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Dong A, Ma Y, Wang X, Jing X, He H, Zhang T, Dong H, Liu W, Fan K, Huo J. Effect of cadmium on histopathological injuries and ultra-structural changes of kidney of the turtle Mauremys reevesii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39774-39781. [PMID: 38834928 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the effect of cadmium on the tissue and cell of kidney of the turtle Mauremys reevesii. Twenty turtles were injected with cadmium at 0, 7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg separately and five turtles were taken in each group at two weeks after exposure. Kidneys were immediately excised and macroscopic pathological changes were observed, then the kidneys were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for histopathological examination and fixed in 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde for examination of ultra-structure. The tissues of kidney presented varying degrees of histopathological lesions in cadmium treated turtles by a dose-dependent manner under the light microscope. Under transmission electron microscope, renal tubules cells presented varying degrees of dose-dependent lesions. The results indicated that cadmium can cause cell damages to the kidney, in particular to the mitochondria. Mitochondria can be used as one biomarker in the monitoring of cadmium pollution and its quantitative risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Dong
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xuejie Jing
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hui He
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Tianmiao Zhang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huidong Dong
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kaifang Fan
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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Zdyrski C, Gabriel V, Gessler TB, Ralston A, Sifuentes-Romero I, Kundu D, Honold S, Wickham H, Topping NE, Sahoo DK, Bista B, Tamplin J, Ospina O, Piñeyro P, Arriaga M, Galan JA, Meyerholz DK, Allenspach K, Mochel JP, Valenzuela N. Establishment and characterization of turtle liver organoids provides a potential model to decode their unique adaptations. Commun Biol 2024; 7:218. [PMID: 38388772 PMCID: PMC10883927 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Painted turtles are remarkable for their freeze tolerance and supercooling ability along with their associated resilience to hypoxia/anoxia and oxidative stress, rendering them an ideal biomedical model for hypoxia-induced injuries (including strokes), tissue cooling during surgeries, and organ cryopreservation. Yet, such research is hindered by their seasonal reproduction and slow maturation. Here we developed and characterized adult stem cell-derived turtle liver organoids (3D self-assembled in vitro structures) from painted, snapping, and spiny softshell turtles spanning ~175My of evolution, with a subset cryopreserved. This development is, to the best of our knowledge, a first for this vertebrate Order, and complements the only other non-avian reptile organoids from snake venom glands. Preliminary characterization, including morphological, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses, revealed organoids enriched in cholangiocytes. Deriving organoids from distant turtles and life stages demonstrates that our techniques are broadly applicable to chelonians, permitting the development of functional genomic tools currently lacking in herpetological research. Such platform could potentially support studies including genome-to-phenome mapping, gene function, genome architecture, and adaptive responses to climate change, with implications for ecological, evolutionary, and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Zdyrski
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA.
