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Ma X, Sha Z, Li Y, Si R, Tang A, Fangmeier A, Liu X. Temporal-spatial characteristics and sources of heavy metals in bulk deposition across China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171903. [PMID: 38527555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of industries, agriculture, and urbanization (including transportation and population growth), there has been a significant alteration in the emission and atmospheric deposition of heavy metal pollutants. This has consequently given rise to a range of ecological and environmental health issues. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive two-year investigation on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition across China based on the Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN). The atmospheric bulk deposition of Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) were 6.32 ± 1.59, 4.49 ± 0.57, 1.31 ± 0.21, 1.05 ± 0.16, 0.60 ± 0.06 and 0.21 ± 0.03 mg m-2 yr-1, respectively, with a large variation among the different regions of China. The order for atmospheric deposition flux was Southwest China > Southeast China > North China > Northeast China > Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and rural area > urban area > background area. The concentrations of heavy metals in bulk deposition exhibit seasonal variation with higher levels observed during winter compared to summer and spring, which are closely associated with anthropogenic activities. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) results indicated that combustion, industrial emissions and traffic are the primary contributors to atmospheric deposition of heavy metals. The single factor pollution index (Pi) of heavy metals is consistently below 1, and the composite pollution index (Ni) is 0.16 across China, indicating that atmospheric heavy metal deposition is at a pollution-free level. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index of heavy metals is 11.8, with Cd exhibiting the highest single factor potential ecological risk index at 7.09, suggesting that more attention should be paid to Cd deposition in China. The present study reveals the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of atmospheric heavy metals deposition in China, identifying regional source characteristics and providing a theoretical foundation and strategies for reducing emissions of atmospheric pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhipeng Sha
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Yunzhe Li
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruotong Si
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aohan Tang
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Qarri F, Kika A, Bekteshi L, Kane S, Allajbeu S, Lazo P. Are Mosses Used in Atmospheric Trace Metal Deposition Surveys Impacted by Their Substrate Soils? A National Study in Albania. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:400-412. [PMID: 37020065 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-00988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This research used moss biomonitoring to assess the atmospheric deposition of selected trace metals across the whole territory of Albania, a country of diverse lithology, and topography. Here, we assess three elements (Cr, Ni, and Co) that were identified in high concentrations compared to values reported by European moss surveys of 2010 and 2015. The possibility of element uptake by moss from substrate soils was assessed by analyzing moss and topsoil samples from the same areas. For this purpose, moss (Hypnum cupressiforme (Hedw.)) and topsoil samples were collected throughout Albania. Higher concentrations of elements in moss were found in areas of very high element content in soil characterized by no/or thin humus layer and sparse vegetation that stimulates soil dust generation. To compensate for the natural variation of the elements and to show their anthropogenic variation, geochemical normalization was conducted as the ratio of Co, Cr, and Ni concentration data to be concentration. Associations between elements in moss and soil samples, investigated by Spearman-Rho correlation analysis, indicated strong and significant correlations (r > 0.81, p = 0.000) between elements' data in moss or soil, and weak or no correlations (r < 0.4, p > 0.05) between the same data of moss and soil. Factor analysis revealed two main factors that selectively affect the elements in moss and top soil samples. Findings from this research suggested negligible interactions between moss and substrate soils, with the exception of soils with high concentrations of elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Qarri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlorë, Albania
| | - Alda Kika
- Department of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Lirim Bekteshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Elbasan, Elbasan, Albania
| | - Sonila Kane
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Shaniko Allajbeu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Pranvera Lazo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania.
