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Duffel MW. Cytosolic sulfotransferases in endocrine disruption. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20230101. [PMID: 38699885 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20230101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze the sulfation of endocrine hormones as well as a broad array of drugs, environmental chemicals, and other xenobiotics. Many endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interact with these SULTs as substrates and inhibitors, and thereby alter sulfation reactions responsible for metabolism and regulation of endocrine hormones such as estrogens and thyroid hormones. EDCs or their metabolites may also regulate expression of SULTs through direct interaction with nuclear receptors and other transcription factors. Moreover, some sulfate esters derived from EDCs (EDC-sulfates) may serve as ligands for endocrine hormone receptors. While the sulfation of an EDC can lead to its excretion in the urine or bile, it may also result in retention of the EDC-sulfate through its reversible binding to serum proteins and thereby enable transport to other tissues for intracellular hydrolysis and subsequent endocrine disruption. This mini-review outlines the potential roles of SULTs and sulfation in the effects of EDCs and our evolving understanding of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Duffel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
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2
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Duffel MW, Lehmler HJ. Complex roles for sulfation in the toxicities of polychlorinated biphenyls. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:92-122. [PMID: 38363552 PMCID: PMC11067068 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2311270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic toxicants derived from legacy pollution sources and their formation as inadvertent byproducts of some current manufacturing processes. Metabolism of PCBs is often a critical component in their toxicity, and relevant metabolic pathways usually include their initial oxidation to form hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs). Subsequent sulfation of OH-PCBs was originally thought to be primarily a means of detoxication; however, there is strong evidence that it may also contribute to toxicities associated with PCBs and OH-PCBs. These contributions include either the direct interaction of PCB sulfates with receptors or their serving as a localized precursor for OH-PCBs. The formation of PCB sulfates is catalyzed by cytosolic sulfotransferases, and, when transported into the serum, these metabolites may be retained, taken up by other tissues, and subjected to hydrolysis catalyzed by intracellular sulfatase(s) to regenerate OH-PCBs. Dynamic cycling between PCB sulfates and OH-PCBs may lead to further metabolic activation of the resulting OH-PCBs. Ultimate toxic endpoints of such processes may include endocrine disruption, neurotoxicities, and many others that are associated with exposures to PCBs and OH-PCBs. This review highlights the current understanding of the complex roles that PCB sulfates can have in the toxicities of PCBs and OH-PCBs and research on the varied mechanisms that control these roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Duffel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242, United States
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Paranjape N, Dean LE, Martinez A, Tjalkens RB, Lehmler HJ, Doorn JA. Structure-Activity Relationship of Lower Chlorinated Biphenyls and Their Human-Relevant Metabolites for Astrocyte Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:971-981. [PMID: 37279407 PMCID: PMC10283044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is associated with developmental neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis are unknown. Existing literature has focused mainly on using neurons as a model system to study mechanisms of PCB-mediated neurotoxicity, overlooking the role of glial cells, such as astrocytes. As normal brain function is largely astrocyte-dependent, we hypothesize that astrocytes play an important role in PCB-mediated injury to neurons. We assessed the toxicity of two commercial PCB mixtures, Aroclor 1016 and Aroclor 1254, and a non-Aroclor PCB mixture found in residential air called the Cabinet mixture, all of which contain lower chlorinated PCBs (LC-PCBs) found in indoor and outdoor air. We further assessed the toxicity of five abundant airborne LC-PCBs and their corresponding human-relevant metabolites in vitro models of astrocytes, namely, the C6 cell line and primary astrocytes isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice. PCB52 and its human-relevant hydroxylated and sulfated metabolites were found to be the most toxic compounds. No significant sex-dependent cell viability differences were observed in rat primary astrocytes. Based on the equilibrium partitioning model, it was predicted that the partitioning of LC-PCBs and their corresponding metabolites in biotic and abiotic compartments of the cell culture system is structure-dependent and that the observed toxicity is consistent with this prediction. This study, for the first time, shows that astrocytes are sensitive targets of LC-PCBs and their human-relevant metabolites and that further research to identify mechanistic targets of PCB exposure in glial cells is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Paranjape
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College
of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Laura E. Dean
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Andres Martinez
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience & Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ronald B. Tjalkens
- Department
of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary
Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Doorn
