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Chen X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y. Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the extracellular and intracellular dissolved organic matter released by Skeletonema costatum using a novel in situ method. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124604. [PMID: 39053803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) affect the physicochemical algal-dissolved organic matter properties, indirectly influencing the environmental behavior of contaminants including persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals. Limited research is available on the roles played by intracellular- and extracellular-dissolved organic matter (I-DOM and E-DOM) in the processes that affect the environmental behavior of contaminants. Furthermore, the effects of MPs on the production of I-DOM and E-DOM, as well as their environmental behaviors, remain uncertain. A critical issue lies in the challenge of quantitatively identifying I-DOM and E-DOM in situ. In this work, a new fluorescence ratio method was developed and applied to in situ examine the impacts of polystyrene (PS) MPs (50, 500 nm, and 5 μm) on the I-DOM and E-DOM released by Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum). The experimental results indicated that the detection limits were 0.06 mg L-1, with the respective minimum detectable proportions being 2% for both E-DOM and I-DOM. The suppressive effects of 10-50 mg L-1 of 50 and 500 nm PS MPs on the cell proliferation of S. costatum and the E-DOM secretion were most pronounced on day 6. And the rates of suppression of E-DOM secretion were 10.1%-18.2% and 4.2%-13.9%, respectively. The exposure of algal cells to 50 mg L-1 of 50 and 500 nm PS MPs led to cell rupture and the leakage of I-DOM on day 6. This suggests that the developed method in the laboratory could offer a promising approach for studying the generation of E-DOM and I-DOM in situ, as well as their environmental behaviors affected by MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yaxian Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science of China (Xiamen University), College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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2
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Ahmad W, Kaur N, Parashar A. Algal organic matter induced photodegradation of tinidazole. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:607-618. [PMID: 38039281 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2289466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic pollution has become one of the most emerging problems of the modern era. Tinidazole (TDZ) is one the most important nitroimidazole derivative drugs whose use has tremendously increased in the last few years. The proposed research work provides a good alternative cost-effective method for wastewater treatment. In the present investigation, algae were used as a photosensitizer in the treatment of the wastewater that was contaminated with antibiotic residue. The proposed research also provides the probable mechanism involved in the photodegradation of tinidazole. The different factors like concentration and pH of the test solution which play a key role in the photodegradation of drug molecules are also discussed in the present investigation. The result of this study established that the maximum degradation of drug molecules was observed at the algal concentration of 1.6 × 108 Cell/L and approximately 58% of drug molecules were degraded. This study also established that in an acidic medium ie at pH 5 the degradation occurs more efficiently. Results of the current study indicated that the use of algae-induced photodegradation of drug residue became one of the most promising routes for wastewater treatment. The results of the present study provide a new way to treat wastewater contaminated with antibiotics residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nikky Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Parashar
- Department of Chemistry, GL Bajaj Group of Institutions, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Ennaceri H, Mkpuma VO, Moheimani NR. Nano-clay modified membranes: A promising green strategy for microalgal antifouling filtration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166479. [PMID: 37611702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is a major challenge which limits the sustainable application of membrane filtration-based microalgal harvesting at industrial level. Membrane fouling leads to increased operational and maintenance costs and represents a major obstacle to microalgal downstream processing. Nano-clays are promising naturally occurring nanoparticles in membrane fabrication due to their low-cost, facile preparation, and their superior properties in terms of surface hydrophilicity, mechanical stability, and resistance against chemicals. The membrane surface modification using nano-clays is a sustainable promising approach to improve membranes mechanical properties and their fouling resistance. However, the positive effects of nano-clay particles on membrane fouling are often limited by aggregation and poor adhesion to the base polymeric matrix. This review surveys the recent efforts to achieve anti-fouling behavior using membrane surface modification with nano-clay fillers. Further, strategies to achieve a better incorporation of nano-clay in the polymer matrix of the membrane are summarised, and the factors that govern the membrane fouling, stability, adhesion, agglomeration and leaching are discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Ennaceri
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Centre for Water Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia.
