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Teke GM, Anye Cho B, Bosman CE, Mapholi Z, Zhang D, Pott RWM. Towards industrial biological hydrogen production: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:37. [PMID: 38057658 PMCID: PMC10700294 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased production of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly needed. Amidst other strategies, one promising technology that could help achieve this goal is biological hydrogen production. This technology uses micro-organisms to convert organic matter into hydrogen gas, a clean and versatile fuel that can be used in a wide range of applications. While biohydrogen production is in its early stages, several challenges must be addressed for biological hydrogen production to become a viable commercial solution. From an experimental perspective, the need to improve the efficiency of hydrogen production, the optimization strategy of the microbial consortia, and the reduction in costs associated with the process is still required. From a scale-up perspective, novel strategies (such as modelling and experimental validation) need to be discussed to facilitate this hydrogen production process. Hence, this review considers hydrogen production, not within the framework of a particular production method or technique, but rather outlines the work (bioreactor modes and configurations, modelling, and techno-economic and life cycle assessment) that has been done in the field as a whole. This type of analysis allows for the abstraction of the biohydrogen production technology industrially, giving insights into novel applications, cross-pollination of separate lines of inquiry, and giving a reference point for researchers and industrial developers in the field of biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Teke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - B Anye Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - C E Bosman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Z Mapholi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - D Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R W M Pott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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2
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Devaisy S, Kandasamy J, Nguyen TV, Ratnaweera H, Vigneswaran S. Membranes in Water Reclamation: Treatment, Reuse and Concentrate Management. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:605. [PMID: 37367809 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this article, an extensive examination is provided on the possible uses of membranes and hybrid processes in wastewater treatment. While membrane technologies face certain constraints, such as membrane fouling and scaling, the incomplete elimination of emerging contaminants, elevated expenses, energy usage, and brine disposal, there are approaches that can address these challenges. Methods such as pretreating the feed water, utilizing hybrid membrane systems and hybrid dual-membrane systems, and employing other innovative membrane-based treatment techniques can enhance the efficacy of membrane processes and advance sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanyah Devaisy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia
- Department of Bio-Science, Faculty of Applied Science, University of Vavuniya, Vavuniya 43 000, Sri Lanka
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia
| | - Tien Vinh Nguyen
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127, Australia
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
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3
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Maaz M, Aslam M, Yasin M, Khan AL, Mushtaq A, Fazal T, Aljuwayid AM, Habila MA, Kim J. Macroalgal biochar synthesis and its implication on membrane fouling mitigation in fluidized bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138197. [PMID: 36841456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The intensification of biochar into fluidized bed membrane bioreactor was investigated to mitigate membrane fouling. Different biochars from algal biomass were produced and used as biomaterials for wastewater treatment. In this study, different macroalgal biochar was synthesized at different pyrolysis temperatures and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques to implicate their effect on membrane fouling reduction in fluidized bed membrane bioreactor. The combined effect of macroalgal biochars and biocarriers with gas sparging was evaluated for fouling mitigation. Macroalgal biochar curtailed membrane fouling effectively at low gas sparging rate. Transmembrane pressure (TMP) was reduced to 0.053 bar; under the fluidization of biochar-650 and biocarriers with gas sparging; from 0.27 bar (gas sparging only). Combined effect of gas sparging, biocarriers and biochar-650 instigated 92.1% fouling reduction in comparative to gas sparging alone. Mechanical scouring driven by biocarriers could reduce fouling due to removing surface deposit of foulants from membrane surface effectively and biochar can efficiently adsorb foulants because of its active functional groups resulting in reduction of colloidal fouling. The addition of divalent ions (Ca2+) further enhanced the fouling reduction in fluidized bed membrane bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Maaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Azeem Mushtaq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Fazal
- Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Muteb Aljuwayid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program of Environmental and Polymeric Engineering, Inha University, Inharo-100, Michuholgu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ghaffar I, Deepanraj B, Sundar LS, Vo DVN, Saikumar A, Hussain A. A review on the sustainable procurement of microalgal biomass from wastewaters for the production of biofuels. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137094. [PMID: 36334745 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of microalgal biomass as one of the most promising and renewable sources for the production of biofuels is being studied extensively. Microalgal biomass can be cultivated under photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, photoheterotrophic, and mixotrophic cultivation conditions. Photoautotrophic cultivation is the most common way of microalgal biomass production. Under mixotrophic cultivation, microalgae can utilize both organic carbon and CO2 simultaneously. Mixotrophic cultivation depicts higher biomass productivity as compared to photoautotrophic cultivation. It is evident from the literature that mixotrophic cultivation yields higher quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids as compared to that photoautotrophic cultivation. In this context, for economical biomass production, the organic carbon of industrial wastewaters can be valorized for the mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae. Following the way, contaminants' load of wastewaters can be reduced while concomitantly producing highly productive microalgal biomass. This review focuses on different aspects covering the sustainable cultivation of different microalgal species in different types of wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imania Ghaffar
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Balakrishnan Deepanraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lingala Syam Sundar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Algam Saikumar
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ali Hussain
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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5
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Morais RGD, Braga SM, Braga MCB. Evaluation of the start-up of hydraulic conditions of a fluidised bed system. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:4029-4041. [PMID: 34092195 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1939794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of this research was based on the analysis of an anaerobic fluidised bed reactor from the assembly of its components to the sealing of the system and further fluidisation. A hydrometer and a Venturi were used to identify the best means of measuring the flow rate. Results produced by both devices were similar, however, the latter was less effective due to the low flow rates necessary to operate the system. The hydrometer was the most adequate device for flow rate measurements in the range between 0.1 and 1.0 m³/h, whereas the Venturi proved to be an adequate device for the flow in the range between 0.3 and 0.7 m³/h. Sand with grain sizes varying from 357 to 1000 µm was used as support material. It was not observed statistically significant differences between the minimum fluidisation velocities related to the amount of supported material of 20% and 40% (VSM/Vusable) added to the reactor. Forty percent of the usable volume occupied with sand is adequate to reach fluidisation, instead of only the expansion of the bed. The fluidisation velocities for the sand grain size of 357 µm were 8.4 m/h ± 0.25 for 20%, and 8.6 m/h ± 0.30 for 40%, whereas for the 505 µm they were, respectively for 20% and 40%, 9.2 m/h ±0.70 and 10.1 m/h ± 0.37. The hydraulic tests allow to stress that sand grain sizes varying from 357 to 505 µm are recommended to be used in a system with similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gonçalves de Morais
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering, Campus Polytechnic CentreParana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Michelotto Braga
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering, Campus Polytechnic CentreParana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Borba Braga
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering, Campus Polytechnic CentreParana Federal University, Curitiba, Brazil
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Deng L, Guo W, Ngo HH, Zhang X, Chen C, Chen Z, Cheng D, Ni SQ, Wang Q. Recent advances in attached growth membrane bioreactor systems for wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152123. [PMID: 34864031 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To tackle membrane fouling and limited removals of pollutants (nutrients and emerging pollutants) that hinder the wide applications of membrane bioreactor (MBR), attached growth MBR (AGMBR) combining MBR and attached growth process has been developed. This review comprehensively presents the up-to-date developments of media used in both aerobic and anaerobic AGMBRs for treating wastewaters containing conventional and emerging pollutants. It also elaborates the properties of different media, characteristics of attached biomass, and their contributions to AGMBR performance. Conventional media, such as biological activated carbon and polymeric carriers, induce formation of aerobic, anoxic and/or anaerobic microenvironment, increase specific surface area or porous space for biomass retention, improve microbial activities, and enrich diverse microorganisms, thereby enhancing pollutants removal. Meanwhile, new media (i.e. biochar, bioaugmented carriers with selected strain/mixed cultures) do not only eliminate conventional pollutants (i.e. high concentration of nitrogen, etc.), but also effectively remove emerging pollutants (i.e. micropollutants, nonylphenol, adsorbable organic halogens, etc.) by forming thick and dense biofilm, creating anoxic/anaerobic microenvironments inside the media, enriching special functional microorganisms and increasing activity of microorganisms. Additionally, media can improve sludge characteristics (i.e. less extracellular polymeric substances and soluble microbial products, larger floc size, better sludge settleability, etc.), alleviating membrane fouling. Future studies need to focus on the development and applications of more new functional media in removing wider spectrum of emerging pollutants and enhancing biogas generation, as well as scale-up of lab-scale AGMBRs to pilot or full-scale AGMBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Deng
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, University of Technology Sydney and Tianjin Chengjian University,.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, University of Technology Sydney and Tianjin Chengjian University,.
