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Žaltauskaitė J, Meištininkas R, Dikšaitytė A, Degutytė-Fomins L, Mildažienė V, Naučienė Z, Žūkienė R, Koga K. Heavy fuel oil-contaminated soil remediation by individual and bioaugmentation-assisted phytoremediation with Medicago sativa and with cold plasma-treated M. sativa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:30026-30038. [PMID: 38594559 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Developing an optimal environmentally friendly bioremediation strategy for petroleum products is of high interest. This study investigated heavy fuel oil (HFO)-contaminated soil (4 and 6 g kg-1) remediation by individual and combined bioaugmentation-assisted phytoremediation with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and with cold plasma (CP)-treated M. sativa. After 14 weeks of remediation, HFO removal efficiency was in the range between 61 and 80% depending on HFO concentration and remediation technique. Natural attenuation had the lowest HFO removal rate. As demonstrated by growth rate and biomass acquisition, M. sativa showed good tolerance to HFO contamination. Cultivation of M. sativa enhanced HFO degradation and soil quality improvement. Bioaugmentation-assisted phytoremediation was up to 18% more efficient in HFO removal through alleviated HFO stress to plants, stimulated plant growth, and biomass acquisition. Cold plasma seed treatment enhanced HFO removal by M. sativa at low HFO contamination and in combination with bioaugmentation it resulted in up to 14% better HFO removal compared to remediation with CP non-treated and non-bioaugmented M. sativa. Our results show that the combination of different remediation techniques is an effective soil rehabilitation strategy to remove HFO and improve soil quality. CP plant seed treatment could be a promising option in soil clean-up and valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jūratė Žaltauskaitė
- Laboratory of Heat Equipment Research and Testing, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, Akademija, Kaunas District, Lithuania.
| | - Rimas Meištininkas
- Laboratory of Heat Equipment Research and Testing, Lithuanian Energy Institute, Breslaujos 3, 44404, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Austra Dikšaitytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, Akademija, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Laima Degutytė-Fomins
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, Akademija, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Vida Mildažienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, Akademija, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Zita Naučienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, Akademija, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Žūkienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10, Akademija, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Kazunori Koga
- Center of Plasma Nano-Interface Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Yuan L, Wu Y, Fan Q, Li P, Liang J, Liu Y, Ma R, Li R, Shi L. Remediating petroleum hydrocarbons in highly saline-alkali soils using three native plant species. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117928. [PMID: 37060692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) contamination is a process that uses the synergistic action of plants and rhizosphere microorganisms to degrade, absorb and stabilize pollutants in the soil, and has received increasing attention in recent years. However, this technology still has some challenges under certain conditions (e.g., highly alkaline and saline environments). The present study was selected three native plant species (alfalfa, tall fescue, and ryegrass) to remediate petroleum pollutants in greenhouse pot experiments. The results indicate that TPH contamination not only inhibited plant growth, soil chemical properties and soil fertility (i.e. lower plant biomass, chlorophyll, pH, and electrical conductivity), but also increased the malondialdehyde, glutathione, and antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase and polyphenol oxidase). Further, correlation analysis results illustrated that TPH removal was strongly positively correlated with chlorophyll, soil fertility, and total organic carbon, but was negatively correlated with dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase, pH, and electrical conductivity. The highest TPHs removal rate (74.13%) was exhibited by alfalfa, followed by tall fescue (61.79%) and ryegrass (57.28%). The degradation rates of short-chain alkanes and low rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were substantially higher than those of long-chain alkanes and high rings PAHs. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into petroleum decontamination strategies in the highly saline - alkali environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmiao Yuan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingqin Wu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Qiaohui Fan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jianjun Liang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruijie Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Leiping Shi
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Shi Y, Xue H, Li J, Yao Y, Liu R, Niu Q. Response of methanogenic system to long-term polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure: Adsorption and biodegradation, performance variation, and microbial function assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117010. [PMID: 36603323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE) as a typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is prevalent and harmful to organisms in petroleum-polluted sites. The effects of PHE concentration levels on performance, microbial community and functions in methanogenic system were comprehensively investigated by an operation of UASB reactor (198 days) and a series of batch tests. The results found that PHE was prone to accumulate in reactor by sludge adsorption (Final concentration = 12.53 mg/g TS Sludge), which posed significant influences on methanogenic system. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in reactor were reduced with PHE accumulation. Meanwhile, microbes with higher ATPase secrete more EPS activity to self-protect against PHE toxicity. Sequencing analysis showed that PHE interfered significantly diversity and structure of microbial community. For bacteria, PHE was toxic to Bacteroidetes and Latescibacteria, while syntrophs (f_Syntrophaceae, Syntrophorhabdus, etc.) involved in VFAs oxidation and aromatic organics degradation were tolerant of PHE stress. For archaea, acetoclastic methanogens (Methanosaeta) abundance was continuously diminished by 45.1% under long-term PHE exposure. Further functions analysis suggested that microbial community accelerated amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism and xenobiotics biodegradation & metabolism to satisfy physiological demanding under PHE stress. Combining batch tests of methanogenic metabolism proved that acetoclastic methanogenesis was negatively affected by PHE due to inhibition of functional enzymes (acetate kinase, phosphate acetyltransferase, etc.) expression. These findings may provide the basis for enhancing bioremediation of PAH pollution in anaerobic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsen Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Hanhan Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Yilin Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China
| | - Qigui Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72#Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China.
