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Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Butt MS, Javed K, Tariq U. Co-supplementation of Zinc and Calcium Suppresses Bio-absorption of Lead in Sprague Dawley Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1317-1326. [PMID: 35399139 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a widespread environmental toxicant and its toxicity causes huge health impacts. The present study was conducted to examine the protective role of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) supplements against bio-absorption of Pb in blood and organs including the liver and kidney. Hence, Sprague Dawley rats were divided in to five groups. G1 served as negative control and was provided with standard diet, G2 as positive control receiving standard diet + PbAc (20 mg/kg BW), G3 was provided with standard diet + PbAc (20 mg/kg BW) + ZnSO4 (20 mg/kg BW), G4 with standard diet + PbAc (20 mg/kg BW) + CaCO3 (7.5 g/kg BW) whereas G5 was fed on standard diet + PbAc (20 mg/kg BW) + ZnSO4 (20 mg/kg BW) + CaCO3 (7.5 g/kg BW). The salts were provided as solution, dissolved in 0.5 mL distilled water via orogastric tube. After 35 days, the overnight fasted rats were decapitated, and blood and organs were collected for analysis of levels of metals and liver and kidney function tests. The results depicted significant decrease in Pb concentration in blood and organs while increase in Zn and Ca absorption was observed as a result of Zn and Ca supplementation with Zn being better than Ca alone, specially however, combined effect of these supplements was more profound in improving liver and kidney stress biomarkers and maintained the normal architecture of renal and hepatic parenchyma. It was concluded that Zn and Ca co-supplementation hinder Pb absorption in blood, the liver, and kidney thus suggesting that their intake may protect from Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Komal Javed
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Urwa Tariq
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Meng S, Peng T, Pratush A, Huang T, Hu Z. Interactions between heavy metals and bacteria in mangroves. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112846. [PMID: 34399277 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental heavy metal pollution has become a serious problem in recent years. Therefore, our study investigated seven heavy metal-contaminated mangroves (Beihai, Fangchenggang, Hainan, Hongkong, Shenzhen, Yunxiao, and Zhanjiang) in southern China, and found that they were particularly polluted with Zn and Pb. These heavy metals were mainly distributed in the surface sediments of the mangroves. Among these seven mangroves, the Shenzhen mangrove was the most polluted site, whereas the Beihai mangrove was the least polluted. Moreover, the bacterial communities in the mangroves were significantly associated with heavy metal contamination. For instance, Fusibacter was significantly correlated with Pb, Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd, and Ag (P < 0.05, R = -0.47). Syntrophorhabdus was also significantly correlated with heavy metals (P < 0.05, R = 0.63). Furthermore, Geo-Chip analyses were conducted to demonstrate the involvement of many functional genes in heavy metal transport, particularly Ni transport. Our results also demonstrated that the heavy metals could be transported by various bacteria. For example, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia were involved in various heavy metal transportation mechanisms, particularly for Ni and Zn, suggesting that these bacteria could be used for heavy metal remediation. Therefore, our study provides insights into the interactions between bacterial communities and heavy metals, which could enable the development of novel mangrove protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Meng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China.
| | - Amit Pratush
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Tongwang Huang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangdong 511458, PR China.
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Wani AL, Hammad Ahmad Shadab GG, Afzal M. Lead and zinc interactions - An influence of zinc over lead related toxic manifestations. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126702. [PMID: 33285442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interaction between metals is known from earlier studies, in which one metal influences the absorption and functional role of other. Lead is known to cause debilitating effects in living organisms and also prevents several essential trace metals from functioning normally. METHODS The relevant literature using the key words lead toxicity, lead zinc interaction, zinc nutrition and the ability of zinc to act against lead has been reviewed. RESULTS Role of several nutrients in reducing the manifestations of toxic metals have been elucidated recently. Lead damages bio-membranes, causes cognitive disabilities and disturbs the normal process of DNA replication and transcription. Zinc on the other hand helps in proper maintenance of the cellular membranes and plays an important role as a metal cofactor in most of the proteins vital for membrane integrity. Zinc has essential role in cognitive functioning, zinc finger proteins and significantly neutralizes most toxic effects of lead. CONCLUSION Increased lead exposure and limited resources for tackling lead poisoning may cause an increased possibility of future environmental emergencies. Interactions between essential nutrient metals and non-essential toxic metals may act as important factor which can be used to target the metal toxicities. An assumption is made that the lead toxicity can be reduced by maintaining the status of essential trace metals like zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab Latif Wani
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - G G Hammad Ahmad Shadab
