate the ramifications of simulated acid rain (SAR) on two pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars, Kashi Samridhi (Samridhi) and Kashi Nandini (Nandini), to decipher the intraspecific variations in defence mechanism considering the current scenario of rapid anthropogenic activities leading to increase in rain acidity. The pea cultivars were subjected to SAR of pH 7 (Control), 5.6, 5.0, and 4.5 under field conditions. SAR increased active oxygen species and malondialdehyde content due to increased lipid peroxidation in both cultivars; however, the increment intensity was more remarkable in Samridhi at the later growth stage. Ascorbic acid, thiol, and flavonoids were significantly increased in cultivar Nandini, along with increased peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Total phenolics, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities were enhanced considerably in Samridhi than in Nandini under SAR treatments. Higher stomatal density and stomatal size in Samridhi prompted greater acidic particles influx which further damaged the chloroplast and mitochondria. The present study concludes that cultivar Nandini is more proficient in inducing defence responses by elevating non-enzymatic antioxidants than Samridhi. Non-enzymatic linked defence mechanisms are more metabolically expensive, leading to less biomass accumulation in Nandini. The study depicted that innate defence responses, particularly the role of non-enzymatic antioxidants, governed the sensitivity level of cultivars towards SAR stress. Further, findings also contribute to bridging the knowledge gap regarding the responses of tropical and subtropical crops to acid rain. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01494-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigyasa Prakash
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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Zeng F, Feng Y, Wang T, Ma X, Jiao S, Yang S, Shao M, Ma Z, Mao J, Chen B. The asymmetric expression of plasma membrane H +-ATPase family genes in response to pulvinus-driven leaf phototropism movement in Vitis vinifera. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14380. [PMID: 38894644 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Phototropism movement is crucial for plants to adapt to various environmental changes. Plant P-type H+-ATPase (HA) plays diverse roles in signal transduction during cell expansion, regulation of cellular osmotic potential and stomatal opening, and circadian movement. Despite numerous studies on the genome-wide analysis of Vitis vinifera, no research has been done on the P-type H+-ATPase family genes, especially concerning pulvinus-driven leaf movement. In this study, 55 VvHAs were identified and classified into nine distinct subgroups (1 to 9). Gene members within the same subgroups exhibit similar features in motif, intron/exon, and protein tertiary structures. Furthermore, four pairs of genes were derived by segmental duplication in grapes. Cis-acting element analysis identified numerous light/circadian-related elements in the promoters of VvHAs. qRT-PCR analysis showed that several genes of subgroup 7 were highly expressed in leaves and pulvinus during leaf movement, especially VvHA14, VvHA15, VvHA16, VvHA19, VvHA51, VvHA52, and VvHA54. Additionally, we also found that the VvHAs genes were asymmetrically expressed on both sides of the extensor and flexor cell of the motor organ, the pulvinus. The expression of VvHAs family genes in extensor cells was significantly higher than that in flexor cells. Overall, this study serves as a foundation for further investigations into the functions of VvHAs and contributes to the complex mechanisms underlying grapevine pulvinus growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yongqing Feng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiyuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Shangwen Yang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Miao Shao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Mao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, PR China
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Liang C, Zhu J. Role of root plasma membrane H +-ATPase in enhancing Cucumis sativus adaptation to microcystins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20133-20148. [PMID: 38372914 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are the most widespread and hazardous cyanotoxins posing a huge threat to agro-ecosystem by irrigation. Some adaptive metabolisms can be initiated at the cellular and molecular levels of plant to survive environmental change. To find ways to improve plant tolerance to MCs after recognizing adaptive mechanism in plant, we studied effects of MCs on root morphology, mineral element contents, root activity, H+-ATPase activity, and its gene expression level in cucumber during exposure and recovery (without MCs) periods. After being exposed to MCs (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1) for 7 days, we found 1 μg L-1 MCs did not affect growth and mineral elements in cucumber. MCs at 10 μg ·L-1 increased root activity and H+-ATPase activity partly from upregulation of genes (CsHA2, CsHA3, CsHA8, and CsHA9) expression, to promote nutrient uptake. Then, the increase in NO3-, Fe, Zn, and Mn contents could contribute to maintaining root growth and morphology. Higher concentration MCs (100 or 1000 µg L-1) inhibited root activity and H+-ATPase activity by downregulating expression of genes (CsHA2, CsHA3, CsHA4, CsHA8, CsHA9, and CsHA10), decreased contents of nutrient elements except Ca largely, and caused root growing worse. After a recovery, the absorption activity and H+-ATPase activity in cucumber treated with10 μg L-1 MCs were closed to the control whereas all parameters in cucumber treated 1000 μg L-1 MCs were even worse. All results indicate that the increase in H+-ATPase activity can enhance cucumber tolerance to MC stress by regulating nutrient uptake, especially when the MCs occur at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Jiuzheng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Wang H, Li Z, Shen L, Zhang P, Lin Y, Huang X, Du S, Liu H. Ketoprofen exposure perturbs nitrogen assimilation and ATP synthesis in rice roots: An integrated metabolome and microbiome analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122485. [PMID: 37659631 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen, a commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can enter farmland environments via sewage irrigation and manure application and is toxic to plants. However, there have been relatively few studies on the association of ketoprofen with nitrogen (N) assimilation and metabolic responses in plants. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of ketoprofen on ATP synthesis and N assimilation in rice roots. The results showed that with increasing ketoprofen concentration, root vitality, respiration rate, ATP content, and H+-ATPase activity decreased and plasma membrane permeability increased. The expressions of OSA9, a family III H+-ATPase gene, and OSA6 and OSA10, family IV genes, were upregulated, indicating a response of the roots to ketoprofen. Nitrate, ammonium, and free amino acids content decreased with increased ketoprofen. The levels of enzymes involved in N metabolism, namely nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, also decreased under ketoprofen treatment. Principal component analysis revealed that ketoprofen treatment can significantly affect energy synthesis and nitrogen assimilation in rice roots, while these effects can be alleviated by the antioxidant response. Most of the metabolite contents increased, including amino acids, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites. Key metabolic pathways, namely substance synthesis and energy metabolism, were found to be disrupted. Microbiome analysis showed that community diversity and richness of rice root microorganisms in solution increased with increasing levels of ketoprofen treatment, and the microbial community structure and metabolic pathways significantly changed. The results of this study provides new insights into the response of rice roots to ketoprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhiheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Luoqin Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanyao Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling of Zhejiang Province, Instrumental Analysis Center, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Wang H, Li Z, Chen H, Jin J, Zhang P, Shen L, Hu S, Liu H. Metabolomic analysis reveals the impact of ketoprofen on carbon and nitrogen metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling leaves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:21825-21837. [PMID: 36279067 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologically active compounds (PACs) are becoming common pollutants in the natural environment, posing potential risks to crop quality; however, the toxic effects and metabolic changes that they cause in agricultural plants remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of ketoprofen on respiration rate, ATP synthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and metabolomics in rice seedling leaves. The results showed that ketoprofen treatment adversely affected the respiration rate, ATP content, H+-ATPase activity and induced changes in the contents of carbon assimilation products (soluble sugar, reducing sugar, sucrose, and starch) and the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism (sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and sucrose invertase (InV)). The contents of nitrate, ammonium, and free amino acids, and the activities of key enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism (nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)) were also affected in a concentration-dependent manner. Metabolomics analysis showed that ketoprofen disturbed the type and content of metabolites (amino acids, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites) to varying degrees and perturbed key metabolic pathways (substance synthesis and energy metabolism), ultimately resulting in the reduction of rice seedling biomass. This study provides important information and a useful reference for the accurate assessment of the environmental risks of PACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhiheng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang, Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hanmei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiaojun Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Luoqin Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shuhao Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang, Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Prakash J, Agrawal SB, Agrawal M. Global Trends of Acidity in Rainfall and Its Impact on Plants and Soil. JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION 2022; 23:398-419. [PMID: 36415481 PMCID: PMC9672585 DOI: 10.1007/s42729-022-01051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to its deleterious and large-scale effects on the ecosystem and long-range transboundary nature, acid rain has attracted the attention of scientists and policymakers. Acid rain (AR) is a prominent environmental issue that has emerged in the last hundred years. AR refers to any form of precipitation leading to a reduction in pH to less than 5.6. The prime reasons for AR formation encompass the occurrence of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), and organic acids in air produced by natural as well as anthropogenic activities. India, the top SO2 emitter, also shows a continuous increase in NO2 level responsible for AR formation. The plants being immobile unavoidably get exposed to AR which impacts the natural surrounding negatively. Plants get affected directly by AR due to reductions in growth, productivity, and yield by damaging photosynthetic mechanisms and reproductive organs or indirectly by affecting underground components such as soil and root system. Genes that play important role in plant defense under abiotic stress gets also modulated in response to acid rain. AR induces soil acidification, and disturbs the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, litter properties, and microbial and enzymatic activities. This article overviews the factors contributing to AR, and outlines the past and present trends of rainwater pH across the world, and its effects on plants and soil systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigyasa Prakash
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Madhoolika Agrawal
- Laboratory of Air Pollution and Global Climate Change, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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Wang K, Li Y, Liang C. Closed-loop evaluation on potential of three oil crops in remediation of Cd-contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 316:115123. [PMID: 35576704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cd-contaminated farmlands threaten food security and safety by inhibiting crop growth and Cd accumulating in edible parts. Phytoremediation is a promising option to remove Cd from farmland soil. An ideal option is to remediate Cd and produce crops simultaneously on the contaminated soil. Therefore, we chose widely planted oil crops (soybean, sunflower and rape) as experimental materials, cultured in pots filled with soils contaminated with different concentrations (10, 20, 50, and 100 mg kg-1) Cd till harvest, and then took a closed-loop method to evaluate the remediation potential of the three oil crops, including the remediating ability, yield, and quality of seeds and environmental risk of pyrolytic biochar. The results show that the order of Cd accumulation capacity in the three oil crops was sunflower > rape > soybean. The yield and quality of the three oil crops were decreased by being treated with different concentrations of Cd. In addition, the order for a decreased degree in yield of the three oil crops was sunflower < rape < soybean, and the order for a decreased degree in protein and fat content was sunflower < soybean < rape. The potential risk of seeds of the three oil crops as food/feed was sunflower/soybean < soybean/sunflower < rape. After pyrolysis of harvested three oil crops, the order for leaching toxicity/leaching potential was sunflower-biochar < soybean-biochar/rape-biochar < rape-biochar/soybean-biochar. All three oil crops could remediate Cd-contaminated soils, and their seeds could generate economic value. Closed-loop evaluation of sunflower proved it might be a good option for removing Cd from farmland soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Youwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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Zhou JY, Hao DL, Yang GZ. Regulation of Cytosolic pH: The Contributions of Plant Plasma Membrane H +-ATPases and Multiple Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12998. [PMID: 34884802 PMCID: PMC8657649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic pH homeostasis is a precondition for the normal growth and stress responses in plants, and H+ flux across the plasma membrane is essential for cytoplasmic pH control. Hence, this review focuses on seven types of proteins that possess direct H+ transport activity, namely, H+-ATPase, NHX, CHX, AMT, NRT, PHT, and KT/HAK/KUP, to summarize their plasma-membrane-located family members, the effect of corresponding gene knockout and/or overexpression on cytosolic pH, the H+ transport pathway, and their functional regulation by the extracellular/cytosolic pH. In general, H+-ATPases mediate H+ extrusion, whereas most members of other six proteins mediate H+ influx, thus contributing to cytosolic pH homeostasis by directly modulating H+ flux across the plasma membrane. The fact that some AMTs/NRTs mediate H+-coupled substrate influx, whereas other intra-family members facilitate H+-uncoupled substrate transport, demonstrates that not all plasma membrane transporters possess H+-coupled substrate transport mechanisms, and using the transport mechanism of a protein to represent the case of the entire family is not suitable. The transport activity of these proteins is regulated by extracellular and/or cytosolic pH, with different structural bases for H+ transfer among these seven types of proteins. Notably, intra-family members possess distinct pH regulatory characterization and underlying residues for H+ transfer. This review is anticipated to facilitate the understanding of the molecular basis for cytosolic pH homeostasis. Despite this progress, the strategy of their cooperation for cytosolic pH homeostasis needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forest, Jurong 212400, China;
| | - Dong-Li Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guang-Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
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Shi Z, Zhang J, Xiao Z, Lu T, Ren X, Wei H. Effects of acid rain on plant growth: A meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113213. [PMID: 34329914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic driven acid gases emission has caused acid rain in many regions globally. Although efforts have been made to assess the effects of acid rain on terrestrial ecosystems, a systematic assessment of growth-related traits across plant aboveground and belowground is lacking. Hence, we performed a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis of 755 observations from 69 independent studies to quantify the effects of acid rain on six growth-related traits of plant. We estimated the inhibitory effects of acid rain on plant growth in general and found that aboveground and belowground plant parts responded differently. The acidity of acid rain and acid rain interval had direct modulation effects on plant growth. We also found that there were interactions between acid rain pH and other acid rain characteristics (i.e., acid rain interval, mole ratio of S:N, and acid rain rate) and experimental characteristics (i.e., initial soil pH and plant exposure part), indicating that there were pH-dependent interaction patterns. Thus, an effective approach to evaluate and predict the effects of acid rain on plant growth is to fully consider the direct effects of acid rain pH and the interactions between acid rain pH and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoji Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaen Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Zeheng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tiantian Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Gilbert KJ, Renner T. Acid or base? How do plants regulate the ecology of their phylloplane? AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab032. [PMID: 34285793 PMCID: PMC8286713 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants interface with and modify the external environment across their surfaces, and in so doing, can control or mitigate the impacts of abiotic stresses and also mediate their interactions with other organisms. Botanically, it is known that plant roots have a multi-faceted ability to modify rhizosphere conditions like pH, a factor with a large effect on a plant's biotic interactions with microbes. But plants can also modify pH levels on the surfaces of their leaves. Plants can neutralize acid rain inputs in a period of hours, and either acidify or alkalinize the pH of neutral water droplets in minutes. The pH of the phylloplane-that is, the outermost surface of the leaf-varies across species, from incredibly acidic (carnivorous plants: as low as pH 1) to exceptionally alkaline (species in the plant family, Malvaceae, up to pH 11). However, most species mildly acidify droplets on the phylloplane by 1.5 orders of magnitude in pH. Just as rhizosphere pH helps shape the plant microbiome and is known to influence belowground interactions, so too can phylloplane pH influence aboveground interactions in plant canopies. In this review, we discuss phylloplane pH regulation from the physiological, molecular, evolutionary, and ecological perspectives and address knowledge gaps and identify future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadeem J Gilbert
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tanya Renner
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, 501 Agricultural Sciences and Industries Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Liang C, Zhang Y, Ren X. Calcium regulates antioxidative isozyme activity for enhancing rice adaption to acid rain stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 306:110876. [PMID: 33775371 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain, as a typical abiotic stress, damages plant growth and production. Calcium (Ca) mediates plant growth and links the signal transduction in plants for adapting to abiotic stresses. To understand the effect of Ca2+ on plant adaptable response to acid rain, we investigated changes in activities and gene expression of antioxidative enzymes and fatty acid composition of membrane lipid in rice seedlings treated with exogenous Ca2+ (5 mM) or/and simulated acid rain (SAR, pH 3.5 / 2.5). Exogenous Ca2+ enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase isozymes in rice leaves under SAR stress by promoting activation of existing isoforms and up-regulation of Cu/Zn-SOD1, Cu/Zn-SOD2, Cu/Zn-SOD3, CAT1, CAT2 and POD1. Compared to SAR treatment alone, exogenous Ca2+ alleviated SAR-induced oxidative damage to cell membrane by enhancing antioxidative capacity, as shown by the decrease in concentrations of H2O2, O2- and malondialdehyde in rice leaves. Meanwhile, Ca2+ alleviated SAR-induced decrease in unsaturation of membrane lipid for maintaining membrane fluidity. Finally, exogenous Ca2+ alleviated SAR-induced inhibition on relative growth rate of rice. Therefore, Ca2+ could play a role in regulating activities of antioxidative enzymes as well as maintaining unsaturation of membrane lipid for enhancing tolerance in rice seedlings to acid rain stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, China.