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, University of Technology Sydney and Tianjin Chengjian University,; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Infinite Water Holdings Pty Ltd., Unit 17/809 Botany Road, Rosebery, Sydney, NSW 2018, Australia
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dongle Cheng
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Environment Science & Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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7
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Khan MM, Asghar HMA, Saulat H, Chawla M, Rafiq S, Khan MM, Ya Jie W, Aslam M, Mukhtar A. Hazardous wastewater treatment by low-cost sorbent with in situ regeneration using hybrid solar energy-electrochemical system. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:1554-1561. [PMID: 33583113 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous industrial wastes negatively impact the environment by creating issues for aquatic as well as human's life. This study investigates the treatment of hazardous industrial wastewater using cost-effective graphite adsorbent along with electrochemical regeneration integrated with renewable solar energy. The synthetic industrial effluent containing crystal violet dye was treated using an adsorbent (Nyex™ 1000) having a surface area of 1.0 m2 g-1 . The efficiency of removing solute was found to be more than 90%. The adsorbent regeneration efficiency was achieved at 99.5% by passing a charge of 100 C g-1 at current density of 10 mA cm-2 for 1 h. Solar energy was integrated with electrochemical reactor for the regeneration of adsorbent to make the system cost-effective and self-sustainable. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Industrial hazardous wastewater treatment with a cost-effective graphite integrated adsorbent. Development of renewable solar energy-integrated with electrochemical system for regeneration. Regeneration efficiency of adsorbent Nyex™ 1000 was achieved around 99.5% with integrated system. Sustainable system was introduced to incorporate with renewable energy for waste water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Masood Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Institue of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Hammad Saulat
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Muhammad Chawla
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mahmood Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Wang Ya Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
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García L, Leyva-Díaz JC, Díaz E, Ordóñez S. A review of the adsorption-biological hybrid processes for the abatement of emerging pollutants: Removal efficiencies, physicochemical analysis, and economic evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146554. [PMID: 33774301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The limited efficiency of conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in emerging pollutants (EPs) removal encourages the development of alternative technologies for the adequate treatment of wastewater, due to its adverse effects on human health and ecosystems. The biological, physical or chemical hybrid technologies to treat EPs results interesting since they can enhance the performance of WWTPs. Among them, hybrid adsorption/biological technology could offer different possibilities that are explored in this work (PAC-MBR, PACT/GAC-CAS, BAC configurations). In this way, different variations in the adsorption process have been considered: the form of the adsorbent, the feed to the system, and the type of biological process, either conventional activated sludge (CAS), membrane bioreactor (MBR) or biofilm systems. For each combination, the removal efficiency of micropollutants, classified according to their use into pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PCPs) and other micropollutants (mainly benzotriazoles) was analysed. From reported data, it was observed a beneficial synergistic effect of dipole moment and octanol-water partition coefficient on the removal efficiency of micropollutants by adsorption/biological hybrid technology. Finally, a preliminary economic evaluation of the powdered activated carbon in a conventional activated sludge reactor (PACT), powdered activated carbon-membrane bioreactor (PAC-MBR) and biological activated carbon (BAC) hybrid systems was carried out by analysing the capital expenditure (CAPEX) of plants for capacities up to 75,000 m3d-1. Likewise, estimations of adsorbent concentration for a hypothetical plant with a capacity of 10,000 m3d-1 is presented. Among these hybrid configurations, PAC-MBR achieved the highest micropollutant elimination percentages; however, it presents the highest CAPEX and activated carbon requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura García
- Catalysis, Reactors, and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Leyva-Díaz
- Catalysis, Reactors, and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Díaz
- Catalysis, Reactors, and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Salvador Ordóñez
- Catalysis, Reactors, and Control Research Group (CRC), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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9
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Saulat H, Khan MM, Aslam M, Chawla M, Rafiq S, Zafar F, Khan MM, Bokhari A, Jamil F, Bhutto AW, Bazmi AA. Wind speed pattern data and wind energy potential in Pakistan: current status, challenging platforms and innovative prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:34051-34073. [PMID: 33119799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10869-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Energy is an essential parameter for the economic growth and sustainable development of any country. Due to the rapid increase in energy demand, depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concerns, many developing and developed countries are moving towards alternative renewable resources such as solar energy, wind energy and biomass. Wind energy as a renewable energy source is gaining a lot of significant attention. Wind energy is a sustainable solution to produce energy having potential benefits such as clean source, reduced toxic gases emission and environmental friendly protocol for operation. Pakistan is among the top countries facing the worst energy crisis due to different political and financial issues. Pakistan is blessed with a huge potential of wind energy having all the basic requirements such as windy regions and good wind speed for harnessing energy. Pakistan can utilize the potential of wind energy to reduce the problem of energy outrage in the country and also take steps towards green economy from conventional fuel economy. This critical review highlights the current status, potential and the steps taken in the past and present to overcome the energy shortage in Pakistan by employing wind energy. Outlook on wind speed data, deployment of wind energy, environmental effect of wind energy and its barriers in the adoption are discussed with recommendations and suggestions to utilize this clean energy in an effective way. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Saulat