| | - Victor Okorie Mkpuma
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Navid Reza Moheimani
- Algae R&D Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia; Centre for Water Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
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4
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Lu K, Gao X, Yang F, Gao H, Yan X, Yu H. Driving mechanism of water replenishment on DOM composition and eutrophic status changes of lake in arid and semi-arid regions of loess area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165609. [PMID: 37474068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Water replenishment can be a key factor in driving lake eutrophication status. In arid and semi-arid regions of China, water replenishment for a lake has been widely carried out for not only improving water environmental quality, but also maintaining ecological system function. However, it is still unclear in terms of mechanism by which water replenishment drives lake eutrophication status. In this study, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) combined with multiple statistical analysis models (including parallel factor analysis, correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, and partial least squares structural equation modeling) was utilized to reveal potential driving mechanism and causality between water replenishment, dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions and eutrophic status of Lake Shahu in China. Based on variations of DOM fractions, fulvic-like substances could be accumulated during the replenishment period, while nutrients carried along the replenishment might conduce to increase microbial activities during the non-replenishment period. This should be contributed to an alteration of prominent component from fulvic-like substances to tyrosine-like substances during the replenishment period to non-replenishment period. According to partial least squares structural equation modeling, two potential indirect paths were finally revealed, i.e., water replenishment derived the eutrophic status of Lake Shahu: water replenishment → microbial activity → algae → eutrophication, and water replenishment → microbial activity → eutrophication. This supposed that the water replenishment should indirectly drive the algae and eutrophication of the lake by promoting the transformation of DOM fractions. In addition, natural conditions could indirectly contribute to the eutrophication of the lake through impacting the algae growth. These findings should be conducive to trace the alteration of DOM fractions in lakes by water replenishment and in recognizing potential driving mechanisms of water replenishment on eutrophication of lakes by changing DOM fractions. This could provide basic theoretical support for policymakers to regulate and treat the eutrophication of lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuotian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Ningxia Environmental Science Research Institute Co., Ltd, Yinchuan 750002, PR China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Hongjie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Xin Yan
- Xiamen Lawlink Development Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361008, PR China
| | - Huibin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
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Liu T, Zhang M, Wen D, Fu Y, Yao J, Shao G, Peng Z. Temporal and spatial variations of disinfection by-products in South Taihu's drinking water, Zhejiang Province, China. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:1503-1517. [PMID: 37902205 PMCID: wh_2023_149 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Some disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water present a potential safety concern. This study focuses on the elements influencing DBPs formation. A total of 120 water samples were collected from 10 different drinking water facilities spanning 5 counties within Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Concentrations of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) were observed to be 14.5 and 27.4 μg/L, respectively, constituting 34 and 64% of the total DBPs. Seasonal fluctuations demonstrated that HAAs, THMs, halonitromethanes (HNMs), and haloacetonitriles (HANs) followed a similar pattern with higher levels in summer or autumn compared to spring. Importantly, the concentrations of HAAs and THMs were markedly higher in Taihu-sourced water compared to other sources. Geographically, Nanxun exhibited the highest levels of total DBPs, HAAs, and THMs, while Deqing and Changxing demonstrated significantly lower levels. Correlation studies between water quality parameters and DBPs revealed that factors such as chloride content, temperature, and residual chlorine positively influenced DBPs formation, whereas turbidity negatively affected it. Principal component analysis suggested similar formation processes for HANs, haloketones (HKs), HNMs, and THMs. Factors such as temperature, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and residual chlorine were identified as significant contributors to the prevalence of HAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China E-mail:
| | - Min Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan Province 410005, China
| | - Dong Wen
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China
| | - Yun Fu
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China
| | - Jianhua Yao
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China
| | - Guojian Shao
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China
| | - Zhang Peng
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province 313000, China
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6
