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Ma QY, Huang Z, Li YS, Zhao CX. Investigation of zeolite H-β effect on pyrolysis of polystyrene by multiple kinetic analysis methods. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39680-39694. [PMID: 36598725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For studying the effects of H-β zeolite on the pyrolysis of polystyrene (PS), non-isothermal thermogravimetric measurements were conducted in N2 under 5, 10, 15, and 20 K/min. The results show that the addition of 10 ~ 30 wt.% H-β zeolite can significantly decrease the initial pyrolysis temperature of PS, indicative of the catalytic effect of zeolite used. Through kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis of PS blends, the isoconversional activation energies are calculated to be 121.8 ~ 191.9, 92.1 ~ 173.8, and 116.7 ~ 192.4 kJ/mol for the PS blends with zeolite loading of 10, 20, and 30 wt.%, respectively. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis degradation functions are determined through the Master-plots method integrated with a recently developed compensation-effect method to follow chemical reaction mechanism with the reaction order of 0.9, 1.0, and 0.6 for PS/zeolite blends of 10, 20, and 30 wt.% loading, and their pre-exponential factors are respectively calculated to be 6.18 × 108 ~ 5.71 × 1011, 2.36 × 106 ~ 9.23 × 1011, and 8.38 × 107 ~ 1.11 × 1012 min-1. Our work may provide some insights for how to better describe experimental results with theoretical predications and necessary information for performing any potential pyrolysis designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Ma
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Institute of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Institute of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China.
| | - Yu-Si Li
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Institute of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Chen-Xu Zhao
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Institute of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
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Hassan SA, Abbas M, Zia S, Maan AA, Khan MKI, Hassoun A, Shehzad A, Gattin R, Aadil RM. An appealing review of industrial and nutraceutical applications of pistachio waste. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3103-3121. [PMID: 36200872 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is consumed in almost every part of the world enclosed in shells that are thrown out in baskets. Similarly, hulls separated from pistachio are discarded as waste in food processing industries. These waste materials contain functional constituents having immense industrial and nutraceutical applications. This review article summarizes the scientific investigations regarding the functional constituents and bioactive compounds in pistachio shells (PSs) and pistachio hulls (PHs). It also highlights the nutraceutical potential exhibited by functionally active compounds as well as their potential applications in various industries including nutraceutical, medicinal, and feed industries together with biosynthetic development of useful products and wastewater treatment. Pistachio waste (PW) comprising PS and PH is a rich source of various bioactive compounds. PS is full of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. PH is an excellent source of carbohydrates (80.64 ± 0.98%) (including glucose, galactose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galacturonic acid) as well as ash (6.32 ± 0.26%) and proteins (1.80 ± 0.28%) with small amounts of fats (0.04 ± 0.005%). Owing to its composition, PW can be beneficial in many nutraceuticals, including antioxidation, cytoprotection, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-melanogenesis, neuroprotection, anti-cancer, anti-mutagenesis, anti-inflammation, and anti-microbial. The waste materials have vast applications in the food industry, such as bio-preservation of oils and meat products, prevention of enzymatic browning in fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms, development of functional cereal and dairy products, production of food enzymes, emulsions, and manufacturing of biodegradable films for food packaging. The use of these waste products to develop and design novel functional foods with improved quality is important for both food industries and food sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Hassan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mueen Abbas
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sania Zia
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Aslam Maan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège Junia, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- UniLaSalle, Univ. Artois, EA7519 - Transformations & Agro-ressources, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Richard Gattin
- UniLaSalle, Univ. Artois, EA7519 - Transformations & Agro-ressources, Normandie Université, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Thangunpai K, Hu D, Su X, Kajiyama M, Neves MA, Enomae T. Thermal Stability of Polycaprolactone Grafted Densely with Maleic Anhydride Analysed Using the Coats-Redfern Equation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194100. [PMID: 36236052 PMCID: PMC9571202 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plastic waste problem has recently attracted unprecedented attention globally. To reduce the adverse eff ects on environments, biodegradable polymers have been studied to solve the problems. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is one of the common biodegradable plastics used on its own or blended with natural polymers because of its excellent properties after blending. However, PCL and natural polymers are difficult to blend due to the polymers' properties. Grafted polymerization of maleic anhydride and dibenzoyl peroxide (DBPO) with PCL is one of the improvements used for blending immiscible polymers. In this study, we first focused on the effects of three factors (stirring time, maleic anhydride (MA) amount and benzoyl peroxide amount) on the grafting ratio with a maximum value of 4.16% when applying 3.000 g MA and 1.120 g DBPO to 3.375 g PCL with a stirring time of 18 h. After that, the grafting condition was studied based on the kinetic thermal decomposition and activation energy by the Coats-Redfern method. The optimal fitting model was confirmed by the determination coefficient of nearly 1 to explain the contracting volume mechanism of synthesized PCL-g-MA. Consequently, grafted MA hydrophilically augmented PCL as the reduced contact angle of water suggests, facilitating the creation of a plastic-biomaterial composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotchaporn Thangunpai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Donghao Hu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (T.E.)
| | - Xianlong Su
- Department of Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mikio Kajiyama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Marcos A. Neves
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Enomae
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (T.E.)
