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Ricciardi R, De Fazi L, D'Anna G, Savino F, Ladurner E, Iodice A, Benelli G, Lucchi A. Simultaneous mating disruption of two moth pests of the vineyard (Lobesia botrana and Cryptoblabes gnidiella) through a biodegradable sex pheromone dispenser. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33980-w. [PMID: 38913260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33980-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) represent a threat to wine production in Mediterranean countries. In recent years, the development of new formulations promoted the spread of pheromone-based mating disruption (MD) as an effective tool for the management of several insect pests in different agricultural contexts. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of an experimental dispenser designed for simultaneous MD of these two pests. The biodegradable double-tube dispenser (Isonet® L CG-BIOX235) was tested for two years in two Italian wine-growing sites, the first in Apulia (Southern Italy), and the second in Tuscany (Central Italy). Isonet® L CG-BIOX235 efficacy was evaluated by testing different doses (i.e., 300, 400, and 500 dispensers/ha), on different varieties (i.e., Aglianico, Syrah, and Viognier), and comparing it with an untreated control. The MD performed using this dispenser significantly reduced the infestation of both L. botrana (i.e., percentage of infested bunches and number of nests per bunch) and C. gnidiella compared to the untreated control, although the occurrence of the latter fluctuated throughout the two-year trials. Overall, although our results underline the possibility of combining the pheromones of the two pests in a single dispenser for their simultaneous MD, they also highlight the need for further studies on some aspects of C. gnidiella biology and consequently improve the MD efficacy against this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Ricciardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Livia De Fazi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giordana D'Anna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Savino
- CBC (Europe) Srl, Biogard Division, Via Zanica, 25, Grassobbio, BG, Italy
| | - Edith Ladurner
- CBC (Europe) Srl, Biogard Division, Via Zanica, 25, Grassobbio, BG, Italy
| | - Andrea Iodice
- CBC (Europe) Srl, Biogard Division, Via Zanica, 25, Grassobbio, BG, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Zeledon EV, Baxt LA, Khan TA, Michino M, Miller M, Huggins DJ, Jiang CS, Vosshall LB, Duvall LB. Next Generation Neuropeptide Y Receptor Small Molecule Agonists Inhibit Mosquito Biting Behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582529. [PMID: 38464241 PMCID: PMC10925335 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can spread disease-causing pathogens when they bite humans to obtain blood nutrients required for egg production. Following a complete blood meal, host-seeking is suppressed until eggs are laid. Neuropeptide Y-like Receptor 7 (NPYLR7) plays a role in endogenous host-seeking suppression and previous work identified small molecule NPYLR7 agonists that suppress host-seeking and blood feeding when fed to mosquitoes at high micromolar doses. Using structure activity relationship analysis and structure-guided design we synthesized 128 compounds with similarity to known NPYLR7 agonists. Although in vitro potency (EC50) was not strictly predictive of in vivo effect, we identified 3 compounds that suppressed blood feeding from a live host when fed to mosquitoes at a 1 μM dose, a 100-fold improvement over the original reference compound. Exogenous activation of NPYLR7 represents an innovative vector control strategy to block mosquito biting behavior and prevent mosquito/human host interactions that lead to pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emely V. Zeledon
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York NY 10065, USA
| | - Leigh A. Baxt
- Sanders Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Tanweer A. Khan
- Sanders Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Mayako Michino
- Sanders Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Sanders Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - David J. Huggins
- Sanders Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York NY 10065, USA
| | - Caroline S. Jiang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leslie B. Vosshall
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York NY 10065, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York NY 10065, USA
- Kavli Neural Systems Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laura B. Duvall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York NY 10027, USA