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Chaudhuri S, Roy M. Global ambient air quality monitoring: Can mosses help? A systematic meta-analysis of literature about passive moss biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023:1-39. [PMID: 37363020 PMCID: PMC9970857 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Surging incidents of air quality-related public health hazards, and environmental degradation, have prompted the global authorities to seek newer avenues of air quality monitoring, especially in developing economies, where the situation appears most alarming besides difficulties around 'adequate' deployment of air quality sensors. In the present narrative, we adopt a systematic review methodology (PRISMA, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) around recent global literature (2002-2022), around moss-based passive biomonitoring approaches which might offer the regulatory authorities a complementary means to fill 'gaps' in existing air quality records. Following the 4-phased search procedure under PRISMA, total of 123 documents were selected for review. A wealth of research demonstrates how passive biomonitoring, with strategic use of mosses, could become an invaluable regulatory (and research) tool to monitor atmospheric deposition patterns and help identifying the main drivers of air quality changes (e.g., anthropogenic and/or natural). Besides individual studies, we briefly reflect on the European Moss Survey, underway since 1990, which aptly showcases mosses as 'naturally occurring' sensors of ambient air quality for a slew of metals (heavy and trace) and persistent organic pollutants, and help assessing spatio-temporal changes therein. To that end, we urge the global research community to conduct targeted research around various pollutant uptake mechanisms by mosses (e.g., species-specific interactions, environmental conditions, land management practices). Of late, mosses have found various environmental applications as well, such as in epidemiological investigations, identification of pollutant sources and transport mechanisms, assessment of air quality in diverse and complex urban ecosystems, and even detecting short-term changes in ambient air quality (e.g., COVID-19 Lockdown), each being critical for the authorities to develop informed and strategic regulatory measures. To that end, we review current literature and highlight to the regulatory authorities how to extend moss-based observations, by integrating them with a wide range of ecological indicators to assess regional environmental vulnerability/risk due to degrading air quality. Overall, an underlying motive behind this narrative was to broaden the current regulatory outlook and purview, to bolster and diversify existing air quality monitoring initiatives, by coupling the moss-based outputs with the traditional, sensor-based datasets, and attain improved spatial representation. However, we also make a strong case of conducting more targeted research to fill in the 'gaps' in our current understanding of moss-based passive biomonitoring details, with increased case studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-023-03043-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriroop Chaudhuri
- Jindal School of Liberal Arts and Humanities; Center for Environment, Sustainability and Human Development (CESH), O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana 131001 India
| | - Mimi Roy
- Jindal School of Liberal Arts and Humanities; Center for Environment, Sustainability and Human Development (CESH), O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana 131001 India
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Tao M, Liu Q, Schauer JJ. Direct measurement of the deposition of submicron soot particles on leaves of Platanus acerifolia tree. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2336-2344. [PMID: 36278318 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00328g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Submicron soot particles (<1.0 μm in aerodynamic diameter) are responsible for global warming and health burdens worldwide. However, studies on bio-monitoring of submicron soot particles and their associated sources by using tree leaves are not comprehensively illustrated. Here, we determined the seasonal trends of submicron soot particles on the leaves of the Platanus acerifolia collected from two cities (Lu'an, Anhui Province, and Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. The source apportionment of submicron soot particles was performed using stable carbon isotopic analyses. Significant seasonal trends of submicron soot particles were observed in two cities with averaged levels of 0.41-1.36 mg m-2 in cold seasons and averaged levels of 0.13-0.24 mg m-2 in warm seasons. The levels of δ13C for submicron soot at the suburban site of Lu'an city were observed to be in the range of -25.6‰ to -18.2‰ with fossil fuels dominated (∼58%) in summer and -23.0‰ to -15.6‰ with biomass burning dominated in winter (∼67%). In comparison, the ranges in the levels of δ13C in submicron soot were found to be from -26.5‰ to -20.4‰ in winter, and -24.2‰ to -17.9‰ in summer at the urban site of Nanjing. Fossil fuels accounted for a large fraction of submicron soot with average contributions of 53% in winter and 73% in summer, respectively. These findings demonstrate that Platanus acerifolia trees could be used as an effective and low-cost bio-monitoring tool for monitoring the pollution status of submicron soot and associated source contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tao