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Zawierucha I, Malina G, Herman B, Rychter P, Biczak R, Pawlowska B, Bandurska K, Barczynska R. Ecotoxicity and bioremediation potential assessment of soil from oil refinery station area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:337-346. [PMID: 35669837 PMCID: PMC9163242 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity and biodegradation potential of oil hydrocarbons contaminated soil samples obtained from different depths at an oil refinery station area. An approach involving chemical, microbiological, respirometry and ecotoxicity assessment of soil polluted by oil hydrocarbons was adopted, in order to determine the biodegradability of pollutants and ecotoxicological effects of natural attenuation strategy. METHODS The ecotoxicity of soil samples was evaluated using an ostracod test kit and a seed germination test. The results of the phytotoxicity assay were expressed as a percentage of seedling emergence and as the relative yield of fresh and dry biomass compared to control plants. The intrinsic biodegradation potential of the contaminated soil was examined using a Micro-Oxymax respirometer. Intrinsic biodegradation rates were estimated from the slopes of linear regressions curves plotted for cumulative O2 uptake. The obtained values were then entered in the mass balance equation for the stoichiometric reaction of hydrocarbon decomposition and converted per kg of soil per day. RESULTS Although the tested contaminants were biodegradable in the respirometric assay, they were slightly to moderately toxic to plants and extremely toxic to ostracods. The noxious effects raised with the increased concentration of contaminants. The monocotyledonous oat was more tolerant to higher concentrations of oil hydrocarbons than the other test plants, indicating its greater suitability for soil reclamation purposes. CONCLUSION By assessing phytotoxicity and effect on ostracod mortality and progress of soil self-decontamination process, proper approach of reclamation of demoted area can be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Zawierucha
- Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Faculty of Science & Technology, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Malina
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Barbara Herman
- Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Faculty of Science & Technology, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Piotr Rychter
- Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Faculty of Science & Technology, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Robert Biczak
- Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Faculty of Science & Technology, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Barbara Pawlowska
- Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Faculty of Science & Technology, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bandurska
- Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Faculty of Science & Technology, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Renata Barczynska
- Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Faculty of Science & Technology, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200, Czestochowa, Poland
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Yuan L, Guo P, Guo S, Wang J, Huang Y. Influence of C14 alkane stress on antioxidant defense capacity, mineral nutrient element accumulation, and cadmium uptake of ryegrass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:13857-13868. [PMID: 34595720 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16806-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the influence of C14 alkane on physiological stress responses, mineral nutrient elements uptake, cadmium (Cd) transfer, and uptake characteristics of Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass), a series of pot trials were conducted which included a moderate level of Cd (2.182 mg·kg-1) without (control) and with five levels of C14 alkane (V/m, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%). Biomass and Cd content in the root and shoot, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzymes activity, and mineral nutrient elements in the shoot of ryegrass were determined at the end of the experiment. The results indicated that Cd uptake significantly elevated at 0.1% C14 alkane treatment, then gradually decreased with the increase of C14 alkane concentration. Compared with the control, chlorophyll content was significantly suppressed and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration obviously increased. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity significantly increased to prevent the C14 alkane stress. With the increase of C14 alkane, the Mn concentration gradually increased; Mg and Fe significantly decreased. Correlation analysis showed that Mn was positively correlated with SOD (with the exception of 2% treatment) and CAT (p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with Cd uptake (p < 0.01). It implied that the increase of Mn induced by C14 alkane stress was an important reason for the decrease of Cd uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-Physicochemical Synergistic Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | | | - Shuhai Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China.
