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Wenting E, Siepel H, Jansen PA. Variability of the Ionome of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in a Dutch National Park, with Implications for Biomonitoring. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2518-2546. [PMID: 37814170 PMCID: PMC11052835 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The ionome-an important expression of the physiological state of organisms-is poorly known for mammals. The focus on particular tissues-such as liver, kidney, and bones-in biomonitoring of environmental pollution and potential deficiencies is based on widely held assumptions rather than solid knowledge of full mammalian ionomes. We examined the full ionome of Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Wild boar (Sus scrofa), two commonly used mammals for biomonitoring, in a Dutch protected nature reserve (Veluwezoom). We used four individuals per species. We dissected 13 tissues and organs from each individuals (eight in total) of each species and measured 22 elemental concentrations in each. We assessed, for each element, how concentrations varied across tissues within and between individuals. Based on existing literature, we put our findings in the context of their function in the mammalian body. We found that the ionome was highly variable between as well as within the two species. For most elements, tissues containing the highest and lowest concentration differed between individuals. No single tissue accurately represented the accumulation of toxic elements or potential deficiencies in the bodies. Our assessment of the element's biological roles revealed a serious lack of reference values. Our findings imply that analyses of commonly used tissues in biomonitoring do not necessarily capture bioaccumulation of toxins or potential deficiencies. We recommend establishing a centralized database of mammalian ionomes to derive reference values in future. To our knowledge, our study is one of the most complete assessments of mammalian ionomes to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Wenting
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
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Wenting E, Siepel H, Christerus M, Jansen PA. Ionomic Variation Among Tissues in Fallow Deer (Dama dama) by Sex and Age. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:965-979. [PMID: 37286849 PMCID: PMC10803548 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
(1) In mammals, the mineral nutrient and trace elemental composition of the body - the ionome - differs among individuals. It has been hypothesized that these differences may be related to age and sex, both for ecotoxic and essential elements. (2) We investigated whether and how intraspecific ionomic variation is related to age and sex in Fallow deer (Dama dama). We tested the predictions that concentrations of ecotoxic elements increase with age, that ionomic variation is lower among young individuals than among older individuals, and that reproductive females (does) have the lowest concentrations of essential elements. (3) Culled animals of different sex and age were obtained from a single protected area. The animals were dissected to collect 13 tissues, and concentrations of 22 different elements were measured in a sample of each tissue. (4) We described substantial ionomic variation between individuals. Some of this variation was related to age and sex, as predicted. Based on the limited existing knowledge on chemical element allocation and metabolism in the body, sex-related differences were more difficult to interpret than age-related differences. Since reference values are absent, we could not judge about the consequences of the elemental values that we found. (5) More extensive ionomic surveys, based on a wide range of elements and tissues, are needed to enlarge the understanding of within-species ionomic variation and potential biological, ecological, and metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Wenting
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands.
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Christerus
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick A Jansen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA, The Netherlands
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon, Panama
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Bąkowska M, Pilarczyk B, Tomza-Marciniak A, Pilarczyk R, Udała J. Cadmium in Selected Organs of Game Animals from Areas with Different Degrees of Industrialisation and Its Intake by Human Consumers. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:305. [PMID: 38254474 PMCID: PMC10812400 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of cadmium (Cd) in the organs of game animals from areas with different degrees of industrialisation and to assess its intake following the consumption of the livers of these animals. The material for this study consisted of liver and kidney samples taken from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) from five regions differing in land use and industrialisation. Compared to the kidneys, the liver was an indicator of the current state of the environment and Cd intake, while the kidney was used to assess the long-term accumulation of Cd in the body. The cadmium concentration in the samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The cadmium concentrations of the organs were found to vary according to geographical location, with the highest levels being observed in Southern Poland, i.e., areas characterised by the highest degree of industrialisation and the presence of heavy industry. However, high Cd concentrations were also reported in the northeastern region. Examples of excessive cadmium levels in the kidneys were noted in all tested regions. Cd intake by humans was evaluated by calculating the estimated daily cadmium intake, and this was compared with the tolerable weekly intake (TWI). The TWI was only exceeded by children frequently consuming wild boar liver from the southwest region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Bąkowska
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.P.); (A.T.-M.); (J.U.)
| | - Bogumiła Pilarczyk
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.P.); (A.T.-M.); (J.U.)
| | - Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.P.); (A.T.-M.); (J.U.)
| | - Renata Pilarczyk
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jan Udała
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (B.P.); (A.T.-M.); (J.U.)
