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Hussain A, Saeed A. Hazardous or Advantageous: Uncovering the Roles of Heavy Metals and Humic Substances in Shilajit (Phyto-mineral) with Emphasis on Heavy Metals Toxicity and Their Detoxification Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04109-4. [PMID: 38393486 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Shilajit is a phyto-mineral diffusion and semi-solid matter used as traditional medicine with extraordinary health benefits. This study provides a comprehensive data on Shilajit with emphasis on heavy metal profile, associated toxicities, and metal detoxification mechanisms by humic substances present in Shilajit. Data was searched across papers and traditional books using Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Medline, SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus as key scientific databases. Findings showed that Shilajit is distributed in almost 20 regions of the world with uses against 20 health problems as traditional medicine. With various humic substances, almost 11 biological activities were reported in Shilajit. This phyto-mineral diffusion possesses around 65 heavy metals including the toxic heavy metals like Cu, Al, Pb, As, Cd, and Hg. However, humic substances in Shilajit actively detoxify around 12 heavy metals. The recommended levels of heavy metals by WHO and FDA in herbal drugs is 0.20 and 0.30 ppm for Cd, 1 ppm for Hg, 10.00 ppm for As and Pb, 20 ppm for Cu, and 50 ppm for Zn. The levels of reported metals in Shilajit were found to be lower than the permissible limits set by WHO and FDA, except in few studies where exceeded levels were reported. Shilajit consumption without knowing permissible levels of metals is not safe and could pose serious health problems. Although the humic substances and few metals in Shilajit are beneficial in terms of chelating toxic heavy metals, the data on metal detoxification still needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Hussain
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Saeed
- Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore, 54600, Punjab, Pakistan
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2
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Stepin EA, Sushko ES, Vnukova NG, Churilov GN, Rogova AV, Tomilin FN, Kudryasheva NS. Effects of Endohedral Gd-Containing Fullerenols with a Different Number of Oxygen Substituents on Bacterial Bioluminescence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:708. [PMID: 38255785 PMCID: PMC10815327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-containing fullerenols are perspective agents for magnetic resonance imaging and cancer research. They combine the unique paramagnetic properties of Gd with solubility in water, low toxicity and antiradical activity of fullerenols. We compared the bioeffects of two Gd-containing fullerenols with a different number of oxygen groups-20 and 42: Gd@C82O20H14 and Gd@C82O42H32. The bioluminescent bacteria-based assay was applied to monitor the toxicity of fullerenols, bioluminescence was applied as a signal physiological parameter, and bacterial enzyme-based assay was used to evaluate the fullerenol effects on enzymatic intracellular processes. Chemiluminescence luminol assay was applied to monitor the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial and enzymatic media. It was shown that Gd@C82O42H32 and Gd@C82O20H14 inhibited bacterial bioluminescence at >10-1 and >10-2 gL-1, respectively, revealing a lower toxicity of Gd@C82O42H32. Low-concentration (10-3-10-1 gL-1) bacterial bioluminescence activation by Gd@C82O42H32 was observed, while this activation was not found under exposure to Gd@C82O20H14. Additional carboxyl groups in the structure of Gd@C82O42H32 were determined by infrared spectroscopy and confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. The groups were supposed to endow Gd@C82O42H32 with higher penetration ability through the cellular membrane, activation ability, lower toxicity, balancing of the ROS content in the bacterial suspensions, and lower aggregation in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evsei A. Stepin
- Biophysics Department, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.S.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Sushko
- Biophysics Department, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
| | - Natalia G. Vnukova
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
- Department of Solid State Physics and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660074 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Grigoriy N. Churilov
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
- Department of Solid State Physics and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660074 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Rogova
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, 660025 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Felix N. Tomilin
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.); (F.N.T.)
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, 660025 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva
- Biophysics Department, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.S.)
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Hriciková S, Kožárová I, Hudáková N, Reitznerová A, Nagy J, Marcinčák S. Humic Substances as a Versatile Intermediary. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040858. [PMID: 37109387 PMCID: PMC10142745 DOI: 10.3390/life13040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances are organic ubiquitous components arising in the process of chemical and microbiological oxidation, generally called humification, the second largest process of the carbon cycle. The beneficial properties of these various substances can be observed in many fields of life and health, whether it is the impact on the human organism, as prophylactic as well as the therapeutic effects; animal physiology and welfare, which is widely used in livestock farming; or the impact of humic substances on the environment and ecosystem in the context of renewal, fertilization and detoxification. Since animal health, human health and environmental health are interconnected and mutually influencing, this work brings insight into the excellence of the use of humic substances as a versatile mediator contributing to the promotion of One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Hriciková
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivona Kožárová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Nikola Hudáková
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Anna Reitznerová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Nagy
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Slavomír Marcinčák
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
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Kicheeva AG, Sushko ES, Bondarenko LS, Kydralieva KA, Pankratov DA, Tropskaya NS, Dzeranov AA, Dzhardimalieva GI, Zarrelli M, Kudryasheva NS. Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles: Characterization, Bioeffects, and Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Unicellular and Enzymatic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021133. [PMID: 36674650 PMCID: PMC9861541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluates the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bioeffects of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), such as bare (Fe3O4), humic acids (Fe3O4-HA), and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (Fe3O4-APTES) modified MNPs. Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to identify the local surrounding for Fe atom/ions and the depth of modification for MNPs. It was found that the Fe3O4-HA MNPs contain the smallest, whereas the Fe3O4-APTES MNPs contain the largest amount of Fe2+ ions. Bioluminescent cellular and enzymatic assays were applied to monitor the toxicity and anti-(pro-)oxidant activity of MNPs. The contents of ROS were determined by a chemiluminescence luminol assay evaluating the correlations with toxicity/anti-(pro-)oxidant coefficients. Toxic effects of modified MNPs were found at higher concentrations (>10−2 g/L); they were related to ROS storage in bacterial suspensions. MNPs stimulated ROS production by the bacteria in a wide concentration range (10−15−1 g/L). Under the conditions of model oxidative stress and higher concentrations of MNPs (>10−4 g/L), the bacterial bioassay revealed prooxidant activity of all three MNP types, with corresponding decay of ROS content. Bioluminescence enzymatic assay did not show any sensitivity to MNPs, with negligible change in ROS content. The results clearly indicate that cell-membrane processes are responsible for the bioeffects and bacterial ROS generation, confirming the ferroptosis phenomenon based on iron-initiated cell-membrane lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina G. Kicheeva
