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Isinkaralar O, Świsłowski P, Isinkaralar K, Rajfur M. Moss as a passive biomonitoring tool for the atmospheric deposition and spatial distribution pattern of toxic metals in an industrial city. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:513. [PMID: 38709416 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic pollution impacts human and environmental health, climate change, and air quality. Karabük, an industrial area from the Black Sea Region in northern Türkiye, is vulnerable to environmental pollution, particularly soil and air. In this research on methodological aspects, we analyzed the concentrations of six potential toxic metals in the atmospheric deposition of the city using the passive method of moss biomonitoring. The ground-growing terrestrial moss, Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw., was collected during the dry season of August 2023 at 20 urban points. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Co were determined in mosses by the ICP-MS method. Descriptive statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the status and variance in the spatial distribution of the studied metals, and multivariate analysis, Pearson correlation, and cluster analysis were used to investigate the associations of elements and discuss the most probable sources of these elements in the study area. Cd and Co showed positive and significant inter-element correlations (r > 0.938), representing an anthropogenic association mostly present in the air particles emitted from several metal plants. The results showed substantial impacts from local industry, manufactured activity, and soil dust emissions. Steel and iron smelter plants and cement factories are the biggest emitters of trace metals in the Karabük area and the primary sources of Cr, Cd, Ni, and Co deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oznur Isinkaralar
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye.
| | - Paweł Świsłowski
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| | - Kaan Isinkaralar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Małgorzata Rajfur
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Kominka St. 6, 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
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Nurkassimova M, Omarova N, Zinicovscaia I, Yushin N, Chaligava O. Mosses as bioindicators of air pollution with potentially toxic elements in the Burabay State National Natural Park, Kazakhstan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:442. [PMID: 38602562 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The Burabay State National Natural Park is a national park of the great natural and historical values located in the north of Kazakhstan, which has been exposed in recent years to significant anthropogenic impact. The moss biomonitoring was performed in the Borovoye resort community, an important tourist destination in the national park, to identify the level of air pollution. Mosses collected at 29 locations were subjected to neutron activation analysis to determine 36 elements and additionally to ICP-OES to detect the level of Cu and Pb. Factor analysis was applied to check if there are any associations between identified elements and to link them with possible emission sources. According to contamination factor and pollution load indices the investigated area belongs to three classes of pollution: unpolluted, suspected and moderate. Potential ecological risk index calculated for selected elements revealed harmless risk to human health. The level of element obtained in Burabay State National Natural Park was compared with the data available for other national parks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuriya Omarova
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev 2, 010008, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Russia.
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for RD in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30, Reactorului Str, 077125, Magurele, (Ilfov), Romania.
- Institute of Chemistry, Moldova State University, 3, Academiei Str, MD-2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.
| | - Nikita Yushin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Russia
| | - Omari Chaligava
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980, Dubna, Russia
- Faculty of Informatics and Control Systems, Georgian Technical University, 77, Merab Kostava Str., 0171, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Vesković J, Lučić M, Ristić M, Perić-Grujić A, Onjia A. Spatial Variability of Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater in the Vicinity of a Coal-Fired Power Plant and Associated Health Risk. TOXICS 2024; 12:62. [PMID: 38251017 PMCID: PMC10820410 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of rare earth elements (REEs), including 14 lanthanoids, scandium (Sc), and yttrium (Y), in groundwater around a large coal-fired thermal power plant (TPP). The ICP-MS technique was used to analyze 16 REEs in groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells. REE concentrations ranged from 59.9 to 758 ng/L, with an average of 290 ng/L. The most abundant was Sc, followed by La, accounting for 54.2% and 21.4% of the