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Experimental Therapeutics, College
of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Prenatal exposure to multiple organochlorine compounds and childhood body mass index. Environ Epidemiol 2022; 6:e201. [PMID: 35702503 PMCID: PMC9187184 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) has been associated with increased childhood body mass index (BMI); however, only a few studies have focused on longitudinal BMI trajectories, and none of them used multiple exposure mixture approaches. Aim: To determine the association between in-utero exposure to eight OCs and childhood BMI measures (BMI and BMI z-score) at 4 years and their yearly change across 4–12 years of age in 279 Rhea child-mother dyads. Methods: We applied three approaches: (1) linear mixed-effect regressions (LMR) to associate individual compounds with BMI measures; (2) Bayesian weighted quantile sum regressions (BWQSR) to provide an overall OC mixture association with BMI measures; and (3)Bayesian varying coefficient kernel machine regressions (BVCKMR) to model nonlinear and nonadditive associations. Results: In the LMR, yearly change of BMI measures was consistently associated with a quartile increase in hexachlorobenzene (HCB) (estimate [95% Confidence or Credible interval] BMI: 0.10 [0.06, 0.14]; BMI z-score: 0.02 [0.01, 0.04]). BWQSR results showed that a quartile increase in mixture concentrations was associated with yearly increase of BMI measures (BMI: 0.10 [0.01, 0.18]; BMI z-score: 0.03 [0.003, 0.06]). In the BVCKMR, a quartile increase in dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene concentrations was associated with higher BMI measures at 4 years (BMI: 0.33 [0.24, 0.43]; BMI z-score: 0.19 [0.15, 0.24]); whereas a quartile increase in HCB and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-118 levels was positively associated with BMI measures yearly change (BMI: HCB:0.10 [0.07, 0.13], PCB-118:0.08 [0.04, 012]; BMI z-score: HCB:0.03 [0.02, 0.05], PCB-118:0.02 [0.002,04]). BVCKMR suggested that PCBs had nonlinear relationships with BMI measures, and HCB interacted with other compounds. Conclusions: All analyses consistently demonstrated detrimental associations between prenatal OC exposures and childhood BMI measures.
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Kara-Ertekin S, Yazar S, Erkan M. In vitro toxicological assessment of flumethrin's effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2165-2177. [PMID: 34142587 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211022789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroid pesticides are frequently used for household insect control of insects and in agriculture and livestock. Flumethrin is a pyrethroid that is used against ectoparasites in many animals. The goal of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, apoptotic, genotoxic, and estrogenic effects of flumethrin on the mammalian breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Compared with control groups, a dose-dependent decrease was observed in cell viability at concentrations of 100 µM and higher. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects detected by LDH assay and AO/EtBr staining increased significantly at a concentration of 1000 µM. The expression of BCL2, which is an anti-apoptotic gene, significantly decreased, whereas BAX, TP53, and P21 expression significantly increased. The results of a comet assay indicated that flumethrin significantly changed tail length, tail % DNA, tail moment, and Olive tail moment in concentrations above 1 and 10 µM. In addition, a 0.1 µM concentration of flumethrin affected ERα receptor mediated cell proliferation and increased transcription of estrogen-responsive pS2 (TFF1) and progesterone receptor (PGR) genes. As a result, flumethrin-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity at a high concentration, while induced genotoxicity even at lower concentrations. Flumethrin is an endocrine disrupting insecticide with estrogenic effects at very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kara-Ertekin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Yazar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Erkan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Anh HQ, Watanabe I, Minh TB, Takahashi S. Unintentionally produced polychlorinated biphenyls in pigments: An updated review on their formation, emission sources, contamination status, and toxic effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142504. [PMID: 33035974 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The formation, emission, environmental occurrence, and potential adverse effects of unintentionally produced polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in pigments are reviewed, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date picture on these pollutants. PCBs are typically formed during manufacturing of organic pigments that involve chlorinated intermediates and reaction solvents, rather than those of inorganic pigments. Concentrations and profiles of PCBs vary greatly among pigment types and producers, with total PCB levels ranging from lower than detection limits to several hundred ppm; major components can be low-chlorinated (e.g., CB-11) or high-chlorinated congeners (e.g., CB-209). Pigment-derived PCBs can be released into the environment through different steps including pigment production, application, and disposal. They can contaminate atmospheric, terrestrial, and aquatic ecosystems, and then affect organisms living there. This situation garners scientific and public attention to nonlegacy emissions of PCBs and suggests the need for appropriate monitoring, management, and abatement strategies regarding these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Quoc Anh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Isao Watanabe
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan.