- SMART Pharmacology, Precision One Health Initiative, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Vojtech Gabriel
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Thea B Gessler
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Itzel Sifuentes-Romero
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Debosmita Kundu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sydney Honold
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Hannah Wickham
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas E Topping
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Basanta Bista
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tamplin
- Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, USA
| | - Oscar Ospina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pablo Piñeyro
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Marco Arriaga
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Jacob A Galan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Karin Allenspach
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- SMART Pharmacology, Precision One Health Initiative, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- SMART Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- SMART Pharmacology, Precision One Health Initiative, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nicole Valenzuela
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Dong A, He H, Zhang T, Jing X, Ma Y, Wang X, Dong H, Liu W, Fan K, Huo J. Effects of cadmium on liver function in turtle Mauremys reevesii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123827-123831. [PMID: 37991618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
This research was designed to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) on liver function in turtle Mauremys reevesii. Turtles were divided into 4 groups at random. The turtles were injected intraperitoneally with Cd at 0, 7.5, 15, 30 mg kg-1 Cd chloride separately. Liver index was calculated. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and the content of TP in liver were examined with biochemical methods. The results indicated that the liver index of turtles changed obviously only at higher dose and longer time. The activities of ALT and AST in liver increased with prolongation of exposure time in a dose-dependent manner. TP content in liver was lower than that in the control. In summary, Cd had an obvious toxic effect on liver tissues of freshwater turtle Mauremys reevesii, and it was dose dependent with the extension of exposure time. But the results also showed that the turtle had strong tolerance to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Dong
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hui He
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Tianmiao Zhang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xuejie Jing
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huidong Dong
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kaifang Fan
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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Shi J, Ma C, Zheng Z, Zhang T, Li Z, Sun X, He Z, Zhang Z, Zhang C. Low-dose antimony exposure promotes prostate cancer proliferation by inhibiting ferroptosis via activation of the Nrf2-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139716. [PMID: 37562508 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Antimony (Sb) is a typical environmental pollutant. With the development of industrialization, antimony is widely used in daily life and enters the human body through the food chain, water source, air pollution, and other channels. The risk of antimony exposure has emerged as one of the public's major health concerns. Current research on antimony shows that antimony has certain biological toxicity, and antimony exposure may be one of the carcinogenic risk factors for bladder cancer, prostate cancer (PCa), and other cancers. But the molecular mechanism of antimony exposure in PCa is still unclear. Our results showed that serum antimony levels were significantly higher in PCa patients than in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and high levels of serum antimony were associated with poorer prognosis in PCa. We demonstrate that antimony exposure promotes PCa progression in vivo and in vitro. In addition, our results also showed that low-dose antimony exposure resulted in increased GSH, increased GPX4 expression, and decreased Fe2+. Since GPX4 and Fe2+ are important molecular features in the mechanism of ferroptosis, we further found that low-dose antimony exposure can inhibit RSL3-induced ferroptosis and promote PCa proliferation. Finally, our study demonstrates that low-dose antimony exposure promotes Nrf2 expression, increases the expression level of SLC7A11, and then increases the expression of GPX4, inhibits ferroptosis, and promotes PCa progression. Taken together, our experimental results suggest that low-dose antimony exposure promotes PCa cell proliferation by inhibiting ferroptosis through activation of the Nrf2-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway. These findings highlight the link between low-dose antimony exposure and the Nrf2-SLC7A11-GPX4 ferroptosis pathway, providing a new potential direction for the prevention and treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxi Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chunlei Ma
- Department of Urology, Tianjin 4th Center Hospital, The 4th Center Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhiwen Zheng
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhaopeng Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhen He
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Changwen Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Kirchner R, Kirchnerová S, Tirpák F, Halo M, Slanina T, Tokárová K, Kováčik A, Miškeje M, Komárňanská V, Greń A, Formicki G, Massányi P. Biogenic Elements and Heavy Metals in Hermann's Tortoises- Testudo hermanni: Effect on Serum Biochemistry and Oxidative Status Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2218. [PMID: 37444016 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conservation of species diversity is the need of the hour for preserving life forms on Earth. Extinction of any part of the ecosystem has negative impacts on many processes and systems. The objective of this work was to analyze some biochemical and molecular indicators and their correlations to biogenic elements and heavy metals in Testudo hermanni (n = 16). METHODS Biochemical parameters were analyzed using the commercial kit DiaSys and biochemical analyzer Randox RX Monza. Sodium, potassium, and chlorides were measured using the EasyLite analyzer. Oxidative stress was evaluated using colorimetric and luminometric methods. Quantification of chemical elements in the blood was carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPS). RESULTS Biochemical values of analyzed samples from Hermann's tortoises were almost the same as referential values described by multiple authors, with minor aberrations in the total protein parameter. Values of arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) showed correlation with biochemical parameters and the parameters of oxidative stress. Cadmium (Cd) exhibited correlation with aspartate aminotransferase (AST). CONCLUSIONS This study reports correlations among four heavy metals, and their levels were again correlated with biochemical and molecular parameters in Hermann's tortoises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Kirchner