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Ng YS, Ragupathy S, Shau Hwai AT, Khoo KS, Chieh Chan DJ. Evaluation of membrane fouling at elevated temperature impacted by algal organic matter. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136790. [PMID: 36220430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven technology applied in desalination and water reuse with utilisation of sustainable energy. However, algal organic matter (AOM) could foul membrane critically and plague MD's long-term operational stability. In this study, the soluble extracellular polymeric substance (sEPS) and intracellular organic matter with bound extracellular polymeric substance (IOM + bEPS) of two algal species (Amphora coffeaeformis and Navicula incerta) were exposed to 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C for 8 h with polypropylene hydrophobic membrane, simulating heated AOMs contacted with membrane inside MD unit, to study the temperature effect on membrane fouling. The dissolved carbohydrate and protein in the sEPS and IOM + bEPS samples generally increased after being heated. Heating caused cell lysis and the release and dissolution of carbohydrate and protein from sEPS, IOM and bEPS into water. As heating temperature increased, the carbohydrate release from the AOM usually increased. The contact angle of membrane contacted with sEPS and IOM + bEPS reduced significantly after heat treatment. The reduction in IOM + bEPS was larger than sEPS, in line with SEM analysis, indicating membrane surfaces and pores with IOM + bEPS fouled more severely than sEPS. It is due to higher hydrophobicity in IOM + bEPS causing adherence to membrane and presence of amphiphiles. High protein, lipid, and saturated fats proportions also cause severe fouling. SEM-EDX analysis indicated presence of O, Na, Cl and Mg elements, pointing to carbohydrate and lipids, and salt trapped in foulants. AOM heating and composition had direct effect to the membrane integrity, dictating severity of fouling in MD operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Sim Ng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sukdarsanan Ragupathy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aileen Tan Shau Hwai
- Centre for Marine & Coastal Studies (CEMACS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Derek Juinn Chieh Chan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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7
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Mkpuma VO, Moheimani NR, Fischer K, Schulze A, Ennaceri H. Membrane surface zwitterionization for an efficient microalgal harvesting: A review. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Yao J, Zhao M, Song L, Chen X, Zhang Z, Gao N. Characteristics of extracellular organic matters and the formation potential of disinfection by-products during the growth phases of M. aeruginosa and Synedra sp. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14509-14521. [PMID: 34617221 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular organic matter (EOM) is an important precursor of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Nowadays, little is known about changes in molecular weight (MW) and hydrophilic (HPI)/hydrophobic (HPO) fractions of EOM during the entire algal growth phase. In this study, a combined approach of fractionation procedure and parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis was applied to characterize the EOM during the entire growth phase of two algal species (M. aeruginosa and Synedra sp.), and investigated the relationships between fluorescent component and the DBP formation potential (FP) in MW and HPI/HPO fractions. Thereinto, three components (including one protein-like component (C1), one humic-like component (C2), and one fulvic acid-like component (C3)) were identified by the PARAFAC model. For two algae, the HPI and high MW (> 100 kDa) fractions were both the main components of algal EOM in the three growth phases in terms of the dissolved organic carbon. The high MW fraction had more C1 compared with other MW fractions, especially for M. aeruginosa. Besides, the formation risk of EOM-derived DBPs from M. aeruginosa was lower than that from Synedra sp. The result of this study showed the FP of DBPs varied with fluorescent components of algal EOM fractions and also indicated that the humic-like substances were tended to form trichloromethane and the tryptophan-like substances were associated with dichloroacetic acid by canonical correspondence analysis for both two algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40045, China.
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40045, China
| | - Lili Song
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40045, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40045, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40045, China
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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9
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Mkpuma VO, Moheimani NR, Ennaceri H. Microalgal dewatering with focus on filtration and antifouling strategies: A review. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Diatomite Dynamic Membrane Fouling Behaviour during Dewatering of Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Aquaculture Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120945. [PMID: 34940445 PMCID: PMC8706875 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Combined microalgal and membrane filtration could effectively treat aquaculture wastewater; however, the membrane fouling induced by extracellular organic matter (EOM) during the dewatering process is an issue. This study investigated diatomite dynamic membrane (DDM) fouling behaviour during the dewatering of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under the influence of copper ions. The results indicate that copper ion heavy metals in aquaculture wastewater significantly affected purification and algae dewatering by DDM. Aquaculture wastewater with a high copper concentration (1 and 0.5 mg/L) could induce serious DDM fluxes and cake layer filtration resistance (Rc), whereas fewer filtration fluxes were induced when aquaculture wastewater had a low copper concentration, particularly that of 0.1 mg/L, at which the Rc was lowest and the concentration effect was highest. Macromolecular organics of EOM, such as biopolymers, polysaccharides, and proteins, were responsible for DDM fouling and accumulated mostly in the slime layer, whereas only a small amount of them accumulated in the diatomite layer. The DDM rejected more protein-like organics of EOM in the slime layer when dewatering algae at low copper concentrations (<0.1 mg/L); however, when using the DDM to dewater algae at high copper concentrations, more polysaccharides of EOM were rejected (0.5 < Cu2+ < 5 mg/L). This result has significant ramifications for aquaculture wastewater treatment as well as algae separation and concentration by the DDM.
