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Liu Z, Liu G, Guo X, Li Y, Ji N, Xu X, Sun Q, Yang J. Diversity of the protease-producing bacteria and their extracellular protease in the coastal mudflat of Jiaozhou Bay, China: in response to clam naturally growing and aquaculture. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1164937. [PMID: 37275176 PMCID: PMC10236810 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1164937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The booming mudflat aquaculture poses an accumulation of organic matter and a certain environmental threat. Protease-producing bacteria are key players in regulating the nitrogen content in ecosystems. However, knowledge of the diversity of protease-producing bacteria in coastal mudflats is limited. This study investigated the bacterial diversity in the coastal mudflat, especially protease-producing bacteria and their extracellular proteases, by using culture-independent methods and culture-dependent methods. The clam aquaculture area exhibited a higher concentration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus when compared with the non-clam area, and a lower richness and diversity of bacterial community when compared with the clam naturally growing area. The major classes in the coastal mud samples were Bacteroidia, Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria. The Bacillus-like bacterial community was the dominant cultivated protease-producing group, accounting for 52.94% in the non-clam area, 30.77% in the clam naturally growing area, and 50% in the clam aquaculture area, respectively. Additionally, serine protease and metalloprotease were the principal extracellular protease of the isolated coastal bacteria. These findings shed light on the understanding of the microbes involved in organic nitrogen degradation in coastal mudflats and lays a foundation for the development of novel protease-producing bacterial agents for coastal mudflat purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuzhen Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Ji
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingfeng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
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Maliang H, Li Y, Wang Y, Jin L, Liu H, Chen A, Chen J, Ma J. Pyroligneous acids from biomass charcoal by-product as a potential non-selective bioherbicide for organic farming: its chemical components, greenhouse phytotoxicity and field efficacy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:14126-14138. [PMID: 36149555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective and environmentally friendly herbicides are urgently needed to meet consumer demand for organic products. To evaluate the weed control effect of four pyroligneous acid (PAs) mixtures, the byproducts of bamboo/wood/straw vinegar, two herbicide discovery tests were done: (1) the greenhouse tests by using four indicative plants: wheat (Triticum sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus), cucumber (Cucumus sativus), and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv; (2) Field trials with four weeds: E. crusgalli, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb, and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Greenhouse tests showed that the efficacy of PAs and acetic acid (AA) to control four test plants increased with the increasing of PAs concentration. The inhibition rates of four tested PAs (FBV (0.6-9.2% AA + (0.3-5.0% tar), HWV (0.2-1.8% AA + 0.3-4.3% tar), ASV (0.5-8.7% AA + 0.4-7.0% tar), and CWV (0.7-5.3% AA + 0.5-7.5% tar) gave inhibition rates of 56 ± 4-97 ± 2%, 21 ± 2-90 ± 6%, 29 ± 3-98 ± 5%, and 44 ± 6-86 ± 2%, respectively, and the field effects of PAs against four weeds were enhanced with the increasing of concentrations and time after spraying (1 to 14 days). Their control effects against E. crusgalli, E. indica, A. philoxeroides, and C. canadensis were 4 ± 1-93 ± 4%, 7 ± 3-90 ± 3%, 32 ± 2-95 ± 3%, and 31 ± 5-96 ± 4%, respectively. The mixed effect of the four PAs was higher than the same dose of AA. These results will help to determine the potential of PAs to be developed as non-selective herbicides to control weeds in organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Maliang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lancao Jin
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Anliang Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou X, Shi A, Rensing C, Yang J, Ni W, Xing S, Yang W. Wood vinegar facilitated growth and Cd/Zn phytoextraction of Sedum alfredii Hance by improving rhizosphere chemical properties and regulating bacterial community. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119266. [PMID: 35413404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil Cd and Zn contamination has become a serious environmental problem. This work explored the performance of wood vinegar (WV) in enhancing the phytoextraction of Cd/Zn by hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance. Rhizosphere chemical properties, enzyme activities and bacterial community were analyzed to determine the mechanisms of metal accumulation in this process. Results demonstrated that, after 120 days growth, different times dilution of WV increased the shoot biomass of S. alfredii by 85.2%-148%. In addition, WV application significantly increased soil available Cd and Zn by lowing soil pH, which facilitated plant uptake. The optimal Cd and Zn phytoextraction occurred from the 100 times diluted WV (D100), which increased the Cd and Zn extraction by 188% and 164%, compared to CK. The 100 and 50 times diluted WV significantly increased soil total and available carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and enhancing enzyme activities of urease, acid phosphatase, invertase and protease by 10.1-21.4%, 29.1-42.7%,12.2-38.3% and 26.8-85.7%, respectively, compared to CK. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the D 100 significantly increased the bacterial diversity compared to CK. Soil bacterial compositions at phylum, family and genera level were changed by WV addition. Compared to CK, WV application increased the relative abundances of genus with plant growth promotion and metal mobilization function such as, Bacillus, Gemmatimonas, Streptomyces, Sphingomonas and Polycyclovorans, which was positively correlated to biomass, Cd/Zn concentrations and extractions by S. alfredii. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that, soil chemical properties, enzyme activities and bacterial abundance directly or indirectly contributed to the biomass promotion, Cd, and Zn extraction by S. alfredii. To sum up, WV improved phytoextraction efficiency by enhancing plant growth, Cd and Zn extraction and increasing soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and modifying bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - An Shi