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Kirchnerová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Filip Tirpák
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marko Halo
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Tokárová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anton Kováčik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Michal Miškeje
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Komárňanská
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Agnieszka Greń
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Formicki
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Peter Massányi
- Institute of Applied Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
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Luo M, Feng G, Chen M, Ke H. Probiotics and Immunostimulant modulate intestinal flora diversity in Reeves pond tortoise (Mauremys reevesii) and effects of Clostridium butyricum on its spleen transcriptome. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108908. [PMID: 37380116 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of Clostridium butyricum (group A), Bacillus subtilis (group B), and the immune enhancer algal β-1,3 glucan (group C) on the intestinal flora of Mauremys reevesii and the effects of C. butyricum on the transcriptome of M. reevesii splenic immune tissues. M. reevesii were assigened to four groups, each containing three replicates from 18 samples. Juvenile turtles with an initial weight of 106.35 ± 0.03 g were fed a basic diet containing no probiotics (control group D), or a basic diet containing the A, B, or C supplement. After the turtles had been fed for 60, 90, and 120 d of the experimental period, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed no significant difference in alpha diversity among the four groups at 60 days of feeding (P > 0.05), and at 90 days, the alpha diversity in group A was significantly different (P < 0.05), with an increase of 26.62% in the Shannon index and a decrease of 83.33% in the Simpson index; at 120 d, the alpha diversity (Shannon index)showed a decreasing trend in order for groups A, B, and C, At the phylum level, the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria in group A increased significantly with increasing feeding time (P < 0.05),At the genus level, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Anaerotruncus in group A increased significantly compared with that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis showed that 384 genes were differentially expressed in the spleen of M. reevesii, 195 genes were upregulated and 189 genes were downregulated, and C. butyricum TF201120 regulated the hematopoietic cell lineage signaling pathway in the spleen of M. reevesii (P < 0.05). The regulation of several identified immune-related genes was confirmed by qPCR, These results showed that C. butyricum, B. subtilis and the immune enhancer algal β-1,3 glucan can improve the intestinal flora of M. reevesii, with C. butyricum TF20 being the most effective and significantly enhancing the immunity of M. reevesii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Luo
- Aquatic Disease Research Laboratory, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China; College of Aquatic and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guoqing Feng
- Aquatic Disease Research Laboratory, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Guangdong Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- Aquatic Disease Research Laboratory, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China; College of Aquatic and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hao Ke
- Aquatic Disease Research Laboratory, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Guangdong Scientific Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510000, China; Key Laboratory of Animal and Poultry Disease Control Research, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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7
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Dong A, Dong H, He H, Dong A, Yan J, Huo J. Effects of Cadmium on Kidney Function of the Freshwater Turtles Mauremys reevesii. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:3000-3005. [PMID: 35986187 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This research studied the effects of cadmium on kidney function of the freshwater turtles Mauremys reevesii. Turtles were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 7.5, 15, and 30 mg kg-1 cadmium separately for once. The samples were gathered to check the kidney index, the contents of TP in kidney tissue, and the levels of CRE and BUN in the plasma of the turtles. Results showed that the concentration of TP was overall decreased with the extension of cadmium exposure time and the increasing of the exposure dose of cadmium. The CRE content in the plasma of each treatment group increased with the prolongation of exposure time in a dose-dependent, and the BUN levels of all poisoned groups showed a trend of increasing. The kidney index of treated turtles increased. In summary, cadmium could induce the increase of turtle kidney index, the content of CRE and BUN in plasma, and the decrease of TP content in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Dong
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huidong Dong
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hui He
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ailing Dong
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Qianan, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Juanjuan Yan