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S. Sushko
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Physics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Lyubov S. Bondarenko
- Department of General Engineering, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamila A. Kydralieva
- Department of General Engineering, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis A. Pankratov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya S. Tropskaya
- Department of General Engineering, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 125993 Moscow, Russia
- Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, 129010 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artur A. Dzeranov
- Department of General Engineering, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 125993 Moscow, Russia
- Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, 129010 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Department of General Engineering, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 125993 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Mauro Zarrelli
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, P.le Fermi, 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center” of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-3912-494-242
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5
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Kolesnik OV, Rozhko TV, Kudryasheva NS. Marine Bacteria under Low-Intensity Radioactive Exposure: Model Experiments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010410. [PMID: 36613854 PMCID: PMC9820739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactive contaminants create problems all over world, involving marine ecosystems, with their ecological importance increasing in the future. The review focuses on bioeffects of a series of alpha and beta emitting radioisotopes (americium-241, uranium-(235 + 238), thorium-232, and tritium) and gamma radiation. Low-intensity exposures are under special consideration. Great attention has been paid to luminous marine bacteria as representatives of marine microorganisms and a conventional bioassay system. This bioassay uses bacterial bioluminescence intensity as the main testing physiological parameter; currently, it is widely applied due to its simplicity and sensitivity. Dependences of the bacterial luminescence response on the exposure time and irradiation intensity were reviewed, and applicability of hormetic or threshold models was discussed. A number of aspects of molecular intracellular processes under exposure to low-intensity radiation were analyzed: (a) changes in the rates of enzymatic processes in bacteria with the bioluminescent system of coupled enzymatic reactions of NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase and bacterial luciferase taken as an example; (b) consumption of an intracellular reducer, NADH; (c) active role of reactive oxygen species; (d) repairing of the DNA damage. The results presented confirm the function of humic substances as natural radioprotectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Kolesnik
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center ‘Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS’, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Rozhko
- FSBEI HE V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky KrasSMU MOH, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center ‘Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS’, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Biophysics Department, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
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6
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Yang J, Hu S, Wu M, Liao A, Liang S, Lin Y. Construction of luminescent Escherichia coli via expressing lux operons and their application on toxicity test. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6317-6333. [PMID: 36028635 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant luminescent Escherichia coli strains could be used to detect the toxicity of pure or mixed contaminants as a light-off sensor. In this work, the lux operon of Photobacterium phosphoreum T3 was identified for the first time. Recombinant luminescent E. coli strains were constructed via expressing the lux operons of P. phosphoreum T3 and Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67 in E. coli MG1655, and the optimal protectant containing 10% (w/v) trehalose and 4% sucrose was used to prepare the freeze-dried recombinant luminescent E. coli cells. Then, these freeze-dried E. coli cells were subjected to acute toxicity detection. The results showed that luminescent E. coli strains displayed sensitive toxic responses to BPA, nFe2O3, Cd, Pb, As, and Hg, for example, the EC50 values of BPA and nFe2O3 to luminescent E. coli strains ranged from 1.54 to 50.19 mg/l and 17.50 to 21.52 mg/l, respectively. Indeed, luminescent E. coli strains exhibited more sensitive responses to Cd, Pb, and Hg than the natural strain Q67. The results suggested that recombinant luminescent E. coli strains could be used for the detection of acute toxicity. Furthermore, the combined toxicities of BPA and nFe2O3, Hg, and Pb were measured, and the joint effects of these mixtures were evaluated with luminescent E. coli. The results indicated that the joint effects of BPA and nFe2O3 suggested to be synergistic or additive to luminescent E. coli, while the joint effects of heavy metals and nFe2O3 exhibited additivities. The cellular endocytosis for Fe2O3 nanoparticles was not observed, which could explain the additive instead of synergistic effects between heavy metals and nFe2O3. KEY POINTS: • Sequence of the lux operon from P. phosphoreum T3 was reported for the first time. • Recombinant luminescent E. coli was more sensitive to Cd, Pb, and Hg than Q67. • Joint effects of BPA and nFe2O3 were synergistic or additive to luminescent E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shulin Hu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Minhui Wu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Anqi Liao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuli Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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7
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Varma K, Jha PK, Mukherjee S, Singhal A, Kumar M. Provenances, preponderances, and distribution of humic acids and organic pollutants in hydro-geosphere: The co-existence, interaction and isotopic biomarkers in the riverine ecosystem. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 313:114996. [PMID: 35395527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to critically review the importance of geochemical fingerprinting and tracing using biomarkers and stable isotopes in the riverine ecosystem and depicts that isotopic ratios of δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S can be used for tracing pollution sources. Stable isotopes like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur are being used for this purpose, and their isotopic signatures are primarily used to distinguish close sources of organic matter through dual isotopes. The present review is articulated to bridge the critical research gaps of the previous and contemporary documented literature on the genesis and transport of OM between freshwater and marine systems. This review comprehensively provides methods and techniques in geochemical tracing and discusses the future directions to address the challenges of the current methods to enhance the knowledge about the source identification of organic matter in the riverine environment. Tracer geochemistry emphasizes the implications of elemental abundances and isotope ratio variations in geologic substances to track natural earth processes, anthropogenic contaminants, and geochemical signatures in the hydrologic system. The principal constituent of organic matter comprises humic substances like humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin, and these comprise 50-75% of the sediments and DOC in natural waters. Their structural and functional characterization is required to elucidate the transport and fate of organic matter, which are often influenced by several paleoenvironmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriti Varma
- Centre of Environmental Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Jha
- Centre of Environmental Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- School of Agriculture Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Singhal
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Sustainability Cluster, School for Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, 248007, India.
