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Marziali L, Valsecchi L, Schiavon A, Mastroianni D, Viganò L. Vertical profiles of trace elements in a sediment core from the Lambro River (northern Italy): Historical trends and pollutant transport to the Adriatic Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146766. [PMID: 33839650 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
River sediments generally act as a sink for trace elements but, when resuspended, they contribute to long-term downstream transport of contamination, which may finally reach the marine environment. This study analyzed these processes in a complex aquatic system that includes a contaminated tributary, the Lambro River (Northern Italy) and its recipient and main Italian watercourse, the Po River, with the prodelta in the Adriatic Sea. The study was conducted from a historical perspective which, covering the last 50 years, examined the main driving events such as the inputs of contaminants, the construction of WWTPs and the evolution of environmental legislation. The time trend of trace element contamination was analyzed in a sediment core collected in the Lambro River and dated 1962-2011. The highest enrichments were found for Hg, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd, which showed similar trends, with EF maxima in the '60s-'90s (172, 56, 40, 28 and 21, respectively), following industrial and urban development, and a general decreasing pattern after the late '90s. Only in the 2000s the ecological risk associated with metal contamination showed mean PEC Quotients stably below 1. The results of a literature survey on sedimentary trace elements in the Po River and the prodelta for the last 50 years were then compared to the Lambro sediment core. A significant contribution to Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg and Cd contamination was proved to derive from Lambro sediment transport. In the prodelta, increasing Ni and Cr concentrations were also evidenced, likely as a result of enhanced soil erosion in the Po basin. This study highlights the key role of WWTPs, of lower-impact industrial processes and of environmental legislation in reducing contaminant inputs. It also emphasizes the active contribution of riverine sediment-bound contamination to long-distance marine sediment quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marziali
- CNR-IRSA National Research Council-Water Research Institute, Via del Mulino 19, I-20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Lucia Valsecchi
- CNR-IRSA National Research Council-Water Research Institute, Via del Mulino 19, I-20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Schiavon
- CNR-IRSA National Research Council-Water Research Institute, Via del Mulino 19, I-20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy; IGB Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Ecohydrology, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Domenico Mastroianni
- CNR-IRSA National Research Council-Water Research Institute, Via Salaria km 29,300 - C.P. 10, 00015 Monterotondo St., RM, Italy.
| | - Luigi Viganò
- CNR-IRSA National Research Council-Water Research Institute, Via del Mulino 19, I-20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
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Emerging Contaminants: Analysis, Aquatic Compartments and Water Pollution. EMERGING CONTAMINANTS VOL. 1 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-69079-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Franzo A, Del Negro P. Functional diversity of free-living nematodes in river lagoons: can biological traits analysis (BTA) integrate traditional taxonomic-based approaches as a monitoring tool? MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 145:164-176. [PMID: 30871813 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In four Po River lagoons, functional diversity of free-living nematodes was studied according to five biological traits (feeding type, life history, tail shape, body length and shape) considered singularly and combined in a Biological Traits Analysis (BTA). With the exception of 'Body length', similar distribution patterns were obtained for the other biological traits, considered singularly or in combination. From a functional point of view, the higher number of slender c-p3 selective deposit feeders with elongated tails rendered the assemblage in Marinetta-Vallona different from those in the other waterbodies where, by contrast, the nematodes were mainly represented by c-p2 non-selective deposit feeders with clavate tails and variable body lengths and shapes. On the contrary, the spatial patterns highlighted by genera data did not perfectly overlap with those identified by the biological traits. From a taxonomic point of view, the change ascribable to the higher abundance of Terschellingia in Marinetta-Vallona was comparable to those attributable to the other dominant genera (Sabatieria and Daptonema) in the other lagoons. Only the biological traits analysis was able to indicate that the dominance of Terschellingia in Marinetta-Vallona led also to a functional change within the assemblage. According to both functional and taxonomic approaches, the nematodes seemed influenced by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (ΣPBDEs), whose concentrations in the sediments clearly exceeded their toxicity thresholds in Marinetta-Vallona, suggesting, therefore, that this group of emerging pollutants might induce a nematodes response at both taxonomic and functional level. Our findings suggest that for scarcely biodiverse assemblages, such as those of river lagoons, the BTA may not provide further information than the analysis of single traits while both these functional approaches may add relevant ecological information to traditional taxonomic-based methods, representing therefore a potential integration in the use of nematodes in monitoring actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Franzo
- Sezione di Oceanografia, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, I-34151, Trieste, Italy.