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Qingyang Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Popova ES, Morzhukhina SV, Ilyushkina AS, Zuev BK, Morzhukhin AM, Omarova NM. Control of the Conditions of the Completeness of the Mineralization (Sample Preparation) of Biomonitor Moss Samples in the Determination of Heavy Metals Entering Them in Transboundary Transfer from Atmospheric Air. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Stafilov T, Šajn R, Veličkovski-Simonović S, Tănăselia C. Moss biomonitoring of air pollution with potentially toxic elements in the Kumanovo Region, North Macedonia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:694-708. [PMID: 35787107 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2095849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A study was carried out to investigate air deposition and to explore the natural distribution and contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the Kumanovo Region, North Macedonia, by using moss samples as biomonitors for air pollution. The distribution of 51 elements was detected in 42 moss samples collected from this area. Moss samples were analyzed following microwave digestion by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). It was found that the atmospheric deposition for some PTEs in the moss samples in specific parts of the study area is influenced by anthropogenic and urban activities. R-mode factor analysis was used to identify and characterize element associations, and six associations of elements were determined. Four factors were separated from the group of macroelements determined by ICP-AES: Factor 1 (Al, Cr, Fe, Li, Ni, V, and Zn), F2 (K, Mg, and P), F3 (Ba and Sr), and F4 (Cd, Pb, and Zn); and two associations were separated from the group of trace elements determined by ICP-MS: Factor 1 (As, Co, Cs, Ga, Ge, Sc, Ti, Y, Zr, and rare earth elements-REEs) and Factor 2 (Bi, Br, Hg, I, Sb, Sn, and W).
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Affiliation(s)
- Trajče Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Robert Šajn
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Suzana Veličkovski-Simonović
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Claudiu Tănăselia
- INCDO-INOE 2000 Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation (ICIA), Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lequy E, Meyer C, Vienneau D, Berr C, Goldberg M, Zins M, Leblond S, de Hoogh K, Jacquemin B. Modeling exposure to airborne metals using moss biomonitoring in cemeteries in two urban areas around Paris and Lyon in France. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119097. [PMID: 35257806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of the general population to airborne metals remains poorly estimated despite the potential health risks. Passive moss biomonitoring can proxy air quality at fine resolution over large areas, mainly in rural areas. We adapted the technique to urban areas to develop fine concentration maps for several metals for Constances cohort's participants. We sampled Grimmia pulvinata in 77 and 51 cemeteries within ∼50 km of Paris and Lyon city centers, respectively. We developed land-use regression models for 14 metals including cadmium, lead, and antimony; potential predictors included the amount of urban, agricultural, forest, and water around cemeteries, population density, altitude, and distance to major roads. We used both kriging with external drift and land use regression followed by residual kriging when necessary to derive concentration maps (500 × 500 m) for each metal and region. Both approaches led to similar results. The most frequent predictors were the amount of urban, agricultural, or forest areas. Depending on the metal, the models explained part of the spatial variability, from 6% for vanadium in Lyon to 84% for antimony in Paris, but mostly between 20% and 60%, with better results for metals emitted by human activities. Moss biomonitoring in cemeteries proves efficient for obtaining airborne metal exposures in urban areas for the most common metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Lequy
- Unité "Cohortes en Population" UMS 011 Inserm/Université de Paris/Université Paris Saclay/UVSQ, Villejuif, France.
| | - Caroline Meyer
- UMS 2006 Patrimoine Naturel, OFB-CNRS-MNHN, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Berr
- University of Montpellier, Inserm, INM (Institute of Neurosciences of Montpellier) U1198, Montpellier, France; Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology, Montpellier, France
| | - Marcel Goldberg
- Unité "Cohortes en Population" UMS 011 Inserm/Université de Paris/Université Paris Saclay/UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Zins
- Unité "Cohortes en Population" UMS 011 Inserm/Université de Paris/Université Paris Saclay/UVSQ, Villejuif, France
| | - Sébastien Leblond
- UMS 2006 Patrimoine Naturel, OFB-CNRS-MNHN, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Jacquemin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
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Experimental Characterization of Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from Biomass Burning of Six Mediterranean Species and Litter. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires across the Mediterranean ecosystems are associated with safety concerns due to their emissions. The type of biomass determines the composition of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous compounds emitted during the fire event. This study investigated simulated fire events and analysed biomass samples of six Mediterranean species and litter in a combustion chamber. The main aims are the characterization of PM realized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), the quantification of gaseous emissions through gas chromatography (GC-MS) and, consequently, identification of the species that are potentially more dangerous. For PM, three size fractions were considered (PM10, 2.5 and 1), and their chemical composition was used for particle source-apportionment. For gaseous components, the CO, CO2, benzene, toluene and xylene (BTXs) emitted were quantified. All samples were described and compared based on their peculiar particulate and gaseous emissions. The primary results show that (a) Acacia saligna was noticeable for the highest number of particles emitted and remarkable values of KCl; (b) tree species were related to the fine windblown particles as canopies intercept PM10 and reemit it during burning; (c) shrub species were related to the particles resuspended from soil; and (d) benzene and toluene were the dominant aromatic compounds emitted. Finally, the most dangerous species identified during burning were Acacia saligna, for the highest number of particles emitted, and Pistacia lentiscus for its high density of particles, the presence of anthropogenic markers, and the highest emissions of all gaseous compounds.