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Yang J, Liao A, Hu S, Zheng Y, Liang S, Han S, Lin Y. Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Binary Mixtures of Bisphenol A and Heavy Metals. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10050255. [PMID: 35622668 PMCID: PMC9145676 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and heavy metals are widespread contaminants in the environment. However, the combined toxicities of these contaminants are still unknown. In this study, the bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio qinghaiensis Q67 was used to detect the single and combined toxicities of BPA and heavy metals, then the joint effects of these contaminants were evaluated. The results show that chronic toxicities of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and BPA were time−dependent; in fact, the acute toxicities of these contaminants were stronger than the chronic toxicities. Furthermore, the combined toxicities of BPA and heavy metals displayed BPA + Hg > BPA + Cr > BPA + As > BPA + Ni > BPA + Pb > BPA + Cd in the acute test and BPA + Hg > BPA + Cd > BPA + As > BPA + Cd in the chronic test, which suggested that the combined toxicity of BPA and Hg was stronger than that of other mixtures in acute as well as chronic tests. Additionally, both CA and IA models underestimated the toxicities of mixtures at low concentrations but overestimated them at high concentrations, which indicates that CA and IA models were not suitable to predict the toxicities of mixtures of BPA and heavy metals. Moreover, the joint effects of BPA and heavy metals mainly showed antagonism and additive in the context of acute exposure but synergism and additive in the context of chronic exposure. Indeed, the difference in the joint effects on acute and chronic exposure can be explained by the possibility that mixtures inhibited cell growth and luminescence in chronic cultivation. The chronic toxicity of the mixture should be considered if the mixture results in the inhibition of the growth of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Y.); (A.L.); (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (S.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Anqi Liao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Y.); (A.L.); (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Shulin Hu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Y.); (A.L.); (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (S.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiwen Zheng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Y.); (A.L.); (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (S.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuli Liang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Y.); (A.L.); (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (S.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuangyan Han
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Y.); (A.L.); (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (S.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Y.); (A.L.); (S.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.); (S.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-39380698
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9
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Sushko ES, Vnukova NG, Churilov GN, Kudryasheva NS. Endohedral Gd-Containing Fullerenol: Toxicity, Antioxidant Activity, and Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cellular and Enzymatic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095152. [PMID: 35563539 PMCID: PMC9106034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Gd-containing metallofullerene derivatives are perspective magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. We studied the bioeffects of a water-soluble fullerene derivative, gadolinium-endohedral fullerenol, with 40−42 oxygen groups (Gd@Fln). Bioluminescent cellular and enzymatic assays were applied to monitor toxicity and antioxidant activity of Gd@Fln in model solutions; bioluminescence was applied as a signaling physiological parameter. The Gd@Fln inhibited bioluminescence at high concentrations (>2·10−1 gL−1), revealing lower toxicity as compared to the previously studied fullerenols. Efficient activation of bioluminescence (up to almost 100%) and consumption of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial suspension were observed under low-concentration exposure to Gd@Fln (10−3−2·10−1 gL−1). Antioxidant capability of Gd@Fln was studied under conditions of model oxidative stress (i.e., solutions of model organic and inorganic oxidizers); antioxidant coefficients of Gd@Fln were determined at different concentrations and times of exposure. Contents of ROS were evaluated and correlations with toxicity/antioxidant coefficients were determined. The bioeffects of Gd@Fln were explained by hydrophobic interactions, electron affinity, and disturbing of ROS balance in the bioluminescence systems. The results contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of “hormetic” cellular responses. Advantages of the bioluminescence assays to compare bioeffects of fullerenols based on their structural characteristics were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S. Sushko
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-3912-494-242
| | - Natalia G. Vnukova
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.)
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Grigoriy N. Churilov
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (N.G.V.); (G.N.C.)
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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10
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Adaptation of a Bacterial Bioluminescent Assay to Monitor Bioeffects of Gold Nanoparticles. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020061. [PMID: 35200414 PMCID: PMC8868574 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our current study aimed to adapt a bioluminescent bacteria-based bioassay to monitor the bioeffects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Luminous marine bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum and AuNPs modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone were employed; low-concentration (≤10−3 g/L) bioeffects of AuNPs were studied. Bioluminescence intensity was used as an indicator of physiological activity in bacteria. Two additional methods were used: reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was estimated with a chemiluminescent luminol method, and bacterial size was monitored using electron microscopy. The bacterial bioluminescent response to AuNPs corresponded to the “hormesis” model and involved time-dependent bioluminescence activation, as well as a pronounced increase in the number of enlarged bacteria. We found negative correlations between the time courses of bioluminescence and the ROS content in bacterial suspensions, demonstrating the relationship between bioluminescence activation and bacterial ROS consumption. The combined effects of AuNPs and a beta-emitting radionuclide, tritium, revealed suppression of bacterial bioluminescent activity (as compared to their individual effects) and a reduced percentage of enlarged bacteria. Therefore, we demonstrated that our bacteria-based bioluminescence assay is an appropriate tool to study the bioeffects of AuNPs; the bioeffects can be further classified within a unified framework for rapid bioassessment.
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11
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Esimbekova EN, Torgashina IG, Kalyabina VP, Kratasyuk VA. Enzymatic Biotesting: Scientific Basis and Application. CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425521030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Toxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Fullerenol C 60,70 with Low Number of Oxygen Substituents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126382. [PMID: 34203700 PMCID: PMC8232284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerene is a nanosized carbon structure with potential drug delivery applications. We studied the bioeffects of a water-soluble fullerene derivative, fullerenol, with 10-12 oxygen groups (F10-12); its structure was characterized by IR and XPS spectroscopy. A bioluminescent enzyme system was used to study toxic and antioxidant effects of F10-12 at the enzymatic level. Antioxidant characteristics of F10-12 were revealed in model solutions of organic and inorganic oxidizers. Low-concentration activation of bioluminescence was validated statistically in oxidizer solutions. Toxic and antioxidant characteristics of F10-12 were compared to those of homologous fullerenols with a higher number of oxygen groups:F24-28 and F40-42. No simple dependency was found between the toxic/antioxidant characteristics and the number of oxygen groups on the fullerene’s carbon cage. Lower toxicity and higher antioxidant activity of F24-28 were identified and presumptively attributed to its higher solubility. An active role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the bioeffects of F10-12 was demonstrated. Correlations between toxic/antioxidant characteristics of F10-12 and ROS content were evaluated. Toxic and antioxidant effects were related to the decrease in ROS content in the enzyme solutions. Our results reveal a complexity of ROS effects in the enzymatic assay system.