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Benelli G, Ricciardi R, Cosci F, Iodice A, Ladurner E, Savino F, Lucchi A. Sex Pheromone Aerosol Emitters for Lobesia botrana Mating Disruption in Italian Vineyards. INSECTS 2023; 14:270. [PMID: 36975955 PMCID: PMC10052093 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great amount of information on the European Grapevine Moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and the effective strategies available for its management, this moth remains the main key pest damaging grapevines in the Mediterranean and Central Europe wine-growing areas. Synthesizing and manipulating its sex pheromone components fostered the development of new dispensers to boost the effectiveness and sustainability of mating disruption (MD) programs. Recent MD research has highlighted that the effectiveness of aerosol emitters is comparable to that of passive dispensers when applied in large, uniform sites such as Spanish vineyards. However, aerosol emitters that are equally effective in geographical areas characterized by small-sized vineyards, typical of many Italian regions, have not received enough research attention. To face this challenge, herein the experimental aerosol emitter (product code: Isonet® L MISTERX843) was tested at three different application rates (i.e., 2, 3 and 4 units/ha) in three study sites, two in Tuscany (Central Italy in 2017 and 2018) and one in Emilia-Romagna (Northern Italy in 2017), respectively, for a total of five trials. To assess the efficacy of this novel MD aerosol emitter, three different application densities were compared with an untreated control and two grower's standards. The latter were represented by passive (Isonet® L TT) and active (Checkmate® Puffer® LB) release dispensers, already on the market for EGVM MD and applied at, respectively, 200-300 and 2.5-4 units/ha. MD carried out with Isonet® L MISTERX843 led to zero catches of males in the pheromone traps. They also allowed for a significant reduction in the number of infested flower clusters and bunches, as well as in the number of nests per flowers cluster/bunch, if compared to the untreated control. As a general trend, MD effectiveness was fully comparable, or even better, if compared to the grower's standard. In conclusion, our research pointed out that the Isonet® L MISTERX843 can allow for effective EGVM management in small-sized Italian vineyards. Lastly, our economic evaluation showed that the MD whole cost per hectare using active or passive release devices was comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Renato Ricciardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Francesca Cosci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy
| | - Andrea Iodice
- CBC (Europe) Srl, BIOGARD Division, Via Zanica, 25, 20050 Grassobbio, BG, Italy
| | - Edith Ladurner
- CBC (Europe) Srl, BIOGARD Division, Via Zanica, 25, 20050 Grassobbio, BG, Italy
| | - Francesco Savino
- CBC (Europe) Srl, BIOGARD Division, Via Zanica, 25, 20050 Grassobbio, BG, Italy
| | - Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, PI, Italy
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Delivery and effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito and tick control: current knowledge and research challenges. Acta Trop 2022; 234:106627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Desauziers V, Sicre E, Vignau-Laulhère J, Bourrigaud S, Plaisance H. Suspension of pheromone microcapsules on vine leaves acting as passive dispensers against pests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14975-14986. [PMID: 34623586 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pheromones are increasingly used as alternatives to pesticides to protect vineyards against L. botrana, a key grape pest. To diffuse (7E,9Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ylacetate, the L. botrana pheromone, passive, or aerosol dispensers are commonly applied. This paper deals with another method based on spraying an aqueous formulation, Lobesia Pro Spray, containing the pheromone encapsulated in a resin. The objectives were to assess the ability of vine leaves to act as pheromone dispensers and to check that encapsulation protects the plant from pheromone penetration. Laboratory testing based on an emission cell combined with airborne pheromone measurements by active sampling on sorbent tubes followed by ATD-GC-MS analysis was developed to accurately characterise the release of the pheromone into the air. Release kinetics analysis performed on the vine leaves showed a high pheromone release (about 30% of the sprayed quantity) the first day of the test. The release rate then decreased rapidly to reach about 650 mg/day/ha after 4 days. Kinetic modelling showed that it would be possible to maintain an effective airborne concentration of pheromone for approximately 12 days. Release tests were also carried out on glass, PVC and blotting paper. The results obtained showed that the vine leaves behaved as a non-absorbent material, implying that the pheromone used in the Lobesia Pro Spray formulation did not penetrate the plant. These first results prove the feasibility of using vine leaves as pheromone dispensers for a sprayed formulation and the ability to optimise the treatment conditions (dose and frequency) through laboratory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Desauziers
- IPREM, IMT Mines Ales, Universite de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Pau, France.