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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Wei Y, Yi K, Shen C, Chen X, Iqbal T, Cao M, Chen T, Luo Y, Li J, Zhou X, Li C, Chen L. Whole Transcriptome Profiling of the Effects of Cadmium on the Liver of the Xiangxi Yellow Heifer. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:846662. [PMID: 35498726 PMCID: PMC9047687 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.846662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal toxicant found in industrial zones. Humans and animals are exposed to it through their diet, which results in various physiological problems. In the current study, the toxic effects of Cd on the liver were investigated by whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of the livers of Xiangxi heifers fed a diet with excess Cd. We randomly divided six healthy heifers into two groups. The first group received a control diet, whereas the second group received Cd-exceeding diets for 100 days. After 100 days, the livers were collected. A total of 551 differentially expressed mRNAs, 24 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 169 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified (p < 0.05, |log2FC| >1). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. We found that under Cd exposure, DEGs were enriched in the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway, which is involved in autophagy regulation, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathway, which is involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, the apolipoprotein A4 gene, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the anti-apoptotic gene ATPase H+/K+ transporting the nongastric alpha2 subunit, and the cholesterol metabolism-associated gene endothelial lipase gene were significantly downregulated. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 3, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, which are involved in the development of fatty liver, were significantly upregulated. These genes revealed the main effects of Cd on the liver of Xiangxi yellow heifers. The current study provides insightful information regarding the DEGs involved in autophagy regulation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant enzyme activity. These may serve as useful biomarkers for predicting and treating Cd-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yameng Wei
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangle Yi
- Grassland and Herbivore Research Laboratory, Hunan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Caomeihui Shen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tariq Iqbal
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Maosheng Cao
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Grassland and Herbivore Research Laboratory, Hunan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Grassland and Herbivore Research Laboratory, Hunan Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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Huang X, Zhou Y, Zhu H, Wang W, Xiao L, Wang B, Nie J. Genome-wide SNP based species identification of Chinemys reevesii, Ocadia sinensis and their hybrids. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Guimarães ATB, Malafaia G. Multiple toxicity endpoints induced by carbon nanofibers in Amazon turtle juveniles: Outspreading warns about toxicological risks to reptiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146514. [PMID: 34030253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNs) has been observed in different organisms; however, little is known about the impact of water polluted with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on reptiles. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the chronic effects (7.5 months) of 1 and 10 mg/L of CNF on Podocnemis expansa (Amazon turtle) juveniles (4 months old) based on different biomarkers. Increased total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations observed in the liver and brain (which suggests CNF uptake) were closely correlated to changes in REDOX systems of turtles exposed to CNFs, mainly to higher nitrite, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation levels. Increased levels of antioxidants such as total glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase in the exposed animals were also observed. The uptake of CNFs and the observed biochemical changes were associated with higher frequency of erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities (assessed through micronucleus assays), as well as with both damage in erythrocyte DNA (assessed through comet assays) and higher apoptosis and necrosis rates in erythrocytes of exposed turtles. Cerebral and hepatic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) increased in turtles exposed to CNFs, and this finding suggested the neurotoxic effect of these nanomaterials. Data in the current study reinforced the toxic potential of CNFs and evidenced the biochemical, mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic, and neurotoxic effects of CNFs on P. expansa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institute and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urataí Campus, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institute and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil; Biological Research Laboratory, Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urataí Campus, GO, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation of Natural Resources, Federal University of Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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11
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Dong A, Huo J, Yan J, Dong A, Liu B. Lipid peroxidation of kidney of the turtle Mauremys reevesii caused by cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6811-6817. [PMID: 33011946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research was designed to investigate lipid peroxidation of the kidney of turtle (Mauremys reevesii) caused by cadmium. Turtles were injected intraperitoneally with cadmium at the concentration of 0 (control), 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg, and 5 turtles were taken from each group after exposure for 1 week (1 w), 2 weeks (2 w), and 3 weeks (3 w). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as glutathione (GSH) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) contents in the homogenate of kidney tissue were analyzed. The results demonstrated that a short time of low dose of cadmium could stimulate the increase of SOD activity in the kidney of turtles, but a long time of high dose of cadmium could induce the decrease of SOD activity in the kidney of turtles. Cadmium could decrease CAT activity and GSH content in turtle kidney, but increased MDA content in turtle kidney. There were some other effects on the turtles, such as depression and diarrhea. The experimental results indicate that cadmium causes temporary oxidative stress on the kidney of turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Dong