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13
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Humic Substances Mitigate the Impact of Tritium on Luminous Marine Bacteria. Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186783. [PMID: 32947870 PMCID: PMC7556015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper studies the combined effects of beta-emitting radionuclide tritium and Humic Substances (HS) on the marine unicellular microorganism—luminous bacteria—under conditions of low-dose radiation exposures (<0.04 Gy). Tritium was used as a component of tritiated water. Bacterial luminescence intensity was considered as a tested physiological parameter. The bioluminescence response of the marine bacteria to tritium corresponded to the “hormesis” model: it included stages of bioluminescence inhibition and activation, as well as the absence of the effect. HS were shown to decrease the inhibition and activation effects of tritium, similar to those of americium-241, alpha-emitting radionuclide, studied earlier. Correlations between the bioluminescence intensity and the content of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were found in the radioactive bacterial suspensions. The results demonstrate an important role of HS in natural processes in the regions of low radioactive contamination: HS can mitigate radiotoxic effects and adaptive response of microorganisms to low-dose radioactive exposures. The involvement of ROS in these processes was demonstrated.
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14
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Bondarenko LS, Kovel ES, Kydralieva KA, Dzhardimalieva GI, Illés E, Tombácz E, Kicheeva AG, Kudryasheva NS. Effects of Modified Magnetite Nanoparticles on Bacterial Cells and Enzyme Reactions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1499. [PMID: 32751621 PMCID: PMC7466415 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current paper presents biological effects of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs). "Relations of MNP' characteristics (zeta-potential and hydrodynamic diameters) with effects on bacteria and their enzymatic reactions were the main focus.". Photobacterium phosphoreum and bacterial enzymatic reactions were chosen as bioassays. Three types of MNPs were under study: bare Fe3O4, Fe3O4 modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (Fe3O4/APTES), and humic acids (Fe3O4/HA). Effects of the MNPs were studied at a low concentration range (< 2 mg/L) and attributed to availability and oxidative activity of Fe3+, high negative surface charge, and low hydrodynamic diameter of Fe3O4/HA, as well as higher Fe3+ content in suspensions of Fe3O4/HA. Low-concentration suspensions of bare Fe3O4 provided inhibitory effects in both bacterial and enzymatic bioassays, whereas the MNPs with modified surface (Fe3O4/APTES and Fe3O4/HA) did not affect the enzymatic activity. Under oxidative stress (i.e., in the solutions of model oxidizer, 1,4-benzoquinone), MNPs did not reveal antioxidant activity, moreover, Fe3O4/HA demonstrated additional inhibitory activity. The study contributes to the deeper understanding of a role of humic substances and silica in biogeochemical cycling of iron. Bioluminescence assays, cellular and enzymatic, can serve as convenient tools to evaluate bioavailability of Fe3+ in natural dispersions of iron-containing nanoparticles, e.g., magnetite, ferrihydrite, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov S. Bondarenko
- Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 125993 Moscow, Russia; (L.S.B.); (K.A.K.); (G.I.D.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Kovel
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
| | - Kamila A. Kydralieva
- Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 125993 Moscow, Russia; (L.S.B.); (K.A.K.); (G.I.D.)
| | - Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 125993 Moscow, Russia; (L.S.B.); (K.A.K.); (G.I.D.)
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Erzsébet Illés
- University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.I.); (E.T.)
| | - Etelka Tombácz
- University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.I.); (E.T.)
| | | | - Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
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15
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Clemente Z, Silva GH, de Souza Nunes MC, Martinez DST, Maurer-Morelli CV, Thomaz AA, Castro VLSS. Exploring the mechanisms of graphene oxide behavioral and morphological changes in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30508-30523. [PMID: 31463743 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of natural organic matter such as humic acid (HA) can influence the behavior of graphene oxide (GO) in the aquatic environment. In this study, zebrafish embryos were analyzed after 5 and 7 days of exposure to GO (100 mg L-1) and HA (20 mg L-1) alone or together. The results indicated that, regardless of the presence of HA, larvae exposed to GO for 5 days showed an increase in locomotor activity, reduction in the yolk sac size, and total length and inhibition of AChE activity, but there was no difference in enzyme expression. The statistical analysis indicated that the reductions in total larval length, yolk sac size, and AChE activity in larvae exposed to GO persisted in relation to the control group, but there was a recovery of these parameters in groups also exposed to HA. Larvae exposed to GO for 7 days did not show significant differences in locomotor activity, but the RT-PCR gene expression analysis evidenced an increase in the AChE expression. Since the embryos exposed to GO showed a reduction in overall length, they were submitted to confocal microscopy and their muscle tissue configuration investigated. No changes were observed in the muscle tissue. The results indicated that HA is associated with the toxicity risk modulation by GO and that some compensatory homeostasis mechanisms may be involved in the developmental effects observed in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Clemente
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, São Paulo, 13820-000, Brazil.