total REE concentration, respectively. Geospatial analysis revealed the REE enrichment at several hotspots near the TPP. The highest REE concentrations were observed near the TPP and ash landfill, decreasing with the distance from the plant and the landfill. REE fractionation ratios and anomalies suggested the Light REE dominance, comprising over 78% of the total REEs. Correlation and principal component analyses indicated similar behavior and sources for most REEs. Health risk assessment found hazard indices (HI) of 1.36 × 10-3 and 1.98 × 10-3 for adults and children, respectively, which are far below the permissible limit (HI = 1). Likewise, incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) were all below 1 × 10-6. Nevertheless, ongoing ash disposal and potential accumulation in the environment could elevate the REE exposure over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vesković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Lučić
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Ristić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Perić-Grujić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antonije Onjia
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
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Badawy W, Silachyov I, Dmitriev A, Lennik S, Saleh G, Mitwalli M, El-Farrash A, Sallah M. Elemental distribution patterns in rock samples from Egypt using neutron activation and complementary X-ray fluorescence analyses. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 202:111063. [PMID: 37839369 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The study utilized instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to accurately analyze the elemental composition of 28 felsite (rhyolite), rock samples. Statistical approaches, including bivariate and multivariate analysis, were employed to characterize the rocks and determine their origin. Major findings include significantly high levels of silicon (297000 ± 4000) mg/kg and low levels were noticed for gold (0.10 ± 0.01) mg/kg. The dominant major elements in the rocks were ranked as follows: silicon > aluminum > potassium > sodium > zirconium > calcium > zinc > manganese. A comparison with the upper continental crust (UCC) revealed higher levels for most elements, except for a few. The study also identified substantial amounts of uranium and thorium. Variations in elemental composition were observed both between different profiles and within felsite (rhyolite) rock samples, indicating heterogeneity and varying origins of the rocks. The findings contribute valuable baseline data for the area and highlight its economic significance for Egypt. Additionally, the study addresses the integration of results from different analytical methods, providing a comprehensive answer to this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Badawy
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russian Federation; Radiation Protection and Civil Defense Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Igor Silachyov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str.1, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Andrey Dmitriev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Lennik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str.1, 050032 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gehad Saleh
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mitwalli
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ali El-Farrash
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Sallah
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, New Damietta 34517, Egypt
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Assessment of the Atmospheric Deposition of Heavy Metals and Other Elements in the Mountain Crimea Using Moss Biomonitoring Technique. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13040573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The atmospheric depositions of heavy metals and other elements on the territory of Crimean Mountains in 2015 was assessed using the moss biomonitoring technique. The neutron activation analysis performed at the installation REGATA of the IBR-2 reactor was used for the determination of the mass fractions of 34 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Ta, Th, and U). Factor analysis, concentration factors, and enrichment factors were used to reveal possible sources of elements in the mosses. The main contributor to the deposition of elements on the mosses was the weathering of rock materials. The second group of elements included Br and I. The agriculture and marine sources of emissions were found to be important factors of atmospheric Br and I, respectively. The representing maps of the distribution of heavy metals and other elements revealed high levels of elements at the South coast of Crimea and near the city of Simferopol. The comparison of the obtained data with the data of biomonitoring studies performed for other mountain regions showed higher levels of Al, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, and As than in the mosses from Bulgaria, Macedonia, and Norway, but lower than in the mosses from Georgia, Turkey, Romania, and Northern Serbia. The presented results could serve as a basis for future monitoring research.