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Muhammad Masood Khan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Chawla
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zafar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Sebou-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Mahmood Khan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Aqeel Ahmed Bazmi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Process and Energy Systems Engineering Center-PRESTIGE, Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
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10
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Shende AD, Pophali GR. Anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35-55. [PMID: 33033931 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10921-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a review of anaerobic treatment technologies to treat slaughterhouse wastewater including its advantages and disadvantages. Physico-chemical characteristics and biochemical methane potential (BMP) of slaughterhouse wastewater are addressed. Various anaerobic treatment technologies are presented with the related operating parameters, viz., hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR), upflow velocity (Vup), and biogas yield vis-a-vis treatment efficiency in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD). In addition, various factors that affect the anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater such as high oil & grease (O & G) concentration in influent, inhibitors, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and the loading rate are also addressed. The literature review indicated that the slaughterhouse wastewater can be treated effectively by employing any anaerobic treatment technologies at OLRs up to 5 kg COD/m3.d with more than 80% COD removal efficiency without experiencing operational problems. Anaerobic hybrid reactors (AHRs) were found the most effective among various reviewed technologies because of their ability to operate at higher OLRs (8 to 20 kg COD/m3.d) and lower HRTs (8 to 12 hrs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay D Shende
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695019, India
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Girish R Pophali
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
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11
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Jamil F, Aslam M, Al-Muhtaseb AH, Bokhari A, Rafiq S, Khan Z, Inayat A, Ahmed A, Hossain S, Khurram MS, Abu Bakar MS. Greener and sustainable production of bioethylene from bioethanol: current status, opportunities and perspectives. REV CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2019-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The economic value of bioethylene produced from bioethanol dehydration is remarkable due to its extensive usage in the petrochemical industry. Bioethylene is produced through several routes, such as steam cracking of hydrocarbons from fossil fuel and dehydration of bioethanol, which can be produced through fermentation processes using renewable substrates such as glucose and starch. The rise in oil prices, environmental issues due to toxic emissions caused by the combustion of fossil fuel and depletion of fossil fuel resources have led a demand for an alternative pathway to produce green ethylene. One of the abundant alternative renewable sources for bioethanol production is biomass. Bioethanol produced from biomass is alleged to be a competitive alternative to bioethylene production as it is environmentally friendly and economical. In recent years, many studies have investigated catalysts and new reaction engineering pathways to enhance the bioethylene yield and to lower reaction temperature to drive the technology toward economic feasibility and practicality. This paper critically reviews bioethylene production from bioethanol in the presence of different catalysts, reaction conditions and reactor technologies to achieve a higher yield and selectivity of ethylene. Techno-economic and environmental assessments are performed to further development and commercialization. Finally, key issues and perspectives that require utmost attention to facilitate global penetration of technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering , COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI) , Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering , COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI) , Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb
- Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering , College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University , Muscat , Oman
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Department of Chemical Engineering , COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI) , Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Material Engineering , University of Engineering and Technology , Lahore – New Campus , Pakistan
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering , COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI) , Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Abrar Inayat
- Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering , University of Sharjah , 27272 Sharjah , United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashfaq Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering , COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI) , Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road , Lahore , Pakistan
- School of Environmental Engineering , University of Seoul , Seoul, 02504 , Republic of Korea
| | - Shakhawat Hossain
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering , Jashore University of Science and Technology , Jashore-7408 , Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Khurram
- Department of Chemical Engineering , COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI) , Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S. Abu Bakar
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies , Universiti Brunei Darussalam , Jalan Tungku Link , BE1410, Gadong , Brunei Darussalam
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12