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Zhou X, Hu R, Fang Y. Source and spatial distribution of airborne heavy metal deposition studied using mosses as biomonitors in Yancheng, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30758-30773. [PMID: 33594552 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12814-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Naturally growing mosses have been successfully used as biomonitors of atmospheric heavy metal (HM) deposition. In recent years, with rapid economic development, environmental pollution in Yancheng, a coastal city in central Jiangsu Province, China, has become increasingly serious. However, to date, there have been no reports on atmospheric HM deposition in Yancheng. In this study, we investigated the HM concentrations and Pb isotopes in the moss Haplocladium microphyllum (Hedw.) Broth. from Yancheng and analyzed their main sources. The concentrations of HM in mosses from Yancheng were higher than those recorded in other studies of mosses from HM smelting regions and pollution-free areas of Eurasia and Alaska. The contamination factor value suggested that the pollution level of Cd was the highest. The pollution load index indicated that the studied area was severely contaminated with Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, V, Ni, and Cu. Positive matrix factorization was employed to identify the contamination sources of HM and apportion their source contributions in mosses. The contributions of the natural source, together with manufacturing and construction, metal processing and chemical industries, traffic emissions and fuel burning in industrial activities, and agricultural activities, accounted for 53%, 33%, 12%, and 2%, respectively. The Pb isotopic ratios in the mosses (1.125-1.164 for 206Pb/207Pb, 2.059-2.148 for 208Pb/206Pb) further proved that metal processing and traffic emissions were the main sources of Pb contamination. These results are useful for developing various effective measures to prevent and reduce atmospheric HM deposition in Yancheng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhou
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224002, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yanming Fang
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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Lorenz M, Brunke M. Trends of nutrients and metals in precipitation in northern Germany: the role of emissions and meteorology. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:325. [PMID: 33950350 PMCID: PMC8099819 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the precipitation chemistry for a maritime region in northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein) from 1997 to 2017 in order to reveal temporal and spatial patterns and to evaluate the role of meteorological factors relative to emission reductions in Germany and Europe. Therefore, we applied several statistical methods such as time series decomposition, principal component, and redundancy analysis. We extracted two main groups: (i) a marine group (Cl, Na, Mg) that was related to natural processes like sea spray input and (ii) an anthropogenic group (Pb, Cd, As, Zn, and nitrogen species) with a terrestrial subgroup (Fe, Al, Mn), which were both related to emissions. These groups were valid for the spatial, seasonal, and annual trend data. Other elements, like Ca, K, total P, and sulfate, were influenced by natural and anthropogenic processes. The seasonal variation of ammonium deposition was caused primarily by ammonia emissions and ancillary by precipitation. Most heavy metals as well as sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium showed decreasing trends in concentrations and deposition fluxes. Only Hg did not show any trend. The decreasing depositions of sulfate and total nitrogen were correlated to emission reductions in Germany. The deposition of most heavy metals was influenced by emission reductions on European scale and meteorological factors such as wind speed and humidity. Hg did not show any correlation with the emission time series in Europe. Instead, it was correlated to the NAO index and wind, implying that global emissions and transport pathways determine the temporal development of Hg depositions. Overall, the study reveals that emission reductions positively influence regional depositions for most investigated substances. The regional spatial patterns of depositions were also influenced by local meteorological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Lorenz
- Landesamt für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, Abteilung Gewässer, Dezernat Fließgewässerökologie, Hamburger Chaussee 25, Flintbek, 24220, Germany.
