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Li S, Han B, Wu P, Yang Q, Wang X, Li J, Liao Y, Deng N, Jiang H, Zhang Z. Effect of inorganic mercury exposure on reproductive system of male mice: Immunosuppression and fibrosis in testis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:69-78. [PMID: 34569128 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mercury as a toxic heavy metal will accumulate in the body and induce various diseases through the food chain. However, it is unknown that the detailed mechanism of reproductive disorder induced by inorganic mercury in male mice to date. This study investigated the toxicological effect of mercuric chloride (HgCl2 ) exposure on reproductive system in male mice. Male Kunming mice received normal saline daily or HgCl2 (3 mg/kg bodyweight) by intraperitoneal injection for a week. The reproductive function was evaluated, and the HgCl2 exposure induced the decline of sperm quality, pregnancy rate, mean litter size, and survival rate. Notably, we firstly found the HgCl2 -induced immunosuppression and fibrosis in mice testis according to the results of RNA sequencing. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that HgCl2 exposure disrupts the reproductive system and induces testicular immunosuppression and fibrosis via inhibition of the CD74 signaling pathway in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuge Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, China
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Ripari N, Sartori AA, da Silva Honorio M, Conte FL, Tasca KI, Santiago KB, Sforcin JM. Propolis antiviral and immunomodulatory activity: a review and perspectives for COVID-19 treatment. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:281-299. [PMID: 33793885 PMCID: PMC7928728 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Viral outbreaks are a frequent concern for humans. A great variety of drugs has been used to treat viral diseases, which are not always safe and effective and may induce adverse effects, indicating the need for new antiviral drugs extracted from natural sources. Propolis is a bee-made product exhibiting many biological properties. An overview of viruses, antiviral immunity, propolis safety and its immunomodulatory and antiviral action is reported, as well as perspectives for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. PubMed platform was used for data collection, searching for the keywords "propolis", "virus", "antiviral", "antimicrobial" and "coronavirus". KEY FINDINGS Propolis is safe and exerts antiviral and immunomodulatory activity; however, clinical trials should investigate its effects on individuals with viral diseases, in combination or not with antiviral drugs or vaccines. SUMMARY Regarding COVID-19, the effects of propolis should be investigated directly on the virus in vitro or on infected individuals alone or in combination with antiviral drugs, due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action. Propolis administration simultaneously with vaccines should be analyzed, due to its adjuvant properties, to enhance the individuals' immune response. The search for therapeutic targets may be useful to find out how propolis can help to control COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ripari
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Arthur Alves Sartori
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Silva Honorio
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lopes Conte
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Karen Ingrid Tasca
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Karina Basso Santiago
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - José Maurício Sforcin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
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Özkul T, Günal SY, Aydoğan S. The effect of ethion on erythrocyte deformability. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 172:104753. [PMID: 33518046 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates cause increased oxidative susceptibility of erythrocytes and changes in erythrocyte deformability ability. We aim is to investigate the role of ethion (ETH) on erythrocyte deformability and to show whether vinpocetine (VIN) and carnosine (CAR) are protective against these changes. The study was performed on Sprague Dawley rats with an average weight of 220 ± 40 g and 4-5 months old. Six experimental groups were composed of 10 rats per group. Hematological parameters, erythrocyte deformability, % hemolysis, 2.3bisphosphoglycerate, and methemoglobin values were measured in blood samples taken after 10 days of drug application. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin amount, hematocrit value, serum potassium level, and erythrocyte deformability decreased in the ETH group. Leukocyte, platelet count, methemoglobin amount, and % hemolysis rates increased in the ETH group. The values of the ETH + CAR and ETH + VIN groups were found to be closer to the control group. In organophosphate poisoning such as ETH, the deformability ability of erythrocytes exposed to constant oxidative stress is changing, and therefore their ability to deliver oxygen to tissues is negatively affected. VIN and CAR may have improve on erythrocyte deformability in this type of intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Özkul
- Erciyes University Health Vocational Collage, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | | | - Sami Aydoğan
- Physiology Department, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Turkey
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Silva-Beltrán NP, Balderrama-Carmona AP, Umsza-Guez MA, Souza Machado BA. Antiviral effects of Brazilian green and red propolis extracts on Enterovirus surrogates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28510-28517. [PMID: 31889278 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product of bees with biological activities that are mainly associated with bee type and geographic origin. Propolis extract has been proposed with several applications in environmental health. The ethanol extracts have shown good antimicrobial activity. The association of this technique with ultrasound-assisted extraction has been studied to improve the characteristics of the obtained extracts. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify the antiviral action against two strains of bacteriophages of two extracts of Brazilian propolis (green and red) obtained by conventional extraction and ultrasonic extraction. The activities of the propolis red and green extracts were confirmed by the significant ~3 and ~4.5 Log 10 PFU/mL reduction in the concentrations of the MS2 and Av-08 bacteriophages, respectively. It was found that ultrasound-assisted extraction is comparable to the maceration process and demonstrated the best antiviral activities. Brazilian red propolis was more effective than green propolis in viral reduction in all treatments.