- Brazilian National Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research on Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Helena Silva
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, São Paulo, 13820-000, Brazil
- Brazilian National Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research on Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Miriam Celi de Souza Nunes
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13087-883, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani Teodoro Martinez
- Brazilian National Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research on Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Vianna Maurer-Morelli
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13087-883, Brazil
| | - Andre Alexandre Thomaz
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
- National Institute of Photonics Applied to Cell Biology (INFABIC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
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16
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Kudryasheva NS, Kovel ES. Monitoring of Low-Intensity Exposures via Luminescent Bioassays of Different Complexity: Cells, Enzyme Reactions, and Fluorescent Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4451. [PMID: 31509958 PMCID: PMC6770735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current paper reviews the applications of luminescence bioassays for monitoring the results of low-intensity exposures which produce a stimulative effect. The impacts of radioactivity of different types (alpha, beta, and gamma) and bioactive compounds (humic substances and fullerenols) are under consideration. Bioassays based on luminous marine bacteria, their enzymes, and fluorescent coelenteramide-containing proteins were used to compare the results of the low-intensity exposures at the cellular, biochemical, and physicochemical levels, respectively. High rates of luminescence response can provide (1) a proper number of experimental results under comparable conditions and, therefore, proper statistical processing, with this being highly important for "noisy" low-intensity exposures; and (2) non-genetic, i.e., biochemical and physicochemical mechanisms of cellular response for short-term exposures. The results of cellular exposures were discussed in terms of the hormesis concept, which implies low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition of physiological functions. Dependencies of the luminescence response on the exposure time or intensity (radionuclide concentration/gamma radiation dose rate, concentration of the bioactive compounds) were analyzed and compared for bioassays of different organization levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina S Kovel
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch", Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia
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17
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Kovel ES, Sachkova AS, Vnukova NG, Churilov GN, Knyazeva EM, Kudryasheva NS. Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Fullerenols via Bioluminescence Signaling: Role of Oxygen Substituents. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092324. [PMID: 31083407 PMCID: PMC6539272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fullerenols are nanosized water-soluble polyhydroxylated derivatives of fullerenes, a specific allotropic form of carbon, bioactive compounds, and perspective basis for drug development. Our paper analyzes the antioxidant activity and toxicity of a series of fullerenols with different number of oxygen substituents. Two groups of fullerenols were under investigation: (1) C60Oy(OH)x, C60,70Oy(OH)x, where x+y = 24–28 and (2) C60,70Oy(OH)x, Fe0,5C60Oy(OH)x, Gd@C82Oy(OH)x, where x+y = 40–42. Bioluminescent cellular and enzymatic assays (luminous marine bacteria and their enzymatic reactions, respectively) were applied to monitor toxicity in the model fullerenol solutions and bioluminescence was applied as a signaling physiological parameter. The inhibiting concentrations of the fullerenols were determined, revealing the fullerenols’ toxic effects. Antioxidant fullerenol’ ability was studied in solutions of model oxidizer, 1,4-benzoquinone, and detoxification coefficients of general and oxidative types (DGT and DOxT) were calculated. All fullerenols produced toxic effect at high concentrations (>0.01 g L−1), while their antioxidant activity was demonstrated at low and ultralow concentrations (<0.001 g L−1). Quantitative toxic and antioxidant characteristics of the fullerenols (effective concentrations, concentration ranges, DGT, and DOxT) were found to depend on the number of oxygen substituents. Lower toxicity and higher antioxidant activity were determined in solutions of fullerenols with fewer oxygen substituents (x+y = 24–28). The differences in fullerenol properties were attributed to their catalytic activity due to reversible electron acceptance, radical trapping, and balance of reactive oxygen species in aqueous solutions. The results provide pharmaceutical sciences with a basis for selection of carbon nanoparticles with appropriate toxic and antioxidant characteristics. Based on the results, we recommend, to reduce the toxicity of prospective endohedral gadolinium-fullerenol preparations Gd@C82Oy(OH)x, decreasing the number of oxygen groups to x+y = 24–28. The potential of bioluminescence methods to compare toxic and antioxidant characteristics of carbon nanostructures were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina S Kovel
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Anna S Sachkova
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Natalia G Vnukova
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Grigoriy N Churilov
- Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - Elena M Knyazeva
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
- Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
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18
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Petrova AS, Lukonina AA, Dementyev DV, Ya Bolsunovsky A, Popov AV, Kudryasheva NS. Protein-based fluorescent bioassay for low-dose gamma radiation exposures. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6837-6844. [PMID: 30062510 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The study suggests an application of a coelenteramide-containing fluorescent protein (CLM-CFP) as a simplest bioassay for gamma radiation exposures. "Discharged obelin," a product of the bioluminescence reaction of the marine coelenterate Obelia longissima, was used as a representative of the CLM-CFP group. The bioassay is based on a simple enzymatic reaction-photochemical proton transfer in the coelenteramide-apoprotein complex. Components of this reaction differ in fluorescence color, providing, by this, an evaluation of the proton transfer efficiency in the photochemical process. This efficiency depends on the microenvironment of the coelenteramide within the protein complex, and, hence, can evaluate a destructive ability of gamma radiation. The CLM-CFP samples were exposed to gamma radiation (137Cs, 2 mGy/h) for 7 and 16 days at 20 °C and 5 °C, respectively. As a result, two fluorescence characteristics (overall fluorescence intensity and contributions of color components to the fluorescence spectra) were identified as bioassay parameters. Both parameters demonstrated high sensitivity of the CLM-CFP-based bioassay to the low-dose gamma radiation exposure (up to 100 mGy). Higher temperature (20 °C) enhanced the response of CLM-CFP to gamma radiation. This new bioassay can provide fluorescent multicolor assessment of protein destruction in cells and physiological liquids under exposure to low doses of gamma radiation. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena S Petrova
- Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Mira Avenue 90, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia
| | - Anna A Lukonina
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyy Ave 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Dementyev
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | | | - Anatoliy V Popov
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3401 N Broad St., Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Nadezhda S Kudryasheva
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyy Ave 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia. .,Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
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19