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Ly QV, Nguyen XC, Lê NC, Truong TD, Hoang THT, Park TJ, Maqbool T, Pyo J, Cho KH, Lee KS, Hur J. Application of Machine Learning for eutrophication analysis and algal bloom prediction in an urban river: A 10-year study of the Han River, South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149040. [PMID: 34311376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing release of nutrients to aquatic environments has led to great concern regarding eutrophication and the risk of unwanted algal blooms. Based on observational data of 20 water quality parameters measured on a monthly basis at 40 stations from 2011 to 2020, this study applied different Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to suggest the best option for algal bloom prediction in the Han River, a large river in South Korea. Eight different ML algorithms were categorized into several groups of statistical learning, regression family, and deep learning, and were then compared for their suitability to predict the chlorophyll-derived trophic index (TSI-Chla). ML algorithms helped identify the most important water quality parameters contributing to algal bloom prediction. The ML results confirmed that eutrophication and algal proliferation were governed by the complex interplay between nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), organic contaminants, and environmental factors. Of the models tested, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) exhibited the best performance owing to its consistent and outperforming prediction both quantitatively (i.e., via regression) and qualitatively (i.e., via classification), which was evidenced by the lowest value of mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.09, and the highest F1-score, Recall and Precision of 0.97, 0.98 and 0.96, respectively. In a further step, a representative web application was constructed to assist common users to predict the trophic status of the Han River. This study demonstrated that ML techniques are not only promising for highly accurate water quality modeling of urban rivers, but also reduce time and labor intensity for experiments, which decreases the number of monitored water quality parameters, providing further insights into the driving factors of water quality deterioration. They ultimately help devise proactive strategies for sustainable water management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Viet Ly
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Cuong Nguyen
- Laboratory of Energy and Environmental Science, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc C Lê
- School of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tien-Dung Truong
- School of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thu-Huong T Hoang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - JongCheol Pyo
- Center for Environmental Data Strategy, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong 30147, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Sik Lee
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Yeongudanji-ro 162, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Wang K, Li P, He C, Shi Q, He D. Density currents affect the vertical evolution of dissolved organic matter chemistry in a large tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir during the water-level rising period. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117609. [PMID: 34509866 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs have boomed for clean energy in recent decades and interrupted the natural river ecosystem severely. Riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM), which regulates aquatic food web dynamics, water quality, and carbon storage, has been significantly impacted by reservoir construction. However, the vertical evolution of DOM properties and its controlling mechanisms in large reservoirs with hydrological management are not well investigated, limiting the understanding of carbon cycling (e.g., CO2 emissions and carbon burial) in reservoirs. To fill this knowledge gap, multiple complementary techniques including optical spectroscopy and ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry were applied to track composition and property changes of DOM along the vertical profile in a large deep tributary of the world largest Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) during the water-level rising period. The results indicated that middle and bottom water have relatively more terrestrial input and recalcitrant DOM, while surface water has relatively more autochthonous input and labile DOM. Integrated with the comprehensive analysis of DOM chemistry in a high-resolution vertical profile, the primary production and photodegradation in surface water, the density currents induced water intrusion from mainstream to tributaries, in middle water, and the biodegradation in bottom water are main factors controlling the vertical heterogeneity of reservoir DOM during the water-level rising period. This vertical increase of DOM recalcitrance likely contributes to the enhancement of organic carbon burial in TGR during the water-level rising period. All in all, this study provides new insight into the vertical variations of riverine DOM induced by reservoir construction, and emphasizes the important role of reservoir construction in carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Changping District, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Ding He
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Department of Ocean Science and Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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13