| | - Yuanqi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ren
- Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, China
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Nayyeripasand L, Garoosi GA, Ahmadikhah A. Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to Identify Salt-Tolerance QTLs Carrying Novel Candidate Genes in Rice During Early Vegetative Stage. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:9. [PMID: 33420909 PMCID: PMC7797017 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-020-00433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice is considered as a salt-sensitive plant, particularly at early vegetative stage, and its production is suffered from salinity due to expansion of salt affected land in areas under cultivation. Hence, significant increase of rice productivity on salinized lands is really necessary. Today genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a method of choice for fine mapping of QTLs involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses including salinity stress at early vegetative stage. In this study using > 33,000 SNP markers we identified rice genomic regions associated to early stage salinity tolerance. Eight salinity-related traits including shoot length (SL), root length (RL), root dry weight (RDW), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), relative water content (RWC) and TW, and 4 derived traits including SL-R, RL-R, RDW-R and RFW-R in a diverse panel of rice were evaluated under salinity (100 mM NaCl) and normal conditions in growth chamber. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was applied based on MLM(+Q + K) model. RESULTS Under stress conditions 151 trait-marker associations were identified that were scattered on 10 chromosomes of rice that arranged in 29 genomic regions. A genomic region on chromosome 1 (11.26 Mbp) was identified which co-located with a known QTL region SalTol1 for salinity tolerance at vegetative stage. A candidate gene (Os01g0304100) was identified in this region which encodes a cation chloride cotransporter. Furthermore, on this chromosome two other candidate genes, Os01g0624700 (24.95 Mbp) and Os01g0812000 (34.51 Mbp), were identified that encode a WRKY transcription factor (WRKY 12) and a transcriptional activator of gibberellin-dependent alpha-amylase expression (GAMyb), respectively. Also, a narrow interval on the same chromosome (40.79-42.98 Mbp) carries 12 candidate genes, some of them were not so far reported for salinity tolerance at seedling stage. Two of more interesting genes are Os01g0966000 and Os01g0963000, encoding a plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase and a peroxidase BP1 protein. A candidate gene was identified on chromosome 2 (Os02g0730300 at 30.4 Mbp) encoding a high affinity K+ transporter (HAK). On chromosome 6 a DnaJ-encoding gene and pseudouridine synthase gene were identified. Two novel genes on chromosome 8 including the ABI/VP1 transcription factor and retinoblastoma-related protein (RBR), and 3 novel genes on chromosome 11 including a Lox, F-box and Na+/H+ antiporter, were also identified. CONCLUSION Known or novel candidate genes in this research were identified that can be used for improvement of salinity tolerance in molecular breeding programmes of rice. Further study and identification of effective genes on salinity tolerance by the use of candidate gene-association analysis can help to precisely uncover the mechanisms of salinity tolerance at molecular level. A time dependent relationship between salt tolerance and expression level of candidate genes could be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nayyeripasand
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ali Garoosi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Asadollah Ahmadikhah
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshi University, G.C. Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
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Growth and antioxidant responses of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seedlings to lead and simulated acid rain exposure. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Wang J, Hou W, Christensen MJ, Xia C, Chen T, Zhang Z, Nan Z. The fungal endophyte Epichloë gansuensis increases NaCl-tolerance in Achnatherum inebrians through enhancing the activity of plasma membrane H +-ATPase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:452-465. [PMID: 32430851 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress negatively affects plant growth, and the fungal endophyte Epichloëgansuensis increases the tolerance of its host grass species, Achnatherum inebrians, to abiotic stresses. In this work, we first evaluated the effects of E. gansuensis on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase activity of Achnatherum inebrians plants under varying NaCl concentrations. Our results showed that the presence of E. gansuensis increased G6PDH, PM H+-ATPase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity to decrease O2•-, H2O2 and Na+ contents in A. inebrians under NaCl stress, resulting in enhanced salt tolerance. In addition, the PM NADPH oxidase activity and NADPH/NADP+ ratios were all lower in A. inebrians with E. ganusensis plants than A. inebrians plants without this endophyte under NaCl stress. In conclusion, E. gansuensis has a positive role in improving host grass yield under NaCl stress by enhancing the activity of G6PDH and PM H+-ATPase to decrease ROS content. This provides a new way for the selection of stress-resistant and high-quality forage varieties by the use of systemic fungal endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry; Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry; Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Michael J Christensen