- Institute of Applied Ecology, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-Physicochemical Synergistic Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jianing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
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Hussain F, Khan AHA, Hussain I, Farooqi A, Muhammad YS, Iqbal M, Arslan M, Yousaf S. Soil conditioners improve rhizodegradation of aged petroleum hydrocarbons and enhance the growth of Lolium multiflorum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:9097-9109. [PMID: 34495472 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation and phytoremediation have demonstrated potential for decontamination of petroleum hydrocarbon-impacted soils. The total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) are known to induce phytotoxicity, reduce water retention in soil, associate hydrophobic nature and contaminants' in situ heterogeneous distribution, limit soil nutrient release and reduce soil aeration and compaction. The ageing of TPHs in contaminated soils further hinders the degradation process. Soil amendments can promote plant growth and enhance the TPH removal from contaminated aged soil. In the present experiment, remediation of TPH-contaminated aged soil was performed by Italian ryegrass, with compost (COM, 5%), biochar (BC, 5%) and immobilized microorganisms' technique (IMT). Results revealed that significantly highest hydrocarbon removal (40%) was noted in mixed amendments (MAA) which contained BC + COM + IMT, followed by COM (36%), compared to vegetative control and other treatments. The higher TPH removal in aged soil corresponds with the stimulated rhizospheric effects, as evidenced by higher root biomass (85-159% increase), and bacterial count compared to NA control. Phyto-stimulants actions of biochar and IMT improved seed germination of Italian ryegrass. The compost co-amendment with other treatments showed improvement in plant physiological status. These results suggested that plant growth and TPH removal from aged, contaminated soils using BC, COM and IMT can improve bioremediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fida Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Gangwon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Aqib Hassan Ali Khan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Bahria University (Karachi Campus), Karachi, 75260, Pakistan
| | - Imran Hussain
- Environmental Sustainability Section, Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Asifa Farooqi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Shad Muhammad
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sohail Yousaf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Fei JJ, Wan YY, He XY, Zhang ZH, Ying YX. Unitary and binary remediations by plant and microorganism on refining oil-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41253-41264. [PMID: 32677018 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Refining oil contaminants are complex and cause serious harm to the environment. Remediation of refining oil-contaminated soil is challenging but has significant impact in China. Two plant species Agropyron fragile (Roth) P. Candargy and Avena sativa L. and one bacterium Bacillus tequilensis ZJ01 were used to investigate their efficiency in remediating the refining oil-polluted soil sampled from an oil field in northern China. The simulated experiments of remediations by A. fragile or A. sativa alone and A. fragile or A. sativa combined with B. tequilensis ZJ01 for 39 days and by B. tequilensis ZJ01 alone for 7 days were performed in the laboratory, with B. tequilensis ZJ01 added before or after the germination of seeds. Seed germination rates and morphological characteristics of the plants, along with the varieties of oil hydrocarbons in the soil, were recorded to reflect the remediation efficiency. The results showed that the contamination was weakened in all experimental groups. A. sativa was more sensitive to the pollutants than A. fragile, and A. fragile was much more resistant to the oil hydrocarbons, especially to aromatic hydrocarbons. Adding B. tequilensis ZJ01 before the germination of seeds could restrain the plant growth while adding after the germination of A. fragile seeds notably improved the remediation efficiency. The degradation rate of oil hydrocarbons by B. tequilensis ZJ01 alone was also considerable. Together, our results suggest that the unitary remediation by B. tequilensis ZJ01 and the binary remediation by A. fragile combined with B. tequilensis ZJ01 added after the germination of seeds are recommended for future in situ remediations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Research Centre for Geomicrobial Resources and Application, Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Science and Technology, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Yun Yang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Research Centre for Geomicrobial Resources and Application, Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Science and Technology, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Xin Yue He
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Research Centre for Geomicrobial Resources and Application, Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Science and Technology, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Zhi Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Research Centre for Geomicrobial Resources and Application, Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Science and Technology, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China.
