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Liu X, Hadiatullah H, Zhang X, Trechera P, Savadkoohi M, Garcia-Marlès M, Reche C, Pérez N, Beddows DCS, Salma I, Thén W, Kalkavouras P, Mihalopoulos N, Hueglin C, Green DC, Tremper AH, Chazeau B, Gille G, Marchand N, Niemi JV, Manninen HE, Portin H, Zikova N, Ondracek J, Norman M, Gerwig H, Bastian S, Merkel M, Weinhold K, Casans A, Casquero-Vera JA, Gómez-Moreno FJ, Artíñano B, Gini M, Diapouli E, Crumeyrolle S, Riffault V, Petit JE, Favez O, Putaud JP, Santos SMD, Timonen H, Aalto PP, Hussein T, Lampilahti J, Hopke PK, Wiedensohler A, Harrison RM, Petäjä T, Pandolfi M, Alastuey A, Querol X. Ambient air particulate total lung deposited surface area (LDSA) levels in urban Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165466. [PMID: 37451445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to picture the phenomenology of urban ambient total lung deposited surface area (LDSA) (including head/throat (HA), tracheobronchial (TB), and alveolar (ALV) regions) based on multiple path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model during 2017-2019 period collected from urban background (UB, n = 15), traffic (TR, n = 6), suburban background (SUB, n = 4), and regional background (RB, n = 1) monitoring sites in Europe (25) and USA (1). Briefly, the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the deposition of LDSA, including diel, weekly, and seasonal patterns, were analyzed. Then, the relationship between LDSA and other air quality metrics at each monitoring site was investigated. The result showed that the peak concentrations of LDSA at UB and TR sites are commonly observed in the morning (06:00-8:00 UTC) and late evening (19:00-22:00 UTC), coinciding with traffic rush hours, biomass burning, and atmospheric stagnation periods. The only LDSA night-time peaks are observed on weekends. Due to the variability of emission sources and meteorology, the seasonal variability of the LDSA concentration revealed significant differences (p = 0.01) between the four seasons at all monitoring sites. Meanwhile, the correlations of LDSA with other pollutant metrics suggested that Aitken and accumulation mode particles play a significant role in the total LDSA concentration. The results also indicated that the main proportion of total LDSA is attributed to the ALV fraction (50 %), followed by the TB (34 %) and HA (16 %). Overall, this study provides valuable information of LDSA as a predictor in epidemiological studies and for the first time presenting total LDSA in a variety of European urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Liu
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Xun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Hotan Normal College. Hotan 848000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Pedro Trechera
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marjan Savadkoohi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering (EMIT), Manresa School of Engineering (EPSEM), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08242 Manresa, Spain
| | - Meritxell Garcia-Marlès
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Applied Physics-Meteorology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Pérez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Imre Salma
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wanda Thén
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Panayiotis Kalkavouras
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Mihalopoulos
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph Hueglin
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - David C Green
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Anja H Tremper
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Benjamin Chazeau
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Gille
- AtmoSud, Regional Network for Air Quality Monitoring of Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jarkko V Niemi
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Portin
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nadezda Zikova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Rozvojova, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Rozvojova, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Norman
- Environment and Health Administration, SLB-analys, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger Gerwig
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Merkel
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kay Weinhold
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Casans
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Gini
- ENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Diapouli
- ENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Suzanne Crumeyrolle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA), Lille, France
| | - Véronique Riffault
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Eudes Petit
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Favez
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | | | - Hilkka Timonen
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi P Aalto
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tareq Hussein
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland; Environmental and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Janne Lampilahti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marco Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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Chen TL, Lai CH, Chen YC, Ho YH, Chen AY, Hsiao TC. Source-oriented risk and lung-deposited surface area (LDSA) of ultrafine particles in a Southeast Asia urban area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161733. [PMID: 36682561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Submicron and ultrafine particle (UFP) exposure may be epidemiologically and toxicologically linked to pulmonary, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. This study explores UFP and fine particle sources using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model based on PM2.5 chemical compositions and particle number size distributions (PNSDs). The particle chemical composition and size distribution contributions are simultaneously identified to evaluate lung deposition and excess cancer risks. High correlations between the PNSD and chemical composition apportionment results were observed. Fresh and aged traffic particles dominated the number concentrations, while heterogeneous, photochemical reactions and/or regional transport may have resulted in secondary aerosol formation. Fresh and aged road traffic particle sources mostly contributed to the lung deposition dosage in the pulmonary region (~53 %), followed by the tracheobronchial (~30.4 %) and head regions (~16.6 %). However, lung-deposited surface area (LDSA) concentrations were dominated by aged road traffic (~39.2 %) and secondary aerosol (~33.2 %) sources. The excess cancer risks caused by Cr6+, Ni, and As were also mainly contributed to by aged road traffic (~31.7 %) and secondary aerosols (~67 %). The source apportionments based on the physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles are complementary, offering a health impact benchmark of UFPs in a Southeast Asia urban city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Lun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chen-Hao Lai
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Ho
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Albert Y Chen
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Centre for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rahimi E, Shekarian Y, Shekarian N, Roghanchi P. Investigation of respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) and respirable crystalline silica (RCS) in the U.S. underground and surface coal mines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1767. [PMID: 36720966 PMCID: PMC9889769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dust is an inherent byproduct of mining activities that raises notable health and safety concerns. Cumulative inhalation of respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) and respirable crystalline silica (RCS) can lead to obstructive lung diseases. Despite considerable efforts to reduce dust exposure by decreasing the permissible exposure limits (PEL) and improving the monitoring techniques, the rate of mine workers with respiratory diseases is still high. The root causes of the high prevalence of respiratory diseases remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate contributing factors in RCMD and RCS dust concentrations in both surface and underground mines. To this end, a data management approach is performed on MSHA's database between 1989 and 2018 using SQL data management. In this process, all data were grouped by mine ID, and then, categories of interests were defined to conduct statistical analysis using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) model. The total number of 12,537 and 9050 observations for respirable dust concentration are included, respectively, in the U.S. underground and surface mines. Several variables were defined in four categories of interest including mine type, geographic location, mine size, and coal seam height. Hypotheses were developed for each category based on the research model and were tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis indicate higher RCMD concentration in underground compared to RCS concentration which is found to be relatively higher in surface coal mines. In addition, RCMD concentration is seen to be higher in the Interior region while RCS is higher in the Appalachia region. Moreover, mines of small sizes show lower RCMD and higher RCS concentrations. Finally, thin-seam coal has greater RCMD and RCS concentrations compared to thicker seams in both underground and surface mines. In the end, it is demonstrated that RCMD and RCS concentrations in both surface and underground mines have decreased. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of the current mass-concentration-based monitoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Rahimi
- Department of Mineral Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA
- John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Earth and Mineral Sciences (EMS) Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Younes Shekarian
- Department of Mineral Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA
- John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, Earth and Mineral Sciences (EMS) Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Naser Shekarian
- Department of Information System, Business School, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Pedram Roghanchi
- Department of Mineral Engineering, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA.