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Badawy W, Elsenbawy A, Dmitriev A, El Samman H, Shcheglov A, El-Gamal A, Kamel NHM, Mekewi M. Characterization of major and trace elements in coastal sediments along the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113526. [PMID: 35287011 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to provide a comprehensive picture of marine sediment characterization in terms of geochemistry and the extent of pollution. A total of 99 surface coastal sediments were collected from coastal areas along with the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. The samples were analyzed by neutron activation analysis (NAA) and the mass fractions in mg/kg of 39 trace elements were determined. The normalized mass fractions show significant amounts of Cl (26.4%), Sn (12%), Zr (7.3%), Hf (5.9%), Ti (4.7%), Cr (4.2%), Ca (3.4%), Si (3.1%), Sr (2.9%). The mass fractions of the rare earth elements REEs (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, and Lu) are almost double compared to literature data. Principal component analysis PCA and positive matrix factorization PMF were used to decipher the sources of pollutions. Sediment quality was quantified using different pollution indices such as enrichment factor (EF), modified pollution index (MPI), pollution load index (PLI) and the new approach to calculate total pollution index (TPI). The results of the study recognized four locations with significant pollution, namely the coastal area along Al Manzalah Lake, the Nile River estuaries at Ras Elbar and its western coastal area, at the outlet of Elbrullus Lake, and finally the Abu Qir Bay. The obtained result can serve as a geochemical background of the sediments of the study coastal area, which allows following the quality of marine sediments along with the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Badawy
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russian Federation; Radiation Protection and Civil Defense Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Elsenbawy
- Radiation Protection and Civil Defense Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrey Dmitriev
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russian Federation
| | - Hussein El Samman
- Menoufia University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Shibin El-koom, Egypt
| | - Alexey Shcheglov
- Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ayman El-Gamal
- Marine Geology Department, Coastal Research Institute, National Water Research Center, 15, St. Elpharanaa, Elshalalat, 21514 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nariman H M Kamel
- Radiation Protection and Civil Defense Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Mekewi
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Chaligava O, Shetekauri S, Badawy WM, Frontasyeva MV, Zinicovscaia I, Shetekauri T, Kvlividze A, Vergel K, Yushin N. Characterization of Trace Elements in Atmospheric Deposition Studied by Moss Biomonitoring in Georgia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 80:350-367. [PMID: 33236186 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work was conducted to obtain and highlight the first comprehensive baseline data on atmospheric deposition of trace elements and to evaluate the air quality in Georgia. A total of 120 moss samples were collected over accessible territories in Georgia in the period from 2014 to 2017. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp., Hypnum cupressiforme (Hedw.), and Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. moss species were analyzed by two complementary analytical techniques: instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry. Concentrations of 41 elements in mg/kg were determined. The concentrations were compared with the corresponding values in the literature and are in a good agreement, except for the concentration of Mg, Al, K, Ca, Ti, and Fe, which were higher than those reported for other countries. The principal component and discriminant analyses were implemented to extract information about the similar geochemical features and to decipher the provenance of the studied elements. The analysis showed that a considerable association of crustal elements and the provenance of elements can be considered as a mixture of geogenic and anthropogenic sources. In addition, the influence of different latitudinal climate zones on the distribution of elements in the atmospheric deposition was observed. The enrichment factor shows considerable values for Th and Zr. The spatial distribution of the pollution load index identifies four zones (#12, 38, 53, and 64). The potential ecological risk index and the risk index were calculated and it does not pose significant risk except As and Cd. The data obtained can be used as the first dataset of metal characterization of air pollution in Georgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Chaligava
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
- I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze ave. 3, Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia
| | - Sh Shetekauri
- I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze ave. 3, Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia
| | - Wael M Badawy
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
- Radiation Protection and Civil Defense Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), 13759, Abu Zaabal, Egypt
| | - Marina V Frontasyeva
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980.
| | - I Zinicovscaia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest Magurele, Romania
| | - T Shetekauri
- I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze ave. 3, Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia
| | - A Kvlividze
- I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze ave. 3, Tbilisi, 0179, Georgia
| | - K Vergel
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
| | - N Yushin
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