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Govarts E, Portengen L, Lambrechts N, Bruckers L, Den Hond E, Covaci A, Nelen V, Nawrot TS, Loots I, Sioen I, Baeyens W, Morrens B, Schoeters G, Vermeulen R. Early-life exposure to multiple persistent organic pollutants and metals and birth weight: Pooled analysis in four Flemish birth cohorts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106149. [PMID: 33002701 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prenatal chemical exposure has frequently been associated with reduced fetal growth although results have been inconsistent. Most studies associate single pollutant exposure to this health outcome, even though this does not reflect real life situations as humans are exposed to many pollutants during their life time. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent environmental chemicals and birth weight using multipollutant models. METHODS We combined exposure biomarker data measured in cord blood samples of 1579 women from four Flemish birth cohorts collected over a 10 years' time period. The common set of available and detectable exposure measures in these cohorts are three polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners (138, 153 and 180), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and the metals cadmium and lead. Multiple linear regression (MLR), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), penalized regression using minimax concave penalty (MCP) and Bayesian Adaptive Sampling (BAS) were applied to assess the influence of multiple pollutants in a single analysis on birth weight, adjusted for a priori selected covariates. RESULTS In the pooled dataset, a median (P25-P75) birth weight and gestational age of 3420 (3140-3700) grams and 39 (39-40) weeks was observed respectively. The median contaminant levels in cord blood were: 15.8, 26.5, 18.0, 16.9 and 91.5 ng/g lipid for PCB 138, PCB 153, PCB 180, HCB and p,p'-DDE, respectively, 0.075 µg/L for cadmium and 9.7 µg/L for lead. According to the applied statistical methods for multipollutant assessment, p,p'-DDE and PCB 180 were most consistently associated with birth weight. In addition, PCB 153 was selected when applying MCP and BAS. An inverse association with birth weight was found for the PCB congeners, while an increased birth weight was observed for elevated levels of p,p'-DDE. CONCLUSIONS Assessing the health risk of combinations of exposure biomarkers reflects better real-world situations and thereby allows more effective risk assessment. Our results add to the existing evidence based on detrimental effects of PCBs on birth weight and indicate a possible increase in birth weight due to p,p'-DDE (while correcting for PCBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium.