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UF fouling behavior of allelopathy of extracellular organic matter produced by mixed algae co-cultures. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Wu PH, Yeh HY, Chou PH, Hsiao WW, Yu CP. Algal extracellular organic matter mediated photocatalytic degradation of estrogens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111818. [PMID: 33360284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are among the most concerned emerging contaminants in the wastewater treatment effluent due to their sexual disruption in aquatic wildlife. The use of microalgae for secondary wastewater effluent polishing is a promising approach due to the economic benefit and value-added products. In this study, three microalgae species, including Selenastrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris were selected to conduct batch experiments to examine important mechanisms, especially the role of algal extracellular organic matter (AEOM) on two selected estrogens (17β-estradiol, E2 and 17α-ethynylestradiol, EE2) removal. Results showed that estrogens could not be significantly degraded under visible light irradiation and adsorption of estrogens by microalgae was negligible. All three living microalgae cultures have ability to remove E2 and EE2, and Selenastrum capricornutum showed the highest E2 and EE2 removal efficiency of 91% and 83%, respectively, corresponding to the reduction of predicted estrogenic activity of 86%. AEOM from three microalgae cultures could induce photodegradation of estrogens, and AEOM from Selenastrum capricornutum and Chlorella vulgaris achieved 100% of E2 and EE2 removal under visible light irradiation. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy identified humic/fulvic-like substances in AEOM from three microalgae cultures, which might be responsible for inducing the indirect photolysis of E2 and EE2. Therefore, in the living microalgae cultures, the major estrogens removal mechanisms should include biotransformation as well as AEOM meditated photocatalytic degradation. Since removal rates through photodegradation could be faster than biotransformation, the AEOM mediated photocatalytic degradation can play a potential role to remove emerging contaminants when using microalgae technology for wastewater effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsin Chou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Water Innovation, Low Carbon and Environmental Sustainability Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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15
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Pan J, Fu X, Wang C, Song N, Lv X, Xu H. Adsorption and molecular weight fractionation of dissolved organic matters with different origins on colloidal surface. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127774. [PMID: 32731032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) adsorption on colloid surface occurred ubiquitously in aquatic ecosystems, while variations in molecular weight (MW) distribution during adsorption remained poorly understood. In this study, the adsorption and MW fractionation of aquatic DOMs with different origins (e.g., macrophyte- and algae-derived, MDOM and ADOM, respectively) on colloid surface were examined using total organic carbon, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and flow field flow fractionation (FlFFF) analysis. Both the total organic carbon and spectroscopic results showed the predominant adsorption of DOMs within the first 45 min, which behaved not synchronously with MW fractionation. Quantitative FlFFF analysis further indicated that the organic ligands with different MWs exhibited different adsorption affinities on colloid surface. It was found that 5-15 kDa and 50 kDã0.45 μm were preferential adsorption fraction for humic- and protein-like MDOM, respectively, while 0.3-2 kDa and 0.3-50 kDa were preferential adsorption fraction for humic- and protein-like ADOM, respectively. Therefore, the MW fractionation of DOMs upon adsorption was highly dependent on DOM origins as well as specific components. Results obtained herein can enlarge our insights into adsorption and the resultant behavior and fate of DOMs that were highly related with the MW fractionation in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Song
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xizhi Lv
- Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Key Laboratory of the Loess Plateau Soil Erosion and Water Loss Process and Control of Ministry of Water Resources, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Huacheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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16
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Maqbool T, Qin Y, Ly QV, Zhang J, Li C, Asif MB, Zhang Z. Exploring the relative changes in dissolved organic matter for assessing the water quality of full-scale drinking water treatment plants using a fluorescence ratio approach. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116125. [PMID: 32650297 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to extend and demonstrate the application of fluorescence spectroscopy for monitoring the water quality of three differently operated full-scale drinking water treatment plants located in the Shenzhen city (China). A ratio of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM), which describes relative changes in humic-like to protein-like fluorescence, was used to explain mechanisms behind the physicochemical processes. The fluorescence components obtained through individual and combined parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling revealed the presence of humic-like (C1) and protein-like (C2) structures in the DOM. The C1/C2 ratio provided a direct relationship between the seasonal variations and DOM composition. Wet season generated DOM enriched with humic-like fluorescence, while dry season caused a higher release of protein-like fluorescence. The