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Zeng C, Xing R, Huang B, Cheng X, Shi W, Liu S. Phytoplankton in headwater streams: spatiotemporal patterns and underlying mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1276289. [PMID: 37941677 PMCID: PMC10628446 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1276289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are key members of river ecosystems wherein they influence and regulate the health of the local environment. Headwater streams are subject to minimal human activity and serve as the sources of rivers, generally exhibiting minimal pollution and strong hydrodynamic forces. To date, the characteristics of phytoplankton communities in headwater streams have remained poorly understood. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by comparing phytoplankton communities in headwater streams with those in plain rivers. The results demonstrated that within similar watershed sizes, lower levels of spatiotemporal variability were observed with respect to phytoplankton community as compared to plain rivers. Lower nutrient levels and strong hydrodynamics contribute to phytoplankton growth limitation in these streams, thereby reducing the levels of spatiotemporal variation. However, these conditions additionally contribute to greater phytoplankton diversity and consequent succession towards Cyanophyta. Overall, these results provide new insights into the dynamics of headwater stream ecosystems and support efforts for their ecological conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Zeng
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Xing
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Bensheng Huang
- Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangju Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shufeng Liu
- Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou, China
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Dong A, Yu X, Yin Y, Zhao K. Seasonal Variation Characteristics and the Factors Affecting Plankton Community Structure in the Yitong River, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17030. [PMID: 36554908 PMCID: PMC9779663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To explore how environmental factors affected the plankton structure in the Yitong River, we surveyed the water environmental factors and plankton population in different seasons. The results showed high total nitrogen concentrations in Yitong River throughout the year, while the total phosphorus, water temperature (WT), and chemical oxygen demand in summer were significantly higher than those in other seasons (p < 0.05), and the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and TN/TP ratio were significantly lower (p < 0.01) than those in other seasons. There was no significant seasonal change in other environmental factors. Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta were the main phytoplankton phylum, while Protozoa and Rotifera were the main zooplankton phylum. The abundance and biomass of zooplankton and phytoplankton in the summer were higher than those in other seasons. Non-Metric Multidimensional scaling methods demonstrated obvious seasonal variation of phytoplankton in summer compared to spring and winter, while the seasonal variation of the zooplankton community was not obvious. The results of the redundancy analysis showed that WT, DO and nitrate nitrogen were the main environmental factors affecting phytoplankton abundance. In contrast to environmental factors, phytoplankton was the main factor driving the seasonal variation of the zooplankton community structure. Cyanophyta were positively correlated with the changes in the plankton community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiangfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Changchun Municipal Engineering & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, 5088 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, China
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Li X, Zhao Y, Chai F, Yu H, Sun X, Liu D. Phytoplankton Community Structure Dynamics in Relation to Water Environmental Factors in Zhalong Wetland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14996. [PMID: 36429711 PMCID: PMC9690911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton, as the primary producer of the wetland water ecosystem's food chain, are very sensitive to environmental changes. In order to explore the significance of phytoplankton in protecting ecosystem integrity, the wetland ecosystem in Zhalong wetland, one of the most important international wetlands, was selected as the research area. For the study, 81 sampling sites were set up in the whole wetland, and phytoplankton samples and water quality environmental factors were measured in spring, summer, and autumn of 2019. The phytoplankton community structure and water environmental factors were evaluated by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The main research findings are as follows: a total of 292 species and variants of phytoplankton belonging to 8 phyla and 110 genera were identified within Zhalong wetland in spring, summer, and autumn 2019. The total phytoplankton abundance and biomass in summer were higher than in spring and autumn, and Cyclotella meneghiniana was the most dominant species in three seasons and three areas. The results of random forest are generally consistent with the results of CCA in spring, when the main environmental factors affecting phytoplankton were NTU and WT; the result in summer and autumn agreed with those of CCA, which awaits further study. In addition, the phytoplankton is mainly affected by WT, depth, and DO in the lake area, TP, DO, and NTU in the river area, and WT in the wetland area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Fangying Chai
- School of Management, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150020, China
| | - Hongxian Yu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Investigation Design and Research Institute, Harbin 150080, China
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Zunino J, La Colla NS, Brendel AS, Alfonso MB, Botté SE, Perillo GME, Piccolo MC. Water quality analysis based on phytoplankton and metal indices: a case study in the Sauce Grande River Basin (Argentina). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:79053-79066. [PMID: 35701704 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21349-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing landscape alterations due to anthropogenic activities is of global concern since it affects aquatic ecosystems, often resulting in compromise of the ecological integrity and the water quality. In this sense, the evaluation, monitoring, and prediction of the aquatic ecosystem quality becomes an important research subject. This study presents the first integrated water quality assessment of the Sauce Grande River Basin, in Argentina, based on the spatial distribution of the phytoplankton community, the physicochemical parameters, and the metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) found in the particulate fraction. According to the trophic indices and the phytoplankton abundance, composition, and diversity, the water quality showed significant deterioration in the lower basin after the Sauce Grande lake. The trophic state index indicated that water was oligotrophic in over 75% of the sampling sites, increasing downstream, where two sites were characterized as mesotrophic, and one described as hypertrophic. The phytoplankton community was dominated by diatoms in zones with low anthropogenic impact and conductivity, whereas high densities of Euglenophyta, Chlorophyta, and Cyanobacteria were found in the middle-lower basin, associated with higher organic matter and eutrophication. The conductivity, turbidity, and most metal concentrations also increased towards the downstream area, even exceeding recommended levels for the metals Cu, Cr, Mn, and Pb in the middle and lower reaches of the basin (Cu: 3.5 µg L-1; Cr: 2.4 µg L-1; Pb: 1.2 µg L-1; Mn 170 µg L-1). This study generates a database for the water quality of the Sauce Grande River Basin and sets an example of how the water quality varies along a basin that crosses different topographic environments, land covers, and anthropogenic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Zunino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Noelia S La Colla
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea S Brendel
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria B Alfonso
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra E Botté
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo M E Perillo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria C Piccolo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO-CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Geografía Y Turismo, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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The Diversity of Phytoplankton in a Combined Rice-Shrimp Farming System in the Coastal Area of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of varying density, species composition and dynamics of phytoplankton in a combined rice-shrimp culture was carried out in My Xuyen district, Soc Trang province in the Vietnamese Mekong delta. Water was sampled six times at six separate locations within the culture system, on days 1, 20, 34, 57, 68, and day 81 of the rice-shrimp crop cycle. The results showed the abundance of 95 phytoplankton species belonging to five phyla including Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Euglenophyta, and Pyrrophyta. The values of Shannon–Wiener index indicated high phytoplankton diversity, while the water quality ranged from medium to good. A Cluster Analysis showed that the phytoplankton density variation can be divided into three distinct periods. The initial phase of crop growth was dominated by Pandorina morum, Pediastrum simplex, Eudorina elegans, Oscillatoria limosa, and Anabaena circinalis. The midstage, reproductive phase of crop growth was dominated by Scenedesnus acuminatus, Pediastrum duplex, Closterinm setaceum, Scenedesnus quadricauda, and Actinastnum hantzschii. Whereas Scenedesnus acuminatus, Scenedesnus quadricauda, Closterinm closterioides, Staurastrum arcuatum, Euglena nhrenbergii, and Phacus lnsmorensis were dominant at the end of crop cycle. The findings provide useful information on phytoplankton assemblages in a typical rice-shrimp culture, which has recently gained popularity as an adaptive livelihood system.
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Characteristics of the Phytoplankton Community Structure and Water Quality Evaluation in Autumn in the Huaihe River (China). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212092. [PMID: 34831847 PMCID: PMC8619162 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
As an important indicator of phytoplankton in water quality evaluation, the phytoplankton community structure is very sensitive to changes in water quality, and analyzing their community composition and function is of great significance for the ecological management and maintenance of watershed environments. To understand the environment and ecological status as well as reconstruct or restore a healthy aquatic ecosystem in the Huaihe River Basin in China, a comprehensive phytoplankton survey was conducted in the main stream and main tributaries of the Huaihe River in 2019. A total of 266 species or genera of phytoplankton were identified, mainly belonging to Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta. The number of phytoplankton species upstream and downstream was higher than that in the middle. The results of phytoplankton biomass showed significant spatial differences in different river reaches (p < 0.05). The identified phytoplankton functional groups (FGs) were divided into 27 groups, including 16 representative functional groups (RFGs), followed by A, B, F, G, H1, J, K, LM, LO, M, MP, P, T, TB, WO and X2. The mean values of the Shannon-Wiener index and Margalef index were 2.47 and 2.50, respectively, showing that most of the water in the Huaihe River Basin was in a state of moderate nutritional status. The results of this study provided a reference for studying the composition and distribution of phytoplankton communities, nutrient status, and pollution levels in the Huaihe River Basin, as well as in other similar watersheds.
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Zhang Z, Gao J, Cai Y. The direct and indirect effects of land use and water quality on phytoplankton communities in an agriculture-dominated basin. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:760. [PMID: 33184779 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that control biodiversity in rivers is challenging due to the variety of potential sources, linkages, and processes. This research assesses the effects of land use on phytoplankton communities across water quality gradients. By employing abiotic and biotic datasets of 149 catchments in Lake Chaohu basin, China, and a structural equation model (SEM), the direct and indirect effects of land use and water quality on phytoplankton dynamic were analyzed. Both land use and water quality had statistically significant direct effects on phytoplankton community attribute and diversity, although these effects differed among these indices. For instance, farmland was found to positively affect the abundance and diversity indices, while total nitrogen (TN) had significant positive effects on species richness and abundance. Importantly, the average indirect effects strengthened the effects of land use (e.g., built-up land and woodland) up to 82.4% mainly through nutrients, while the average indirect effects weakened the effects of land use (e.g., farmland) by as much as 49.9% mainly due to nutrients, thus indicating the prevailing role of the effects of land use on phytoplankton based on nutrient concentrations. The results suggest that nutrients can regulate the effect of land use on phytoplankton community attribute and diversity indices. This study highlights the advantages of using an SEM because the potential linkages for phytoplankton diversities are more likely to be identified with this method than with a classical linear regression model. Therefore, SEM has wide application prospects in the field of the conservation of biodiversity in freshwater rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yongjiu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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