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Ye W, Yuan L, Zhu R, Yin X, Bañuelos G. Selenium volatilization from tundra soils in maritime Antarctica. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106189. [PMID: 33130370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Maritime Antarctica harbors a large number of penguins and seals that provide considerable input of selenium (Se) originating as guano into terrestrial ecosystems. Subsequent Se emissions via biomethylation and volatilization from these sources of Se have not been studied. Here, penguin colony soils (PCS) and adjacent tundra marsh soils (TMS), seal colony soils (SCS) and adjacent tundra soils (STS), and normal upland tundra soils (NTS) were collected in maritime Antarctica. For the first time, Se volatilization and speciation were investigated in these soils through incubation experiments using chemo-trapping method. The Se contents in PCS, SCS, STS and TMS were highly enriched compared with NTS, with organic matter-bound Se accounting for 70%-80%. Laboratory incubations yielded the greatest Se volatilization rates (VRSe) in PCS (0.20 ± 0.01 μg kg-1 d-1), followed by SCS (0.14 ± 0.01 μg kg-1 d-1) at low temperature (4 °C). Soil frozen-thawing induced 1-4 fold increase in VRSe, and the VRSe continuously increased until the soils fully thawed. The VRSe showed a significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.96, p < 0.01) with soil temperature. Methylated Se species were dominated by dimethylselenide (DMSe) in PCS and dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe) in SCS. Our results imply that the combination of climate warming, frozen-thawing processes, and high-Se inputs from sea animals will significantly increase tundra soil Se volatilization in maritime Antarctica. High VRSe from penguin colony soils, and significantly elevated Se levels in the mosses close to penguin colony, suggest that volatilization of Se from penguin colony soils play an important role in the mobilization and regional biogeochemical cycling of Se in maritime Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Linxi Yuan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renbin Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Xuebin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture, Suzhou Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gary Bañuelos
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Parlier, CA, USA
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Two lichens differing in element concentrations have similar spatial patterns of element concentrations responding to road traffic and soil input. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19001. [PMID: 33149251 PMCID: PMC7642413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two epiphytic lichens (Xanthoria alfredii, XAa; X. ulophyllodes, XAu) and soil were sampled at three sites with varied distances to a road in a semiarid sandland in Inner Mongolia, China and analyzed for concentrations of 42 elements to assess the contribution of soil input and road traffic to lichen element burdens, and to compare element concentration differences between the two lichens. The study showed that multielement patterns, Fe:Ti and rare earth element ratios were similar between the lichen and soil samples. Enrichment factors (EFs) showed that ten elements (Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, K, P, Pb, S, Sb, and Zn) were enriched in the lichens relative to the local soil. Concentrations of most elements were higher in XAu than in XAa regardless of sites, and increased with proximity to the road regardless of lichen species. These results suggested that lichen element compositions were highly affected by soil input and road traffic. The narrow-lobed sorediate species were more efficient in particulate entrapment than the broad-lobed nonsorediate species. XAa and XAu are good bioaccumulators for road pollution in desert and have similar spatial patterns of element concentrations for most elements as response to road traffic emissions and soil input.
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Hristozova G, Marinova S, Motyka O, Svozilík V, Zinicovscaia I. Multivariate assessment of atmospheric deposition studies in Bulgaria based on moss biomonitors: trends between the 2005/2006 and 2015/2016 surveys. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:39330-39342. [PMID: 32648219 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the changes in atmospheric deposition trends in Bulgaria, studied using the moss biomonitoring technique since 1995. For the first time, a paired (site-wise) comparison was performed after a critical review of the sampling networks and adjusting for location, the distance between the sampling points, and moss species. Data from the 2005/2006 and 2015/2016 moss surveys were chosen as instrumental neutron activation analysis was employed in both to determine the content of 34 elements (Al, As, Ba, Br, Са, Ce, Cl, Со, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, I, K, La, Mn, Na, Nd, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, Tm, U, V, W, Yb, Zn). In addition, Cd, Cu, and Pb were determined using complementary analytical methods: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy in 2015/2016 and atomic absorption spectroscopy in 2005/2006. For the subset of 57 routinely sampled locations in Bulgaria, hierarchical clustering on principal components and multiple factor analysis (MFA) were applied to assess the spatial trends in the 10 years elapsed between the surveys, as well as to characterise the origin of the determined elements. Elevation and distance between the sampling points were used as additional variables in the multiple factor analysis plane to ascertain their effect on the overall variance in the datasets. Distribution maps were constructed to illustrate the deposition patterns for the pollutant Pb. The results were consistent with decreased industrial output in the country, increased coal combustion and transport pollution, and construction of roads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Hristozova
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, Paisii Hilendarski University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Sector of Neutron Activation Analysis and Applied Research, Division of Nuclear Physics, FLNP, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980.