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Juanjuan Yan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ailing Dong
- Bureau of agriculture and rural affairs of Qianan, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Biwang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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Dong A, Huo J, Yan J, Dong A. Oxidative stress in liver of turtle Mauremys reevesii caused by cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6405-6410. [PMID: 32989702 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The research was designed to examine oxidative stress of the liver of turtle Mauremys reevesii caused by cadmium (Cd). Turtles were injected intraperitoneally with cadmium at the concentration of 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg, and 5 turtles were taken from each group after exposure for 1 week (1 w), 2 weeks (2 w), and 3 weeks (3 w). The activities of SOD and CAT as well as the contents of GSH and MDA in liver tissues were detected by using a kit. The results showed that the difference between the control group and the Cd-treated group was statistically significant with the increase of Cd concentration and the prolongation of exposure time, which suggested that Cd caused oxidative stress on the liver of turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Dong
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Juanjuan Yan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ailing Dong
- Bureau of agriculture and rural affairs of Qianan, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
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Zhou A, Xie S, Sun D, Zhang P, Dong H, Zuo Z, Li X, Zou J. A First Insight into the Structural and Functional Comparison of Environmental Microbiota in Freshwater Turtle Chinemys reevesii at Different Growth Stages under Pond and Greenhouse Cultivation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1277. [PMID: 32825672 PMCID: PMC7564371 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial community structure of water is an important indicator for evaluating the water quality of the aquaculture environment. In this study, the investigation and comparison of the bacterial communities of pond cultivation (PC) and greenhouse cultivation (GC) between hatchling, juvenile, and adult growth stages of C. reevesii were performed. In addition, the V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. The Chao1 richness estimator of the PC group was significantly higher than that of the GC group. The beta diversity showed that the microbiotas of the two groups were isolated from each other. The dominant phyla were Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Planctomycetes in the PC group and Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria in the GC group. Both the numbers and the types of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotations differed between the PC and GC groups. The prediction of bacterial phenotype implied that the GC environment is more likely to deteriorate, and turtles are more susceptible to pathogens than those of the PC environment. In addition, a total of nine potential pathogenic bacteria were identified and the correlation of environmental factors analyses showed significant differences of bacterial species between the PC and GC groups, while the potential pathogenic bacteria showed significant correlation with the stocking density, temperature, pH, orthophosphate (PO4-P), and dissolved oxygen (DO) in both the PC and GC groups. Noticeably, this is the first report to describe the different microbiota characteristics of the different cultivation environments in the different growth stages of C. reevesii, which will provide valuable data for water quality adjustment, disease prevention, and the healthy breeding of turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (A.Z.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (P.Z.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada;
| | - Shaolin Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (A.Z.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (P.Z.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Di Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (A.Z.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (P.Z.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Pan Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (A.Z.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (P.Z.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Han Dong
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (A.Z.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (P.Z.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiheng Zuo
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (A.Z.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (P.Z.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PE C1A 5T1, Canada;
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (A.Z.); (S.X.); (D.S.); (P.Z.); (H.D.); (Z.Z.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Huo J, Dong A, Yan J, Dong A. Effects of cadmium on the activities of ALT and AST as well as the content of TP in plasma of freshwater turtle Mauremys reevesii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:18025-18028. [PMID: 32170612 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic metals in the aquatic environment. This study was designed to examine the effects of Cd on the activities of ALT and AST and the concentrations of TP in plasma of freshwater turtle Mauremys reevesii. Experiment turtles were exposed to Cd at the concentration of 15 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection. The activities of ALT and AST and the concentrations of TP were investigated. Compared with the controls, the activities of ALT and AST in plasma of the treated turtles significantly increased. The concentrations of TP were comparable between the treated turtles and the controls except that were higher than the control turtles in 14 days (14 d) and 56 days (56 d). As a result that turtles exposed to Cd were led to liver function damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Huo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Aiguo Dong
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Juanjuan Yan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ailing Dong
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Qianan, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
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