| | - Yu Xi Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Research Centre for Geomicrobial Resources and Application, Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Science and Technology, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
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Polyak Y, Bakina L, Mayachkina N, Polyak M. The possible role of toxigenic fungi in ecotoxicity of two contrasting oil-contaminated soils - A field study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110959. [PMID: 32800231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-term field experiments were performed to evaluate the phytotoxic properties of fungal metabolites in oil-contaminated soil and to assess the impact of contamination on the allelopathic activity of soil mycobiota. Two contrasting soils of Northwest Russia (sandy and loamy podzols) exposed to oil contamination underwent changes in abundance and allelopathic activities of soil fungi. Shifts within the microbial community caused by oil contamination affected not only oil-decomposition rates but also ecotoxicity of contaminated soil. There were significant differences in soil toxicity dynamics between sandy and loamy podzols. Four years after contamination, ecotoxicity of loamy podzol decreased, whereas sandy podzol remained highly toxic even nine years after contamination. The abundance and allelopathic activity of fungi is correlated with hydrocarbon degradation dynamics. The soil fungal community demonstrated high allelopathic activity which decreased over time in fertile loamy podzolic soil, whereas in poor sandy podzolic soil it remained high over the nine-year monitoring period. The results illustrate how oil contamination may influence allelopathic interactions in soil and demonstrate the advantage of using fungal metabolite toxicity test for testing of oil-contaminated soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Polyak
- Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety RAS, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila Bakina
- Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety RAS, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Natalya Mayachkina
- Institution of Russian Academy of Sciences Saint-Petersburg Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety RAS, Saint-Petersburg, 197110, Russia
| | - Mark Polyak
- St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Saint-Petersburg, 190000, Russia
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Nero BF. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils with two plant species: Jatropha curcas and Vetiveria zizanioides at Ghana Manganese Company Ltd. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 23:171-180. [PMID: 32805144 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1803204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of Jatropha curcas (JC) and Vetiveria zizanioides (VZ) on hydrocarbon concentration levels in mine spoils. A 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design with 3 replications was adopted. With compost amendments, JC caused 78.8 and 82.2% and VZ caused 51.1 and 39.7% decline in soil TPH and TOG concentrations, respectively after 16 weeks. Compost amendments significantly reduced TOG and TPH concentrations compared to the other treatments in both JC and VZ (p < 0.0001). However, the effect of species on TOG and TPH concentrations were marginally significant (p = 0.081 and p < 0.006, respectively). Growth in height, collar diameter and number of leaves in JC were significantly higher in the compost amendment compared to the fertilizer and control treatments (p < 0.0001). Number of leaves (p = 0.009) and collar diameter growth (p = 0.010) were significantly lower in contaminated soils compared to non-contaminated soils. Furthermore, only the number of tillers in Vetiver was significantly influenced by the soil amendments (p = 0.003) and the soil hydrocarbon levels (p = 0.048). It is concluded that phytoremediation particularly with JC is an alternate means to reducing soil hydrocarbon concentration levels. However, soils must be amended with compost for effective remediation and rapid, vigorous, early growth of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Festus Nero
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Ge M, Liu G, Liu H, Liu Y. Levels of metals in fish tissues of Liza haematocheila and Lateolabrax japonicus from the Yellow River Delta of China and risk assessment for consumers. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111286. [PMID: 32658666 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Delta (YRD) is an important spawning and nursery area for numerous fishes. The concentrations of Fe, Al, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, Pb and Cd in muscle, liver, gills and skin of two broadly distributed commercial fish in the YRD were analyzed. The results demonstrated that liver and gills displayed higher accumulation ability of metals than other tissues, while muscle always accumulated the lowest concentrations of metals. Generally, significant opposite relationships (p < 0.05) were observed between fish size and metals in fish tissues especially in muscles of both fish species which may be explained by the lower feeding rate, stronger detoxification and elimination mechanisms in the bigger individuals. All metals in muscles were well below the proposed toxic limit. Besides, the toxic effects were not expected to occur for the consumption of muscles of studied fish according to the results of human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710075, China.
| | - Houqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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11
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Ge M, Liu G, Liu H, Yuan Z, Liu Y. The distributions, contamination status, and health risk assessments of mercury and arsenic in the soils from the Yellow River Delta of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35094-35106. [PMID: 31679141 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The surface soils were collected from four areas in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), including three functional areas in the natural reserve of the YRD (the core area, buffer area, and experimental area) and a neighboring area of the natural reserve. The total concentrations, speciations, contamination status, and health risk assessments of the mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in surface soils of the YRD were investigated. The average Hg concentration was about three times that of the background value, while As was just slightly higher than the background. Hg levels in the sites of experimental area were significantly higher than those in the core area and buffer area, which was consistent with the human activity intensities of the three functional areas. However, no significant differences of As levels were observed across different areas. According to the sequential extraction experiments, only less than 5% of Hg and As were associated with the exchangeable fraction, while over 80% of them were found in the residual fraction, indicating low mobility and bioavailability of both Hg and As. The soil contamination status assessments suggested a "good state," and the health risk assessments indicated a "low risk" of Hg and As in the soils of YRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China
- University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, University of Science and Technology of China-City, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Houqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zijiao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, Shaanxi, China
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Khoshkholgh Sima NA, Ebadi A, Reiahisamani N, Rasekh B. Bio-based remediation of petroleum-contaminated saline soils: Challenges, the current state-of-the-art and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109476. [PMID: 31476519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exploiting synergism between plants and microbes offers a potential means of remediating soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). Salinity alters the physicochemical characteristics of soils and suppresses the growth of both plants and soil microbes, so the bioremediation of saline soils requires the use of plants and in microbes which can tolerate salinity. This review focuses on the management of PHC-contaminated saline soils, surveying what is currently known with respect to the potential of halophytes (plants adapted to saline environments) acting in concert with synergistic microbes to degrade PHCs. The priority is to identify optimal combinations of halophyte(s) and the bacteria present as endophytes and/or associated with the rhizosphere, and to determine what are the factors which most strongly affect their viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayer Azam Khoshkholgh Sima
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Ali Ebadi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Narges Reiahisamani
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Behnam Rasekh
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Research Group, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran.
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Li R, Ren J, Xu Y, Zhang G, Wang D, Wu Z, Cai D. Hydrophobic nano sponge for efficient removal of diesel fuel from water and soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1124-1136. [PMID: 31726543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diesel fuel (DF)-contamination remediation has aroused increasing concern in environmental field. In our work, nano sponge was modified by silylation of amino silicon oil (ASO) and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to obtain hydrophobic nano sponge (SPAA). SPAA possessed a micro/nano network structure and could efficiently adsorb DF through hydrophobic polysiloxane group. The results revealed that SPAA could effectively remove DF and control its migration in water and soil under various conditions. Importantly, SPAA could inhibit the harmful effect of DF on the growth of plants, earthworms, and fish. Therefore, this work provides a promising and low-cost approach for removal of DF from water and soil, which might have a potential application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Ren
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Xu
- Chongqing Municipal & Environmental Sanitation Monitoring Department, Chongqing 401121, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China.
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Xu X, Liu W, Wang W, Tian S, Jiang P, Qi Q, Li F, Li H, Wang Q, Li H, Yu H. Potential biodegradation of phenanthrene by isolated halotolerant bacterial strains from petroleum oil polluted soil in Yellow River Delta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:1030-1038. [PMID: 30901777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River Delta (YRD), being close to Shengli Oilfield, is at high risk for petroleum oil pollution. The aim of this study was to isolate halotolerant phenanthrene (PHE) degrading bacteria for dealing with this contaminates in salinity environment. Two bacterial strains assigned as FM6-1 and FM8-1 were successfully screened from oil contaminated soil in the YRD. Morphological and molecular analysis suggested that strains FM6-1 and FM8-1 were belonging to Delftia sp. and Achromobacter sp., respectively. Bacterial growth of both strains was not dependent on NaCl, however, grew well under extensive NaCl concentration. The optimum NaCl concentration for bacterial production of strain FM8-1 was 4% (m/v), whereas for strain FM6-1, growth was not affected within 2.5% NaCl. Both strains could use the tested aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (C12, C16, C20 and C32) as sole carbon source. The optimized biodegradation conditions for strain FM6-1 were pH 7, 28 °C and 2% NaCl, for strain FM8-1 were pH 8, 28 °C and 2.5% NaCl. The highest biodegradation rate of strains FM6-1 and FM8-1 was found at 150 mg/L PHE and 200 mg/L, respectively. In addition, strainsFM8-1 showed a superior biodegradation ability to strain FM6-1 at each optimized condition. The PHE biodegradation process by both strains well fitted to first-order kinetic models and the k1 values were calculated to be 0.1974 and 0.1070 per day. Strain FM6-1 metabolized PHE via a "phthalic acid" route, while strain FM8-1 metabolized PHE through the "naphthalene" route. This project not only obtained two halotolerant petroleum hydrocarbon degraders but also provided a promising remediation approach for solving oil pollutants in salinity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Hinggan League Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, China.