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Steiner-Bogdaszewska Ż, Tajchman K, Ukalska-Jaruga A, Florek M, Pecio M. The Mineral Composition of Bone Marrow, Plasma, Bones and the First Antlers of Farmed Fallow Deer. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202764. [PMID: 36290150 PMCID: PMC9597732 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate supply of essential nutrients is particularly important during the skeletal growth and development of young deer, especially in males, who build new antlers each year. The aim of the research was to analyze the levels of 21 mineral elements (including the bulk elements: Ca, P, Mg, K, Na; trace elements: Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo; and toxic elements: Be, Al, As, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Ni) in the bone marrow, plasma, bones, and first antlers of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama). The mineral compositions of tissues were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Higher concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Cr, Zn, Se, Al, Ba and Ni were found in bone marrow than in plasma. The highest concentrations of Ca, P and Ba were recorded in fallow deer bone, while the highest concentrations of Mg, K, Na, Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Be, Al, As, Sb, Pb and Ni were found in the antlers. Moreover, the research showed a significant negative relationship between Ca and Cd, and between Ca and Pb, and P and Pb (rS = −0.70, rS = −0.80, and rS = −0.66, respectively; p < 0.05) in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Steiner-Bogdaszewska
- Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Station in Kosewo Górne, 11-700 Mrągowo, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tajchman
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (A.U.-J.)
| | - Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (A.U.-J.)
| | - Mariusz Florek
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Pecio
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Kaczyński P, Łozowicka B, Perkowski M, Zoń W, Hrynko I, Rutkowska E, Skibko Z. Impact of broad-spectrum pesticides used in the agricultural and forestry sector on the pesticide profile in wild boar, roe deer and deer and risk assessment for venison consumers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147215. [PMID: 34088076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The present work is the first extensive study of large-scale pesticides research in wild animals. The investigation covered three game species: wild boar (n = 42), roe deer (n = 79) and deer (n = 15) collected from north-eastern Poland. To characterize the 480 pesticides in muscle samples, LC-GC-MS/MS techniques were used. A total of 28 compounds were detected: 5 neonicotinoids, 6 organochlorine and 5 other insecticides, 9 fungicides and 4 herbicides, in the range of 0.1-85.3 ng g-1. Over four hundred detections were done. The highest mean concentrations were as follows: anthraquinone (85.3 ng g-1) > DDT-p,p' (4.6 ng g-1) > imidacloprid (4.3 ng g-1) > permethrin (3.6 ng g-1) > thiacloprid (2.8 ng g-1). DDT and metabolites were the most frequently detected, followed by acetamiprid, tebuconazole, clothianidin and imidacloprid. Overall, 92% samples with residues were recorded, including 100% of wild boar, 88% of roe deer and 86% of deer. More than one pesticide (up to 9) was found in over 73% of the tested samples. The estimated chronic and acute risk to consumers of venison were very low (below 1% ADI and ARfD). This interdisciplinary study may be helpful for estimating ecological risk to wild animals and risk to consumers of wild animal products, and also as a source of biomonitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Białystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Perkowski
- University of Białystok, Faculty of Law, Department of Public International Law and European Law, Mickiewicza 1, 15-213 Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zoń
- University of Białystok, Faculty of Law, Department of Public International Law and European Law, Mickiewicza 1, 15-213 Białystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Hrynko
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Rutkowska
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Białystok, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Skibko
- Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
