1
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Garcia-Marlès M, Lara R, Reche C, Pérez N, Tobías A, Savadkoohi M, Beddows D, Salma I, Vörösmarty M, Weidinger T, Hueglin C, Mihalopoulos N, Grivas G, Kalkavouras P, Ondráček J, Zíková N, Niemi JV, Manninen HE, Green DC, Tremper AH, Norman M, Vratolis S, Eleftheriadis K, Gómez-Moreno FJ, Alonso-Blanco E, Wiedensohler A, Weinhold K, Merkel M, Bastian S, Hoffmann B, Altug H, Petit JE, Favez O, Dos Santos SM, Putaud JP, Dinoi A, Contini D, Timonen H, Lampilahti J, Petäjä T, Pandolfi M, Hopke PK, Harrison RM, Alastuey A, Querol X. Inter-annual trends of ultrafine particles in urban Europe. Environ Int 2024; 185:108510. [PMID: 38460241 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFP, those with diameters ≤ 100 nm), have been reported to potentially penetrate deeply into the respiratory system, translocate through the alveoli, and affect various organs, potentially correlating with increased mortality. The aim of this study is to assess long-term trends (5-11 years) in mostly urban UFP concentrations based on measurements of particle number size distributions (PNSD). Additionally, concentrations of other pollutants and meteorological variables were evaluated to support the interpretations. PNSD datasets from 12 urban background (UB), 5 traffic (TR), 3 suburban background (SUB) and 1 regional background (RB) sites in 15 European cities and 1 in the USA were evaluated. The non-parametric Theil-Sen's method was used to detect monotonic trends. Meta-analyses were carried out to assess the overall trends and those for different environments. The results showed significant decreases in NO, NO2, BC, CO, and particle concentrations in the Aitken (25-100 nm) and the Accumulation (100-800 nm) modes, suggesting a positive impact of the implementation of EURO 5/V and 6/VI vehicle standards on European air quality. The growing use of Diesel Particle Filters (DPFs) might also have clearly reduced exhaust emissions of BC, PM, and the Aitken and Accumulation mode particles. However, as reported by prior studies, there remains an issue of poor control of Nucleation mode particles (smaller than 25 nm), which are not fully reduced with current DPFs, without emission controls for semi-volatile organic compounds, and might have different origins than road traffic. Thus, contrasting trends for Nucleation mode particles were obtained across the cities studied. This mode also affected the UFP and total PNC trends because of the high proportion of Nucleation mode particles in both concentration ranges. It was also found that the urban temperature increasing trends might have also influenced those of PNC, Nucleation and Aitken modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Garcia-Marlès
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Applied Physics-Meteorology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
| | - Rosa Lara
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Pérez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelio Tobías
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marjan Savadkoohi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering (EMIT), Manresa School of Engineering (EPSEM), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Manresa 08242, Spain
| | - David Beddows
- Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Imre Salma
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Vörösmarty
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Weidinger
- Department of Meteorology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christoph Hueglin
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nikos Mihalopoulos
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 11810 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Grivas
- Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 11810 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Kalkavouras
- Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 11810 Athens, Greece; Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81100 Mytilene, Greece
| | - Jakub Ondráček
- Laboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 1, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nadĕžda Zíková
- Laboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 1, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarkko V Niemi
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), 00240 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), 00240 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David C Green
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Anja H Tremper
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Norman
- Environment and Health Administration, SLB-analys, Box 8136, 104 20 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stergios Vratolis
- ENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
- ENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Kay Weinhold
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maik Merkel
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG), Dresden, German
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hicran Altug
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean-Eudes Petit
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Favez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | | | - Adelaide Dinoi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of National Research Council, ISAC-CNR, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Contini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of National Research Council, ISAC-CNR, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Hilkka Timonen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Atmospheric Composition Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Lampilahti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Savadkoohi M, Pandolfi M, Favez O, Putaud JP, Eleftheriadis K, Fiebig M, Hopke PK, Laj P, Wiedensohler A, Alados-Arboledas L, Bastian S, Chazeau B, María ÁC, Colombi C, Costabile F, Green DC, Hueglin C, Liakakou E, Luoma K, Listrani S, Mihalopoulos N, Marchand N, Močnik G, Niemi JV, Ondráček J, Petit JE, Rattigan OV, Reche C, Timonen H, Titos G, Tremper AH, Vratolis S, Vodička P, Funes EY, Zíková N, Harrison RM, Petäjä T, Alastuey A, Querol X. Recommendations for reporting equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations based on long-term pan-European in-situ observations. Environ Int 2024; 185:108553. [PMID: 38460240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
A reliable determination of equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations derived from filter absorption photometers (FAPs) measurements depends on the appropriate quantification of the mass absorption cross-section (MAC) for converting the absorption coefficient (babs) to eBC. This study investigates the spatial-temporal variability of the MAC obtained from simultaneous elemental carbon (EC) and babs measurements performed at 22 sites. We compared different methodologies for retrieving eBC integrating different options for calculating MAC including: locally derived, median value calculated from 22 sites, and site-specific rolling MAC. The eBC concentrations that underwent correction using these methods were identified as LeBC (local MAC), MeBC (median MAC), and ReBC (Rolling MAC) respectively. Pronounced differences (up to more than 50 %) were observed between eBC as directly provided by FAPs (NeBC; Nominal instrumental MAC) and ReBC due to the differences observed between the experimental and nominal MAC values. The median MAC was 7.8 ± 3.4 m2 g-1 from 12 aethalometers at 880 nm, and 10.6 ± 4.7 m2 g-1 from 10 MAAPs at 637 nm. The experimental MAC showed significant site and seasonal dependencies, with heterogeneous patterns between summer and winter in different regions. In addition, long-term trend analysis revealed statistically significant (s.s.) decreasing trends in EC. Interestingly, we showed that the corresponding corrected eBC trends are not independent of the way eBC is calculated due to the variability of MAC. NeBC and EC decreasing trends were consistent at sites with no significant trend in experimental MAC. Conversely, where MAC showed s.s. trend, the NeBC and EC trends were not consistent while ReBC concentration followed the same pattern as EC. These results underscore the importance of accounting for MAC variations when deriving eBC measurements from FAPs and emphasize the necessity of incorporating EC observations to constrain the uncertainty associated with eBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Savadkoohi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Natural Resources & Environment, Industrial & TIC Engineering (EMIT-UPC), Manresa, Spain.