fluorescence ratio presented unique patterns of DOM in treatment trains. The chemical pretreatment and disinfection unit processes showed a higher tendency to remove the humic-like fluorescence. However, the C1/C2 ratio increased during physical treatment processes such as coagulation-precipitation and sand filtration, indicating preferential removal of protein-like fluorescence. The DOM composition in influent directly (R2 = 0.77) influenced the relative intensities of fluorescence components in the treated water. Compared to the dry season, the wet season caused significant changes in DOM composition and produced treated water enriched with humic-like fluorescence. This fluorescence ratio offers an approach to explore the role of different treatment units and determine the factors affecting the composition of DOM in the surface water and drinking water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanling Qin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quang Viet Ly
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Chengyue Li
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Asif
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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17
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Maqbool T, Zhang J, Qin Y, Ly QV, Asif MB, Zhang X, Zhang Z. Seasonal occurrence of N-nitrosamines and their association with dissolved organic matter in full-scale drinking water systems: Determination by LC-MS and EEM-PARAFAC. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116096. [PMID: 32717651 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosamines have been identified as emerging contaminants with tremendous carcinogenic potential for human beings. This study examined the seasonal changes in the occurrence of N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential (NDMA-FP) in drinking water resources and potable water from 10 drinking water treatment plants in a southern city of China. The changes in N-nitrosamines are well correlated with dissolved organic matter (DOM), particularly fluorophores, which were measured and compared between traditional fluorescence indices and excitation-emission matrix coupled with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Four of N-nitrosamine species including N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), N-Nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), and N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) are found to be abundant compounds with an average of 29.5% (26.7%), 20.0% (25.2%), 18.9% (16.0%), and 9.0% (9.9%) in the source (and treated) water, respectively. The sum of N-nitrosamines concentration is recorded to be low in the wet season (July-September), whereas the dry season (October-December) provided opposite impacts. EEM-PARAFAC modeling indicated the predominance of humic-like component (C1) in the wet season while in the dry season the water was dominant in protein-like component (C2). All the N-nitrosamines excluding NDPhA and N-Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) showed a strong association with protein-like component (C2). In contrast, humic-like C1, which was directly influenced by rainfall, was found to be a suitable proxy for NMOR and NDPhA. The results of this study are valuable to understand the correlation between different N-nitrosamines and DOM through adopting fluorescence signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanling Qin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quang Viet Ly
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Muhammad Bilal Asif
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xihui Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Centre for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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18
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Hua LC, Chao SJ, Huang K, Huang C. Characteristics of low and high SUVA precursors: Relationships among molecular weight, fluorescence, and chemical composition with DBP formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138638. [PMID: 32498213 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed upon water treatment is an emerging issue worldwide. While monitoring of DBP precursors can easily be achieved for high specific UV absorbance (SUVA) organic (>6 L/mg·m), low and extremely low SUVA precursors (<2 L/mg·m) are difficult to monitor or even to predict their DBP formation behaviour. This study investigated the relationships among NOM characteristics, such as molecular weight (MW), fluorescence, and chemical composition, with DBP formation resulting from the chlorination of relatively high and low SUVA precursors. High SUVA precursors were formed by C-rich substances (82-85% of total mass) corresponding with high C/N and C/O (>100 and >5, respectively). Such precursors exhibited the fluorescence of long-wavelength humic-like signal and occurred at a high MW range (>30 kDa). By contrast, low SUVA precursors were either N-rich and/or O-rich substances, associated with much lower carbon content (40-70%). Low SUVA, N-rich precursors particularly also occurred at a high MW region (>100 kDa) and produced a strong protein-like fluorescence signal. When SUVA values of O-rich precursors were extremely low (<1 L/mg·m) they were accompanyied by short-wavelength humic-like fluorescence. During DBP tests, high SUVA produced only high yields of carbonaceous DBPs (e.g trichloromethane, haloacetic acids, haloketones), whereas low SUVA N-rich precursors yielded high levels of both C and NDBPs (e.g. haloacetonenitrile, chloropicrin). By contrast, extremely low SUVA precursors produced significantly low levels of both C and NDBPs (total < 30 μg/mgC). Furthermore, 19 of 20 regression models of DBP formation using log-transformed MW gave R2 = 0.50-0.97. The strong regressions and correlations of NOM characteristics with DBPs in this study provide a better understanding of the influence of precursors characteristics on DBP monitoring, especially for low SUVA NOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lap-Cuong Hua