| | - P Del Negro
- Sezione di Oceanografia, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Via A. Piccard 54, I-34151, Trieste, Italy
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Stefani F, Casatta N, Ferrarin C, Izzotti A, Maicu F, Viganò L. Gene expression and genotoxicity in Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) modulated by sediment contamination and lagoon dynamics in the Po river delta. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 142:257-274. [PMID: 30389237 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The lagoons of the Po River delta are potentially exposed to complex mixtures of contaminants, nevertheless, there is a substantial lack of information about the biological effects of these contaminants in the Po delta lagoons. These environments are highly dynamic and the interactions between chemical and environmental stressors could prevent the proper identification of biological effects and their causes. In this study, we aimed to disentangle such interactions focusing on Manila clams, previously exposed to six lagoons of the Po delta, adopting three complementary tools: a) the detailed description via modelling techniques of lagoon dynamics for salinity and water temperature; b) the response sensitivity of a number of target genes (ahr, cyp4, ρ-gst, σ-gst, hsp22, hsp70, hsp90, ikb, dbh, ach, cat, Mn-sod, Cu/Zn-sod, cyp-a, flp, grx, TrxP) investigated in clam digestive glands by Real Time PCR; and c) the relevance of DNA adducts determined in clams as markers of exposure to genotoxic chemicals. The lagoons showed specific dynamics, and two of them (Marinetta and Canarin) could induce osmotic stress. A group of genes (ahr, cyp4, Mn-sod, σ-gst, hsp-22, cyp-a, TrxP) seemed to be associated with overall lagoon characteristics as may be described by salinity and its variations. Lagoon modelling and a second group of genes (hsp70, hsp90, cat, ikb, ach, grx, Cu/Zn-sod) also suggested that moderate increases of river discharge may imply worse exposure conditions. Oxidative stress seemed to be associated with such events but it was slightly evident also under normal exposure conditions. DNA adduct formation was mainly associated with overwhelmed antioxidant defences (e.g. low Cu/Zn-sod) or seemingly with their lack of response in due time. In Po delta lagoons, Manila clam can be affected by chemical and environmental factors which can contribute to induce oxidative stress, DNA adduct formation and, ultimately, to affect clam condition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Stefani
- CNR- National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute, Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Nadia Casatta
- CNR- National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute, Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy
| | - Christian Ferrarin
- CNR- National Research Council of Italy, ISMAR - Marine Sciences Institute in Venice, Castello 2737/f, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Maicu
- CNR- National Research Council of Italy, ISMAR - Marine Sciences Institute in Venice, Castello 2737/f, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Luigi Viganò
- CNR- National Research Council of Italy, IRSA - Water Research Institute, Via del Mulino 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy.
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Cacciatore F, Bernarello V, Boscolo Brusà R, Sesta G, Franceschini G, Maggi C, Gabellini M, Lamberti CV. PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon) bioaccumulation and PAHs/shell weight index in Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams & Reeve, 1850) from the Vallona lagoon (northern Adriatic Sea, NE Italy). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:787-798. [PMID: 29195222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Vallona lagoon is a transitional area located in the Po River delta (NE, ITALY) traditionally exploited for Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) farming. During 2007-2008, a pipeline was buried in the middle of the lagoon to connect an off-shore structure to facilities on land. PAH levels were monitored in Manila clams and sediments before, during and after the pipeline construction to assess the impact of the activities through the pattern of distribution of the PAH compounds. PAH bioaccumulation in clams displayed seasonal fluctuations with higher levels in autumnal and wintry surveys than in spring-summer. Principal component analysis applied to PAHs in clams highlighted a petrogenic input during ante operam period and a pyrolytic origin during the burying activities. On the contrary, sediment PAH concentrations resulted quite similar both among sites and periods. Biota-Sediment-Accumulation-Factor values also confirmed that sediments were not the major source of PAH pollution for clams in this study. The welfare of clams was examined through two physiological indices (condition index and survival in air) to check the effects of the activities on a commercial resource. Both physiological indices exhibited seasonal variations connected to natural endogenous and exogenous factors; however survival in air was the most sensitive index in highlighting the effects of the pipeline burying activities. Finally, to ensure that PAH bioavailability assessment was not affected by seasonal variation of soft tissues of molluscs, PAHs/shell weight index was applied. Higher levels of this index were observed before and during the burying activities, whilst, after that, values significantly lowered. Moreover, the normalization enabled us to highlight the PAH uptake from clams in some particular periods and to compare different populations in a long-term biomonitoring program with data obtained from different periods of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cacciatore
- ISPRA - Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Loc. Brondolo 30015, Chioggia, Venice, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bernarello
- ISPRA - Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Loc. Brondolo 30015, Chioggia, Venice, Italy
| | - Rossella Boscolo Brusà
- ISPRA - Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Loc. Brondolo 30015, Chioggia, Venice, Italy
| | - Giulio Sesta