| | - Marco Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Olivier Favez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
- Environmental Radioactivity & Aerosol Technology for Atmospheric & Climate Impact Lab, INRaSTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Markus Fiebig
- Dept. Atmospheric and Climate Research, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA; Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Laj
- Univ. Grenoble, CNRS, IRD, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Lucas Alados-Arboledas
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology/Saxon State Department for Agricultural and Environmental Operations, Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin Chazeau
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Álvaro Clemente María
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Cristina Colombi
- Arpa Lombardia, Settore Monitoraggi Ambientali, Unità Operativa Qualità dell'Aria, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Costabile
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - David C Green
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK; HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Christoph Hueglin
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Liakakou
- Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Krista Luoma
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefano Listrani
- ARPA Lazio, Regional Environmental Protection Agency, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikos Mihalopoulos
- Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Griša Močnik
- Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, 5270, Slovenia; Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Jarkko V Niemi
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jakub Ondráček
- Laboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Eudes Petit
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Oliver V Rattigan
- Division of Air Resources, New York State Dept of Environmental Conservation, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hilkka Timonen
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gloria Titos
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Anja H Tremper
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Stergios Vratolis
- Environmental Radioactivity & Aerosol Technology for Atmospheric & Climate Impact Lab, INRaSTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Petr Vodička
- Laboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eduardo Yubero Funes
- Atmospheric Pollution Laboratory (LCA), Department of Applied Physics, Miguel Hernández University, Avenida de la Universidad S/N, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Naděžda Zíková
- Laboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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3
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van Pinxteren D, Engelhardt V, Mothes F, Poulain L, Fomba KW, Spindler G, Cuesta-Mosquera A, Tuch T, Müller T, Wiedensohler A, Löschau G, Bastian S, Herrmann H. Residential Wood Combustion in Germany: A Twin-Site Study of Local Village Contributions to Particulate Pollutants and Their Potential Health Effects. ACS Environ Au 2024; 4:12-30. [PMID: 38250341 PMCID: PMC10797685 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Residential wood combustion contributing to airborne particulate matter (PM10) was studied for 1 year at two sites in the village of Melpitz. Significant excess pollution was observed at the Melpitz center compared to that at the TROPOS research station Melpitz reference site, situated only 700 m away. Local concentration increments at the village site for the combustion PM constituents organic carbon, elemental carbon, levoglucosan, and benzo[a]pyrene were determined under appropriate wind directions, and their winter mean values were 0.7 μg m-3, 0.3 μg m-3, 0.1 μg m-3, and 0.4 ng m-3, representing relative increases over the regional background concentration of 24, 70, 61, and 107%, respectively. Yearly, weekly, and diurnal profiles of village increments suggest residential heating as the dominant source of this excess pollution, mainly originating from wood combustion. Receptor modeling using positive matrix factorization quantified 4.5 μg m-3 wood combustion PM at the village site, representing an increment of 1.9 μg m-3 and an increase of ∼75% over the 2.6 μg m-3 regional background wood combustion PM. This increment varied with season, temperature, and boundary layer height and reached daily mean values of 4-6 μg m-3 during unfavorable meteorological conditions. Potential health effects were estimated and resulted in an all-cause mortality from short-term exposure to wood combustion PM of 2.1 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year for areas with similar wood smoke levels as observed in Melpitz. The excess cancer risk from the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was 6.4 per 100,000. For both health metrics, the very local contributions from the village itself were about 40-50%, indicating a strong potential for mitigation through local-scale policies. A compilation of literature data demonstrates wood combustion to represent a major source of PM pollution in Germany, with average winter-time contributions of 10-20%. The present study quantifies the negative impacts of heating with wood in rural residential areas, where the continuous monitoring of air quality is typically lacking. Further regulation of this PM source is warranted in order to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik van Pinxteren
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vanessa Engelhardt
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Falk Mothes
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Khanneh Wadinga Fomba
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerald Spindler
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Cuesta-Mosquera
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Tuch
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alfred Wiedensohler
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunter Löschau
- Saxon
State Office for the Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG), Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon
State Office for the Environment, Agriculture, and Geology (LfULG), Pillnitzer Platz 3, 01326 Dresden Pillnitz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz
Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Liu X, Hadiatullah H, Zhang X, Trechera P, Savadkoohi M, Garcia-Marlès M, Reche C, Pérez N, Beddows DCS, Salma I, Thén W, Kalkavouras P, Mihalopoulos N, Hueglin C, Green DC, Tremper AH, Chazeau B, Gille G, Marchand N, Niemi JV, Manninen HE, Portin H, Zikova N, Ondracek J, Norman M, Gerwig H, Bastian S, Merkel M, Weinhold K, Casans A, Casquero-Vera JA, Gómez-Moreno FJ, Artíñano B, Gini M, Diapouli E, Crumeyrolle S, Riffault V, Petit JE, Favez O, Putaud JP, Santos SMD, Timonen H, Aalto PP, Hussein T, Lampilahti J, Hopke PK, Wiedensohler A, Harrison RM, Petäjä T, Pandolfi M, Alastuey A, Querol X. Ambient air particulate total lung deposited surface area (LDSA) levels in urban Europe. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165466. [PMID: 37451445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to picture the phenomenology of urban ambient total lung deposited surface area (LDSA) (including head/throat (HA), tracheobronchial (TB), and alveolar (ALV) regions) based on multiple path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model during 2017-2019 period collected from urban background (UB, n = 15), traffic (TR, n = 6), suburban background (SUB, n = 4), and regional background (RB, n = 1) monitoring sites in Europe (25) and USA (1). Briefly, the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of the deposition of LDSA, including diel, weekly, and seasonal patterns, were analyzed. Then, the relationship between LDSA and other air quality metrics at each monitoring site was investigated. The result showed that the peak concentrations of LDSA at UB and TR sites are commonly observed in the morning (06:00-8:00 UTC) and late evening (19:00-22:00 UTC), coinciding with traffic rush hours, biomass burning, and atmospheric stagnation periods. The only LDSA night-time peaks are observed on weekends. Due to the variability of emission sources and meteorology, the seasonal variability of the LDSA concentration revealed significant differences (p = 0.01) between the four seasons at all monitoring sites. Meanwhile, the correlations of LDSA with other pollutant metrics suggested that Aitken and accumulation mode particles play a significant role in the total LDSA concentration. The results also indicated that the main proportion of total LDSA is attributed to the ALV fraction (50 %), followed by the TB (34 %) and HA (16 %). Overall, this study provides valuable information of LDSA as a predictor in epidemiological studies and for the first time presenting total LDSA in a variety of European urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Liu
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Xun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Big Data Technology for Food Safety, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Hotan Normal College. Hotan 848000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Pedro Trechera
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marjan Savadkoohi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering (EMIT), Manresa School of Engineering (EPSEM), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08242 Manresa, Spain
| | - Meritxell Garcia-Marlès
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Applied Physics-Meteorology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Pérez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Imre Salma
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Wanda Thén
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Panayiotis Kalkavouras
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Mihalopoulos
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph Hueglin
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - David C Green
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Anja H Tremper
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Benjamin Chazeau
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Gille
- AtmoSud, Regional Network for Air Quality Monitoring of Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jarkko V Niemi
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Portin
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nadezda Zikova
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Rozvojova, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, v.v.i. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Rozvojova, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Norman
- Environment and Health Administration, SLB-analys, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger Gerwig
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Merkel
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kay Weinhold
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrea Casans
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Andrés Casquero-Vera
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Gini
- ENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Diapouli
- ENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 15310 Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Suzanne Crumeyrolle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA), Lille, France
| | - Véronique Riffault
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Université de Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Eudes Petit
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Favez
- Institut national de l'environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | | | - Hilkka Timonen
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi P Aalto
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tareq Hussein
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland; Environmental and Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Janne Lampilahti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marco Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Savadkoohi M, Pandolfi M, Reche C, Niemi JV, Mooibroek D, Titos G, Green DC, Tremper AH, Hueglin C, Liakakou E, Mihalopoulos N, Stavroulas I, Artiñano B, Coz E, Alados-Arboledas L, Beddows D, Riffault V, De Brito JF, Bastian S, Baudic A, Colombi C, Costabile F, Chazeau B, Marchand N, Gómez-Amo JL, Estellés V, Matos V, van der Gaag E, Gille G, Luoma K, Manninen HE, Norman M, Silvergren S, Petit JE, Putaud JP, Rattigan OV, Timonen H, Tuch T, Merkel M, Weinhold K, Vratolis S, Vasilescu J, Favez O, Harrison RM, Laj P, Wiedensohler A, Hopke PK, Petäjä T, Alastuey A, Querol X. The variability of mass concentrations and source apportionment analysis of equivalent black carbon across urban Europe. Environ Int 2023; 178:108081. [PMID: 37451041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the variability of equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations and their sources in urban Europe to provide insights into the use of eBC as an advanced air quality (AQ) parameter for AQ standards. This study compiled eBC mass concentration datasets covering the period between 2006 and 2022 from 50 measurement stations, including 23 urban background (UB), 18 traffic (TR), 7 suburban (SUB), and 2 regional background (RB) sites. The results highlighted the need for the harmonization of eBC measurements to allow for direct comparisons between eBC mass concentrations measured across urban Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited a decreasing trend as follows: TR > UB > SUB > RB. Furthermore, a clear decreasing trend in eBC concentrations was observed in the UB sites moving from Southern to Northern Europe. The eBC mass concentrations exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity, including marked differences in eBC mass concentration and variable contributions of pollution sources to bulk eBC between different cities. Seasonal patterns in eBC concentrations were also evident, with higher winter concentrations observed in a large proportion of cities, especially at UB and SUB sites. The contribution of eBC from fossil fuel combustion, mostly traffic (eBCT) was higher than that of residential and commercial sources (eBCRC) in all European sites studied. Nevertheless, eBCRC still had a substantial contribution to total eBC mass concentrations at a majority of the sites. eBC trend analysis revealed decreasing trends for eBCT over the last decade, while eBCRC remained relatively constant or even increased slightly in some cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Savadkoohi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering (EMIT), Manresa School of Engineering (EPSEM), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08242, Manresa, Spain.