| | - Elodie Sicre
- M2i Development, Bâtiment ChemStart'Up Pôle 2, 2 allée Le Corbusier, Lacq, France
| | - Jane Vignau-Laulhère
- M2i Development, Bâtiment ChemStart'Up Pôle 2, 2 allée Le Corbusier, Lacq, France
| | - Sylvain Bourrigaud
- M2i Development, Bâtiment ChemStart'Up Pôle 2, 2 allée Le Corbusier, Lacq, France
| | - Hervé Plaisance
- IPREM, IMT Mines Ales, Universite de Pau Et Des Pays de L'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Pau, France
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Seixas M, Carlos C, Gonçalves F, Ferreira A, Salvação J, Oliveira JC, Torres L, Oliveira PS. Confusão sexual contra a traça-da-uva, Lobesia botrana, na região Demarcada do Douro usando dois modelos de difusores de feromona: ISONET-LTT BIO ® E ISONET-LTT ®. CIÊNCIA E TÉCNICA VITIVINÍCOLA 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/ctv/ctv20223701100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A confusão sexual é uma técnica inovadora de proteção biotécnica contra a traça-da-uva, Lobesia botrana, considerada praga-chave da vinha na Região Demarcada do Douro (RDD). O difusor ISONET-LTT®, desenvolvido pela Shin-Etsu Chemical Co, mostrou, em trabalhos recentes, ser eficaz na proteção da vinha contra L. botrana. Porém, a utilização repetida de difusores feitos à base de polietileno, gera um problema de natureza ambiental, pela acumulação de plástico na vinha. Recentemente, a mesma empresa desenvolveu um novo difusor feito com materiais biodegradáveis, o ISONET-LTT BIO®, semelhante aos tradicionais. No presente estudo, que decorreu durante 2020, pretendeu-se avaliar a eficácia destes dois modelos de difusores de feromona na proteção da vinha contra a traça-da-uva na RDD. Adicionalmente, foi também avaliado o efeito da altitude na evolução da quantidade de feromona libertada por cada modelo. De forma geral, os dois difusores permitiram uma redução da intensidade de ataque de L. botrana, nas três gerações, com exceção de algumas parcelas durante o terceiro voo e terceira geração. A evolução da quantidade de feromona libertada pelos difusores estudados prolongou-se até ao início de agosto. A avaliação da quantidade de feromona emitida, em miligramas por dia por hectare, permitiu identificar diferenças de perdas a cotas diferentes, com maior libertação nas cotas mais baixas. A aplicação do difusor biodegradável foi eficaz na proteção contra a traça-da-uva, podendo constituir uma alternativa viável para a redução de resíduos de plástico no ecossistema vitícola.
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Rizvi SAH, George J, Reddy GVP, Zeng X, Guerrero A. Latest Developments in Insect Sex Pheromone Research and Its Application in Agricultural Pest Management. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060484. [PMID: 34071020 PMCID: PMC8224804 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the first identification of the silkworm moth sex pheromone in 1959, significant research has been reported on identifying and unravelling the sex pheromone mechanisms of hundreds of insect species. In the past two decades, the number of research studies on new insect pheromones, pheromone biosynthesis, mode of action, peripheral olfactory and neural mechanisms, and their practical applications in Integrated Pest Management has increased dramatically. An interdisciplinary approach that uses the advances and new techniques in analytical chemistry, chemical ecology, neurophysiology, genetics, and evolutionary and molecular biology has helped us to better understand the pheromone perception mechanisms and its practical application in agricultural pest management. In this review, we present the most recent developments in pheromone research and its application in the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin George
- Southern Insect Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.G.); (G.V.P.R.)
| | - Gadi V. P. Reddy
- Southern Insect Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA; (J.G.); (G.V.P.R.)
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Angel Guerrero
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia-CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (A.G.)