- Retired scientist of AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11-008, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Chao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry; Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry; Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry; Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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15
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Liang C, Ma Y, Li L. Comparison of plasma membrane H +-ATPase response to acid rain stress between rice and soybean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:6389-6400. [PMID: 31873880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain is a global environmental issue due to inhibiting severely plant growth and productivity. To discover the tolerant mechanism in plants under acid rain stress, we studied the difference in response of two crops (rice and soybean) to simulated acid rain (pH 5.0 ~ 2.5) at growth and physiological, biochemical and molecular levels during exposure and recovery periods by hydroponics. By analyzing the change in relative growth rate, chlorophyll content and plasma permeability in rice and soybean, we found that rice could tolerate acid rain above pH 3.0 whereas soybean could tolerate acid rain above pH 4.5. By RT-PCR analyses, immunoprecipitation and enzyme kinetics study, we observed that pH 4.5 acid rain promoted the transcriptional expression of H+-ATPase genes and the phosphorylation of H+-ATPase and increased H+-ATPase activity in the two crops for resisting acid stress. The increased degree in soybean was larger than that in rice. Acid rain at pH 3.0 still promoted the transcription regulation to maintain H+-ATPase activity higher in rice for resisting stress but caused irreversible inhibition on express of H+-ATPase and decreased H+-ATPase activity in soybean. All results suggest that the different tolerance in rice and soybean to acid rain stress could be associated with difference in plasma membrane H+-ATPase at transcriptional regulation, post-translational modification and the substrate affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Yongjia Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lingrui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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16
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Xalxo R, Keshavkant S. Melatonin, glutathione and thiourea attenuates lead and acid rain-induced deleterious responses by regulating gene expression of antioxidants in Trigonella foenum graecum L. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 221:1-10. [PMID: 30634143 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead and acid rain are important abiotic stress factors that limit the growth, development, metabolic activity and yield of the crops. Melatonin (MT; an indoleamine molecule), glutathione (GSH; free thiol tripeptide) and thiourea (TU; non physiological thiol based ROS scavenger) have been known to mediate several physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in plants under different kinds of environmental threats. However, the roles of MT, GSH and TU in stress tolerance against combined effect of lead and simulated acid rain (SAR) remains inexpressible. In this study, we investigated the response of Trigonella foenum graecum L. (Fenugreek) to combined application of lead (1200 ppm) and SAR (pH 3.5), and the potential roles of MT (50 μM), GSH (1 mM) and TU (3 mM) in enhancing lead and SAR stress tolerance of Fenugreek. The results showed that co-application of each MT, GSH and TU along with lead and SAR improved the growth and development of seedlings. Moreover, MT, GSH and TU treatments stabilized the cell membrane integrity, reduced ROS accumulation [superoxide radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)], malondialdehyde (MDA) content, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and, enhanced protein accumulation and up-regulated the gene expressions of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly. Furthermore, the present work provides strong evidence regarding protective roles of MT, GSH and TU against oxidative stress resulted from lead and SAR stress in Fenugreek. Considering these observations, MT, GSH and TU can be utilized as efficient ROS scavengers, for improving growth and increasing antioxidant capacity in lead and SAR stressed seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Xalxo
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - S Keshavkant
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India.