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Lambrechts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Bruckers
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Leuven University, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Loots
- Faculty Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Willy Baeyens
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Free University Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bert Morrens
- Faculty Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense, Denmark
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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8
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Roy MA, Duche PR, Timme-Laragy AR. The sulfate metabolite of 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB-11) impairs Cyp1a activity and increases hepatic neutral lipids in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127609. [PMID: 32693259 PMCID: PMC7530052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The environmental contaminant 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB-11) is widely detected in environmental samples, and this parent compound along with its metabolites 4-OH-PCB-11 and 4-PCB-11-Sulfate are detected in human serum. Our previous research in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos shows exposure to 20 μM PCB-11 inhibits Cyp1a enzyme activity and perturbs lipid metabolism pathways. In this study, wildtype AB embryos underwent acute exposures from 1 to 4 days post fertilization (dpf) to 0.002-20 μM 4-OH-PCB-11 or 0.2-20 μM 4-PCB-11-Sulfate, with and without co-exposures to 100 μg/L benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or 5 nM 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126), and were assessed for in vivo EROD activity and morphometrics. Chronic exposures from 1 to 15 dpf to assess lipid accumulation using Oil-Red-O staining were also conducted with 0.2 μM parent or metabolite compounds, alongside a co-exposure experiment of 0.002-0.2 μM 4-PCB-11-Sulfate and 10 μg/L B[a]P. For acute experiments, 2 and 20 μM 4-OH-PCB-11 was lethal but no Cyp1a or morphological effects were observed at lower concentrations; 20 μM 4-PCB-11-Sulfate significantly lowered the Cyp1a activity of B[a]P and PCB-126 but did not alter morphological development. For chronic experiments, 0.2 μM 4-PCB-11-Sulfate significantly increased lipid accumulation 30% in single exposures and 44% in co-exposures with B[a]P. Further long-term studies would better elucidate the effects of this contaminant, particularly in the context of environmentally-relevant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Perseverance R Duche
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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9
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Zhang CY, Flor S, Ruiz P, Dhakal R, Hu X, Teesch LM, Ludewig G, Lehmler HJ. 3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl Is Metabolized to a Complex Mixture of Oxidative Metabolites, Including Novel Methoxylated Metabolites, by HepG2 Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12345-12357. [PMID: 32910851 PMCID: PMC7544623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11) is a byproduct of industrial processes and detected in environmental samples. PCB 11 and its metabolites are present in human serum, and emerging evidence demonstrates that PCB 11 is a developmental neurotoxicant. However, little is known about the metabolism of PCB 11 in humans. Here, we investigated the metabolism of PCB 11 and the associated metabolomics changes in HepG2 cells using untargeted high-resolution mass spectrometry. HepG2 cells were exposed for 24 h to PCB 11 in DMSO or DMSO alone. Cell culture media were analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Thirty different metabolites were formed by HepG2 cells exposed to 10 μM PCB 11, including monohydroxylated, dihydroxylated, methoxylated-hydroxylated, and methoxylated-dihydroxylated metabolites and the corresponding sulfo and glucuronide conjugates. The methoxylated PCB metabolites were observed for the first time in a human-relevant model. 4-OH-PCB 11 (3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl-4-ol) and the corresponding catechol metabolite, 4,5-di-OH-PCB 11 (3',5-dichloro-3,4-dihydroxybiphenyl), were unambiguously identified based on liquid and gas chromatographic analyses. PCB 11 also altered several metabolic pathways, in particular vitamin B6 metabolism. These results demonstrate that complex PCB 11 metabolite profiles are formed in HepG2 cells that warrant further toxicological investigation, particularly since catechol metabolites are likely reactive and toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yun Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Susanne Flor
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Patricia Ruiz
- Divison of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences, Computational Toxicology and Methods Development Lab, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, United States
| | - Ram Dhakal
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Lynn M. Teesch
- High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Facility, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Gabriele Ludewig
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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10