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Ricciardi R, Di Giovanni F, Cosci F, Ladurner E, Savino F, Iodice A, Benelli G, Lucchi A. Mating Disruption for Managing the Honeydew Moth, Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Millière), in Mediterranean Vineyards. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050390. [PMID: 33925163 PMCID: PMC8145203 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cryptoblabes gnidiella has recently become one of the most feared pests in the Mediterranean grape-growing areas. Its expanding impact requires the development of effective strategies for its management. Since insecticide strategy has shown several weaknesses, we developed a pheromone-based mating disruption (MD) approach as a possible sustainable control technique for this pest. Between 2016 and 2019, field trials were carried out in two study sites in central and southern Italy, using experimental pheromone dispensers. The number of adult captures in pheromone-baited traps and the percentage of infestation recorded on ripening grapes were compared among plots treated with MD dispensers, insecticide-treated (no MD) plots, and untreated plots. Results highlighted that the application of MD may contribute to lowering the damage significantly. However, further studies aimed at clarifying the still little-known aspects of the biology and population dynamics of the honeydew moth are needed. Abstract The demand for a reduced use of pesticides in agriculture requires the development of specific strategies for managing arthropod pests. Among eco-friendly pest control tools, pheromone-based mating disruption (MD) is promising for controlling several key insect pests of economic importance, including many lepidopteran species. In our study, we evaluated an MD approach for managing the honeydew moth (HM), Cryptoblabes gnidiella, an emerging threat for the grapevine in the Mediterranean basin. The trials were carried out in two study sites, located in Tuscany (central Italy, years 2017–2019) and Apulia (southern Italy, years 2016 and 2018–2019), and by applying MD dispensers only in April, in April and July, and only in July. To evaluate the effects of MD, infested bunches (%), damaged area (%) per bunch, and number of living larvae per bunch were compared among plots covered with MD dispensers, insecticide-treated plots (Apulia only), and untreated control plots. Male flights were monitored using pheromone-baited sticky traps. Except for the sampling carried out in Tuscany in 2018, where HM infestation level was very low, a significant difference was recorded between MD and control plots, both in terms of HM damage caused to ripening grapes and/or number of living larvae per bunch. Overall, our study highlighted that MD, irrespective of the application timing, significantly reduced HM damage; the levels of control achieved here were similar to those obtained with the application of insecticides (no MD). However, MD used as stand-alone strategy was not able to provide complete pest control, which may instead be pursued by growers with an IPM approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Ricciardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.R.); (F.D.G.); (F.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Filippo Di Giovanni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.R.); (F.D.G.); (F.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesca Cosci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.R.); (F.D.G.); (F.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Edith Ladurner
- CBC (Europe) srl, Biogard Division, via Zanica, 25, 24050 Grassobbio, Italy; (E.L.); (F.S.); (A.I.)
| | - Francesco Savino
- CBC (Europe) srl, Biogard Division, via Zanica, 25, 24050 Grassobbio, Italy; (E.L.); (F.S.); (A.I.)
| | - Andrea Iodice
- CBC (Europe) srl, Biogard Division, via Zanica, 25, 24050 Grassobbio, Italy; (E.L.); (F.S.); (A.I.)
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.R.); (F.D.G.); (F.C.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2216141
| | - Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.R.); (F.D.G.); (F.C.); (A.L.)
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Kalia VC, Singh Patel SK, Shanmugam R, Lee JK. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Trends and advances toward biotechnological applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 326:124737. [PMID: 33515915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are an integral part of most of the daily requirements. Indiscriminate usage and disposal have led to the accumulation of massive quantities of waste. Their non-biodegradable nature makes it increasingly difficult to manage and dispose them. To counter this impending disaster, biodegradable polymers, especially polyhydroxy-alkanoates (PHAs), have been envisaged as potential alternatives. Owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics, PHAs are gaining importance for versatile applications in the agricultural and medical sectors. Applications in the medical sector are more promising because of their commercial viability and sustainability. Despite such potential, their production and commercialization are significant challenges. The major limitations are their poor mechanical strength, production in small quantities, costly feed, and lack of facilities for industrial production. This article provides an overview of the contemporary progress in the field, to attract researchers and stakeholders to further exploit these renewable resources to produce biodegradable plastics on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ramasamy Shanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Podgornaya M, Prakh S, Vasilchenko A, Didenko N. Biorational method for controlling the abundance of Cydia pomonella L. in apple agrocenoses of the Krasnodar region. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213404013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the region of Krasnodar Territory, Cydia pomonella L. belongs to the dominant pests of the apple tree, against which 8-10 treatments with insecticides are carried out during the growing season. In world practice, pheromones Shin-Etsu® MD CTT, D and BRIZ® are used in apple agrocenoses for the control of C. pomonella. abstention or reduction of insecticidal treatments leads to a decrease in the pesticide load on the agrocenosis of the garden by a factor of two or more. The objective of our research was to determine the biological pheromones effectiveness in controlling C. pomonella quantity. The test was carried out in two horticultural zones of the Krasnodar Territory, in areas with different numbers of phytophage. The experiment as a result, it was found that in the experimental plots the percentage of damaged fruits in the drop was 1.3-1.5%. Fruit damage wasn’t observed in a removable crop, which corresponds to the results of the standard version, with the use of insecticidal treatments. It was found that the pheromones usage in the Black Sea horticultural zone of the Krasnodar Territory is economically feasible. Сost reduction for the purchase of insecticides amounted to 9089.2 rub/ha, a decrease in pesticide load by 70%.