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The Course and the Effects of Agricultural Biomass Pyrolysis in the Production of High-Calorific Biochar. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031038. [PMID: 35160983 PMCID: PMC8840729 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The thermal pyrolysis of agriculture biomass has been studied in a fixed-bed reactor, where the pyrolysis was conducted at a steady temperature of 800 °C. This work analyses the pyrolysis products of six agricultural wastes: pistachio husks, walnut husks, sunflower hulls, buckwheat husks, corncobs and coconut shells. The conducted research compared examples of large waste biomass streams from different parts of the world as a potential source of renewable energy. Additionally, the kinetics of the reaction with the activation energy were analyzed and calculated for all raw materials in pyrolysis process. Biochars are characterised by higher combustion heat in comparison to the raw material samples. The average value of the heat of combustion increased due to pyrolysis process from 10 MJ/kg, with minimal value of 2.7 MJ/kg (corncob) and maximum of 13.0 MJ/kg for coconut, which is also characterised by the maximal absolute combustion heating value (32.3 MJ/kg). The increase in calorific values varied from 15% to 172% (with 54% reference for wood chips), which indicates that charring is an effective method for increasing the energy concentration. The obtained biochar were compared with wood chips, which are widely used solid fuel of organic origin. The studied biomass-derived fuels are characterised by lower ash contribution than wood. An analogous observation was made for the obtained biochars, whose ash contribution was lower than for the chips in terms of both unit-mass and unit-combustion-heat. The main advantage of this method is the production of solid fuel from biomass, which increases the calorific value and bulk density of biochar in comparison to raw material.
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Santos VO, Araujo RO, Ribeiro FCP, Colpani D, Lima VMR, Tenório JAS, Coleti J, Falcão NPS, Chaar JS, de Souza LKC. Analysis of thermal degradation of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) seed using isoconversional models. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-02140-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rojas-Lema S, Arevalo J, Gomez-Caturla J, Garcia-Garcia D, Torres-Giner S. Peroxide-Induced Synthesis of Maleic Anhydride-Grafted Poly(butylene succinate) and Its Compatibilizing Effect on Poly(butylene succinate)/Pistachio Shell Flour Composites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195927. [PMID: 34641470 PMCID: PMC8512837 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Framing the Circular Bioeconomy, the use of reactive compatibilizers was applied in order to increase the interfacial adhesion and, hence, the physical properties and applications of green composites based on biopolymers and food waste derived lignocellulosic fillers. In this study, poly(butylene succinate) grafted with maleic anhydride (PBS-g-MAH) was successfully synthetized by a reactive melt-mixing process using poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and maleic anhydride (MAH) that was induced with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a radical initiator and based on the formation of macroradicals derived from the hydrogen abstraction of the biopolymer backbone. Then, PBS-g-MAH was used as reactive compatibilizer for PBS filled with different contents of pistachio shell flour (PSF) during melt extrusion. As confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), PBS-g-MAH acted as a bridge between the two composite phases since it was readily soluble in PBS and could successfully form new esters by reaction of its multiple MAH groups with the hydroxyl (–OH) groups present in cellulose or lignin of PSF and the end ones in PBS. The resultant compatibilized green composites were, thereafter, shaped by injection molding into 4-mm thick pieces with a wood-like color. Results showed significant increases in the mechanical and thermomechanical rigidity and hardness, meanwhile variations on the thermal stability were negligible. The enhancement observed was related to the good dispersion and the improved filler-matrix interfacial interactions achieved by PBS-g-MAH and also to the PSF nucleating effect that increased the PBS’s crystallinity. Furthermore, water uptake of the pieces progressively increased as a function of the filler content, whereas the disintegration in controlled compost soil was limited due to their large thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rojas-Lema
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.A.); (J.G.-C.); (D.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.-L.); (S.T.-G.)
| | - Jordi Arevalo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.A.); (J.G.-C.); (D.G.-G.)
| | - Jaume Gomez-Caturla
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.A.); (J.G.-C.); (D.G.-G.)
| | - Daniel Garcia-Garcia
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.A.); (J.G.-C.); (D.G.-G.)
| | - Sergio Torres-Giner
- Research Institute of Food Engineering for Development (IIAD), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.R.-L.); (S.T.-G.)