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Huang Z, Zhou Q, Sun P, Yang J, Guo M. Two Agrobacterium tumefaciens CheW Proteins Are Incorporated into One Chemosensory Pathway with Different Efficiencies. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:460-470. [PMID: 29182466 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-17-0255-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the agent that causes crown gall tumor disease on more than 140 species of dicotyledonous plants. Chemotaxis of A. tumefaciens toward the wound sites of the host plant is the first step to recognize the host. CheW is a coupling protein that bridges the histidine kinase CheA and the chemoreceptors to form the chemotaxis core signaling complex and plays a crucial role in the assembly and function of the large chemosensory array. Unlike all previously reported chemotaxis systems, A. tumefaciens has only one major che operon but two cheW homologs (atu2075 as cheW1 and atu2617 as cheW2) on unlinked loci. The in-frame deletion of either cheW gene significantly affects A. tumefaciens chemotaxis but does not abolish the chemotaxis, unless both cheW genes were deleted. The effect of cheW2 deletion on the chemotaxis is more severe than that of cheW1 deletion. Either CheW can interact with CheA and couple it to the cell poles. The promoter activity of cheW2 is always higher than that of cheW1 under all of the tested conditions. When two cheW genes were adjusted to the same expression level by using the identical promoter, the difference between the effects of two CheW proteins on the chemotaxis still existed. Therefore, we envision that both the different molecular ratio of two CheW proteins in cell and the different affinities of two CheW proteins with CheA and chemoreceptors result in the efficiency difference of two CheW proteins in functioning in the large chemosensory array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu 225009, P R China
| | - Qingxuan Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu 225009, P R China
| | - Pan Sun
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu 225009, P R China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu 225009, P R China
| | - Minliang Guo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu 225009, P R China
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20
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Rozhko TV, Guseynov OA, Guseynova VE, Bondar AA, Devyatlovskaya AN, Kudryasheva NS. Is bacterial luminescence response to low-dose radiation associated with mutagenicity? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 177:261-265. [PMID: 28728127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Luminous marine bacteria are widely used in bioassays with luminescence intensity being a physiological parameter tested. The purpose of the study was to determine whether bacterial genetic alteration is responsible for bioluminescence kinetics change under low-dose radiation exposure. The alpha-emitting radionuclide 241Am and beta-emitting radionuclide 3H were used as the sources of low-dose ionizing radiation. Changes of bioluminescence kinetics of Photobacterium phosphoreum in solutions of 241Am(NO3)3, 7 kBq/L, and tritiated water, 100 MBq/L, were studied; bioluminescence kinetics stages (absence of effect, activation, and inhibition) were determined. Bacterial suspension was sampled at different stages of the bioluminescent kinetics; the doses accumulated by the samples were close or a little higher than a tentative limit of a low-dose interval: 0.10 and 0.85 Gy for 241Am, or 0.11 and 0.18 Gy for 3H. Sequence analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene did not reveal a mutagenic effect of low-dose alpha and beta radiation in the bacterial samples. Previous results on bacterial DNA exposed to low-dose gamma radiation (0.25 Gy) were analyzed and compared to those for alpha and beta irradiation. It is concluded that bioluminescence activation and/or inhibition under the applied conditions of low-dose alpha, beta and gamma radioactive exposure is not associated with DNA mutations in the gene sequences tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Rozhko
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical Academy, 1 P.Zheleznyaka, Krasnoyarsk, 660022, Russia
| | - O A Guseynov
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - V E Guseynova
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - A A Bondar
- SB RAS Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - A N Devyatlovskaya
- Siberian State Technological University, LB, 29 Pobedy, Lesosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk Region, 662543, Russia
| | - N S Kudryasheva
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS', 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
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21
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Clemente Z, Castro VLSS, Franqui LS, Silva CA, Martinez DST. Nanotoxicity of graphene oxide: Assessing the influence of oxidation debris in the presence of humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:118-128. [PMID: 28363143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the toxicological effects of graphene oxide (GO) through tests with Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos, considering the influence of the base washing treatment and the interaction with natural organic matter (i.e., humic acid, HA). A commercial sample of GO was refluxed with NaOH to remove oxidation debris (OD) byproducts, which resulted in a base washed GO sample (bw-GO). This process decreased the total oxygenated groups in bw-GO and its stability in water compared to GO. When tested in the presence of HA, both GO and bw-GO stabilities were enhanced in water. Although the embryo exposure showed no acute toxicity or malformation, the larvae exposed to GO showed a reduction in their overall length and acetylcholinesterase activity. In the presence of HA, GO also inhibited acid phosphatase activity. Our findings indicate a mitigation of material toxicity after OD removal. The difference in the biological effects may be related to the materials' bioavailability and biophysicochemical interactions. This study reports for the first time the critical influence of OD on the GO material biological reactivity and HA interaction, providing new data for nanomaterial environmental risk assessment and sustainable nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Clemente
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Environment), Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vera Lúcia S S Castro
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Environment), Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidiane S Franqui
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A Silva
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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22
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Petrova AS, Lukonina AA, Badun GA, Kudryasheva NS. Fluorescent coelenteramide-containing protein as a color bioindicator for low-dose radiation effects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4377-4381. [PMID: 28527000 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The study addresses the application of fluorescent coelenteramide-containing proteins as color bioindicators for radiotoxicity evaluation. Biological effects of chronic low-dose radiation are under investigation. Tritiated water (200 MBq/L) was used as a model source of low-intensive ionizing radiation of beta type. 'Discharged obelin,' product of bioluminescent reaction of marine coelenterate Obelia longissimi, was used as a representative of the coelenteramide-containing proteins. Coelenteramide, fluorophore of discharged obelin, is a photochemically active molecule; it produces fluorescence forms of different color. Contributions of 'violet' and 'blue-green' forms to the visible fluorescence serve as tested parameters. The contributions depend on the coelenteramide's microenvironment in the protein, and, hence, evaluate distractive ability and toxicity of radiation. The protein samples were exposed to beta radiation for 18 days, and maximal dose accumulated by the samples was 0.28 Gy, being close to a tentative limit of a low-dose interval. Increase of relative contribution of 'violet' fluorescence under exposure to the beta irradiation was revealed. High sensitivity of the protein-based test system to low-dose ionizing radiation (to 0.03 Gy) was demonstrated. The study develops physicochemical understanding of radiotoxic effects. Graphical abstract Coelenteramide-containing protein (discharged obelin) changes fluorescence color under exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation of tritium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena S Petrova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.,Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia
| | - Anna A Lukonina
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | | | - Nadezhda S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia. .,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia.