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Cao LY, Ren XM, Guo LH. Estrogen-related receptor γ is a novel target for Lower-Chlorinated Polychlorinated Biphenyls and their hydroxylated and sulfated metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113088. [PMID: 31491697 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Airborne lower-chlorinated PCBs are vulnerable to metabolization to PCB sulfates through further sulfation of the hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs). However, studies on the toxic effects and mechanisms of PCB sulfates are still very limited. Here, we investigated for the first time the potential endocrine disruption effects of PCB sulfates through estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) in comparison with their OH-PCBs precursors and PCB parent compounds. The binding affinity of thirteen PCBs/OH-PCBs/PCB sulfates was measured by using fluorescence competitive binding assays based on fluorescence polarization (FP). All of the tested chemicals could bind to ERRγ with the Kd (dissociation constant) values ranging from not available (NA) to 3.2 μM 4'-OH-PCB 12 showed the highest binding affinity with Kd value of 3.2 μM, which was comparable to that of a synthetic ERRγ agonist GSK4716. The effects of the thirteen chemicals on the ERRγ transcriptional activity were determined by using the luciferase reporter gene assay. We found the PCBs/OH-PCBs/PCB sulfates acted as agonists for ERRγ, with the lowest observed effective concentration reaching 3 μM. The binding affinity and agonistic activity of PCBs towards ERRγ were both enhanced after hydroxylation, while further sulfation of OH-PCBs decreased the activity instead. Molecular docking simulation showed that OH-PCBs had lower binding energy than the corresponding PCBs and PCB sulfates, indicating that OH-PCBs had higher binding affinity theoretically. In addition, OH-PCBs could form hydrogen bonds with amino acids Glu316 and Arg247 while PCBs and PCB sulfates could not, which might be the main factor impacting the binding affinity and agonistic activity. Overall, ERRγ is a novel target for lower-chlorinated PCBs and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ying Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Xiao-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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11
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Roy MA, Sant KE, Venezia OL, Shipman AB, McCormick SD, Saktrakulkla P, Hornbuckle KC, Timme-Laragy AR. The emerging contaminant 3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB-11) impedes Ahr activation and Cyp1a activity to modify embryotoxicity of Ahr ligands in the zebrafish embryo model (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113027. [PMID: 31421573 PMCID: PMC7027435 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl (PCB-11) is an emerging PCB congener widely detected in environmental samples and human serum, but its toxicity potential is poorly understood. We assessed the effects of three concentrations of PCB-11 on embryotoxicity and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) pathway interactions in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Wildtype AB or transgenic Tg(gut:GFP) strain zebrafish embryos were exposed to static concentrations of PCB-11 (0, 0.2, 2, or 20 μM) from 24 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf), and gross morphology, Cytochrome P4501a (Cyp1a) activity, and liver development were assessed via microscopy. Ahr interactions were probed via co-exposures with PCB-126 or beta-naphthoflavone (BNF). Embryos exposed to 20 μM PCB-11 were also collected for PCB-11 body burden, qRT-PCR, RNAseq, and histology. Zebrafish exposed to 20 μM PCB-11 absorbed 0.18% PCB-11 per embryo at 28 hpf and 0.61% by 96 hpf, and their media retained 1.36% PCB-11 at 28 hpf and 0.84% at 96 hpf. This concentration did not affect gross morphology, but altered the transcription of xenobiotic metabolism and liver development genes, impeded liver development, and increased hepatocyte vacuole formation. In co-exposures, 20 μM PCB-11 prevented deformities caused by PCB-126 but exacerbated deformities in co-exposures with BNF. This study suggests that PCB-11 can affect liver development, act as a partial agonist/antagonist of the Ahr pathway, and act as an antagonist of Cyp1a activity to modify the toxicity of compounds that interact with the Ahr pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Karilyn E Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Olivia L Venezia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alix B Shipman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- US Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA 01376, USA
| | - Panithi Saktrakulkla
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Keri C Hornbuckle
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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12
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Ren XM, Li CH, Zhang JQ, Guo LH. Binding and activity of sulfated metabolites of lower-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls towards thyroid hormone receptor alpha. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:686-692. [PMID: 31146155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been long-standing evidence that the lower-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (LC-PCBs) can be metabolized to hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs), which play important roles in the LC-PCBs induced toxicity. Recently, multiple studies have demonstrated the further metabolic transformation of OH-PCBs to LC-PCB sulfates in vitro and in vivo. Several studies found LC-PCB sulfates could bind with thyroid hormone (TH) transport proteins in the serum, indicating the potential relevance of these metabolites in the TH system disruption effects. However, the interaction of LC-PCB sulfates with the TH nuclear receptor (TR), another kind of important functional protein in the TH system, has not been explored. Here, by using a fluorescence competitive binding assay, we demonstrated that LC-PCB sulfates could bind with TRα. Moreover, the LC-PCB sulfates had higher binding potency than their corresponding OH-PCB precursors. By using a luciferase reporter gene assay, we found the LC-PCB sulfates showed agonistic activity towards the TRα signaling pathway. Molecular docking simulation showed all the tested LC-PCB sulfates could fit into the ligand binding pocket of the TRα. The LC-PCB sulfates formed hydrogen bond interaction with arginine 228 residue of TRα by their sulfate groups, which might facilitate the TR binding and agonistic activity. The present study suggests that interaction with the TR might be another possible mechanism by which LC-PCB sulfate induce TH system disruption effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Chuan-Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China
| | - Jian-Qing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China.