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Kim M, Lam TY, Tan GYA, Lee PH, Kim J. Use of polymeric scouring agent as fluidized media in anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment: System performance and microbial community. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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A hydraulically optimized fluidized bed UF membrane reactor (FB-UF-MR) for direct treatment of raw municipal wastewater to enable water reclamation with integrated energy recovery. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Guo Z, Du B, Wang J, Shen Y, Li Q, Feng D, Gao X, Wang H. Data-driven prediction and control of wastewater treatment process through the combination of convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13410-13419. [PMID: 35493006 PMCID: PMC9051414 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00736f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that effective prediction of wastewater treatment results (WTR) is conducive to precise control of aeration amount in the wastewater treatment process (WTP). Conventional biochemical mechanism-driven approaches are highly dependent on complicated and redundant model parameters, resulting in low efficiency. Besides, sharp increase in business volume of wastewater treatment requires automatic operation technologies for this purpose. Under this background, researchers started to introduce the idea of data mining to model the WTP, in order to automatically predict WTR given inlet conditions and aeration amount. However, existing data-driven approaches for this purpose focus on modelling of the WTP at independent timestamps, neglecting sequential characteristics of timestamps during the long-term treatment process. To tackle the challenge, in this paper, a novel prediction and control framework through combination of convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) is proposed for prediction of the WTR. Firstly, the CNN model is utilized to automatically extract the local features of each independent timestamp in the WTP and make them encoded. Next, the RNN model is employed to represent global sequential features of the WTP on the basis of local feature encoding. Finally, we conduct a large number of experiments to verify efficiency and stability of the proposed prediction framework. This work proposes a novel data-driven mechanism for prediction of wastewater treatment results through mixture of two neural network models.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Guo
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
- Chongqing 400067
- P. R. China
| | - Boxin Du
- School of Economics
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
- Chongqing 400067
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
- Chongqing 400067
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Shen
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
- Chongqing 400067
- P. R. China
- Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd
| | - Qiao Li
- School of Economics
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
- Chongqing 400067
- P. R. China
| | - Dong Feng
- Chongqing Sino French Environmental Excellence Research & Development Center Co., Ltd
- Chongqing 400042
- P. R. China
| | - Xu Gao
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service
- Chongqing Technology and Business University
- Chongqing 400067
- P. R. China
- Chongqing Sino French Environmental Excellence Research & Development Center Co., Ltd
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
- Henan Agricultural University
- Zhengzhou 450002
- P. R. China
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15
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Yang S, Zhang Q, Lei Z, Wen W, Huang X, Chen R. Comparing powdered and granular activated carbon addition on membrane fouling control through evaluating the impacts on mixed liquor and cake layer properties in anaerobic membrane bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 294:122137. [PMID: 31536858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concerning the lack of comprehensive study on the impact of powdered and granular activated carbon (PAC and GAC) on AnMBR, their impact on treatment performance, mixed liquor and cake layer properties and membrane fouling behaviors were further investigated. High COD removal efficiencies (>90%) and COD converting to CH4 rates (>70%) were achieved. GAC greatly increased extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production in mixed liquor, but significantly reduced biosolids deposited on membrane surface; while PAC largely increased proteins and polysaccharides on membrane surface. In addition, PAC decreased, whereas GAC increased particle sizes. Fouling rates showed PAC and GAC addition effectively alleviated membrane fouling at HRT 8 h, and GAC remarkably postponed the occurrence of the transmembrane pressure jump and extended membrane service time. This study clarified the roles of GAC and PAC on membrane fouling control over long-term operation, which provides the basis for decision-making in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Yang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Architecture Design and Research Institute, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Wen Wen
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Xingyuan Huang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
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16
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Maaz M, Yasin M, Aslam M, Kumar G, Atabani AE, Idrees M, Anjum F, Jamil F, Ahmad R, Khan AL, Lesage G, Heran M, Kim J. Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment: Novel configurations, fouling control and energy considerations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:358-372. [PMID: 30928198 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage, public health and environmental protection are key motives to treat wastewater. The widespread adoption of wastewater as a resource depends upon development of an energy-efficient technology. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology has gained increasing popularity due to their ability to offset the disadvantages of conventional treatment technologies. However there are several hurdles, yet to climb over, for wider spread and scale-up of the technology. This paper reviews fundamental aspects of anaerobic digestion of wastewater, and identifies the challenges and opportunities to the further development of AnMBRs. Membrane fouling and its implications are discussed, and strategies to control membrane fouling are proposed. Novel AnMBR configurations are discussed as an integrated approach to overcome technology limitations. Energy demand and recovery in AnMBRs is analyzed. Finally key issues that require urgent attention to facilitate global penetration of AnMBR technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Maaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - A E Atabani
- Energy Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mubbsher Idrees
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Anjum
- IEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inharo-100, Michuholgu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Marc Heran
- IEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Inharo-100, Michuholgu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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