| | - Marco Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jarkko V Niemi
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dennis Mooibroek
- Centre for Environmental Monitoring, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), the Netherlands
| | - Gloria Titos
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David C Green
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Anja H Tremper
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Christoph Hueglin
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Liakakou
- Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Mihalopoulos
- Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iasonas Stavroulas
- Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Begoña Artiñano
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Coz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Alados-Arboledas
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Beddows
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Véronique Riffault
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, Lille, France
| | - Joel F De Brito
- IMT Nord Europe, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Lille, Centre for Energy and Environment, Lille, France
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology/Saxon State Department for Agricultural and Environmental Operations, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexia Baudic
- AIRPARIF (Ile de France Air Quality Monitoring network), Paris, France
| | - Cristina Colombi
- Arpa Lombardia, Settore Monitoraggi Ambientali, Unità Operativa Qualità dell'Aria, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Costabile
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamin Chazeau
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - José Luis Gómez-Amo
- Solar Radiation Group. Dept. Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Víctor Estellés
- Solar Radiation Group. Dept. Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Violeta Matos
- Solar Radiation Group. Dept. Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ed van der Gaag
- DCMR Environmental Protection Agency, Department Air and Energy, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Grégory Gille
- AtmoSud, Regional Network for Air Quality Monitoring of Provence-Alpes-Cote-d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Krista Luoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Norman
- Environment and Health Administration, SLB-analysis, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanna Silvergren
- Environment and Health Administration, SLB-analysis, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Eudes Petit
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Oliver V Rattigan
- Division of Air Resources, New York State Dept of Environmental Conservation, NY, USA
| | - Hilkka Timonen
- Atmospheric Composition Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Tuch
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maik Merkel
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kay Weinhold
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stergios Vratolis
- Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Jeni Vasilescu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, Magurele, Romania
| | - Olivier Favez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paolo Laj
- Univ. Grenoble, CNRS, IRD, IGE, 38000 Grenoble, France; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Schwarz M, Schneider A, Cyrys J, Bastian S, Breitner S, Peters A. Impact of ultrafine particles and total particle number concentration on five cause-specific hospital admission endpoints in three German cities. Environ Int 2023; 178:108032. [PMID: 37352580 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have shown associations between daily concentrations of fine particles (e.g., particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm; PM2.5) and morbidity. However, evidence for ultrafine particles (UFP; particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10-100 nm) remains conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to examine the short-term associations of UFP with five cause-specific hospital admission endpoints for Leipzig, Dresden, and Augsburg, Germany. MATERIAL AND METHODS We obtained daily counts of (cause-specific) cardiorespiratory hospital admissions between 2010 and 2017. Daily average concentrations of UFP, total particle number (PNC; 10-800 nm), and black carbon (BC) were measured at six sites; PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were obtained from monitoring networks. We assessed immediate (lag 0-1), delayed (lag 2-4, lag 5-7), and cumulative (lag 0-7) effects by applying station-specific confounder-adjusted Poisson regression models. We then used a novel multi-level meta-analytical method to obtain pooled risk estimates. Finally, we performed two-pollutant models to investigate interdependencies between pollutants and examined possible effect modification by age, sex, and season. RESULTS UFP showed a delayed (lag 2-4) increase in respiratory hospital admissions of 0.69% [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.28%; 1.67%]. For other hospital admission endpoints, we found only suggestive results. Larger particle size fractions, such as accumulation mode particles (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 100-800 nm), generally showed stronger effects (respiratory hospital admissions & lag 2-4: 1.55% [95% CI: 0.86%; 2.25%]). PM2.5 showed the most consistent associations for (cardio-)respiratory hospital admissions, whereas NO2 did not show any associations. Two-pollutant models showed independent effects of PM2.5 and BC. Moreover, higher risks have been observed for children. CONCLUSIONS We observed clear associations with PM2.5 but UFP or PNC did not show a clear association across different exposure windows and cause-specific hospital admissions. Further multi-center studies are needed using harmonized UFP measurements to draw definite conclusions on the health effects of UFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schwarz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Schwarz M, Schneider A, Cyrys J, Bastian S, Breitner S, Peters A. Impact of Ambient Ultrafine Particles on Cause-Specific Mortality in Three German Cities. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1334-1344. [PMID: 36877186 PMCID: PMC10595437 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202209-1837oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with adverse effects on morbidity and mortality. However, the evidence for ultrafine particles (UFPs; 10-100 nm) based on epidemiological studies remains scarce and inconsistent. Objectives: We examined associations between short-term exposures to UFPs and total particle number concentrations (PNCs; 10-800 nm) and cause-specific mortality in three German cities: Dresden, Leipzig, and Augsburg. Methods: We obtained daily counts of natural, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality between 2010 and 2017. UFPs and PNCs were measured at six sites, and measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5; ⩽2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) and nitrogen dioxide were collected from routine monitoring. We applied station-specific confounder-adjusted Poisson regression models. We investigated air pollutant effects at aggregated lags (0-1, 2-4, 5-7, and 0-7 d after UFP exposure) and used a novel multilevel meta-analytical method to pool the results. Additionally, we assessed interdependencies between pollutants using two-pollutant models. Measurements and Main Results: For respiratory mortality, we found a delayed increase in relative risk of 4.46% (95% confidence interval, 1.52 to 7.48%) per 3,223-particles/cm3 increment 5-7 days after UFP exposure. Effects for PNCs showed smaller but comparable estimates consistent with the observation that the smallest UFP fractions showed the largest effects. No clear associations were found for cardiovascular or natural mortality. UFP effects were independent of PM2.5 in two-pollutant models. Conclusions: We found delayed effects for respiratory mortality within 1 week after exposure to UFPs and PNCs but no associations for natural or cardiovascular mortality. This finding adds to the evidence on the independent health effects of UFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Schwarz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Trechera P, Garcia-Marlès M, Liu X, Reche C, Pérez N, Savadkoohi M, Beddows D, Salma I, Vörösmarty M, Casans A, Casquero-Vera JA, Hueglin C, Marchand N, Chazeau B, Gille G, Kalkavouras P, Mihalopoulos N, Ondracek J, Zikova N, Niemi JV, Manninen HE, Green DC, Tremper AH, Norman M, Vratolis S, Eleftheriadis K, Gómez-Moreno FJ, Alonso-Blanco E, Gerwig H, Wiedensohler A, Weinhold K, Merkel M, Bastian S, Petit JE, Favez O, Crumeyrolle S, Ferlay N, Martins Dos Santos S, Putaud JP, Timonen H, Lampilahti J, Asbach C, Wolf C, Kaminski H, Altug H, Hoffmann B, Rich DQ, Pandolfi M, Harrison RM, Hopke PK, Petäjä T, Alastuey A, Querol X. Phenomenology of ultrafine particle concentrations and size distribution