| | - Matthias Brunke
- Landesamt für Landwirtschaft, Umwelt und ländliche Räume des Landes Schleswig-Holstein, Abteilung Gewässer, Dezernat Fließgewässerökologie, Hamburger Chaussee 25, Flintbek, 24220, Germany
- Landesamt für Umwelt Rheinland-Pfalz, Abteilung Gewässerschutz, Kaiser-Friedrich-Straße 7, Mainz, 55116, Germany
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Rogova N, Ryzhakova N, Gusvitskii K, Eruntsov V. Studying the influence of seasonal conditions and period of exposure on trace element concentrations in the moss-transplant Pylaisia polyantha. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:168. [PMID: 33683486 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-08900-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of seasonal conditions and exposure periods on trace element concentrations in samples of the epiphytic moss Pylaisia polyantha when transplanted into urban areas. This assessment was carried out in summer and winter at four sites differing in their level of technogenic trace element load. The contents of 25 trace elements (As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, Lu, Mo, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sm, Sr, Tb, Th, U, Yb, and Zn) were determined using neutron-activation analysis, and it was shown that seasonal conditions do not affect vital activity in P. polyantha graft moss. For most elements, the greatest increase in trace element concentration in P. polyantha transplant moss was observed within one month. The high sensitivity of this epiphytic moss-transplant to the level of technogenic load has thus been demonstrated, and it may find utility in future research with similar objectives.
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Oishi Y, Shin K, Tayasu I. Lead isotope ratios in moss for the assessment of transboundary pollutants in the Yatsugatake Mountains, central Japan. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Oishi
- Center for Arts and Sciences Fukui Prefectural University Matsuoka Fukui Japan
| | - Ki‐Cheol Shin
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kita‐ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Ichiro Tayasu
- Research Institute for Humanity and Nature Kita‐ku Kyoto Japan
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13
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Stafilov T, Špirić Z, Glad M, Barandovski L, Bačeva Andonovska K, Šajn R, Antonić O. Study of nitrogen pollution in the Republic of North Macedonia by moss biomonitoring and Kjeldahl method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:759-764. [PMID: 32163013 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1738825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the summer of 2005 and 2010, moss samples were collected from 72 sampling sites evenly distributed all over the territory of Republic of North Macedonia. Kjeldahl method was used to determine the nitrogen content in the samples. Descriptive statistics and distribution maps were prepared. Data obtained from these two surveys were compared, and additional comparison was done with data obtained from similar studies in the South-Eastern European countries and Finland as a clean area. The median value of N content in the samples collected in 2005 is 1.21%, varies from 0.70% to 1.54%, while the content of N in samples collected in 2010 ranges between 0.68% and 1.75% with the median value of 1.06%. High contents of N were found in the Northern and Central parts of the country mainly as a result of agricultural activities, industry and traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trajče Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | | | - Marin Glad
- Teaching Institute of Public Health - Primorsko-Goranska County, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lambe Barandovski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Katerina Bačeva Andonovska
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republic of North Macedonia - MANU, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Robert Šajn
- Geological Survey of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Nickel S, Schröder W, Schmalfuss R, Saathoff M, Harmens H, Mills G, Frontasyeva MV, Barandovski L, Blum O, Carballeira A, de Temmerman L, Dunaev AM, Ene A, Fagerli H, Godzik B, Ilyin I, Jonkers S, Jeran Z, Lazo P, Leblond S, Liiv S, Mankovska B, Núñez-Olivera E, Piispanen J, Poikolainen J, Popescu IV, Qarri F, Santamaria JM, Schaap M, Skudnik M, Špirić Z, Stafilov T, Steinnes E, Stihi C, Suchara I, Uggerud HT, Zechmeister HG. Modelling spatial patterns of correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in mosses and atmospheric deposition in 2010 across Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2018; 30:53. [PMID: 30613461 PMCID: PMC6302881 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-018-0183-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aims to investigate the correlations between the concentrations of nine heavy metals in moss and atmospheric deposition within ecological land classes covering Europe. Additionally, it is examined to what extent the statistical relations are affected by the land use around the moss sampling sites. Based on moss data collected in 2010/2011 throughout Europe and data on total atmospheric deposition modelled by two chemical transport models (EMEP MSC-E, LOTOS-EUROS), correlation coefficients between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were specified for spatial subsamples defined by ecological land classes of Europe (ELCE) as a spatial reference system. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and logistic regression (LR) were then used to separate moss sampling sites regarding their contribution to the strength of correlation considering the areal percentage of urban, agricultural and forestry land use around the sampling location. After verification LDA models by LR, LDA models were used to transform spatial information on the land use to maps of potential correlation levels, applicable for future network planning in the European Moss Survey. RESULTS Correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were found to be specific for elements and ELCE units. Land use around the sampling sites mainly influences the correlation level. Small radiuses around the sampling sites examined (5 km) are more relevant for Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, while the areal percentage of urban and agricultural land use within large radiuses (75-100 km) is more relevant for As, Cr, Hg, Pb, and V. Most valid LDA models pattern with error rates of < 40% were found for As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and V. Land use-dependent predictions of spatial patterns split up Europe into investigation areas revealing potentially high (= above-average) or low (= below-average) correlation coefficients. CONCLUSIONS LDA is an eligible method identifying and ranking boundary conditions of correlations between atmospheric deposition and respective concentrations of heavy metals in moss and related mapping considering the influence of the land use around moss sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nickel
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | | | - Roman Schmalfuss
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Maike Saathoff
- Chair of Landscape Ecology, University of Vechta, Vechta, Germany
| | - Harry Harmens
- ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
| | - Gina Mills
- ICP Vegetation Programme Coordination Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW UK
| | - Marina V. Frontasyeva
- Moss Survey Coordination Centre, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna, Moscow Region Russian Federation
| | | | - Oleg Blum
- National Botanical Garden, Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Anatoly M. Dunaev
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galati, Romania
| | | | - Barbara Godzik
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ilia Ilyin
- Meteorological Synthesizing Centre East, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Siiri Liiv
- Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Blanka Mankovska
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Juha Piispanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Claudia Stihi
- Valahia University of Targoviste, Targoviste, Romania
| | - Ivan Suchara
- Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Průhonice, Czech Republic
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15
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Lazo P, Steinnes E, Qarri F, Allajbeu S, Kane S, Stafilov T, Frontasyeva MV, Harmens H. Origin and spatial distribution of metals in moss samples in Albania: A hotspot of heavy metal contamination in Europe. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:337-349. [PMID: 29017111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the spatial distribution of 37 elements in 48 moss samples collected over the whole territory of Albania and provides information on sources and factors controlling the concentrations of elements in the moss. High variations of trace metals indicate that the concentrations of elements are affected by different factors. Relations between the elements in moss, geochemical interpretation of the data, and secondary effects such as redox conditions generated from local soil and/or long distance atmospheric transport of the pollutants are discussed. Zr normalized data, and the ratios of different elements are calculated to assess the origin of elements present in the current moss samples with respect to different geogenic and anthropogenic inputs. Factor analysis (FA) is used to identify the most probable sources of the elements. Four dominant factors are identified, i.e. natural contamination; dust emission from local mining operations; atmospheric transport of contaminants from local and long distance sources; and contributions from air borne marine salts. Mineral particle dust from local emission sources is classified as the most important factor affecting the atmospheric deposition of elements accumulated in the current moss samples. The open slag dumps of mining operation in Albania is probably the main factor contributing to high contents of Cr, Ni, Fe, Ti and Al in the moss. Enrichment factors (EF) were calculated to clarify whether the elements in the present moss samples mainly originate from atmospheric deposition and/or local substrate materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranvera Lazo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Blv. "Zog I", Tirana 1001, Albania.