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17
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Liang C, Zhang B. Effect of exogenous calcium on growth, nutrients uptake and plasma membrane H +-ATPase and Ca 2+-ATPase activities in soybean (Glycine max) seedlings under simulated acid rain stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:261-269. [PMID: 30205327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) is one of essential elements for plant growth and development, and also plays a role in regulating plant cell physiology and cellular response to the environment. Here, we studied whether calcium played a role in enhancing tolerance of plants to acid rain stress by hydroponics and simulating acid rain stress. Our results show that acid rain (pH 4.5/pH 3.0) caused decreases in dry weight biomass, chlorophyll content and uptake of nutrients elements (NO3-, P, K, Mg, Zn and Mo) and an increase in membrane permeability of root. However, all parameters in soybean treated with exogenous calcium (5 mM) and acid rain at pH 4.5 were closed to the control levels. In addition, exogenous calcium (5 mM) alleviated the inhibition induced by pH 3.0 acid rain on the activity of plasma membranes H+-ATPase and the expression of GmPHA1 at transcriptional level, being benefiting to maintaining uptake of nutrients (NO3-, P, K, Mg, and Zn), and then lower the decrease in dry weight biomass and chlorophyll content. After a 5-day recovery (without acid rain stress), all parameters in soybean treated with acid rain at pH 3.0 and exogenous calcium were still worse than those of the control, but obviously better than those treated with acid rain at pH 3.0. Higher activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase in soybean treated with acid rain at pH 3.0 and exogenous calcium was good to uptake of nutrients and promoted the recovery of soybean growth, compared with soybean treated with acid rain at pH 3.0. In conclusion, exogenous calcium could alleviate the inhibition caused by acid rain on soybean growth by increasing the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase for providing driving force to nutrient absorption, and its regulating effect was limited by intensity of acid rain. Furthermore, the application of exogenous calcium can be one of ways to alleviate the damage caused by acid rain to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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18
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Wang C, Wang W, Sardans J, An W, Zeng C, Abid AA, Peñuelas J. Effect of simulated acid rain on CO 2, CH 4 and N 2O fluxes and rice productivity in a subtropical Chinese paddy field. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1196-1205. [PMID: 30267916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The need of more food production, an increase in acidic deposition and the large capacity of paddy to emit greenhouse gases all coincide in several areas of China. Studying the effects of acid rain on the emission of greenhouse gases and the productivity of rice paddies are thus important, because these effects are currently unknown. We conducted a field experiment for two rice croppings (early and late paddies independent experiment) to determine the effects of simulated acid rain (control, normal rain, and treatments with rain at pH of 4.5, 3.5 and 2.5) on the fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O and on rice productivity in subtropical China. Total CO2 fluxes at pHs of 4.5, 3.5 and 2.5 were 10.3, 9.7 and 3.2% lower in the early paddy and 28.3, 14.8 and 6.8% lower in the late paddy, respectively, than the control. These differences from the control were significant for pH 3.5 and 4.5. Total CH4 fluxes at pHs of 4.5, 3.5 and 2.5 were 50.4, 32.9 and 25.2% lower in the early paddy, respectively, than the control. pH had no significant effect on CH4 flux in the late paddy or for total (early + late) emissions. N2O flux was significantly higher at pH 2.5 than 3.5 and 4.5 but did not differ significantly from the flux in the control. Global-warming potentials (GWPs) were lower than the control at pH 3.5 and 4.5 but not 2.5, whereas rice yield was not appreciably affected by pH. Acid rain (between 3.5 and 4.5) may thus significantly affect greenhouse gases emissions by altering soil properties such as pH and nutrient pools, whereas highly acidic rain (pH 2.5) could increase GWPs (but not significantly), probably partially due to an increase in the production of plant litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Wanli An
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Congsheng Zeng
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process, Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Abbas Ali Abid
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Liu H, Ren X, Zhu J, Wu X, Liang C. Effect of exogenous abscisic acid on morphology, growth and nutrient uptake of rice (Oryza sativa) roots under simulated acid rain stress. PLANTA 2018; 248:647-659. [PMID: 29855701 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Application of proper ABA can improve acid tolerance of rice roots by balancing endogenous hormones and promoting nutrient uptake. Abscisic acid (ABA) has an important signaling role in enhancing plant tolerance to environmental stress. To alleviate the inhibition on plant growth and productivity caused by acid rain, it is crucial to clarify the regulating mechanism of ABA on adaptation of plants to acid rain. Here, we studied the effects of exogenously applied ABA on nutrients uptake of rice roots under simulated acid rain (SAR) stress from physiological, biochemical and molecular aspects. Compared to the single SAR treatment (pH 4.5 or 3.5), exogenous 10 μM ABA alleviated the SAR-induced inhibition of root growth by balancing endogenous hormones (abscisic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid and zeatin), promoting nutrient uptake (nitrate, P, K and Mg) in rice roots, and increasing the activity of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase by up-regulating expression levels of genes (OSA2, OSA4, OSA9 and OSA10). However, exogenous 100 μM ABA exacerbated the SAR-caused inhibition of root growth by disrupting the balance of endogenous hormones, and inhibiting nutrient uptake (nitrate, P, K, Ca and Mg) through decreasing the activity of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. These results indicate that proper concentration of exogenous ABA could enhance tolerance of rice roots to SAR stress by promoting nutrients uptake and balancing endogenous hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiuzheng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Chanjuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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20