across urban Europe. Environ Int 2023; 172:107744. [PMID: 36696793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The 2017-2019 hourly particle number size distributions (PNSD) from 26 sites in Europe and 1 in the US were evaluated focusing on 16 urban background (UB) and 6 traffic (TR) sites in the framework of Research Infrastructures services reinforcing air quality monitoring capacities in European URBAN & industrial areaS (RI-URBANS) project. The main objective was to describe the phenomenology of urban ultrafine particles (UFP) in Europe with a significant air quality focus. The varying lower size detection limits made it difficult to compare PN concentrations (PNC), particularly PN10-25, from different cities. PNCs follow a TR > UB > Suburban (SUB) order. PNC and Black Carbon (BC) progressively increase from Northern Europe to Southern Europe and from Western to Eastern Europe. At the UB sites, typical traffic rush hour PNC peaks are evident, many also showing midday-morning PNC peaks anti-correlated with BC. These peaks result from increased PN10-25, suggesting significant PNC contributions from nucleation, fumigation and shipping. Site types to be identified by daily and seasonal PNC and BC patterns are: (i) PNC mainly driven by traffic emissions, with marked correlations with BC on different time scales; (ii) marked midday/morning PNC peaks and a seasonal anti-correlation with PNC/BC; (iii) both traffic peaks and midday peaks without marked seasonal patterns. Groups (ii) and (iii) included cities with high insolation. PNC, especially PN25-800, was positively correlated with BC, NO2, CO and PM for several sites. The variable correlation of PNSD with different urban pollutants demonstrates that these do not reflect the variability of UFP in urban environments. Specific monitoring of PNSD is needed if nanoparticles and their associated health impacts are to be assessed. Implementation of the CEN-ACTRIS recommendations for PNSD measurements would provide comparable measurements, and measurements of <10 nm PNC are needed for full evaluation of the health effects of this size fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Trechera
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Garcia-Marlès
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Applied Physics-Meteorology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Pérez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marjan Savadkoohi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Natural Resources & Environment, Industrial & TIC Engineering (EMIT-UPC), Manresa, Spain
| | - David Beddows
- Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Imre Salma
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Vörösmarty
- Hevesy György Ph.D. School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Casans
- Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Christoph Hueglin
- Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Benjamin Chazeau
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Gille
- AtmoSud, Regional Network for Air Quality Monitoring of Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, Marseille, France
| | - Panayiotis Kalkavouras
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Mihalopoulos
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jakub Ondracek
- Laboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nadia Zikova
- Laboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jarkko V Niemi
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna E Manninen
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY), Helsinki, Finland
| | - David C Green
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK; NIHR HPRU in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Anja H Tremper
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Michael Norman
- Environment and Health Administration, SLB-analys, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stergios Vratolis
- ENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 1Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
- ENRACT, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR Demokritos, 1Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Holger Gerwig
- German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | | | - Kay Weinhold
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maik Merkel
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology (LfULG), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jean-Eudes Petit
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Favez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Suzanne Crumeyrolle
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA), Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Ferlay
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518 Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA), Lille, France
| | | | | | - Hilkka Timonen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Atmospheric Composition Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Lampilahti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christof Asbach
- Air Quality & Sustainable Nanotechnology to Filtration & Aerosol Research, Institute of Energy and Environmental technology e.V. (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany
| | - Carmen Wolf
- Air Quality & Sustainable Nanotechnology to Filtration & Aerosol Research, Institute of Energy and Environmental technology e.V. (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Kaminski
- Air Quality & Sustainable Nanotechnology to Filtration & Aerosol Research, Institute of Energy and Environmental technology e.V. (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany
| | - Hicran Altug
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Q Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marco Pandolfi
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roy M Harrison
- Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrés Alastuey
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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Bastian S, Joerger M, Baertschi D, Holer L, Guckenberger M, Jochum W, Koeberle D, Siebenhüner A, Berger M, Winterhalder R, Largiadèr C, Löffler-Baumann M, Mosna- Firlejczyk K, Wicki A, Fischer Maranta A, von Moos R. 431P Neoadjuvant treatment with regorafenib and capecitabine combined with radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: A multicenter phase Ib trial (RECAP) SAKK 41/16. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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10
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Domchek S, Postel-Vinay S, Im SA, Park Y, Delord JP, Italiano A, Alexandre J, You B, Bastian S, Krebs M, Wang D, Waqar S, Lanasa M, Angell H, Lai Z, Gresty C, Opincar L, Herbolsheimer P, Kaufman B. Phase II study of olaparib (O) and durvalumab (D) (MEDIOLA): Updated results in patients (pts) with germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz253.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Lanzinger S, Schneider A, Breitner S, Stafoggia M, Erzen I, Dostal M, Pastorkova A, Bastian S, Cyrys J, Zscheppang A, Kolodnitska T, Peters A. Ultrafine and Fine Particles and Hospital Admissions in Central Europe. Results from the UFIREG Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:1233-1241. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201510-2042oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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12
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Chastagner A, Moinet M, Perez G, Roy E, McCoy KD, Plantard O, Agoulon A, Bastian S, Butet A, Rantier Y, Verheyden H, Cèbe N, Leblond A, Vourc'h G. Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in small rodents in France. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2016; 7:988-991. [PMID: 27270190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging zoonotic tick-borne pathogen affecting a wide range of mammals. Rodents are suspected to be natural reservoirs for this bacterium, but their role in the epidemiologic cycles affecting domestic animals and wild ungulates has not been demonstrated. This study aimed to improve our knowledge on A. phagocytophilum prevalence in Apodemus sylvaticus, A. flavicollis and Myodes glareolus using data collected in 2010 in one area in eastern France and in 2012-2013 in two others areas in western France. Rodents were captured in each site and infection was tested using qualitative real-time PCR assays on either blood or spleen samples. Prevalence showed high variability among sites. The highest prevalence was observed in the most eastern site (with an average infection rate of 22.8% across all species), whereas no rodent was found to be PCR positive in the south-west site and only 6.6% were positive in the north-west of France. Finally, a significant increase in prevalence was observed in autumn samples compared to spring samples in the north-west, but no change was found in the other two sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chastagner
- INRA, UR0346 Epidémiologie Animale, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France.