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The Levels of Mineral Elements and Toxic Metals in the Longissimus lumborum Muscle, Hair and Selected Organs of Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus L.) in Poland. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051231. [PMID: 33923214 PMCID: PMC8145373 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The relationships between nutritive elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Ca and Mg) and toxic metals (Pb and Cd) can inform the assessment of health status of red deer, which are exposed to pollution in their natural environment. These elements in the longissimus lumborum muscle, hair and selected organs of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) were analysed. The study revealed many significant correlations between the levels of elements and their high variability in individual tissues and organs. The accumulation of a specific metal in a tissue or organ can reduce its concentration in another matrix or promote increased content in another tissue or organ. Abstract The aim of the study was to analyse correlations and variability between the levels of mineral elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Na, K, Ca and Mg) and toxic metals (Pb and Cd) in the longissimus lumborum muscle, hair and selected organs of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). The levels of mineral elements were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). The levels of Pb and Cd were analysed by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET-AAS). Of all analysed microelements, the highest concentration (in g·kg−1 of dry weight) was found for Fe in the liver. Considering all macroelements, the highest level was found for K in the longissimus lumborum muscle. Particularly remarkable was the high level of Pb in the muscle and hair of red deer. The level of Cd in the hair was four to five times lower than in other samples. The study revealed many significant correlations between the levels of certain elements in individual tissues and organs. There were significant correlations between Cu-Fe (rxy = 0.650; p ≤ 0.01), Pb-Cu (rxy = −0.863; p ≤ 0.01) and Cd-Ca (rxy = −0.743; p ≤ 0.01) in testicles. For kidneys, a significant negative correlation was found for K and Na (rxy = −0.779; p ≤ 0.01) and for Ca and Cd (rxy = −0.695; p ≤ 0.01), and a positive correlation between Cu and Mn (rxy = 0.693; p ≤ 0.01). In the liver, significant negative correlations were found between Ca-K (rxy = −0.654; p ≤ 0.05), Cd-Fe (rxy = −0.651; p ≤ 0.05) and Pb-Cu (rxy = −0.627; p ≤ 0.05). In the muscle, only single significant correlations were found between Cd and Mn (rxy = 0.648; p ≤ 0.05). The highest number of significant correlations were recorded for the hair, among others between Na-K (rxy = 0.760) and Ca-Zn (rxy = 0.709) at p ≤ 0.01. The study revealed high variability in the levels of mineral elements and selected toxic metals in tissues, organs and hair of red deer. Additionally, this research confirmed that the accumulation of a specific metal in a tissue or organ can reduce its concentration in another matrix or promote its increased content in another tissue or organ.
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Pilarczyk B, Tomza-Marciniak A, Pilarczyk R, Udała J, Kruzhel B, Ligocki M. Content of essential and non-essential elements in wild animals from western Ukraine and the health risks associated with meat and liver consumption. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125506. [PMID: 31812057 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The meat and offal from game animals may act as sources of both essential and non-essential elements and the presence of high levels of toxic elements in their tissues can pose a serious threat to human health. The purpose of the work was to determine the levels of selected toxic and non-toxic elements in the tissues of free-living animals from western Ukraine and to assess the health risks associated with meat and liver consumption. The test material comprised muscle, liver and kidney samples taken from 12 wild boar (Sus scrofa), 10 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 8 hares (Lepus europaeus L.). All material was obtained from the Lviv region, western Ukraine. The obtained results indicate the presence of a relatively high Pb content in free-living animals in western Ukraine. The permissible concentration of this element was exceeded in all meat and offal samples. In the case of Cd, exceeded permissible values were observed in the muscle of wild boar (30% of samples) and kidney of wild boar (8% of samples), roe deer (20% of samples) and brown hare (12% of samples). The highest HQ values were observed for Fe, Cd, Zn and Mn in the consumed liver and meat of the tested animals. However, in neither case was the HQ or HI found to be greater than 1, which indicates a low probability of the development of adverse health effects associated with the consumption of game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumiła Pilarczyk
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Renata Pilarczyk
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Jan Udała
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Barna Kruzhel
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, Lviv State Agrarian University, Lviv-Dubljany, 80381, Ukraine
| | - Marek Ligocki
- Department of Poultry and Ornamental Bird Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270, Szczecin, Poland.