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Benelli G, Ricciardi R, Romano D, Cosci F, Stefanini C, Lucchi A. Wing-fanning frequency as a releaser boosting male mating success-High-speed video analysis of courtship behavior in Campoplex capitator, a parasitoid of Lobesia botrana. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:1298-1310. [PMID: 31789469 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Campoplex capitator is an ichneumonid parasitoid with a narrow host range, comprising grapevine moth pests. Despite being considered one of the possible candidates for biocontrol of Lobesia botrana, knowledge about its biology is limited and mass-rearing for commercial purposes is still lacking. This research provides a quantitative analysis of the C. capitator courtship and mating behavior. C. capitator mating sequence was analyzed by high-speed video recordings. Main behavioral parameters, with special reference to male wing fanning and antennal tapping, were quantified and linked with mating success. Furthermore, we analyzed the occurrence of population-level behavioral asymmetries during C. capitator sexual interactions and their impact on male success. Results showed that male wing fanning was crucial to successfully approach the female. Males achieving higher mating success performed wing-fanning at higher frequencies over unsuccessful ones. After wing fanning, most of males palpated the female's body with their antennae, before attempting copulation. The overall mating success was >70%, with a rather long copula duration (254.76 ± 14.21 s). Male wing-fanning was lateralized on the left at population level, while antennal tapping displays were right-biased. Side-biased male displays do not differ in terms of frequency and duration of their main features. This research adds basic knowledge to the C. capitator behavioral ecology. Since rearing protocols for C. capitator are being developed, male wing fanning frequency may represent a useful benchmark for monitoring mate quality over time, tackling mating success reductions due to prolonged mass-rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Renato Ricciardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Donato Romano
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & A.I., Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cosci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cesare Stefanini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & A.I., Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
- HEIC Center, BME Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Tacoli F, Cargnus E, Zandigiacomo P, Pavan F. Side Effects of Sulfur Dust on the European Grapevine Moth Lobesia botrana and the Predatory Mite Kampimodromus aberrans in Vineyards. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110825. [PMID: 33238602 PMCID: PMC7700647 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the impact of synthetic insecticides on human health and the environment, eco-friendly alternatives must be investigated. Knowledge of the side effects on pests and natural enemies of natural products applied to vineyards is very useful. Sulfur dust, which is used in vineyards to control powdery mildew, is investigated in laboratory and field bioassays for its effects on Lobesia botrana egg laying, egg hatching, and larval settlement. In field trials, the efficacy of sulfur dust against the two L. botrana carpophagous generations is compared with that of Bacillus thuringiensis and kaolin, and its side effects on the phytoseiid mite Kampimodromus aberrans are evaluated. In the bioassays, sulfur dust reduced female survival by 43%, egg laying by around 80%, egg hatching by 10%, and larval settlement by 55%. In field trials, sulfur dust caused a significant decrease in the number of L. botrana larval nests of both generations, even though the efficacy was lower than that of B. thuringiensis. No negative effects of sulfur dust on the predatory mite population density was observed. On the basis of these results, in the context of Integrated Pest Management strategies in vineyards, the activity of sulfur dust against L. botrana could be exploited by timing its application to the beginning of egg laying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesco Pavan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0432-558-504; Fax: +39-0432-558-501
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Can Mating Disruption Be a Possible Route to Control Plum Fruit Moth in Mediterranean Environments? INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090589. [PMID: 32882909 PMCID: PMC7564571 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Grapholita funebrana is a main pest of plum throughout the Palearctic region. The management of this pest is generally carried out with chemical insecticides. In this study we investigated the suitability of the mating disruption as alternative method of control of this pest. Experiments were carried out in organic plum orchards during 2012 and 2014. Trap catches and fruit sampling were carried out to estimate the efficacy of this technique in reducing males catch and fruit infestation. The results indicated that the males caught in traps placed in the treatment plots was always significantly lower than untreated plots. The chemical analysis of the pheromone emission from the dispenser, carried out by solid-phase micro-extraction followed by gas chromatography, indicated an optimal duration of these tool for at least 60 days of field exposure. Fruit sampling evidenced that pheromone treatment significantly reduced fruit infestation, but not economic damage, particularly on the cultivar for which a high susceptibility to the moth infestation is known. Abstract Control of the plum fruit moth, Grapholita funebrana Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), has been mainly based on the use of chemical insecticides, which can cause undesirable side effects, leading to a growing interest towards alternative sustainable strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the mating disruption technique on G. funebrana infestation in plum orchards, by comparing the number of male captures in pheromone-baited traps, and evaluating the damage to fruits in plots treated with the pheromone dispersers and in control plots. The study was carried out in 2012 and 2014 in three organic plum orchards, on the cultivars Angeleno, Friar, President and Stanley. To evaluate the pheromone emission curve of the dispensers from the openings to the end of the trials, a chemical analysis was carried out by solid phase micro-extraction followed by gas chromatography, followed by mass spectrometry. In all years and orchards the mean number of males caught in traps placed in the treatment plots was always significantly lower than untreated plots. Pheromone emission from the dispensers was highest at the opening, and was still considerable at 54 days of field exposure, while it significantly decreased after 72 days of field exposure. Cultivar was confirmed to be an essential factor in determining the fruit infestation level. Pheromone treatment significantly reduced fruit infestation, but not economic damage.