| | - M Moinet
- Anses, Nancy laboratory for rabies and wildlife, Wildlife Surveillance and Ecoepidemiology Unit (SEEpiAS), F-54220 Malzéville, France
| | - G Perez
- INRA, UMR1300 Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse de Risque en santé animale, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes, France; CNRS, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - E Roy
- INRA, UR0346 Epidémiologie Animale, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France
| | - K D McCoy
- UMR 5290 MIVEGEC CNRS-IRD-UM, Centre IRD, F-34394 Montpellier, France
| | - O Plantard
- INRA, UMR1300 Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse de Risque en santé animale, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes, France; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, UMR BioEpAR, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - A Agoulon
- INRA, UMR1300 Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse de Risque en santé animale, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes, France; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, UMR BioEpAR, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - S Bastian
- INRA, UMR1300 Biologie, Epidémiologie et Analyse de Risque en santé animale, CS 40706, F-44307 Nantes, France; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, UMR BioEpAR, F-44307 Nantes, France
| | - A Butet
- CNRS, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Y Rantier
- CNRS, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - H Verheyden
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - N Cèbe
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - A Leblond
- INRA, UR0346 Epidémiologie Animale, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France; Département Hippique, VetAgroSup, F-69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - G Vourc'h
- INRA, UR0346 Epidémiologie Animale, F-63122 Saint Genès Champanelle, France
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Lanzinger S, Schneider A, Breitner S, Stafoggia M, Erzen I, Dostal M, Pastorkova A, Bastian S, Cyrys J, Zscheppang A, Kolodnitska T, Peters A. Associations between ultrafine and fine particles and mortality in five central European cities - Results from the UFIREG study. Environ Int 2016; 88:44-52. [PMID: 26708280 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on health effects of ultrafine particles (UFP) is still limited as they are usually not monitored routinely. The few epidemiological studies on UFP and (cause-specific) mortality so far have reported inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the UFIREG project was to investigate the short-term associations between UFP and fine particulate matter (PM)<2.5μm (PM2.5) and daily (cause-specific) mortality in five European Cities. We also examined the effects of PM<10μm (PM10) and coarse particles (PM2.5-10). METHODS UFP (20-100nm), PM and meteorological data were measured in Dresden and Augsburg (Germany), Prague (Czech Republic), Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Chernivtsi (Ukraine). Daily counts of natural and cardio-respiratory mortality were collected for all five cities. Depending on data availability, the following study periods were chosen: Augsburg and Dresden 2011-2012, Ljubljana and Prague 2012-2013, Chernivtsi 2013-March 2014. The associations between air pollutants and health outcomes were assessed using confounder-adjusted Poisson regression models examining single (lag 0-lag 5) and cumulative lags (lag 0-1, lag 2-5, and lag 0-5). City-specific estimates were pooled using meta-analyses methods. RESULTS Results indicated a delayed and prolonged association between UFP and respiratory mortality (9.9% [95%-confidence interval: -6.3%; 28.8%] increase in association with a 6-day average increase of 2750particles/cm(3) (average interquartile range across all cities)). Cardiovascular mortality increased by 3.0% [-2.7%; 9.1%] and 4.1% [0.4%; 8.0%] in association with a 12.4μg/m(3) and 4.7μg/m(3) increase in the PM2.5- and PM2.5-10-averages of lag 2-5. CONCLUSIONS We observed positive but not statistically significant associations between prolonged exposures to UFP and respiratory mortality, which were independent of particle mass exposures. Further multi-centre studies are needed investigating several years to produce more precise estimates on health effects of UFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Lanzinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Erzen
- National Institute of Public Health Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miroslav Dostal
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Pastorkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Susanne Bastian
- Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josef Cyrys
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany; Environmental Science Center, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Anja Zscheppang
- Research Association Public Health Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tetiana Kolodnitska
- L.I. Medved's Research Center of Preventive Toxicology, Food and Chemical Safety, Ministry of Health, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Annette Peters
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology II, Neuherberg, Germany
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Kienle D, Winterhalder R, Koeberle D, Horber D, Kueng M, Saletti P, Helbling D, Bastian S, Dietrich D, Baertschi D, Pilop C, Von Moos R. 1322 Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus capecitabine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with RAS- and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. Results of the multicenter phase II trial SAKK 41/10. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Dostál M, Pastorková A, Lanzinger S, Schneider A, Bastian S, Senghaas M, Erzen Z, Novák J, Kolodnitska T, Šrám RJ, Peters A. [Health effects of ambient ultrafine particles--the project UFIREG]. Cas Lek Cesk 2015; 154:176-180. [PMID: 26357860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The project "Ultrafine particles--an evidence based contribution to the development of regional and European environmental and health policy" (UFIREG) started in July 2011 and ended in December 2014. It was implemented through the Central Europe Programme and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund. Five cities in four Central European countries participated in the study: Augsburg (Germany), Chernivtsi (Ukraine), Dresden (Germany), Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Prague (Czech Republic). The aim of the UFIREG project was to improve the knowledge base on possible health effects of ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) and to raise overall awareness of environmental and health care authorities and the population. METHODS Epidemiological studies in the frame of the UFIREG project have assessed the short-term effects of UFP on human mortality and morbidity, especially in relation to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Official statistics were used to determine the association between air pollution concentration and daily (cause-specific: respiratory and cardiovascular) hospital admissions and mortality. Associations of UFP levels and health effects were analysed for each city by use of Poisson regression models adjusting for a number of confounding factors. RESULTS Results on morbidity and mortality effects of UFP were heterogeneous across the five European cities investigated. Overall, an increase in respiratory hospital admissions and mortality could be detected for increases in UFP concentrations. Results on cardiovascular health were less conclusive. CONCLUSION Further multi-centre studies such as UFIREG are needed preferably investigating several years in order to produce powerful results.