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23
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Alieva RR, Kudryasheva NS. Variability of fluorescence spectra of coelenteramide-containing proteins as a basis for toxicity monitoring. Talanta 2017; 170:425-431. [PMID: 28501192 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, physicochemical approach to understanding toxic effects remains underdeveloped. A proper development of such mode would be concerned with simplest bioassay systems. Coelenteramide-Containing Fluorescent Proteins (CLM-CFPs) can serve as proper tools for study primary physicochemical processes in organisms under external exposures. CLM-CFPs are products of bioluminescent reactions of marine coelenterates. As opposed to Green Fluorescent Proteins, the CLM-CFPs are not widely applied in biomedical research, and their potential as colored biomarkers is undervalued now. Coelenteramide, fluorophore of CLM-CFPs, is a photochemically active molecule; it acts as a proton donor in its electron-excited states, generating several forms of different fluorescent state energy and, hence, different fluorescence color, from violet to green. Contributions of the forms to the visible fluorescence depend on the coelenteramide microenvironment in proteins. Hence, CLM-CFPs can serve as fluorescence biomarkers with color differentiation to monitor results of destructive biomolecule exposures. The paper reviews experimental and theoretical studies of spectral-luminescent and photochemical properties of CLM-CFPs, as well as their variation under different exposures - chemicals, temperature, and ionizing radiation. Application of CLM-CFPs as toxicity bioassays of a new type is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza R Alieva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS", Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny Prospect 79, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia
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24
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Kudryasheva NS, Petrova AS, Dementyev DV, Bondar AA. Exposure of luminous marine bacteria to low-dose gamma-radiation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 169-170:64-69. [PMID: 28086187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study addresses biological effects of low-dose gamma-radiation. Radioactive 137Cs-containing particles were used as model sources of gamma-radiation. Luminous marine bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum was used as a bioassay with the bioluminescent intensity as the physiological parameter tested. To investigate the sensitivity of the bacteria to the low-dose gamma-radiation exposure (≤250 mGy), the irradiation conditions were varied as follows: bioluminescence intensity was measured at 5, 10, and 20°С for 175, 100, and 47 h, respectively, at different dose rates (up to 4100 μGy/h). There was no noticeable effect of gamma-radiation at 5 and 10°С, while the 20°С exposure revealed authentic bioluminescence inhibition. The 20°С results of gamma-radiation exposure were compared to those for low-dose alpha- and beta-radiation exposures studied previously under comparable experimental conditions. In contrast to ionizing radiation of alpha and beta types, gamma-emission did not initiate bacterial bioluminescence activation (adaptive response). As with alpha- and beta-radiation, gamma-emission did not demonstrate monotonic dose-effect dependencies; the bioluminescence inhibition efficiency was found to be related to the exposure time, while no dose rate dependence was found. The sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene did not reveal a mutagenic effect of low-dose gamma radiation. The exposure time that caused 50% bioluminescence inhibition was suggested as a test parameter for radiotoxicity evaluation under conditions of chronic low-dose gamma irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS', 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia; Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia.
| | - A S Petrova
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS', 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia; Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, 90 Mira Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia
| | - D V Dementyev
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center 'Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS', 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - A A Bondar
- SB RAS Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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25
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Guo M, Huang Z, Yang J. Is there any crosstalk between the chemotaxis and virulence induction signaling in Agrobacterium tumefaciens? Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:505-511. [PMID: 28342941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil-born phytopathogenic bacterium, is well known as a nature's engineer due to its ability to genetically transform the host by transferring a DNA fragment (called T-DNA) from its Ti plasmid to host-cell genome. To combat the harsh soil environment and seek the appropriate host, A. tumefaciens can sense and be attracted by a large number of chemical compounds released by wounded host. As a member of α-proteobacterium, A. tumefaciens has a chemotaxis system different from that found in Escherichia coli, since many chemoattractants for A. tumefaciens chemotaxis are virulence (vir) inducers. However, advances in the study of the chemotaxis paradigm, E. coli chemotaxis system, have provided enough information to analyze the A. tumefaciens chemotaxis. At low concentration, chemoattractants elicit A. tumefaciens chemotaxis and attract the species to the wound sites of the host. At high concentration, chemoattractants induce the expression of virulence genes and trigger T-DNA transfer. Recent studies on the VirA and ChvE of the vir-induction system provide some evidences to support the crosstalk between chemotaxis and vir-induction. This review compares the core components of chemotaxis signaling system of A. tumefaciens with those observed in other species, discusses the connection between chemotaxis and vir-induction in A. tumefaciens, and proposes a model depicting the signaling crosstalk between chemotaxis and vir-induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minliang Guo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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26
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On mechanism of antioxidant effect of fullerenols. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 9:1-8. [PMID: 28955983 PMCID: PMC5614482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fullerenols are nanosized water-soluble polyhydroxylated derivatives of fullerenes, specific allotropic form of carbon, bioactive compounds and perspective pharmaceutical agents. Antioxidant activity of fullerenols was studied in model solutions of organic and inorganic toxicants of oxidative type - 1,4-benzoquinone and potassium ferricyanide. Two fullerenol preparations were tested: С60О2-4(ОН)20-24 and mixture of two types of fullerenols С60О2-4(ОН)20-24+С70О2-4(ОН)20-24. Bacteria-based and enzyme-based bioluminescent assays were used to evaluate a decrease in cellular and biochemical toxicities, respectively. Additionally, the enzyme-based assay was used for the direct monitoring of efficiency of the oxidative enzymatic processes. The bacteria-based and enzyme-based assays showed similar peculiarities of the detoxification processes: (1) ultralow concentrations of fullerenols were active (ca 10-17-10-4 and 10-17-10-5 g/L, respectively), (2) no monotonic dependence of detoxification efficiency on fullerenol concentrations was observed, and (3) detoxification of organic oxidizer solutions was more effective than that of the inorganic oxidizer. The antioxidant effect of highly diluted fullerenol solutions on bacterial cells was attributed to hormesis phenomenon; the detoxification was concerned with stimulation of adaptive cellular response under low-dose exposures. Sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA was carried out; it did not reveal mutations in bacterial DNA. The suggestion was made that hydrophobic membrane-dependent processes are involved to the detoxifying mechanism. Catalytic activity of fullerenol (10-8 g/L) in NADH-dependent enzymatic reactions was demonstrated and supposed to contribute to adaptive bacterial response.