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wuzhong Ni
- College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shihe Xing
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Ecosystem Health and Regulation of Fujian Provincial University, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Jindo K, Goron TL, Kurebito S, Matsumoto K, Masunaga T, Mori K, Miyakawa K, Nagao S, Tokunari T. Sustainable Plant Growth Promotion and Chemical Composition of Pyroligneous Acid When Applied with Biochar as a Soil Amendment. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113397. [PMID: 35684334 PMCID: PMC9182051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrolysis of biomass material results in pyroligneous acid (PA) and biochar, among other by-products. In agriculture, PA is recognized as an antimicrobial agent, bio-insecticide, and bio-herbicide due to antioxidant activity provided by a variety of constituent materials. Application of PA to crop plants and soil can result in growth promotion, improved soil health, and reduced reliance on polluting chemical crop inputs. More detailed information regarding chemical compound content within PA and identification of optimal chemical profiles for growth promotion in different crop species is essential for application to yield effective results. Additionally, biochar and PA are often applied in tandem for increased agricultural benefits, but little is known regarding the optimal proportion of each crop input. This work reports on the effect of combined applications of different proportions of PA (200- and 800-fold dilutions) and chemical fertilizer rates (100%, 75%, 50%, and 0%) in the presence or absence of biochar on Komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. perviridis, Japanese mustard spinach) plant growth. To elucidate the chemical composition of the applied PA, four different spectroscopic measurements of fluorescence excitation were utilized for analysis—excitation-emission matrix, ion chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was determined that PA originating from pyrolysis of Japanese pine wood contained different classes of biostimulants (e.g., tryptophan, humic acid, and fulvic acid), and application to Komatsuna plants resulted in increased growth when applied alone, and in different combinations with the other two inputs. Additionally, application of biochar and PA at the higher dilution rate increased leaf accumulation of nutrients, calcium, and phosphorus. These effects reveal that PA and biochar are promising materials for sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Jindo
- Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Travis Luc Goron
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Soboda Kurebito
- Meiwa Co., Ltd., 3-8-1 Minato, Kanazawa 920-0211, Japan; (S.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan;
| | - Tsugiyuki Masunaga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan; (T.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Kouki Mori
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan; (T.M.); (K.M.)
| | - Kazuhiro Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Seiya Nagao
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Takeo Tokunari
- Meiwa Co., Ltd., 3-8-1 Minato, Kanazawa 920-0211, Japan; (S.K.); (T.T.)
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Science and Engineering Complex, 150 Western Avenue, Boston, MA 02134, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Design, 48 Quincy Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Maliang H, Wang P, Chen A, Liu H, Lin H, Ma J. Bamboo Tar as a Novel Fungicide: Its Chemical Components, Laboratory Evaluation, and Field Efficacy Against False Smut and Sheath Blight of Rice and Powdery Mildew and Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:331-338. [PMID: 32772833 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1157-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The application of agricultural and forest residues can benefit the environment and the economy; however, they also generate a large amount of byproducts. In this study, bamboo tar (BT), a waste product of bamboo charcoal production, was dissolved in natural ethanol and the surfactant alkyl glucoside to manufacture a 50% (wt/wt) BT emulsifiable concentrate (BTEC) biopesticide. BTEC was screened for fungicidal activity against pathogens. The greatest activity was seen against Ustilaginoidea virens with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 6 mg/liter. Four phytopathogenic fungi, Podosphaera xanthii, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea, showed EC50 values of <60 mg/liter. Greenhouse tests in vivo showed 2,000 mg/liter BTEC had a 78.4% protective effect against U. virens, and replicated treatments had an 80.6% protective effect. In addition, replicated 2-year field trials were conducted in two geographic locations with four plant diseases: false smut (U. virens), rice sheath blight (Thanatephorus cucumeris [Frank] Donk), cucumber powdery mildew (P. xanthii), and cucumber Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum). Results showed that 1,000 to 2,000 mg/liter BTEC significantly inhibited these diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the total phenolic mass fractions of two BT samples were 45.39 and 48.26%. Eleven components were detected, and their percentage content was as follows (from high to low): 2,6-dimethoxyphenol > 2- or 4-ethylphenol > 2- or 4-methylphenol > phenol > 4-ethylguaiacol > dimethoxyphenol > 4-methylguaiacol > 4-propenyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol > 2,4-dimethylphenol. Some of the phenolic compounds identified from the tar might be fungicidally active components. BT is a biochar waste, which has potential as a biofungicide and has promise in organic agriculture. The value of this tar may not be because of any fundamental physical differences from other synthetic fungicides but rather caused by reduced production expenses and more efficient use of waste products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Maliang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
| | - Pinwei Wang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
| | - Anliang Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
| | - Jianyi Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P.R. China
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