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Zscheppang A, Senghaas M, Bastian S, Schneider A, Lanzinger S, Breitner S, Dostál M, Pastorková A, Novák J, Erzen I, Gobec M, Cvahte J, Cyrys J, Vlasyk L, Mykhalchuk B, Kolodnitska T, Kirch W. UFIREG - An evidence base for short-term health effects of ambient ultrafine particles in Europe. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku165.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Luksch H, Uckermann O, Stepulak A, Hendruschk S, Marzahn J, Bastian S, Staufner C, Temme A, Ikonomidou C. Silencing of selected glutamate receptor subunits modulates cancer growth. Anticancer Res 2011; 31:3181-3192. [PMID: 21965725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence supports a role for glutamate in the biology of cancer. We studied the impact of glutamate receptor subunit silencing on cancer phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different fragments of the coding region for ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA 4 (GLUR4), ionotropic glutamate receptor N-methyl D-aspartate 1 (NR1), ionotropic glutamate receptor kainate 5 (KA2) and ionotropic glutamate receptor N-methyl D-aspartate 2D (NR2D) were stably transfected into human TE671, RPMI8226 and A549 cell lines. Resulting changes in cell proliferation, migration and mRNA expression of genes that determine cancer phenotype were assayed. RESULTS Decreased expression of GLUR4 markedly increased cancer cell proliferation, whereas decreased expression of NR1 markedly reduced the propensity of cancer cells to proliferate. Knockdown of KA2 and NR2D did not influence cancer phenotype. Gene silencing of GLUR4 modulated the mRNA expression of various genes in these cancer cell lines, as determined with the Human Cancer PathwayFinder™ PCR Array. Knockdown of GLUR4 influenced the expression and function of genes involved in invasion and metastasis, tumour suppressor genes, oncogenes and adhesion genes. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that glutamate receptor subunits on cancer cells are linked to biochemical pathways that regulate malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hella Luksch
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Bastian S, Busch W, Kühnel D, Springer A, Meißner T, Holke R, Scholz S, Iwe M, Pompe W, Gelinsky M, Potthoff A, Richter V, Ikonomidou C, Schirmer K. Toxicity of tungsten carbide and cobalt-doped tungsten carbide nanoparticles in mammalian cells in vitro. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117:530-6. [PMID: 19440490 PMCID: PMC2679595 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tungsten carbide nanoparticles are being explored for their use in the manufacture of hard metals. To develop nanoparticles for broad applications, potential risks to human health and the environment should be evaluated and taken into consideration. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the toxicity of well-characterized tungsten carbide (WC) and cobalt-doped tungsten carbide (WC-Co) nanoparticle suspensions in an array of mammalian cells. METHODS We examined acute toxicity of WC and of WC-Co (10% weight content Co) nanoparticles in different human cell lines (lung, skin, and colon) as well as in rat neuronal and glial cells (i.e., primary neuronal and astroglial cultures and the oligodendrocyte precursor cell line OLN-93). Furthermore, using electron microscopy, we assessed whether nanoparticles can be taken up by living cells. We chose these in vitro systems in order to evaluate for potential toxicity of the nanoparticles in different mammalian organs (i.e., lung, skin, intestine, and brain). RESULTS Chemical-physical characterization confirmed that WC as well as WC-Co nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 145 nm form stable suspensions in serum-containing cell culture media. WC nanoparticles were not acutely toxic to the studied cell lines. However, cytotoxicity became apparent when particles were doped with Co. The most sensitive were astrocytes and colon epithelial cells. Cytotoxicity of WC-Co nanoparticles was higher than expected based on the ionic Co content of the particles. Analysis by electron microscopy demonstrated presence of WC nanoparticles within mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that doping of WC nanoparticles with Co markedly increases their cytotoxic effect and that the presence of WC-Co in particulate form is essential to elicit this combinatorial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bastian
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wibke Busch
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dana Kühnel
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Meißner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Holke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Iwe
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Pompe
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annegret Potthoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volkmar Richter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chrysanthy Ikonomidou
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Address correspondence to K. Schirmer, Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. Telephone: 41-0-44-823-5266., Fax: 41-0-44-823-5311., E-mail:
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Wilmer M, Rudin K, Kolde H, Poetzsch B, Lenz W, Moessmer G, Meili E, Egbring R, Gempeler-Messina P, Gempeler M, Bastian S, Kohler H. Evaluation of a sensitive colorimetric FXIII incorporation assay. Effects of FXIII Val34Leu, plasma fibrinogen concentration and congenital FXIII deficiency. Thromb Res 2001; 102:81-91. [PMID: 11323018 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(01)00224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the role of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) in cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. It has recently been reported that a common G-->T point mutation in the A-subunit gene of FXIII, which codes for a valine (val) to leucine (leu) change (FXIIIVal34Leu), is protective against thrombotic diseases but seems to increase the risk of intracerebral bleeding. We developed a colorimetric incorporation assay for detection of FXIII activity based on incorporation of 5-(biotinamido) pentylamine (BAPA) into fibrin or fibrinogen. With this new assay, we studied the effects of FXIIIVal34Leu mutation, plasma fibrinogen concentration and congenital FXIII deficiency on FXIII activity. There are no data available about the ability of different FXIII assays to detect altered activity in FXIIIVal34Leu genotypes. We therefore compared our results determined by the incorporation method with a commonly used photometric method based on ammonia release after cross-linking of glycine-ethylester to a specific glutamine containing peptide substrate. We also determined FXIII A-subunit antigen (Ag) levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The FXIIIVal34Leu genotype could not be detected either by the photometric method nor by the FXIII A-subunit ELISA. The incorporation assay showed an increased specific FXIII activity in subjects possessing the leu allele. The photometric assay and ELISA gave similar results independent from genotype. In patients with congenital FXIII deficiency before and after substitution, however, ELISA and the incorporation assay gave similar results, whereas the photometric assay showed consistently higher values. Our results show that the incorporation assay, not the photometric assay based on ammonia release, can be used for detection of elevated activity in subjects with FXIIIVal34Leu. Because of specificity and over a wide range sensitivity, the assay can also be used for determination of FXIII deficiency and monitoring of FXIII substitution therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wilmer
- Pentapharm Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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Bastian S, Pruneau D, Loillier B, Robert C, Bonnafous JC, Paquet JL. Identification of a key region of kinin B(1) receptor for high affinity binding of peptide antagonists. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:6107-13. [PMID: 10692400 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.9.6107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the molecular basis for the specificity of ligand recognition in human kinin B(1) (B(1)R) and B(2) (B(2)R) receptors, we constructed a series of chimeric receptors by progressively replacing, from the N to the C terminus, the human B(2)R domains by their B(1) counterparts. The chimeric construct possessing the C-terminal tail and the transmembrane domain VII (TM VII) of the B(2)R (construct 6) displayed 7- and 20- fold decreased affinities for the B(1) agonist [(3)H]desArg(10)-kallidin (desArg(10)-KD) and the B(1) antagonist [(3)H]desArg(10)-[Leu(9)]-KD respectively, as compared with the wild-type B(1)R. Moreover, the substitution of the B(1) TM VII by its B(2) homologue TM increased the affinity for the pseudopeptide antagonists, Hoe140 and NPC 567. High affinity for desArg(10)-KD binding was fully regained when the B(2) residue Thr(287) was replaced in construct 6 by the corresponding B(1) Leu(294) residue. When the B(2) residue Tyr(295) was exchanged with the corresponding B(1) Phe(302), high affinity binding for both agonist and antagonist was recovered. Moreover, the L294T and F302Y mutant B(1)R exhibited 69- and 6.5-fold increases, respectively, in their affinities for the B(2) receptor antagonist, Hoe140. Therefore we proposed that Leu(294) and Phe(302) residues, which may not be directly involved in the binding of B(1)R ligands and, hence, their Thr(287) and Tyr(295) B(2) counterparts, are localized in a receptor region, which plays a pivotal role in the binding selectivity of the peptide or pseudopeptide kinin ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bastian
- Centre de Recherche Laboratoires Fournier, 21121 Daix, France.