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27
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Kudryasheva NS, Kovel ES, Sachkova AS, Vorobeva AA, Isakova VG, Churilov GN. Bioluminescent Enzymatic Assay as a Tool for Studying Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Bioactive Compounds. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 93:536-540. [PMID: 27645453 DOI: 10.1111/php.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A bioluminescent assay based on a system of coupled enzymatic reactions catalyzed by bacterial luciferase and NADH:FMN-oxidoreductase was developed to monitor toxicity and antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds. The assay enables studying toxic effects at the level of biomolecules and physicochemical processes, as well as determining the toxicity of general and oxidative types. Toxic and detoxifying effects of bioactive compounds were studied. Fullerenols, perspective pharmaceutical agents, nanosized particles, water-soluble polyhydroxylated fullerene-60 derivatives were chosen as bioactive compounds. Two homologous fullerenols with different number and type of substituents, C60 O2-4 (OH)20-24 and Fe0.5 C60 (OH) x Oy (x + y = 40-42), were used. They suppressed bioluminescent intensity at concentrations >0.01 g L-1 and >0.001 g L-1 for C60 O2-4 (OH)20-24 and Fe0.5 C60 (OH)x Oy , respectively; hence, a lower toxicity of C60 O2-4 (OH)20-24 was demonstrated. Antioxidant activity of fullerenols was studied in model solutions of organic and inorganic oxidizers; changes in toxicities of general and oxidative type were determined; detoxification coefficients were calculated. Fullerenol C60 O2-4 (OH)20-24 revealed higher antioxidant ability at concentrations 10-17 -10-5 g L-1 . The difference in the toxicity and antioxidant activity of fullerenols was explained through their electron donor/acceptor properties and different catalytic activity. Principles of bioluminescent enzyme assay application for evaluating the toxic effect and antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds were summarized and the procedure steps were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Kovel
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.,Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna S Sachkova
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna A Vorobeva
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
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28
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Rozhko TV, Badun GA, Razzhivina IA, Guseynov OA, Guseynova VE, Kudryasheva NS. On the mechanism of biological activation by tritium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 157:131-135. [PMID: 27035890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of biological activation by beta-emitting radionuclide tritium was studied. Luminous marine bacteria were used as a bioassay to monitor the biological effect of tritium with luminescence intensity as the physiological parameter tested. Two different types of tritium sources were used: HTO molecules distributed regularly in the surrounding aqueous medium, and a solid source with tritium atoms fixed on its surface (tritium-labeled films, 0.11, 0.28, 0.91, and 2.36 MBq/cm(2)). When using the tritium-labeled films, tritium penetration into the cells was prevented. The both types of tritium sources revealed similar changes in the bacterial luminescence kinetics: a delay period followed by bioluminescence activation. No monotonic dependences of bioluminescence activation efficiency on specific radioactivities of the films were found. A 15-day exposure to tritiated water (100 MBq/L) did not reveal mutations in bacterial DNA. The results obtained give preference to a "non-genomic" mechanism of bioluminescence activation by tritium. An activation of the intracellular bioluminescence process develops without penetration of tritium atoms into the cells and can be caused by intensification of trans-membrane cellular processes stimulated by ionization and radiolysis of aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Rozhko
- Krasnoyarsk State Medical Academy, P.Zheleznyaka 1, Krasnoyarsk, 660022, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - G A Badun
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - I A Razzhivina
- Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - O A Guseynov
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - V E Guseynova
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - N S Kudryasheva
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia; Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/50, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia.
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29
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Kudryasheva NS, Rozhko TV. Effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on luminous marine bacteria: radiation hormesis and toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2015; 142:68-77. [PMID: 25644753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper summarizes studies of effects of alpha- and beta-emitting radionuclides (americium-241, uranium-235+238, and tritium) on marine microorganisms under conditions of chronic low-dose irradiation in aqueous media. Luminous marine bacteria were chosen as an example of these microorganisms; bioluminescent intensity was used as a tested physiological parameter. Non-linear dose-effect dependence was demonstrated. Three successive stages in the bioluminescent response to americium-241 and tritium were found: 1--absence of effects (stress recognition), 2--activation (adaptive response), and 3--inhibition (suppression of physiological function, i.e. radiation toxicity). The effects were attributed to radiation hormesis phenomenon. Biological role of reactive oxygen species, secondary products of the radioactive decay, is discussed. The study suggests an approach to evaluation of non-toxic and toxic stages under conditions of chronic radioactive exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50, 660036, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, 660041, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - T V Rozhko
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, 660041, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Krasnoyarsk State Medical Academy, P. Zheleznyaka 1, 660022, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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30
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Tarasova AS, Stom DI, Kudryasheva NS. Antioxidant activity of humic substances via bioluminescent monitoring in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:89. [PMID: 25663400 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This work considers antioxidant properties of natural detoxifying agents-humic substances (HS) in solutions of model inorganic and organic compounds of oxidative nature-complex salt K3[Fe(СN)6] and 1,4-benzoquinone. Bioluminescent system of coupled enzymatic reactions catalyzed by NAD(P)H FMN-oxidoreductase and bacterial luciferase was used as a bioassay in vitro to monitor toxicity of the oxidizer solutions. Toxicities of general and oxidative types were evaluated using bioluminescent kinetic parameters-bioluminescence intensity and induction period, respectively. Antioxidant activity of HS was attributed to their ability to decrease both general and oxidative toxicities; the HS antioxidant efficiency was characterized with detoxification coefficients D GT and D OxT, respectively. Dependencies of D GT and D OxT on HS concentration and time of preliminary incubation of the oxidizers with HS were demonstrated. The optimal conditions for detoxification of the oxidizers were >20-min incubation time and 0.5 × 10(-4) to 2 × 10(-4) M of HS concentration. The present study promotes application of the enzymatic luminescent bioassay to monitor toxicity of pollutants of oxidative nature in environmental and waste waters in remediation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Tarasova
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia, 660041,
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