| | - Savka Marinova
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering, Paisii Hilendarski University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Oldřich Motyka
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- ENET Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Svozilík
- Sector of Neutron Activation Analysis and Applied Research, Division of Nuclear Physics, FLNP, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
- Institute of Environmental Technology, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Sector of Neutron Activation Analysis and Applied Research, Division of Nuclear Physics, FLNP, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Silachyov I. Elemental analysis of vegetation samples by INAA internal standard method. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Abbasi S, Keshavarzi B, Moore F, Hopke PK, Kelly FJ, Dominguez AO. Elemental and magnetic analyses, source identification, and oxidative potential of airborne, passive, and street dust particles in Asaluyeh County, Iran. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136132. [PMID: 31865089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important environmental issues in arid and semi-arid regions is deposition of dust particles. In this study, airborne, passive, and street dust samples were collected in Asaluyeh County, in August 2017, September 2017, and February 2018. The PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations for the sampling period ranged between 19.7 and 76.0 μg/m3 and 47.16-348 μg/m3 with an average of 46.4 μg/m3 and 143 μg/m3, respectively. Monthly dust deposition rates ranged from 5.2 to 26.1 g/m2 with an average of 17.85 g/m2. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) applied to the dust compositional data indicated that Sb, Zn, Pb, Mo, Cu, and As come from anthropogenic sources while Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Co originate mostly from geogenic sources. The PMF results indicated that the geogenic material was the major source of passive and airborne dust samples. Elemental compositions were similar for passive dust and local surface soil. Frequency-dependent magnetic susceptibility (χIf and χfd%) showed that the local soil is entisol. Isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM-100mT/IRM1T) versus saturation IRM (SIRM) demonstrated that the background sample contains ferrimagnetic minerals, but with increasing SIRM, the concentration of soft magnetic magnetite-like phases increases and the magnetic particles are larger. Mrs./Ms. versus Bcr/Bc indicated that the magnetic particles sizes were probably between 120 and 1000 nm. Eu values and the mean Eu/Eu* and La/Al values clearly show that the airborne dust is most affected by oil industries, while passive dust samples primarily originated from local surface soils. These assumptions were confirmed by Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model results. The samples display a moderate level of oxidation towards ascorbic acid (OPAA) and glutathione (OPGSH). Regarding the passive and airborne dust samples, backward Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) modeling results display a significant positive relationship between geogenic material and oxidative potential (OP). It includes many redox-active transition metals. Alternatively, the street dust OP is strongly related to geogenic and industrial sources and OPAA is marginally related to urban sources. It was shown that measured magnetic parameters can be used for OP estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran.
| | - Farid Moore
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States; Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Frank J Kelly
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ana Oliete Dominguez
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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13
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He Q, Wang X, He H, Zhang J. A Feasibility Study of Rare-Earth Element Vapor Generation by Nebulized Film Dielectric Barrier Discharge and Its Application in Environmental Sample Determination. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2535-2542. [PMID: 31766841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of 16 types of rare-earth elements (REEs) containing Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu vapor, generated simultaneously, was demonstrated by nebulized film dielectric barrier discharge (NFDBD) in this work. Note that this is the first report on the simultaneous vapor generation of 16 types of REEs, which previously was difficult to realize. Combining it with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) as the sampling technique, a 4-fold to 10-fold improvement in the detection limits (LODs) of the REEs was observed, compared with the conventional solution nebulization, and no obvious interferences from other metal ions and the mutual interferences between REEs at the mg L-1 level were found. Compared with ultrasonic nebulization, microconcentric (MCN) and membrane-desolvation (Aridus) and electrothermal vaporization (ETV) for REEs sampling, this NFDBD sampling technique operates not only with low cost and low power, but also without any requirement of extra reagents and easy coupling with flow injection for volume limited samples. Under optimized conditions, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 16 types of REEs determined at 5 μg L-1 was between 0.2% and 1.9%, and the LODs of REEs were between 0.002 ng L-1 and 0.422 ng L-1, depending on the element. This technique provides an alternative green and highly efficient vapor generation approach for the determination of REEs in environmental samples, especially in natural water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian He
- Key Lab of Marine Chemistry Theory & Technology, Ministry Education , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266100 , China
| | - Xianxian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao , 266100 , China
| | - Huijun He
- Key Lab of Marine Chemistry Theory & Technology, Ministry Education , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266100 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Earth and Environmental System, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
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14
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Abdusamadzoda D, Abdushukurov DA, Duliu OG, Zinicovscaia I, Yushin NS, Frontasyeva MV. Investigations of the Atmospheric Deposition of Major and Trace Elements in Western Tajikistan by Using the Hylocomium splendens Moss as Bioindicators. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 78:60-67. [PMID: 31720768 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00687-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study was performed in a mountainous area of approximately 7000 sq. km of Western Tajikistan, i.e., Turkestan, Zeravshan, Hissar, and Karateghin ridges that are characterized by complex geological settings. Moss biomonitoring was used to assess the concentration level of trace and major elements in atmospheric deposition of the study area. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. moss was used as biomonitor in this study. 43 major and trace-elements were determined by Epithermal Neutron Activation (ENAA) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). GIS maps of the 43 elements showed that the distribution of Mo, Cd, REE, Th, and U could be most probably associated with the Odjuk pegmatite field. Zr, Hf, and W contents are significantly increased in the vicinity of the Sarbo River washout while Cr, Co, Ni, and As showed a maximum content near Kanchoch gold field. The global pollution index based on the local content of presumed pollutants Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb in some places exceeded the threshold limits for a pristine, unpolluted environment. At the same time, the distribution of incompatible Sc, La, Yb, and Th suggested for the airborne material deposited on mosses a continental component, enriched in few places in felsic components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daler Abdusamadzoda