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Zhang F, Cheng M, Sun Z, Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X. Combined acid rain and lanthanum pollution and its potential ecological risk for nitrogen assimilation in soybean seedling roots. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:524-532. [PMID: 28841504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) are used in various fields, resulting in their accumulation in the environment. This accumulation has affected the survival and distribution of crops in various ways. Acid rain is a serious global environmental problem. The combined effects on crops from these two types of pollution have been reported, but the effects on crop root nitrogen assimilation are rarely known. To explore the impact of combined contamination from these two pollutants on crop nitrogen assimilation, the soybean seedlings were treated with simulated environmental pollution from acid rain and a representative rare earth ion, lanthanum ion (La3+), then the indexes related to plant nitrogen assimilation process in roots were determined. The results showed that combined treatment with pH 4.5 acid rain and 0.08 mM La3+ promoted nitrogen assimilation synergistically, while the other combined treatments all showed inhibitory effects. Moreover, acid rain aggravated the inhibitory effect of 1.20 or 0.40 mM La3+ on nitrogen assimilation in soybean seedling roots. Thus, the effects of acid rain and La3+ on crops depended on the combination levels of acid rain intensity and La3+ concentration. Acid rain increases the bioavailability of La3+, and the combined effects of these two pollutants were more serious than that of either pollutant alone. These results provide new evidence in favor of limiting overuse of REEs in agriculture. This work also provides a new framework for ecological risk assessment of combined acid rain and REEs pollution on soybean crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengzhu Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhaoguo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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21
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Ju S, Wang L, Yin N, Li D, Wang Y, Zhang C. Silicon alleviates simulated acid rain stress of Oryza sativa L. seedlings by adjusting physiology activity and mineral nutrients. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:2071-2081. [PMID: 28303353 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been a modulator in plants under abiotic stresses, such as acid rain. To understand how silicon made an effect on rice (Oryza sativa L.) exposed to simulated acid rain (SAR) stress, the growth, physiologic activity, and mineral nutrient content in leaves of rice were investigated. The results showed that combined treatments with Si (1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mM) and SAR (pH 4.0, 3.0, or 2.0) obviously improved the rice growth compared with the single treatment with SAR. Incorporation of Si into SAR treatment decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content; increased soluble protein and proline contents; promoted CAT, POD, SOD, and APX activity; and maintained the K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu content balance in leaves of rice seedlings under SAR stress. The moderate concentration of Si (2.0 mM) was better than the low and high concentration of Si (1.0 and 4.0 mM). Therefore, application of Si could be a better strategy for maintaining the crop productivity in acid rain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Ju
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining & Technology, No.1, Daxue Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
- Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou, 221111, China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining & Technology, No.1, Daxue Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China.
| | - Ningning Yin
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining & Technology, No.1, Daxue Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining & Technology, No.1, Daxue Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou, 221111, China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining & Technology, No.1, Daxue Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China
- Xuzhou Institute of Technology, Xuzhou, 221111, China
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22
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Xia B, Sun Z, Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X. Analysis of the combined effects of lanthanum and acid rain, and their mechanisms, on nitrate reductase transcription in plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 138:170-178. [PMID: 28056417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth element (REE) pollution and acid rain are major global environmental concerns, and their spatial distributions overlap. Thus, both forms of pollution combine to act on plants. Nitrogen is important for plant growth, and nitrate reductase (NR) is a key plant enzyme that catalyzes nitrogen assimilation. Studying the combined effects of REEs and acid rain on plant nitrogen-based nutrients has important environmental significance. Here, soybean (Glycine max) plants, commonly used for toxicological studies, were exposed to lanthanum (La), a REE, and acid rain to study the NR activities and NR transcriptional levels in the roots. To explain how the pollution affected the NR transcriptional level, we simultaneously observed the contents of intracellular La and nutrient elements, protoplast morphology, membrane lipid peroxidation and intracellular pH. A combined treatment of 0.08mmol/L La and pH 4.5 acid rain increased the NR activity, decreased the NR transcriptional level, increased the intracellular nutrient elements' contents and caused deformations in membrane structures. Other combined treatments significantly decreased the aforementioned parameters and caused serious damage to the membrane structures. The variation in the amplitudes of combined treatments was greater than those of individual treatments. Compared with the control and individual treatments, combined treatments increased membrane permeability, the malondialdehyde content, and intracellular H+ and La contents, and with an increasing La concentration or acid strength, the change in amplitude increased. Thus, the combined effects on NR gene transcription in soybean seedling roots were related to the intracellular nutrient elements' contents, protoplast morphology, membranous lipid peroxidation, intracellular pH and La content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zhaoguo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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23
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Sun J, Hu H, Li Y, Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X. Effects and mechanism of acid rain on plant chloroplast ATP synthase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18296-18306. [PMID: 27278067 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain can directly or indirectly affect plant physiological functions, especially photosynthesis. The enzyme ATP synthase is the key in photosynthetic energy conversion, and thus, it affects plant photosynthesis. To clarify the mechanism by which acid rain affects photosynthesis, we studied the effects of acid rain on plant growth, photosynthesis, chloroplast ATP synthase activity and gene expression, chloroplast ultrastructure, intracellular H(+) level, and water content of rice seedlings. Acid rain at pH 4.5 remained the chloroplast structure unchanged but increased the expression of six chloroplast ATP synthase subunits, promoted chloroplast ATP synthase activity, and increased photosynthesis and plant growth. Acid rain at pH 4.0 or less decreased leaf water content, destroyed chloroplast structure, inhibited the expression of six chloroplast ATP synthase subunits, decreased chloroplast ATP synthase activity, and reduced photosynthesis and plant growth. In conclusion, acid rain affected the chloroplast ultrastructure, chloroplast ATPase transcription and activity, and P n by changing the acidity in the cells, and thus influencing the plant growth and development. Finally, the effects of simulated acid rain on the test indices were found to be dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yueli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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24