| | - Eiliv Steinnes
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway
| | - Flora Qarri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | | | - Sonila Kane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vlora, Vlora, Albania
| | - Trajce Stafilov
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sts. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Marina V Frontasyeva
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980, Russia
| | - Harry Harmens
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
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16
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Baldacchini C, Castanheiro A, Maghakyan N, Sgrigna G, Verhelst J, Alonso R, Amorim JH, Bellan P, Bojović DĐ, Breuste J, Bühler O, Cântar IC, Cariñanos P, Carriero G, Churkina G, Dinca L, Esposito R, Gawroński SW, Kern M, Le Thiec D, Moretti M, Ningal T, Rantzoudi EC, Sinjur I, Stojanova B, Aničić Urošević M, Velikova V, Živojinović I, Sahakyan L, Calfapietra C, Samson R. How Does the Amount and Composition of PM Deposited on Platanus acerifolia Leaves Change Across Different Cities in Europe? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1147-1156. [PMID: 28060487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) deposited on Platanus acerifolia tree leaves has been sampled in the urban areas of 28 European cities, over 20 countries, with the aim of testing leaf deposited particles as indicator of atmospheric PM concentration and composition. Leaves have been collected close to streets characterized by heavy traffic and within urban parks. Leaf surface density, dimensions, and elemental composition of leaf deposited particles have been compared with leaf magnetic content, and discussed in connection with air quality data. The PM quantity and size were mainly dependent on the regional background concentration of particles, while the percentage of iron-based particles emerged as a clear marker of traffic-related pollution in most of the sites. This indicates that Platanus acerifolia is highly suitable to be used in atmospheric PM monitoring studies and that morphological and elemental characteristics of leaf deposited particles, joined with the leaf magnetic content, may successfully allow urban PM source apportionment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baldacchini
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Ana Castanheiro
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Nairuhi Maghakyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia , Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Gregorio Sgrigna
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Jolien Verhelst
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Rocío Alonso
- Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, CIEMAT , Avda. Complutense 22, edif. 70, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jorge H Amorim
- CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro , Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Patrick Bellan
- Vegetation Consultant/Landscape Engineer, Båstadsgatan 6a, Malmö 21439, Sweden
| | - Danijela Đunisijević Bojović
- Department for Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade , Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jürgen Breuste
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg , Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Oliver Bühler
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark
| | - Ilie C Cântar
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea″, Padurea Verde Alley 8, Timisoara 300310, & B-dul Eroilor 128, Bucharest 077190, Romania
| | - Paloma Cariñanos
- Department of Botany, University of Granada & IISTA-CEAMA, Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research , Av. Mediterraneo, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Giulia Carriero
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Galina Churkina
- Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) , Berlinerstr 130, Potsdam 14467, Germany
| | - Lucian Dinca
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea″, Padurea Verde Alley 8, Timisoara 300310, & B-dul Eroilor 128, Bucharest 077190, Romania
| | - Raffaela Esposito
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Stanisław W Gawroński
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Ul. Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
| | - Maren Kern
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences HAFL, Bern University of Applied Sciences , Länggasse 85, Zollikofen 3052, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Thiec
- UMR EEF, INRA, Université de Lorraine , Champenoux 54280, France
| | - Marco Moretti
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland
| | - Tine Ningal
- School of Geography, University College of Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eleni C Rantzoudi
- Department of Forestry and Management of Environment and Natural Resources, Dimocritus University of Thrace , Pantazidou 193, Orestiada 68200, Greece
| | - Iztok Sinjur
- Slovenian Forestry Institute , Večna pot 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Biljana Stojanova
- Department of Urban Greenery, Public Enterprise "Parks and Greenery", Bul. Ilindenska 104, Skopje 1000, Macedonia
| | - Mira Aničić Urošević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade , Pregrevica 118, Belgrade 11080, Serbia
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Ivana Živojinović
- European Forest Institute Central-East and South-East European Regional Office (EFICEEC-EFISEE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna, Feistmantelstrasse 4, Vienna 1180, Austria
| | - Lilit Sahakyan
- Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia , Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Roeland Samson
- Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
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