- Institute of Water Problem, Hydropower and Ecology of Academy of Science, 14a Ainy Str., 734042, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
- Frank Laboratory for Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 8, Joliot Curie Str., Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
| | - Djamshed A Abdushukurov
- Institute of Water Problem, Hydropower and Ecology of Academy of Science, 14a Ainy Str., 734042, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Octavian G Duliu
- Frank Laboratory for Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 8, Joliot Curie Str., Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980.
- Department of Structure of Matter, Earth and Atmospheric Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405, Atomistilor Str., 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania.
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Frank Laboratory for Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 8, Joliot Curie Str., Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
- Horia Hulubei R & D Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30, Reactorului Str., 077125, Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Nikita S Yushin
- Frank Laboratory for Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 8, Joliot Curie Str., Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
| | - Marina V Frontasyeva
- Frank Laboratory for Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 8, Joliot Curie Str., Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
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15
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Wang Z, Yin L, Xiang H, Qin X, Wang S. Accumulation patterns and species-specific characteristics of yttrium and rare earth elements (YREEs) in biological matrices from Maluan Bay, China: Implications for biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108804. [PMID: 31622893 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The critical usage of rare earth elements (REEs) in a variety of industrial applications has increased their release to the environment as emerging contaminants, while little is known about the fate and transport of REEs in coastal aquatic biota. In the present study, seven common species were collected and the concentrations of 15 naturally occurring REEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y) were determined. Significant differences in total REEs concentrations were found among species even in the same taxa or phylum, suggesting that REEs bioaccumulation patterns appeared to be species- and element-dependent even in the same taxa or phylum, but with limited potential for bio-magnification based on the nitrogen isotope signatures (δ15N). Except for occasional anomalies for redox-sensitive elements of Ce and Eu, the abundance patterns of REEs normalized to chondrite revealed similar REE distribution trends, indicating a common source of REEs in all samples. Additionally, the abundances of light REEs (from La to Eu) were much higher than those of heavy REEs (from Gd to Lu and Y), demonstrating the fractionation between the light and heavy REEs. Furthermore, REEs concentrations in molluscs were notably higher than other species, implying their potential as bio-indicators of REEs due to the habitat and specific feeding behavior. Overall, this is not only the first study to focus on distribution levels, accumulation characteristics, geochemical and fractionation patterns of REEs in coastal species from identical area, but quantifying and tracing REE behavior will contribute to better evaluating the possible environmental impacts of REEs enrichment for future biomonitoring research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaosheng Wang
- School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
| | - Lei Yin
- School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Huayong Xiang
- School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Xiaohai Qin
- School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Kejia Boulevard, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
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16
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Assessment of atmospheric deposition of major and trace elements using neutron activation analysis and GIS technology: Baku - Azerbaijan. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Qarri F, Lazo P, Allajbeu S, Bekteshi L, Kane S, Stafilov T. The Evaluation of Air Quality in Albania by Moss Biomonitoring and Metals Atmospheric Deposition. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 76:554-571. [PMID: 30805682 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The air quality of Albania is evaluated by trace metals atmospheric deposition using moss biomonitoring method. Bryophyte moss (Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw.) samples were collected during August and September 2015 from 55 sampling points distributed over the entire territory of Albania. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn in moss samples was determined by ICP-AES, ETAAS (As and Cd), and CVAAS (Hg) analysis. Spatial distribution and temporal trend of the moss elements is discussed in this study. Different variability was found in moss metal concentrations that may reflect their spatial distribution patterns and may identify the location of the areas with high contamination of each element. Compared with the measurements of moss collected in 2010, significant differences were found in the concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The differences between two moss surveys may reflect changes in the bioavailability of the elements resulting from wet and dry deposition respectively during 2015 and 2010 moss biomonitoring survey. The pollution loading index that was applied to judge the content of metal contamination indicated moderate pollution throughout Albania. Examination of the potential ecological risk found that As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb pose the highest potential ecological risks particularly in the areas with high metal contents. Factor analysis applied to investigate the probable sources of metals in the environment suggested that Al and Fe likely originated from natural sources. As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr likely originated from anthropogenic sources associated with long-range transport, transboundary pollution and local emission sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Qarri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Pranvera Lazo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana, Albania.