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Voliotis A, Bezantakos S, Besis A, Shao Y, Samara C. Mass dose rates of particle-bound organic pollutants in the human respiratory tract: Implications for inhalation exposure and risk estimations. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 234:113710. [PMID: 33618174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To date, little is known about the effective doses of airborne particulate matter (PM) and PM-bound hazardous organic components to the human respiratory tract (HRT). In the light of this, here we provide particle mass dose rates (dose per hour of exposure) of PM and a suite of PM-bound hazardous organic compounds in the HRT for two population age groups (adults & children). More specifically, the mass dose rates of PM and PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrated-PAH (NPAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were estimated at two urban sites using a multiple path particle dosimetry model. We find that, in most cases, the total mass doses are following similar variations across sites and seasons as their ambient total concentrations, however their distribution in the HRT is a function of the particle size distributions and the physiological parameters of each age group. More specifically, the majority of the deposited mass of PM and all the chemical components investigated was accumulated in the upper airways instead of the lungs. We further show that children, due to their different physiology, are more susceptible and receive larger fraction of the total mass doses in the deepest parts of the lungs compared to the adults' group. Comparing the traditional method for estimating the inhalation risk, which is based on the ambient concentration of pollutants, and a modified version using the mass dose in the HRT, we find that the former may overestimate the reported risks. The results presented here provide a novel dataset composed by previously undetermined doses of hazardous airborne particulate organic components in the HRT and demonstrate that alternative health risk estimation approaches may capture some variabilities that are traditionally overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Voliotis
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, M139PL, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Spyridon Bezantakos
- Advanced Integrated Technology Solutions and Services (ADITESS) LTD, Nicosia, 2064, Cyprus; Energy Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, 1645, Cyprus
| | - Athanasios Besis
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yunqi Shao
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, M139PL, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Constantini Samara
- Department of Chemistry, Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Yin S, Lyu J, Zhang X, Han Y, Zhu Y, Sun N, Sun W, Liu C. Coagulation effect of aero submicron particles on plant leaves: Measuring methods and potential mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113611. [PMID: 31761582 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aero submicron particles (d < 1 μm) have attracted widely attention due to their difficulty in removal from the air and serious threat to human health. Leaves are considered as important organs to purify particulate matter and alleviate air pollution. However, the current research mainly focuses on the removal capacity of particulate matter by urban plants at different scales, there are relatively few studies on the change of particle diameter at the air-leaf interface during this process. This study is one of the first to propose the existence of coagulation effect of aero submicron particles on the leaves, and a sweep-resuspension method and X-ray microscope were used to measure such size changes of two typical subtropical broad-leaf plants. The results showed that the size of submicron particles increased significantly during the migration from atmosphere to leaf surface: the average particle size increased from 0.48 μm at emission to 3.40 μm on the leaf surface, while the proportion of submicron particles decreased from 95% to less than 20%. The sweep-resuspension method was easy to implement, the data was easy to obtain, and the cost was low, therefore it could be widely used in the determination of the coagulation effect. The coagulation effect was also inferred as an important mechanism used by plants to reduce particulate matter. In the process of particulate removal: coagulation effect and dry deposition are actually two steps that occur simultaneously and interact. This finding refined the understanding of particulate removal processing, and laid a foundation for further research on factors affecting coagulation, which can be helpful for optimizing tree species selection and plant arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Yangtze River Delta Ecology & Environmental Change and Control Research Station, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junyao Lyu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Yangtze River Delta Ecology & Environmental Change and Control Research Station, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuyi Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Yangtze River Delta Ecology & Environmental Change and Control Research Station, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yujie Han
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Forest Station, 1053-7 Hutai Rd., Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yanhua Zhu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ningxiao Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Yangtze River Delta Ecology & Environmental Change and Control Research Station, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Forest Station, 1053-7 Hutai Rd., Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Yangtze River Delta Ecology & Environmental Change and Control Research Station, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China.
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