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13
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Liu Y, Richardson ES, Derocher AE, Lunn NJ, Lehmler HJ, Li X, Zhang Y, Cui JY, Cheng L, Martin JW. Hundreds of Unrecognized Halogenated Contaminants Discovered in Polar Bear Serum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Evan S. Richardson
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Government of Canada; Winnipeg Manitoba R3C 4W2 Canada
| | - Andrew E. Derocher
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Nicholas J. Lunn
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health; College of Public Health; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA 52242-5000 USA
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health; College of Public Health; University of Iowa; Iowa City IA 52242-5000 USA
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98105-6099 USA
| | - Lihua Cheng
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences; University of Washington; Seattle WA 98105-6099 USA
| | - Jonathan W. Martin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G3 Canada
- Science for Life Laboratory; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry; Stockholm University; 10691 Stockholm Sweden
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14
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Liu Y, Richardson ES, Derocher AE, Lunn NJ, Lehmler HJ, Li X, Zhang Y, Cui JY, Cheng L, Martin JW. Hundreds of Unrecognized Halogenated Contaminants Discovered in Polar Bear Serum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16401-16406. [PMID: 30376612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) to persistent organic pollutants was discovered in the 1970s, but recent evidence suggests the presence of unknown toxic chemicals in their blood. Protein and phospholipid depleted serum was stirred with polyethersulfone capillaries to extract a broad range of analytes, and nontarget mass spectrometry with "fragmentation flagging" was used for detection. Hundreds of analytes were discovered belonging to 13 classes, including novel polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) metabolites and many fluorinated or chlorinated substances not previously detected. All analytes were detected in the oldest (mid-1980s) archived polar bear serum from Hudson Bay and Beaufort Sea, and all fluorinated classes showed increasing trends. A mouse experiment confirmed the novel PCB metabolites, suggesting that these could be widespread in mammals. Historical exposure and toxic risk has been underestimated, and these halogenated contaminants pose uncertain risks to this threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Liu
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Evan S Richardson
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Government of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C 4W2, Canada
| | - Andrew E Derocher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Lunn
- Wildlife Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242-5000, USA
| | - Xueshu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242-5000, USA
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105-6099, USA
| | - Lihua Cheng
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105-6099, USA
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Yuan S, Huang C, Ji X, Ma M, Rao K, Wang Z. Prediction of the combined effects of multiple estrogenic chemicals on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and a preliminary molecular exploration of the estrogenic proliferative effects and related gene expression. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 160:1-9. [PMID: 29783106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The environmental risks of environmental estrogens (EEs) are often assessed via the same mode of action in the concentration addition (CA) model, neglecting the complex combined mechanisms at the genetic level. In this study, the cell proliferation effects of estrone, 17α-ethinylestradiol, 17β-estradiol, estriol, diethylstilbestrol, estradiol valerate, bisphenol A, 4-tert-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol were determined individually using the CCK-8 method, and the proliferation effects of a multicomponent mixture of estrogenic chemicals mixed at equipotent concentrations using a fixed-ratio design were studied using estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, transcription factors related to cell proliferation were analyzed using RT-PCR assays to explore the potential molecular mechanisms related to the estrogenic proliferative effects. The results showed that the estrogenic chemicals act together in an additive mode, and the combined proliferative effects could be predicted more accurately by the response addition model than the CA model with regard to their adverse outcomes. Furthermore, different signaling pathways were involved depending on the different mixtures. The RT-PCR analyses showed that different estrogens have distinct avidities and preferences for different estrogen receptors at the gene level. Furthermore, the results indicated that estrogenic mixtures increased ERα, PIK3CA, GPER, and PTEN levels and reduced Akt1 level to display combined estrogenicity. These findings indicated that the potential combined environmental risks were greater than those found in some specific assessment procedures based on a similar mode of action due to the diversity of environmental pollutions and their multiple unknown modes of action. Thus, more efforts are needed for mode-of-action-driven analyses at the molecular level. Furthermore, to more accurately predict and assess the individual responses in vivo from the cellular effects in vitro, more parameters and correction factors should be taken into consideration in the addition model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoya Ji