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Bastian S, Paquet JL, Robert C, Cremers B, Loillier B, Larrivée JF, Bachvarov DR, Marceau F, Pruneau D. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) induces the expression of kinin B1 receptor in human lung fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 253:750-5. [PMID: 9918799 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinin B1 receptors are induced by various inflammatory mediators. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the CXC chemokine IL-8 on kinin B1 receptor expression in IMR-90 cells, by performing binding studies and Northern blot analysis of B1 receptor mRNA levels. We demonstrated here that the density of the kinin B1 receptors could be increased by the chemokine IL-8 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. IL-8 also increased the kinin B1 receptor mRNA level in IMR-90 cells. IL-8-induced B1 receptor expression could be totally abolished by pretreatment with the metabolic inhibitors. Furthermore, expression was markedly reduced by antibodies to human IL-1alpha. In conclusion, IL-8 increased the expression of kinin B1 receptors in IMR-90 cells and this effect is likely to be secondary to the production of IL-1beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bastian
- Research Center Fournier Laboratories, Daix, France.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle ventricles have been shown to provide effective aortic diastolic counterpulsation in an experimental model. Construction has included full ligation of the thoracic aorta. The authors sought to determine if these muscle pumps could function effectively without fully ligating the aorta. METHODS Skeletal muscle ventricles were constructed in two groups of dogs. Group 1 had their aortas fully ligated (n = 10) while group 2 had their aortas narrowed by 50% (n = 10). The animals were followed for 10 weeks. RESULTS There was no significant difference in femoral diastolic augmentation at implant or at 10 weeks (19.1% +/- 9.9% in group 1 [full ligation] versus 16.3% +/- 10.2% in group 2 [half ligation] p = 0.502). Survival to 10 weeks was significantly better in group 1 (full ligation). Nine of 10 animals in this group survived versus 4 of 10 in group 2 (p = 0.019). Two animals survived in the half ligation group with effective augmentation and without thrombus formation. CONCLUSION Both models produce effective diastolic counterpulsation. Survival was decreased in this model using half ligation, and survival without complication was observed in 2 of 10 animals. Currently the overall results are better with the full aortic ligation model. However, design modifications will probably result in an effective model of diastolic counterpulsation without full aortic ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Greer
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Bastian S, Loillier B, Paquet JL, Pruneau D. Stable expression of human kinin B1 receptor in 293 cells: pharmacological and functional characterization. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 122:393-9. [PMID: 9313952 PMCID: PMC1564937 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1. We compared the binding properties of [3H]-desArg10-[Leu9]-kallidin, a radiolabelled kinin B1 receptor antagonist, to membranes from IMR-90 human embryonic fibroblasts and from 293 cells transiently or stably transfected with the human B1 receptor. 2. The dissociation constant (KD) of [3H]-desArg10-[Leu9]-kallidin and the affinity of several kinin receptor agonists and antagonists were similar between the native and cloned receptor, either transiently or stably expressed in 293 cells. In IMR-90 cells, the rank order of potency was that expected for a kinin B1 receptor. 3. The receptors transiently or stably expressed in 293 cells were fully functional with respect to their signalling properties. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis was increased in a concentration-dependent manner by the B1 receptor agonist, desArg10-kallidin. Functional coupling to the calcium pathway was also demonstrated for the native and stably expressed human B1 receptor. 4. In conclusion, the established stable and functional 293 cell clone may provide an important tool for further analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in binding, activation, and coupling of the kinin B1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bastian
- Centre de Recherche, Laboratoires Fournier S.A., Daix, France
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Ballard FJ, Walton PE, Bastian S, Tomas FM, Wallace JC, Francis GL. Effects of interactions between IGFBPs and IGFs on the plasma clearance and in vivo biological activities of IGFs and IGF analogs. Growth Regul 1993; 3:40-4. [PMID: 7683526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The relative activities in vivo of IGFs that differ in their association affinities towards IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been examined in a series of comparisons between IGF-I and LR3IGF-I. IGF-I has approximately 1000 fold higher affinity than LR3IGF-I towards IGFBP-3, IGFBP-4, total rat plasma IGFBPs and L6 myoblast BP. In cultured L6 myoblasts the reduced association with IGFBPs gives LR3IGF-I a 5-10 fold greater biological potency. Chronic administration of the peptides over 14 days to normal female rats produces marked increases in body weight, nitrogen retention and food conversion efficiency as well as retention of the carcass composition and fractional weights of the gut, spleen and thymus that are characteristic of the younger age. In the growth measurements LR3IGF-I is 6 fold more potent than IGF-I, thus reflecting the in vitro difference. In a second series of experiments in which the clearance rates of the two peptides were compared, LR3IGF-I was shown to be removed from the plasma much more rapidly than was IGF-I, a difference reflecting the poor association of LR3IGF-I with plasma IGFBPs. The crucial relevance of binding protein association in explaining the difference was confirmed in pregnant rats where IGFBP levels are markedly reduced. In this condition only the clearance of IGF-I was affected to produce a clearance rate almost as rapid as that found with LR3IGF-I. These experiments demonstrate that an IGF variant which associates poorly with IGFBPs is removed more rapidly from the blood and is more potent than IGF-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Ballard
- Cooperative Research Centre for Tissue Growth and Repair, Adelaide, Australia
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