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Gavara A, Vacas S, Navarro I, Primo J, Navarro-Llopis V. Airborne Pheromone Quantification in Treated Vineyards with Different Mating Disruption Dispensers against Lobesia botrana. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11050289. [PMID: 32397370 PMCID: PMC7291346 DOI: 10.3390/insects11050289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mating disruption (MD) is widely used against the European grapevine moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller; Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by installing passive dispensers or aerosol devices. The present work reports a new sampling and quantification methodology to obtain absolute data about field airborne pheromone concentration based on air samplings and sensitive chromatographic-spectroscopic methods. Samplings were performed in fields treated with passive dispensers or aerosol devices at different moments throughout the crop cycle to study how they act and how the disruption is triggered. Moreover, pheromone adsorption and releasing capacity of vine leaves were studied to elucidate their role in the disruption. Although both types of dispensers were effective in limiting the damage inflicted by EGVM, they performed differently and provided different airborne pheromone concentration profiles. Results also proved that leaves were able to adsorb and release part of the airborne pheromone acting as subsequent and additional pheromone sources. This fact could explain the different concentration profiles. Moreover, our results suggest that lower pheromone emission than that of the current passive dispensers still could provide an adequate performance in the field. Competitive mechanisms involved in MD using both dispensers, the dynamics of the airborne pheromone throughout the time and the importance of the canopy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Gavara
- Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola, Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Edificio 6C, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (S.V.); (V.N.-L.)
| | - Sandra Vacas
- Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola, Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Edificio 6C, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (S.V.); (V.N.-L.)
| | - Ismael Navarro
- Ecología y Protección Agrícola SL, Pol. Ind. Ciutat de Carlet, 46240 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Jaime Primo
- Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola, Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Edificio 6C, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Vicente Navarro-Llopis
- Centro de Ecología Química Agrícola, Instituto Agroforestal del Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Edificio 6C, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (S.V.); (V.N.-L.)
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15
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Pest Management and Ochratoxin A Contamination in Grapes: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050303. [PMID: 32392817 PMCID: PMC7290310 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most toxic member of ochratoxins, a group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi. The most relevant species involved in OTA production in grapes is Aspergillus carbonarius. Berry infection by A. carbonarius is enhanced by damage to the skin caused by abiotic and biotic factors. Insect pests play a major role in European vineyards, and Lepidopteran species such as the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana are undoubtedly crucial. New scenarios are also emerging due to the introduction and spread of allochthonous pests as well as climate change. Such pests may be involved in the dissemination of OTA producing fungi even if confirmation is still lacking and further studies are needed. An OTA predicting model is available, but it should be integrated with models aimed at forecasting L. botrana phenology and demography in order to improve model reliability.