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Xu H, Zhao X, Guo C, Chen L, Li K. Spinach 14-3-3 protein interacts with the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase and nitrate reductase in response to excess nitrate stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 106:187-197. [PMID: 27161584 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the function of 14-3-3 protein in response to excess nitrate stress, a 14-3-3 protein, designated as So14-3-3, was isolated from spinach. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that So14-3-3 belongs to non-ε group of 14-3-3 superfamily. Real time-quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that So14-3-3 was induced by excess nitrate stress in spinach roots and leaves. After nitrate treatment, the phosphorylated H(+)-ATPase and nitrate reductase (NR) increased and decreased respectively. Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) suggested that the interaction of So14-3-3 with the phosphorylated H(+)-ATPase enhanced, but reduced with phosphorylated NR in spinach roots after nitrate treatment. Besides, 5 proteins interacted with So14-3-3 were found by Co-IP and LC-MS/MS analysis. So14-3-3 overexpressing transgenic tobacco plants showed enhanced tolerance to nitrate treatment at the germination and young seedlings stage. The transgenic plants showed longer root length, lower malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, protein carbonyl contents, relatively higher soluble sugar and protein contents, than the WT plants after nitrate treatment. The phosphorylation levels of H(+)-ATPase in transgenic plants were higher than the WT plants after nitrate treatment, whereas NR were lower. Additionally, in transgenic plants, the interaction of So14-3-3 with phosphorylated H(+)-ATPase and NR increased and decreased more than the WT plants under nitrate stress, leading to higher H(+)-ATPase and NR activities in transgenic plants. These data suggested that So14-3-3 might be involved in nitrate stress response by interacting with H(+)-ATPase and NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huini Xu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Xiuling Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Limei Chen
- Biotechnology Research Center, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Kunzhi Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, PR China.
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25
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Toda Y, Wang Y, Takahashi A, Kawai Y, Tada Y, Yamaji N, Feng Ma J, Ashikari M, Kinoshita T. Oryza sativa H+-ATPase (OSA) is Involved in the Regulation of Dumbbell-Shaped Guard Cells of Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1220-30. [PMID: 27048369 PMCID: PMC4904443 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The stomatal apparatus consists of a pair of guard cells and regulates gas exchange between the leaf and atmosphere. In guard cells, blue light (BL) activates H(+)-ATPase in the plasma membrane through the phosphorylation of its penultimate threonine, mediating stomatal opening. Although this regulation is thought to be widely adopted among kidney-shaped guard cells in dicots, the molecular basis underlying that of dumbbell-shaped guard cells in monocots remains unclear. Here, we show that H(+)-ATPases are involved in the regulation of dumbbell-shaped guard cells. Stomatal opening of rice was promoted by the H(+)-ATPase activator fusicoccin and by BL, and the latter was suppressed by the H(+)-ATPase inhibitor vanadate. Using H(+)-ATPase antibodies, we showed the presence of phosphoregulation of the penultimate threonine in Oryza sativa H(+)-ATPases (OSAs) and localization of OSAs in the plasma membrane of guard cells. Interestingly, we identified one H(+)-ATPase isoform, OSA7, that is preferentially expressed among the OSA genes in guard cells, and found that loss of function of OSA7 resulted in partial insensitivity to BL. We conclude that H(+)-ATPase is involved in BL-induced stomatal opening of dumbbell-shaped guard cells in monocotyledon species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Toda
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Genetically Modified Organism Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602 Japan
| | - Yuya Kawai
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yasuomi Tada
- Center of Gene Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Bioscience Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
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26
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Yao FF, Ding HM, Feng LL, Chen JJ, Yang SY, Wang XH. Photosynthetic and growth responses of Schima superba seedlings to sulfuric and nitric acid depositions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8644-58. [PMID: 26797956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A continuing rise in acid deposition can cause forest degradation. In China, acid deposition has converted gradually from sulfuric acid deposition (SAD) to nitric acid deposition (NAD). However, the differing responses of photosynthesis and growth to depositions of sulfuric vs. nitric acid have not been well studied. In this study, 1-year-old seedlings of Schima superba, a dominant species in subtropical forests, were treated with two types of acid deposition SO4 (2-)/NO3 (-) ratios (8:1 and 0.7:1) with two applications (foliar spraying and soil drenching) at two pH levels (pH 3.5 and pH 2.5) over a period of 18 months. The results showed that the intensity, acid deposition type, and spraying method had significant effects on the physiological characteristics and growth performance of seedlings. Acid deposition at pH 2.5 via foliar application reduced photosynthesis and growth of S. superba, especially in the first year. Unlike SAD, NAD with high acidity potentially alleviated the negative effects of acidity on physiological properties and growth, probably due to a fertilization effect that improved foliar nitrogen and chlorophyll contents. Our results suggest that trees were damaged mainly by direct acid stress in the short term, whereas in the long term, soil acidification was also likely to be a major risk to forest ecosystems. Our data suggest that the shift in acid deposition type may complicate the ongoing challenge of anthropogenic acid deposition to ecosystem stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Yao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, 315114, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Ming Ding
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Feng
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Chen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Hua Wang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China.
- Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, 315114, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
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