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Papadaki MI, Mendoza-Castillo DI, Reynel-Avila HE, Bonilla-Petriciolet A, Georgopoulos S. Nut Shells as Adsorbents of Pollutants: Research and Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.640983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shells, kernels, and other wastes have been investigated by researchers as potential adsorbents for a number of pollutants like methylene blue (MB), Remazol Rot RB, acid blue 80, acid blue 324, or as raw materials for the production of activated carbons and biochars to serve the same objective. Activated carbons formed by such wastes have been found to remove different heavy metals like uranium, arsenic, and cadmium while their biochars removed others like lead and copper. Furthermore, the production of these adsorbents can be combined with additional ways of valorization of this type of waste like bio-oil or bio-gas generation or even added-value materials extraction. In this work, conducted research on the ability of pistachio, pecan, cashew nut, and castor seed shells to selectively adsorb and thus remove pollutants from synthetic wastewaters is being shown. This type of research needs to be expanded in order to incorporate competitive adsorption, adsorbents regeneration, and recovery of adsorbates and to evaluate their performance with real wastewaters, before they find their way to large scale applications for the removal of the respective compounds from natural waters and wastewaters. An appropriate life cycle assessment is also necessary for the evaluation of the environmental benefits arising from their use.
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Santana DAR, Scatolino MV, Lima MDR, de Oliveira Barros Junior U, Garcia DP, Andrade CR, de Cássia Oliveira Carneiro A, Trugilho PF, de Paula Protásio T. Pelletizing of lignocellulosic wastes as an environmentally friendly solution for the energy supply: insights on the properties of pellets from Brazilian biomasses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11598-11617. [PMID: 33128146 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the circular bioeconomy and cleaner production, the incorporation of the by-products of plant biomass production in the bioenergy chain is fundamental. However, lignocellulosic wastes have properties that hinder their use for the production of biofuels. This study aims to evaluate how blends of lignocellulosic wastes improve the physical, chemical, and mechanical quality of pellets destined to the industrial sector, and to identify the challenges associated with the use of agroforestry biomass as raw material for pelletizing. Pellets were produced from blends of soybean wastes, sorghum wastes, pine needles, rice powder, Eucalyptus sawdust, and charcoal fines. Additionally, pure pellets composed of soybean wastes, sugarcane bagasse, and pine wood were evaluated. The effect of biomass type on the energy density, ash content, net heating value, and ultimate analysis was significant. The pellets produced with soybean wastes presented high contents of N (3.5-4.9%) and ashes (16.4-26.7%), besides low mechanical durability (≤ 96%), hindering its commercialization for industrial purposes. Pellets with sugarcane bagasse presented N (1.5%), S (0.03%), ashes (5.6%), mechanical durability (96.6%), and net heating value (15.1 MJ kg-1), suitable for industrial energy use in accordance with ISO 17225-6. The high N and ash contents and the low mechanical durability are the greatest challenges for the energy use of pellets produced from Brazilian agroforestry wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mário Vanoli Scatolino
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Michael Douglas Roque Lima
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Rogério Andrade
- Federal University of Jataí - UFJ, Campus of Jatobá, Jataí, Goiás, CEP 75801-615, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Fernando Trugilho
- Department of Forest Science, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago de Paula Protásio
- Federal Rural University of Amazonia - UFRA, Campus of Parauapebas, Parauapebas, Pará, CEP 68515-000, Brazil.
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Xu Z, Qi R, Xiong M, Zhang D, Gu H, Chen W. Conversion of cotton textile waste to clean solid fuel via surfactant-assisted hydrothermal carbonization: Mechanisms and combustion behaviors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124450. [PMID: 33264746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cotton textile was an abundant energy resource while was otherwise treated as waste. In this work, surfactants were used as catalysts in the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) to transform cotton textile waste (CTW) into clean solid fuel. Furthermore, the conversion mechanisms of hydrothermal products during surfactant-assisted HTC were preliminarily proposed. The results showed that Span 80 and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate facilitated the transformation of CTW into bio-oil, while Tween 80 was more conducive to the development of pseudo-lignin, which endowed hydrochars higher energy density and updated the fuel quality and combustion behavior. Therefore, the research presented an effective method to convert CTW to clean solid fuel through the HTC treatment combining with surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, PR China.
| | - Renzhi Qi
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Xiong
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Daofang Zhang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - He Gu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Weifang Chen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, PR China
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