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16
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Duvall LB, Ramos-Espiritu L, Barsoum KE, Glickman JF, Vosshall LB. Small-Molecule Agonists of Ae. aegypti Neuropeptide Y Receptor Block Mosquito Biting. Cell 2019; 176:687-701.e5. [PMID: 30735632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes bite humans to obtain blood to develop their eggs. Remarkably, their strong attraction to humans is suppressed for days after the blood meal by an unknown mechanism. We investigated a role for neuropeptide Y (NPY)-related signaling in long-term behavioral suppression and discovered that drugs targeting human NPY receptors modulate mosquito host-seeking. In a screen of all 49 predicted Ae. aegypti peptide receptors, we identified NPY-like receptor 7 (NPYLR7) as the sole target of these drugs. To obtain small-molecule agonists selective for NPYLR7, we performed a high-throughput cell-based assay of 265,211 compounds and isolated six highly selective NPYLR7 agonists that inhibit mosquito attraction to humans. NPYLR7 CRISPR-Cas9 null mutants are defective in behavioral suppression and resistant to these drugs. Finally, we show that these drugs can inhibit biting and blood-feeding on a live host, suggesting a novel approach to control infectious disease transmission by controlling mosquito behavior. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Duvall
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lavoisier Ramos-Espiritu
- High-Throughput Screening and Spectroscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kyrollos E Barsoum
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Fraser Glickman
- High-Throughput Screening and Spectroscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leslie B Vosshall
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA; Kavli Neural Systems Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Sex Pheromone Aerosol Devices for Mating Disruption: Challenges for a Brighter Future. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10100308. [PMID: 31547095 PMCID: PMC6835568 DOI: 10.3390/insects10100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pheromone-mediated mating disruption (MD) represents an important tool to manage insect pests in agriculture and forestry. MD relies on the release of synthetic sex pheromones from dispensers in crops, interfering with mate finding and reproduction of a pest through both competitive and non-competitive mechanisms. MD programs primarily rely upon “passive” dispensers, used at high densities per hectare (200–3000 units∙ha−1). In addition to the labor required for their application, another disadvantage of “passive” dispensers is the continuous release of pheromones, regardless of the time of day or the pest flight activity. Aerosol delivery systems can overcome the drawbacks of passive dispensers as they are applied at far lower density (2–5 units∙ha−1) and they can be programmed to release pheromones at selected time intervals when the target pest is active. However, the mode of action of aerosol dispensers is still not well understood and there are concerns of whether they are as effective as passive dispensers. This review focuses on the history of aerosol dispensers, mode of action, and effectiveness on various crops; deployment strategies; and the movement of pheromone once released. Limitations of aerosols and challenges for future research and commercial use are discussed.
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Duvall LB. Mosquito Host-Seeking Regulation: Targets for Behavioral Control. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:704-714. [PMID: 31326312 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes require protein from blood to develop eggs. They have evolved a strong innate drive to find and bite humans and engorge on their blood. Decades of research have revealed that attraction to hosts is suppressed for days after blood-feeding. During this time, females coordinate complex physiological changes, allowing them to utilize blood protein to develop eggs: clearing excess fluid, digesting protein, and egg maturation. How do mechanosensation, nutrient consumption, and reproductive pathways combine to produce the full expression of host-seeking suppression? Understanding mechanisms of endogenous host-seeking suppression may allow them to be 'weaponized' against mosquitoes through exogenous activation and developed as tools for vector control. Recent work allows unprecedented genetic and pharmacological access to characterize and disrupt this behavioral cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Duvall
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Lucchi A, Suma P, Ladurner E, Iodice A, Savino F, Ricciardi R, Cosci F, Marchesini E, Conte G, Benelli G. Managing the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus, through pheromone-mediated mating disruption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10708-10718. [PMID: 30778939 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The vine mealybug (VMB), Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a key insect pest of vineyards. While pheromone-based mating disruption (MD) has been successfully tested against a wide range of insect pests, knowledge about its efficacy against key mealybug species, such as P. ficus, is scarce. In this study, a novel MD product, Isonet® PF, was evaluated by testing 300, 400, and 500 dispensers/ha at four study sites located in Northern (Veneto) and Southern (Sicily) Italy. Experiments were carried out over 2 years by monitoring the mealybug populations in wine grape and table grape vineyards managed with and without the application of MD. Pheromone dispensers were periodically collected during the grapevine-growing season, extracted, and analyzed by GC-MS, to determine their pheromone content and the release in mg/ha/day. The results showed that use of the MD dispenser Isonet® PF reduced the percentage of VMB-infested bunches and the number of VMB specimens per bunch compared with the untreated controls. This was recorded over 2 years at all experimental sites. Differences in the incidence of infested bunches among the three tested rates of Isonet® PF were not detected. Overall, the results presented here contribute to optimizing the sex pheromone dosage used in MD control programs against VMB allowing a reduction of broad-spectrum insecticides currently employed to manage this important pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pompeo Suma