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Chao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Kochin Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chihpin Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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19
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Tsai KP, Uzun H, Chen H, Karanfil T, Chow AT. Control wildfire-induced Microcystis aeruginosa blooms by copper sulfate: Trade-offs between reducing algal organic matter and promoting disinfection byproduct formation. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 158:227-236. [PMID: 31039452 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of nutrients due to wildfire ash input into stream waters will likely cause algal blooms. When source water is impeded by algae and requires immediate restoration, copper algaecides are usually applied. Previous studies indicate that Cu2+ can promote reactivity of dissolved organic matter in forming disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, it is unclear that how DBP formation is changed after the treatment of post-fire algal bloom by copper algaecide. In this study Microcystis aeruginosa was cultured in the medium containing black and white ash water extracts (BE and WE) to study DBP concentrations before and after 4-days exposures to low and high copper sulfate (0.5 and 1.0 mg-Cu/L). Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was characterized by UV-VIS absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and chlorination/chloramination-based DBP formation potential (FP) experiments. DOM concentrations and algal population in the treatments were lower than that in control, regardless of types of water extract. N-nitrosodimethylamine FP in the treatments were 4-6 times higher than the control (0.23-0.34 vs. 0.05-0.06 μg/L), while haloacetonitrile FP revealed no significant difference (132-191 vs. 167-185 μg/L). Trade-offs between reducing algal population and promoting DBP-FP were more pronounced for the solutions containing BE than WE. Low copper concentration was as effective as high concentration in inhibiting algal growth while minimizing promotion of DBP formation. The results can serve to support risk evaluations of algal population and DBP concentration when wildfire-induced algal bloom is left untreated and treated by copper algaecides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Pei Tsai
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29440, USA; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Habibullah Uzun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29440, USA
| | - Tanju Karanfil
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Alex T Chow
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29440, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29634, USA.
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20
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Derrien M, Shin KH, Hur J. Assessment on applicability of common source tracking tools for particulate organic matter in controlled end member mixing experiments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:187-196. [PMID: 30798229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ideal mixing behaviors of the three commonly-used source tracking tools, which include fluorescence spectroscopy, stable isotope ratios, and lipid biomarkers, were evaluated in controlled particular organic matter (POM) mixtures of two contrasting end members e.g., soil and algae. In parallel, three different extraction methods based on water (WEOM) and two alkaline solutions were compared to identify the preferential pre-treatment option that leads to a good performance of the spectroscopic source tracking indices on the dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from the POM. Based on three evaluation criteria concerning the linearity of the relationships, the discrimination sensitivity, and the conservative mixing behavior of fourteen tested indices, the fluorescence proxies such as the relative distribution of the fluorescence components and the modified fluorescence index YFI of the WEOM were found to be reliable and robust indices for POM source tracking. The carbon stable isotope ratios of the POM samples exhibited an ideal mixing behavior even after the DOM extraction, while the biomarkers of sterols/stanols did not present a good linear and conservative behavior at similar conditions. In addition, the WEOM was identified as the preferred extraction method for the application of spectroscopic indices for POM source discrimination. This study provides a guideline to select the optimum indices for the POM source discrimination via the end member mixing analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Derrien
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Environmental Marine Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi do 15588, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
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21
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Chang YR, Lee YJ, Lee DJ. Membrane fouling during water or wastewater treatments: Current research updated. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Branyikova I, Filipenska M, Urbanova K, Ruzicka MC, Pivokonsky M, Branyik T. Physicochemical approach to alkaline flocculation of Chlorella vulgaris induced by calcium phosphate precipitates. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 166:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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