- ISPRA - Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati No. 48, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- ISPRA - Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Loc. Brondolo 30015, Chioggia, Venice, Italy
| | - Chiara Maggi
- ISPRA - Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati No. 48, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Gabellini
- ISPRA - Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati No. 48, Rome, Italy
| | - Clauda Virno Lamberti
- ISPRA - Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati No. 48, Rome, Italy
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Aznar-Alemany Ò, Aminot Y, Vilà-Cano J, Köck-Schulmeyer M, Readman JW, Marques A, Godinho L, Botteon E, Ferrari F, Boti V, Albanis T, Eljarrat E, Barceló D. Halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants in European aquaculture samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 612:492-500. [PMID: 28865267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This work monitors flame retardants in sediment, mussel and water samples from European fish farms. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were detected in 95% of the sediment and mussel samples with mean levels of 8.60±22.6ngg-1 dw in sediments and 0.07±0.18ngg-1 dw in mussels. BDE-209 was the main contributor for the sediments and BDE-47 was found in about 60% of the samples of both matrices. Pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) and hexabromobenzene (HBB) were detected in 42% of the sediments, but not in mussels. Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was found in about 55% of the samples of both matrices. The same happened for dechloranes in mussels, but they were detected in 92% of the sediments. Syn-DP and anti-DP were always the main contributors. Methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs) were detected in all mussels and some sediments, mainly 6-MeO-BDE-47 and 2'-MeO-BDE-68. Organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) were found in all matrices with concentrations of 0.04-92.8ngg-1 dw in sediment, 0.50-102ngg-1 dw in mussel and 0.43-867ngl-1 in water. Only OPFRs were analysed in water samples as halogenated flame retardants and MeO-PBDEs are highly unlikely to be detected in water due to their physicochemical properties. Flame retardants have no application in fish farming so results should reflect the impact of human activity on the farm locations. A large majority of the most contaminated samples were collected from sampling spots that were at urban shores or in enclosed water bodies not completely open to the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Aznar-Alemany
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Yann Aminot
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
| | - Judit Vilà-Cano
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marianne Köck-Schulmeyer
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - James W Readman
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom; Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom.
| | - António Marques
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Avenida de Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Lia Godinho
- Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading (DivAV), Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, I.P.), Avenida de Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Elena Botteon
- Aeiforia Srl, Località Faggiola 12-16, 29027 Gariga, Podenzano (PC), Italy.
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Aeiforia Srl, Località Faggiola 12-16, 29027 Gariga, Podenzano (PC), Italy.
| | - Vasiliki Boti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Triantafyllos Albanis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Panepistimioupolis, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
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Almeida Â, Calisto V, Esteves VI, Schneider RJ, Soares AMVM, Figueira E, Freitas R. Ecotoxicity of the antihistaminic drug cetirizine to Ruditapes philippinarum clams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:793-801. [PMID: 28578237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cetirizine (CTZ) is an antihistaminic drug present in the aquatic environment, with limited information on its toxicity to organisms inhabiting this system. This study intended to evaluate the effects of CTZ on oxidative stress and energy metabolism biomarkers in the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum after a 28days exposure to environmentally relevant CTZ concentrations (0.0, 0.3, 3.0, 6.0 and 12.0μg/L). The results obtained showed that CTZ was accumulated by clams reaching maximum concentrations (up to ~22ng/g FW) at the highest CTZ exposure concentrations (6.0 and 12.0μg/L). The bioconcentration factor (average maximum values of ~5) decreased at 12.0μg/L reflecting a reduction in clams uptake or increase of excretion capacity at this condition. The present study revealed that, in general, clams decreased the metabolic potential after exposure to CTZ (decrease in electron transport system activity), a response that led to the maintenance of glycogen content in organisms exposed to CTZ in comparison to control values. Our findings also showed that, CTZ did not exert significant levels of oxidative injury to clams. However, comparing the control with the highest exposure concentrations (6.0 and 12.0μg/L) a significant increase of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide activity (~53 and ~44%) was observed in clams exposed to CTZ. Moreover, a tendency to increase lipid peroxidation (~14 and ~9%) and carbonyl groups on proteins (~11 and ~3%) was observed in clams exposed to CTZ (6.0 and 12.0μg/L) compared to control condition. Overall the present study suggests that toxic impacts may be induced in R. philippinarum if exposed for longer periods or higher CTZ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Almeida
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter -Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Etelvina Figueira
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Distribution and Removal of Nonylphenol Ethoxylates and Nonylphenol from Textile Wastewater—A Comparison of a Cotton and a Synthetic Fiber Factory in Vietnam. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9060386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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