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, via S. Sofia, 100, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Edith Ladurner
- Biogard Division, CBC (Europe) Srl, via E. Majorana 2, 20834, Nova Milanese, MB, Italy
| | - Andrea Iodice
- Biogard Division, CBC (Europe) Srl, via E. Majorana 2, 20834, Nova Milanese, MB, Italy
| | - Francesco Savino
- Biogard Division, CBC (Europe) Srl, via E. Majorana 2, 20834, Nova Milanese, MB, Italy
| | - Renato Ricciardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Cosci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrico Marchesini
- AGREA S.r.l. Centro Studi, via Garibaldi 5/16, 37057, San Giovanni Lupatoto, VR, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
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Cocco A, Muscas E, Mura A, Iodice A, Savino F, Lentini A. Influence of mating disruption on the reproductive biology of the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), under field conditions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2806-2816. [PMID: 29737603 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mating disruption is increasingly being used to control the worldwide grapevine pest vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), its mode of action remains unclear. A 3-year field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of mating disruption on the development and reproduction of the vine mealybug. The influence of mating disruption applied over consecutive years on the pest population density was also evaluated. RESULTS The percentage of ovipositing females was significantly reduced in disrupted plots by 18.8-66.2%, depending on the year. The absence of ovipositing females in disrupted plots in the autumn of the second and third years indicates the effectiveness of mating disruption throughout the whole growing season. Mating disruption consistently prolonged the pre-oviposition period in all years by up to 12.5 days. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the pheromone-based control of the vine mealybug and indicate that the reduction of the pest population density is attributable to both a decrease and a delay in female mating. In addition, the population density of vine mealybugs under mating disruption decreased over the years, indicating that consecutive applications of this control strategy would significantly increase the effectiveness of control of the vine mealybug by mating disruption. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Cocco
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Research Unit Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Enrico Muscas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Research Unit Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mura
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Research Unit Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Iodice
- CBC (Europe) Srl, Biogard Division, Nova Milanese, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Lentini
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Research Unit Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Lucchi A, Sambado P, Juan Royo AB, Bagnoli B, Conte G, Benelli G. Disrupting mating of Lobesia botrana using sex pheromone aerosol devices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22196-22204. [PMID: 29804248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2341-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pheromone-mediated mating disruption (MD) is widely used as a control tool to manage the European grapevine moth (EGVM), Lobesia botrana. Most of the MD formulations are "passive" reservoir dispensers, which need to be used at a rather large number of units per hectare. A promising alternative is represented by automatic aerosol devices, releasing pheromone puffs at programmed time intervals. Herein, we investigated the effectiveness of MD aerosol product Isonet® L MisterX841 in reducing EGVM infestation on grape in comparison to the reference MD product Isonet® L and the grower's standard. Experiments were carried out over 2 years in two different study sites of Aragon region (Spain). EGVM male catches were monitored using traps baited with the female sex pheromone. The effectiveness of MD formulations against the three generations of EGVM was assessed by determining the percentage of infested bunches and the number of nests per bunch. As expected, a much greater amount of male catches in the grower's standard over Isonet® L MisterX841 and Isonet ® L was observed. No significant differences about EGVM male catches were found in vineyards where Isonet® L MisterX841 and Isonet® L were used. EGVM-infested bunches, as well as number of nests per bunch, were higher in the grower's standard, if compared to vineyards where we tested Isonet® L MisterX841 and Isonet® L. However, the employ of the latter led to a lower EGVM bunch infestation, if compared to Isonet® L MisterX841. Overall, the MD approach proposed here is effective against EGVM. These aerosol devices require a lower number of units per hectare if compared to hand-applied dispensers, saving labor costs and contributing to reduce plastic disposal in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Sambado
- CBC Iberia S.A., Av. Diagonal 605, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bruno Bagnoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis s.n.c., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Conte
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
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Lucchi A, Benelli G. Towards pesticide-free farming? Sharing needs and knowledge promotes Integrated Pest Management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:13439-13445. [PMID: 29654458 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
- The BioRobotics Institute, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
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