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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16
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Roszko M, Kamińska M, Szymczyk K, Piasecka-Jóźwiak K, Chabłowska B. Optimized yeast-based in vitro bioassay for determination of estrogenic and androgenic activity of hydroxylated / methoxylated metabolites of BDEs / CBs and related lipophilic organic pollutants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:692-706. [PMID: 29775424 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1474564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known to show endocrine disrupting (ED) activity, including interactions with hormone receptors. The aim of this work was to develop a bioassay applicable for evaluation of ED potency of highly lipophilic metabolites of POPs. To that end, a yeast-based bio-assay protocol was used. Estrogenic / androgenic activity of some native brominated biphenyl ethers (BDEs) / chlorinated biphenyls (CBs), and their hydroxylated / methoxylated metabolites was assessed. Since data (including potency compared to reference native hormones) obtained using different protocols vary, the possibility that yeast transforms POPs into some more potent compounds was first checked; it seems that no such transformation is important from the test applicability standpoint. The developed method was sensitive with EC50 values 6.5*10-11 M and 4.5*10-9 M calculated for E2 and DHT, respectively. Both CBs and BDEs show weak estrogenic activity negatively correlated with the degree of their halogenation, but their metabolites are significantly more potent xenohormones. 4-OH-2,2',4',6'-TeCB was the most potent estrogen receptor (ER) agonist among all tested compounds; its activity was only 1,000 times lower than that of native E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Roszko
- a Department of Food Analysis , Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Marta Kamińska
- a Department of Food Analysis , Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Krystyna Szymczyk
- a Department of Food Analysis , Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piasecka-Jóźwiak
- b Department of Fermentation Technology , Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Beata Chabłowska
- b Department of Fermentation Technology , Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology , Warsaw , Poland
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17
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Mughal BB, Fini JB, Demeneix BA. Thyroid-disrupting chemicals and brain development: an update. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R160-R186. [PMID: 29572405 PMCID: PMC5890081 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent findings on the main categories of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals and their effects on brain development. We draw mostly on epidemiological and experimental data published in the last decade. For each chemical class considered, we deal with not only the thyroid hormone-disrupting effects but also briefly mention the main mechanisms by which the same chemicals could modify estrogen and/or androgen signalling, thereby exacerbating adverse effects on endocrine-dependent developmental programmes. Further, we emphasize recent data showing how maternal thyroid hormone signalling during early pregnancy affects not only offspring IQ, but also neurodevelopmental disease risk. These recent findings add to established knowledge on the crucial importance of iodine and thyroid hormone for optimal brain development. We propose that prenatal exposure to mixtures of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals provides a plausible biological mechanism contributing to current increases in the incidence of neurodevelopmental disease and IQ loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal B Mughal
- CNRS/UMR7221Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- CNRS/UMR7221Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Barbara A Demeneix
- CNRS/UMR7221Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
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18