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ugwuja EI, Vincent N, Ikaraoha IC, Ohayi SR. Zinc ameliorates lead toxicity by reducing body Pb burden and restoring Pb-induced haematological and biochemical derangements. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320956562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Studies on nutritional factors, including zinc in ameliorating the deleterious effects of potentially toxic elements have been scarce and the findings have been inconsistent.Aim:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ameliorative potential of zinc against lead-induced toxicity in rats.Materials and methods:Male albino rats (n = 24) assigned into four groups of six/group: normal control (NC), zinc control (ZnC; 20 mg/kg ZnCl2), lead control (PbC; 50 mg/kg PbCl2) and lead plus zinc (Pb + Zn; 50 mg/kg PbCl2plus 20 mg/kg ZnCl2), respectively were investigated. All administrations were through oral route and lasted for 42 days after which blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analyses using standard techniques.Results:Results showed that packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (HBC), red blood cell count (RBC) were significant (p < 0.05) reduced while total white blood cell count (TWBC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelets were significantly elevated in PbC group in comparison with NC and ZnC. Also liver and renal function parameters as well as the liver and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) were elevated while antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in PbC group in comparison with NC and ZnC. Concentrations of lead were in the order: blood > liver > kidney in the PbC group. In addition to restoration of the altered parameters, administration of zinc in Pb + Zn group significantly reduced the raised lead concentrations in the plasma and organs.Conclusion:Reduction in body Pb burden and restoration of Pb-induced derangements in haematological and biochemical parameters by Zn strongly support the ameliorative property of Zn against Pb-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ike Ugwuja
- Nutrition and Toxicology Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
- Nutrition and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Nweze Vincent
- Nutrition and Toxicology Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ikechukwu C Ikaraoha
- Chemical Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria
| | - Samuel R Ohayi
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
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Wani AL, Ansari MO, Ahmad MF, Parveen N, Siddique HR, Shadab GGHA. Influence of zinc levels on the toxic manifestations of lead exposure among the occupationally exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33541-33554. [PMID: 31583521 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead and zinc are usually found at the same occupational places and occur as co-contaminants. Effects of lead toxicity are detrimental on human health as it is probable carcinogen and impairs normal growth and development. On the other hand, zinc is an important nutritional element, the deficiency of which causes debilitating effects on growth and development. The purpose of this study was to examine the possible association of blood lead and zinc levels and any influence of zinc over DNA damage, blood cell membrane aberration and oxidative stress among lead and zinc co-exposed workers. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used for lead and zinc measurement and comet assay for DNA damage assessment. Haematological aberrations were studied using light and electron microscopy (LM and EM) followed by electron density X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and elemental mapping. Occupational exposure was observed to cause significant elevation in blood lead levels among workers. This elevation in lead levels and associated DNA damage among workers was significantly high in comparison to controls. Further light and electron micrographs of red blood cells revealed significant morphological alterations associated with increased lead ions in workers. It was clear from SEM-based elemental maps and EDS graphs that elevated lead levels were associated with low levels of zinc. The results suggest that lead absorption is highly influenced due to zinc levels in body which has an impact over DNA damage, blood cell aberration and oxidative stress caused by lead exposure. Efforts are going on to understand the role of other trace metals on lead toxicity in order to develop a sustainably nutrition-based therapeutic intervention. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ab Latif Wani
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Mohd Owais Ansari
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Md Fahim Ahmad
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Nuzhat Parveen
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - G G Hammad Ahmad Shadab
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
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Cao AL, Beaver LM, Wong CP, Hudson LG, Ho E. Zinc deficiency alters the susceptibility of pancreatic beta cells (INS-1) to arsenic exposure. Biometals 2019; 32:845-859. [PMID: 31542844 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cells produce and release insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels, and their dysfunction contributes to the development of diabetes mellitus. Zinc deficiency and inorganic arsenic exposure both independently associate with the development of diabetes, although the effects of their combination on pancreatic beta cell health and function remain unknown. We hypothesized zinc deficiency increases the toxicity associated with arsenic exposure, causing an increased susceptibility to DNA damage and disruption of insulin production. Zinc deficiency decreased cell proliferation by 30% in pancreatic INS-1 rat insulinoma cells. Arsenic exposure (0, 50 or 500 ppb exposures) significantly decreased cell proliferation, and increased mRNA levels of genes involved in stress response (Mt1, Mt2, Hmox1) and DNA damage (p53, Ogg1). When co-exposed to both zinc deficiency and arsenic, zinc deficiency attenuated this response to arsenic, decreasing the expression of Mt1, Hmox1, and Ogg1, and significantly increasing DNA double-strand breaks 2.9-fold. Arsenic exposure decreased insulin expression, but co-exposure did not decrease insulin levels beyond the arsenic alone condition, but did result in a further 33% decline in cell proliferation at the 500 ppb arsenic dose, and a significant increase in beta cell apoptosis. These results suggest zinc deficiency and arsenic, both independently and in combination, adversely affect pancreatic beta cell health and both factors should be considered in the evaluation of health outcomes for susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie L Cao
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA. .,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA. .,Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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