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Lazarus M, Gančević P, Orct T, Barišić D, Jerina K, Šprem N. Barbary sheep tissues as bioindicators of radionuclide and stabile element contamination in Croatia: exposure assessment for consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14521-14533. [PMID: 30877528 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Muscle, liver and kidney of 21 Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) from Mosor Mountain, Croatia, were sampled to quantify the activity of caesium and potassium radionuclides and five toxic and ten essential stabile elements in order to establish reference values for this species and to evaluate the potential of Barbary sheep tissues to reflect environmental pollution. We also assessed seasonal diet (botanical composition and dry matter content) of Barbary sheep based on analyses of a rumen content of culled animals. None of the 19 plant species (mostly grasses) identified as part of the Barbary sheep diet is known as a stabile element or radionuclide hyperaccumulator. Measured levels reflected low environmental pollution with arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, with levels generally less than those reported for wild herbivorous ungulates. Methodological differences (detection limit of elements in muscle) were shown to hamper interpretation and comparison of the Toxic Contamination Index (TCI) values with those published for other species. There was no homeostasis disturbance of trace elements in Barbary sheep, either due to inadequate intake via food or as an adverse effect due to a high toxic metal(loid) burden. Consumption of the muscle and liver of wild Barbary sheep can be considered safe for the health of adult consumers regarding toxic metal(loid)s and radioactive caesium, though the liver should be avoided as a food item in vulnerable population groups due to the possible adverse effects of cadmium and lead. Otherwise, muscle and liver are a rich source of copper, iron, selenium and zinc for consumers and, as such, can benefit the overall dietary intake of essential elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Lazarus
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pavao Gančević
- Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Delko Barišić
- Laboratory for Radioecology, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, PO Box 160, Bijenička 54, 10002, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klemen Jerina
- Department of Forestry, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 83, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nikica Šprem
- Department of Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Kicińska A, Glichowska P, Mamak M. Micro- and macroelement contents in the liver of farm and wild animals and the health risks involved in liver consumption. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:132. [PMID: 30726514 PMCID: PMC6373291 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the macroelement (Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Zn) and microelement (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Sn) contents found in the liver of wild animals (boar and deer) and farm animals (rabbit, chicken, duck, cow, goat, and turkey). Statistically, the differences in element contents between the two groups were not significant (at p = 0.05), with the exception of Fe, K, Mg, Cd, Hg, Mo, and Pb. The liver of farm animals contained more Al, Cu, K, Mg, Na, Cr, and Sn, while the content of the remaining elements was higher in wild animals. An analysis of correlations between element content and age in wild animals (boar) showed that Pb and Al content increases with age, while Na and Cr contents decrease significantly. Comparisons between the test results and the maximum limits allowed by law showed that, in the case of wild animals, the regulatory limits were exceeded in 18% (for Cd and Cu) and 9% (for Hg) of the liver samples analyzed. In the case of farm animals, the limits for micro- and macroelement contents were not exceeded. The hazard index (HI) values for farm animals were lower than for wild animals, with regard to consumption by both children and adults. Based on the HI values calculated, it seems recommendable that consumption of the liver (preferably from farm animals) by children be limited to once weekly. For adults, the liver can be a valuable source of elements such as Zn, Fe, and Cr, which may be an indication for more frequent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kicińska
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Paulina Glichowska
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mamak
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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Vukšić N, Šperanda M, Lončarić Z, Đidara M, Ludek E, Budor I. The effect of dietary selenium addition on the concentrations of heavy metals in the tissues of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) in Croatia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11023-11033. [PMID: 29404953 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the concentrations of cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic and the essential elements iron and selenium in the tissues (muscle, kidney, liver, spleen, and fat) of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) without and with supplemental selenium addition. Another aim was to determine the effect of selenium addition on the indicators of oxidative stress, namely, the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and vitamin E. The research was carried out with 40 fallow deer during two research periods. Supplemental feed without selenium addition was provided during the first research period, and supplemental feed with added selenium (3 mg/kg) was provided for 60 days during the second research period. The concentration of selenium in tissues was higher in the second research period than in the first research period (in kidney tissue, 0.957 vs. 0.688 mg/kg, P < 0.05). The dietary addition of selenium decreased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of some heavy metals (lead in the spleen = 0.06 vs. 0.27 mg/kg and in the fatty tissue = 0.17 vs. 0.69 mg/kg; arsenic in the muscle tissue = 0.005 vs. 0.014 mg/kg, liver = 0.003 vs. 0.009 mg/kg, spleen = 0.004 vs. 0.013 mg/kg, and fat = 0.008 vs. 0.016 mg/kg). The activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the second research period than in the first research period (1375.36 vs. 933.23 U/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neška Vukšić
- Croatian Hunting Association, Vladimira Nazora 63, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Šperanda
- J.J. Strossmayer University from Osijek Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Zdenko Lončarić
- J.J. Strossmayer University from Osijek Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mislav Đidara
- J.J. Strossmayer University from Osijek Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31 000, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Eyer Ludek
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivica Budor