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The Estimation of Blood Paramagnetic Center Changes during Burns Management with Biodegradable Propolis-Nanofiber Dressing. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3675603. [PMID: 32685093 PMCID: PMC7341434 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3675603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of the paramagnetic center system in blood during the healing of skin burn wounds dressed with a biodegradable apitherapeutic nanofiber dressing was examined. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in paramagnetic centers in blood during the influence of apitherapeutic nanofiber dressings on the healing process. The blood samples were tested before burn infliction (day 0) and, respectively, on the 10th and 21st days of the experiment. Paramagnetic centers in the blood of the pig used as the model animal were examined with an X-band (9.3 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The EPR spectra were measured with Bruker spectrometer at 230 K with a modulation frequency of 100 kHz. The EPR lines of the high spin Fe3+ in methemoglobin, high spin Fe3+ in transferrin, Cu2+ in ceruloplasmin, and free radicals were observed in the multicomponent spectra of blood. For the application of the apitherapeutic nanofiber dressing, the amplitudes of the EPR signals of Fe3+ in methemoglobin were similar up to 10 days. For the experiment with the apitherapeutic formulation, the heights of EPR signals of Fe3+ in transferrin were lower after 10 days and 21 days of therapy, compared to day 0. For the application of the apitherapeutic formulation the signals of Cu2+ in ceruloplasmin and free radicals, strongly decreased after 10 days of therapy, and after 21 days it increased to the initial values characteristic for day 0. The apitherapeutic formulation caused that after 21 days the EPR spectrum of Cu2+ in ceruloplasmin and free radicals was considerably high. The apitherapeutic formulation interaction after 10 days and after 21 days of therapy resulted in the low EPR lines of Fe3+ in methemoglobin. EPR spectra of blood may be useful for presentation of the changes in its paramagnetic centers during the healing process of the burn wounds.
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Elblehi SS, Hafez MH, El-Sayed YS. L-α-Phosphatidylcholine attenuates mercury-induced hepato-renal damage through suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9333-9342. [PMID: 30721437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The potential ameliorative effects of L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) against mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced hematological and hepato-renal damage were investigated. Rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 12): control, PC (100 mg/kg bwt, intragastrically every other day for 30 consecutive days), HgCl2 (5 mg/kg bwt, intragastrically daily), and PC plus HgCl2. Hematological and hepato-renal dysfunctions were evaluated biochemically and histopathologically. Hepatic and renal oxidative/antioxidative indices were evaluated. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) was also detected by ELISA. HgCl2 significantly increased serum aminotransferases (ALT, AST), urea, and creatinine levels that are indicative of hepato-renal damage. HgCl2 also induced a significant accumulation of malondialdehyde (+ 195%) with depletion of glutathione (- 43%) levels in the liver and renal tissues. The apparent hepato-renal oxidative damage was associated with obvious organ dysfunction that was confirmed by impairments in the liver and kidney histoarchitecture. Furthermore, HgCl2 significantly attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines named tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Conversely, PC treatment attenuated these effects, which improved the hematological and serum biochemical alternations, reduced the oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels, and ameliorated the intensity of the histopathological alterations in livers and kidneys of HgCl2-treated rats. It could be concluded that PC displayed potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities against HgCl2-induced hepato-renal damage via suppression of proinflammatory cytokines and declining oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar S Elblehi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Mona H Hafez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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Dietary luteolin attenuates chronic liver injury induced by mercuric chloride via the Nrf2/NF-κB/P53 signaling pathway in rats. Oncotarget 2018; 8:40982-40993. [PMID: 28498799 PMCID: PMC5522226 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury exposure is a common cause of metal poisoning which is biotransformed to highly toxic metabolites thus eliciting biochemical alterations and oxidative stress. Luteolin, a phenolic compound found in many natural products, has multiple biological functions. Our study was aimed to explore the biological effects of luteolin in a liver injury model induced in rats by mercuric chloride (HgCl2). Criteria for injury included liver enzyme, glutathione and malondialdehyde levels, histopathology, TUNEL assay, hepatocyte viability and reactive oxygen species levels. The results showed that luteolin protected against HgCl2-induced liver injury. Luteolin increased total nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) levels in the presence of HgCl2. Upregulation of its downstream factors, heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, was also observed. This suggested that protection by luteolin against HgCl2-induced liver injury involved Nrf2 pathway activation. Luteolin also decreased expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and P53. HgCl2 exposure led to increased Bcl-associated X protein (Bax), and decreased Bcl-2-related protein long form of Bcl-x (Bcl-xL) and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression, leading to an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Taken together, our data suggested that decreasing oxidative stress is a protective mechanism of luteolin against development of HgCl2-induced liver injury, through the Nrf2/NF-κB/P53 signaling pathway in rats.
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Tan X, Liu B, Lu J, Li S, Baiyun R, Lv Y, Lu Q, Zhang Z. Dietary luteolin protects against HgCl 2-induced renal injury via activation of Nrf2-mediated signaling in rat. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 179:24-31. [PMID: 29156292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin (Lut) belongs to the flavonoid family with various beneficial bioactivities. Here, we investigated whether Lut attenuate mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced renal injury in rat. We found that oral gavage administration of Lut (80mg/kg) alleviated anemia and renal histology upon HgCl2 treatment (80mg/L). Lut also significantly reduced HgCl2-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory, presenting as the reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, increased glutathione (GSH) level, and inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, Lut protected renal cells from HgCl2-induced apoptosis, as assessed by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUNT nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and the protein levels of B-cell lymphoma gene 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and p53. Interestingly, Lut reduced renal mercuric accumulation in rat. Furthermore, Lut increased nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and subsequent protein expression of the antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase: quinone-acceptor 1 (NQO1). Our results suggest that Lut suppress HgCl2-induced renal injury via activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, China
| | - Biying Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, China
| | - Ruiqi Baiyun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, China
| | - Yueying Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, China.
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