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Parker VS, Squirewell EJ, Lehmler HJ, Robertson LW, Duffel MW. Hydroxylated and sulfated metabolites of commonly occurring airborne polychlorinated biphenyls inhibit human steroid sulfotransferases SULT1E1 and SULT2A1. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:196-201. [PMID: 29408762 PMCID: PMC6078096 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are associated with varied adverse health effects. Lower chlorinated PCBs are prevalent in indoor and outdoor air and can be metabolized to their hydroxylated derivatives (OH-PCBs) followed by sulfation to form PCB sulfates. Sulfation is also a means of signal termination for steroid hormones. The human estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) and alcohol/hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) catalyze the formation of steroid sulfates that are inactive at steroid hormone receptors. We investigated the inhibition of SULT1E1 (IC50s ranging from 7.2 nM to greater than 10 μM) and SULT2A1 (IC50s from 1.3 μM to over 100 μM) by five lower-chlorinated OH-PCBs and their corresponding PCB sulfates relevant to airborne PCB-exposure. Several congeners of lower chlorinated OH-PCBs relevant to airborne PCB exposures were potent inhibitors of SULT1E1 and SULT2A1 and thus have the potential to disrupt regulation of intracellular concentrations of the receptor-active steroid substrates for these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria S Parker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Edwin J Squirewell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Michael W Duffel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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19
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Sethi S, Keil KP, Lein PJ. Species and Sex Differences in the Morphogenic Response of Primary Rodent Neurons to 3,3'-Dichlorobiphenyl (PCB 11). TOXICS 2017; 6:toxics6010004. [PMID: 29295518 PMCID: PMC5874777 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PCB 11 is an emerging global pollutant that we recently showed promotes axonal and dendritic growth in primary rat neuronal cell cultures. Here, we address the influence of sex and species on neuronal responses to PCB 11. Neuronal morphology was quantified in sex-specific primary hippocampal and cortical neuron-glia co-cultures derived from neonatal C57BL/6J mice and Sprague Dawley rats exposed for 48 h to vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or PCB 11 at concentrations ranging from 1 fM to 1 nM. Total axonal length was quantified in tau-1 immunoreactive neurons at day in vitro (DIV) 2; dendritic arborization was assessed by Sholl analysis at DIV 9 in neurons transfected with MAP2B-FusRed. In mouse cultures, PCB 11 enhanced dendritic arborization in female, but not male, hippocampal neurons and male, but not female, cortical neurons. In rat cultures, PCB 11 promoted dendritic arborization in male and female hippocampal and cortical neurons. PCB 11 also increased axonal growth in mouse and rat neurons of both sexes and neuronal cell types. These data demonstrate that PCB 11 exerts sex-specific effects on neuronal morphogenesis that vary depending on species, neurite type, and neuronal cell type. These findings have significant implications for risk assessment of this emerging developmental neurotoxicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjay Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Kimberly P Keil
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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20
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Kalinina TS, Kononchuk VV, Gulyaeva LF. Expression of hormonal carcinogenesis genes and related regulatory microRNAs in uterus and ovaries of DDT-treated female rats. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1118-1128. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Yao M, Hu T, Wang Y, Du Y, Hu C, Wu R. Polychlorinated biphenyls and its potential role in endometriosis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:837-845. [PMID: 28774553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the progress of global industrialization and environmental deterioration, the relationship between human health and the living environment has become an increasing focus of attention. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, including dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls), as part of the organic chlorine contaminants, have been suspected as playing a role in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Several population-based studies have proposed that exposure to PCBs may increase the risk of developing endometriosis, while some epidemiological studies have failed to find any association between PCBs and endometriosis. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential pathophysiological relationship between endometriosis and PCBs with a focus on both dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Yao
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yinfeng Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yongjiang Du
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Changchang Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, P.R. China.
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