| | - Wenming Liu
- Hinggan League Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hinggan League Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, China
| | - Shuhua Tian
- Hinggan League Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Hinggan League Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, China
| | - Qige Qi
- Hinggan League Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, China
| | - Fengjiao Li
- Hinggan League Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia 137400, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Quanying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Huai Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hongwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
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González-Moscoso M, Rivera-Cruz MDC, Trujillo-Narcía A. Decontamination of soil containing oil by natural attenuation, phytoremediation and chemical desorption. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:768-776. [PMID: 31007033 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1566879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was performed for 240 days to evaluate the oil removal through natural attenuation (NA) and phytoremediation (PH) combined with surfactant (SF), in soil up to 76,585 mg kg-1 of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). A completely randomized design was applied using a 4 × 6 factorial arrangement, with four concentrations of oil and six recovery technologies. The technologies were combinations of Leersia hexandra (Lh) grass, NA (native microorganisms), and doses of Tween® 80. The results recorded treatment means with statistical differences (Tukey, p ≤ 0.05 and 0.01). Oil in presence of 5% SF stimulated the formation of grass roots. The SF promoted a significant increase in the biomass of grass stems and leaves but did not contribute to oil removal or microbial density. Unexpectedly, the PH inhibited the removal of oil and induced a decrease in fungi, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, and heterotrophic fungi. NA combined with 2.5% SF removed 95% of 48,748 mg of TPH. The best technology for soil decontamination was bioremediation through hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria stimulated with 2.5% SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magín González-Moscoso
- a Colegio de Postgraduados, Periférico Carlos A. Molina s/n , Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental , H. Cárdenas , Mexico
| | - María Del Carmen Rivera-Cruz
- a Colegio de Postgraduados, Periférico Carlos A. Molina s/n , Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental , H. Cárdenas , Mexico
| | - Antonio Trujillo-Narcía
- b Cuerpo Académico Energía y Medioambiente, Programa Educativo QFB , Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa , H. Cárdenas , Mexico
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Xie W, Li R, Li X, Liu P, Yang H, Wu T, Zhang Y. Different responses to soil petroleum contamination in monocultured and mixed plant systems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:763-768. [PMID: 29957584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of plant composition should be considered during ecological risk assessment of soil petroleum contamination. To evaluate the influences of plant composition on phytotoxicity, petroleum degraders, and petroleum degradation, four treatments were arranged in the present study: unplanted, bristle grass only, alfalfa only, and bristle grass and alfalfa mixed planted in uncontaminated soil or petroleum contaminated soil (w/w, 1.0%). Petroleum contamination inhibited the growth of bristle grass and alfalfa significantly, and alfalfa growth inhibition was significantly alleviated when mixed planted with bristle grass (p < 0.05). MPN analysis indicated that the mixed plant treatment can gather the benefits of two species, and facilitate the development of alkane, total hydrocarbon and PAH degraders in contaminated soil, but not occur in uncontaminated soil. Compared with alfalfa only treatment, the degradation rates for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and aliphatic fraction were significantly increased in the mixed plant treatment (p < 0.05). However, the degradation of aromatic petroleum fraction was not received substantial improvement in the mixed plant treatment, despite containing an abundant PAH degraders. Overall, mixed plant cultivation had the significant influences on plant growth, microbial community and petroleum degradation in contaminated soils. The study provides valuable insights for vegetation restoration and remediation systems in petroleum contaminated sites of study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xie
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, China; Institute of Restoration Ecology, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Li
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
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