- Croatian Hunting Association, Vladimira Nazora 63, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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Lehel J, Zwillinger D, Bartha A, Lányi K, Laczay P. Food safety aspects of primary environmental contaminants in the edible tissues of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:25372-25382. [PMID: 28933022 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The muscle, liver, kidney and fat samples of 20 roe deer of both sexes originating from a hunting area in central Hungary were investigated for the presence of heavy metals such as As, Cd, Hg and Pb, and their contents were evaluated for possible health risk to consumers. Both As and Hg were found at a level below the limit of detection (< 0.5 mg/kg wet weight) in all samples. The median of the measured Cd concentrations was significantly higher in both the kidney and the liver (p = 0.0011) of bucks than of does. In bucks, Cd levels exceeded the respective maximum limits laid down in the European legislation in four kidney and three muscle samples, whereas in does, the measured concentrations were below the respective limits in all samples. The detected amounts of Pb exceeded the maximum limits in the kidney of one buck and eight does, in the liver of two bucks and six does, in the muscle of six bucks and nine does, whereas in all fat tissues of both bucks and does. The concentration of Pb (p = 0.02) was significantly greater in the kidney of does compared to roebucks. Based on data obtained from the present study, the consumption of organs and tissues of the investigated roe deer could be objectionable from food-toxicological point of view and may pose risk to the high consumers of wild game due to their cadmium and lead contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Lehel
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Zwillinger
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary
| | - András Bartha
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Veterinary Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lányi
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary
| | - Péter Laczay
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary
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12
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Neila C, Hernández-Moreno D, Fidalgo LE, López-Beceiro A, Soler F, Pérez-López M. Does gender influence the levels of heavy metals in liver of wild boar? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 140:24-29. [PMID: 28231502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine heavy metal reference levels for risk assessment studies. For this purpose, the levels of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc were determined in liver tissues of wild boars sampled in NW Spain. The mean values were 0.383, 0.326, 23.50 and 56.86mg/kg dried weight, respectively. In general, the levels detected were similar to or lower than the levels reported in literature. This study not only provides a useful baseline for biomonitoring the levels of the analyzed contaminants in wildlife in NW Spain, it also helps to understand the effects of gender on the levels of these elements. Similar to studies performed in other geographical regions, no significant gender-related differences could be detected. Although differences were not significant, the levels of zinc, cadmium and lead were modestly higher in males (55.78, 0.346 and 0.424mg/kg, respectively) compared to females (45.25, 0.305 and 0.341mg/kg). Our results indicate that, although gender did not significantly affect heavy metal uptake and toxicokinetics of contaminants in wild boars, these effects could vary between species, populations, organs, and elements. It is therefore essential to investigate gender-related differences for each species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Neila
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - D Hernández-Moreno
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - L E Fidalgo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (USC), 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - A López-Beceiro
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (USC), 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - F Soler
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003 Caceres, Spain; IPROCAR Research Institutes
| | - M Pérez-López
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), 10003 Caceres, Spain; INBIO G+C Research Institutes.
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13
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Durkalec M, Kolenda R, Owczarek T, Szkoda J, Nawrocka A, Grzegrzółka J, Dzięgiel P, Socha P, Kołacz R, Schierack P, Żmudzki J, Posyniak A. Expression of metallothionein in the liver and kidneys of the red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from an industrial metal smelting area of Poland. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 137:121-129. [PMID: 27918943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The metallothionein 1 (MT1) coding sequence of red deer was identified and compared to orthologous sequences from other mammals. Over 90% identity was observed between red deer MT1 amino acid sequence and MT1 sequences of other ruminants. Liver and kidney samples of red deer were collected from the industrial zinc smelting site of Miasteczko Slaskie and from the Masuria Lake District serving as a pollution-free control site. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed by the atomic absorption spectrometry technique (AAS). The levels of Cd in the liver of red deer from the metal smelting region was about 8 times higher than for the reference control site. Next, the expression of MT1 mRNA in the liver of red deer was quantified by the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and the expression of MT1/2 protein in the liver and kidneys was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Positive correlations were found between expression levels for MT1 mRNA and the concentrations of Cu and Zn in liver of red deer, and with the age of animals. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated the nuclear and cytoplasmatic expression in both liver and kidney tissues, but with no obvious relationship shown for the expression of MT1/2 protein and tissue metal levels. Our results showed that the analysis of MT expression levels in the red deer could not be used independently as a biomarker for identifying exposure to Cd, but could be co-analyzed with tissue metal levels to give better prognosis for environmental exposure to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Durkalec
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Rafał Kolenda
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Großenhainer Str. 57, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. C. K. Norwida 31, 51-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Owczarek
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. C. K. Norwida 31, 51-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Józef Szkoda
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Grzegrzółka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Chałubińskiego 6a, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland; Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University of Physical Education, al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Roman Kołacz
- Department of Environment, Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmonskiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Großenhainer Str. 57, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Jan Żmudzki
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Posyniak
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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