| | - Shaniko Allajbeu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana, Albania
| | - Lirim Bekteshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Elbasan, Elbasan, Albania
| | - Sonila Kane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Trajce Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
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18
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Minganti V, Drava G. Tree bark as a bioindicator of the presence of scandium, yttrium and lanthanum in urban environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:847-851. [PMID: 29874758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although rare earth elements (REEs) are important in modern industry, few processes use them, so the possibility of these elements being dispersed in the environment is small. For this reason, there are few studies on their presence in urban environments. REEs exhibit similar chemical properties, and Group 3 elements may be used as indicators of the presence of other REEs in the environment. Tree bark is a suitable collector of airborne trace elements and has been successfully used as a bioindicator. In this study, samples of holm oak bark were collected from three sampling sites subjected to different anthropic pressures (one area is far from human influence, while the other two sites are urban areas characterized by different types of human impact). The reference area is significantly different from urban areas where the concentrations measured are up to 5 times higher (Y) than the reference area. The differences between the two urban areas are also significant. The presence of industrial activities causes a 50% higher exposition of the population with respect to an urban area where only residential activities are present. In the case of La, there is no significant difference between the reference and the residential areas, while the industries are responsible for higher La concentrations (0.9 μg g-1vs. 0.4-0.6 μg g-1). The availability of samples, due to the wide distribution of trees in urban environments, makes possible the production of maps indicating the sources of these elements and highlighting areas which are critical for certain atmospheric pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Minganti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy.
| | - G Drava
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genoa, Italy
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19
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Mróz T, Szufa K, Frontasyeva MV, Tselmovich V, Ostrovnaya T, Kornaś A, Olech MA, Mietelski JW, Brudecki K. Determination of element composition and extraterrestrial material occurrence in moss and lichen samples from King George Island (Antarctica) using reactor neutron activation analysis and SEM microscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:436-446. [PMID: 29043588 PMCID: PMC5756565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seven lichens (Usnea antarctica and U. aurantiacoatra) and nine moss samples (Sanionia uncinata) collected in King George Island were analyzed using instrumental neutron activation analysis, and concentration of major and trace elements was calculated. For some elements, the concentrations observed in moss samples were higher than corresponding values reported from other sites in the Antarctica, but in the lichens, these were in the same range of concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and statistical analysis showed large influence of volcanic-origin particles. Also, the interplanetary cosmic particles (ICP) were observed in investigated samples, as mosses and lichens are good collectors of ICP and micrometeorites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Mróz
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Szufa
- Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Vladimir Tselmovich
- Borok Geophysical Observatory, A Branch of Shmidt's Institute of Physics of the Earth of RAS, Borok, Nekouz, Yaroslavl region, Russia, 152742
| | - Tatiana Ostrovnaya
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Rsearch, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Russia, 141980
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria A Olech
- Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, 31-501, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy W Mietelski
- Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Brudecki
- Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
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20
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Lazo P, Steinnes E, Qarri F, Allajbeu S, Kane S, Stafilov T, Frontasyeva MV, Harmens H. Origin and spatial distribution of metals in moss samples in Albania: A hotspot of heavy metal contamination in Europe. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:337-349. [PMID: 29017111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the spatial distribution of 37 elements in 48 moss samples collected over the whole territory of Albania and provides information on sources and factors controlling the concentrations of elements in the moss. High variations of trace metals indicate that the concentrations of elements are affected by different factors. Relations between the elements in moss, geochemical interpretation of the data, and secondary effects such as redox conditions generated from local soil and/or long distance atmospheric transport of the pollutants are discussed. Zr normalized data, and the ratios of different elements are calculated to assess the origin of elements present in the current moss samples with respect to different geogenic and anthropogenic inputs. Factor analysis (FA) is used to identify the most probable sources of the elements. Four dominant factors are identified, i.e. natural contamination; dust emission from local mining operations; atmospheric transport of contaminants from local and long distance sources; and contributions from air borne marine salts. Mineral particle dust from local emission sources is classified as the most important factor affecting the atmospheric deposition of elements accumulated in the current moss samples. The open slag dumps of mining operation in Albania is probably the main factor contributing to high contents of Cr, Ni, Fe, Ti and Al in the moss. Enrichment factors (EF) were calculated to clarify whether the elements in the present moss samples mainly originate from atmospheric deposition and/or local substrate materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranvera Lazo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Blv. "Zog I", Tirana 1001, Albania.
| | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Flora Qarri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | | | - Sonila Kane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Trajce Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Marina V Frontasyeva
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - Harry Harmens
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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21
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Sun G, Li Z, Liu T, Chen J, Wu T, Feng X. Rare earth elements in street dust and associated health risk in a municipal industrial base of central China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:1469-1486. [PMID: 28550599 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9982-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The content levels, distribution characteristics, and health risks associated with 15 rare earth elements (REEs) in urban street dust from an industrial city, Zhuzhou, in central China were investigated. The total REE content (∑REE) ranged from 66.1 to 237.4 mg kg-1, with an average of 115.9 mg kg-1, which is lower than that of Chinese background soil and Yangtze river sediment. Average content of the individual REE in street dust decreased in the order Ce > La > Nd > Y > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy > Er > Yb > Eu > Ho > Tb > Tm > Lu. The chondrite-normalized REE pattern indicated light REE (LREE) enrichment, a relatively steep LREE trend, heavy REE (HREE) depletion, a flat HREE trend, a Eu-negative anomaly and a Ce-positive anomaly. Foremost heavy local soil and to less degree anthropogenic pollution are the main sources of REE present in street dust. Health risk associated with the exposure of REE in street dust was assessed based on the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effect and lifetime average daily dose. The obtained cancer and non-cancer risk values prompt for no augmented health hazard. However, children had greater health risks than that of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhonggen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- Guizhou Provincial Laboratory for Mountainous Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
- Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
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22
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Zhou X, Chen Q, Liu C, Fang Y. Using Moss to Assess Airborne Heavy Metal Pollution in Taizhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14040430. [PMID: 28420186 PMCID: PMC5409631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bryophytes act as bioindicators and bioaccumulators of metal deposition in the environment. To understand the atmospheric deposition of heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) in Taizhou, East China, samples of moss (Haplocladium microphyllum) were collected from 60 sites selected by a systematic sampling method during the summer of 2012, and the concentrations of these heavy metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results suggested that the concentrations of these metals varied moderately among different sites, indicating a similar contamination level for each element throughout the monitoring region. The mean values under investigation were higher than those from neighboring cities, such as Wuxi, Xuzhou, and Nanjing, and much higher than those in Europe based on a 2010 survey. Significant (p < 0.01) correlations were identified among some of the heavy metals, suggesting that these originated from identical sources. There was no statistically significant correlation between Hg and all the other elements. Spatial distribution maps of the elements over the sampled territory were created using Arc-GIS 9.0. The potential ecological risk index indicated that the air was heavily polluted by Cd and Hg, and that there was a considerable potential ecological risk from all the heavy metals studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Qin Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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