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Wang L, Wen L, Shen J, Wang Y, Wei Q, He W, Liu X, Chen P, Jin Y, Yue D, Zhai Y, Mai H, Zeng X, Hu Q, Lin W. The association between PM 2.5 components and blood pressure changes in late pregnancy: A combined analysis of traditional and machine learning models. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118827. [PMID: 38580006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PM2.5 is a harmful mixture of various chemical components that pose a challenge in determining their individual and combined health effects due to multicollinearity issues with traditional linear regression models. This study aimed to develop an analytical methodology combining traditional and novel machine learning models to evaluate PM2.5's combined effects on blood pressure (BP) and identify the most toxic components. METHODS We measured late-pregnancy BP of 1138 women from the Heshan cohort while simultaneously analyzing 31 PM2.5 components. We utilized multiple linear regression modeling to establish the relationship between PM2.5 components and late-pregnancy BP and applied Random Forest (RF) and generalized Weighted Quantile Sum (gWQS) regression to identify the most toxic components contributing to elevated BP and to quantitatively evaluate the cumulative effect of the PM2.5 component mixtures. RESULTS The results revealed that 16 PM2.5 components, such as EC, OC, Ti, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Mg, K, Pb, Se, Na+, K+, Cl-, NO3-, and F-, contributed to elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), while 26 components, including two carbon components (EC, OC), fourteen metallics (Ti, Fe, Mn, Cr, Mo, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Na, Mg, Al, K, Pb), one metalloid (Se), and nine water-soluble ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NH4+, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, F-), contributed to elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Mn and Cr were the most toxic components for elevated SBP and DBP, respectively, as analyzed by RF and gWQS models and verified against each other. Exposure to PM2.5 component mixtures increased SBP by 1.04 mmHg (95% CI: 0.33-1.76) and DBP by 1.13 mmHg (95% CI: 0.47-1.78). CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the effectiveness of combining traditional and novel models as an analytical strategy to quantify the health effects of PM2.5 constituent mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianling Shen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiannan Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenjie He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Peiyao Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dingli Yue
- Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Yuhong Zhai
- Guangdong Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring, Guangzhou, 510308, China
| | - Huiying Mai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangmen, 529700, China
| | - Xiaoling Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangmen, 529700, China
| | - Qiansheng Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Wang H, Han L, Li T, Qu S, Zhao Y, Fan S, Chen T, Cui H, Liu J. Temporal-spatial distributions of road silt loadings and fugitive road dust emissions in Beijing from 2019 to 2020. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 132:56-70. [PMID: 37336610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Road silt loading (sL) is an important parameter in the fugitive road dust (FRD) emissions. In this study, the improved Testing Re-entrained Aerosol Kinetic Emissions from Roads (TRAKER) combined with the AP-42 method was firstly developed to quickly measure and estimate the sLs of paved roads in Beijing, China. The annual average sLs in Beijing was 0.59±0.31 g/m2 in 2020, and decreased by 22.4% compared with that in 2019. The seasonal variations of sLs followed the order of spring > winter > summer > autumn in the two years. The seasonal mean road sLs on the same type road in the four seasons presented a decline trend from 2019 to 2020, especially on the Express way, decreasing 47.4%-72.7%. The road sLs on the different type roads in the same season followed the order of Major arterial ∼ Minor arterial ∼ Branch road > Express road, and Township road ∼ Country highway > Provincial highway ∼ National highway. The emission intensities of PM10 and PM2.5 from FRD in Beijing in 2020 were lower than those in 2019. The PM10 and PM2.5 emission intensities at the four planning areas in the two years all presented the order of the capital functional core area > the urban functional expansion area > the urban development new area > the ecological conservation and development area. The annual emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 from FRD in Beijing in 2020 were 74,886 ton and 18,118 ton, respectively, decreasing by ∼33.3% compared with those in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Lihui Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Song Qu
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuncheng Zhao
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Shoubin Fan
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Tong Chen
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Haoran Cui
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Junfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
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3
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Cui H, Qi Y, Guo C, Tang N. The effect of PM 2.5 exposure on the mortality of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28039-1. [PMID: 37273052 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown the effects of PM2.5 exposure on respiratory and cardiovascular systems. However, there is no cohort study evidence of adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure on survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in China. This study is aimed at evaluating this association. This cohort study included 1440 HCC patients treated at the Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University from September 2013 to December 2018. We collected patient information, including demographic data, medical history, lifestyle characteristics, and disease characteristics. Based on PM2.5 concentrations measured at monitoring stations, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method was used to assess the individuals' exposure during their survival period. Survival status was analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relationship between PM2.5 and mortality, and potential confounders were adjusted for. The mortality rate of HCC patients exposed to PM2.5 ≥ 58.56 μg/m3 was significantly higher than that of HCC patients living in environments with PM2.5 < 58.56 μg/m3 (79.0% vs 50.7%, P < 0.001). The restricted cubic spline model showed a linear relationship between the PM2.5 concentration and mortality risk (P overall-association < 0.0001 and P nonlinear-association = 0.3568). Cox regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, for every 10-μg/m3 increase in atmospheric PM2.5, the risk of death for HCC patients increased by 44% [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34, 1.56; P < 0.001]. Compared with patients exposed to PM2.5 <58.56 μg/m3, those exposed to PM2.5 ≥ 58.56 μg/m3 had a 1.55-fold increased risk of death. Stratified analysis results showed that the effects of PM2.5 on HCC mortality were more significant in patients aged ≥60 years or patients living in central urban areas. We found that exposure to elevated PM2.5 after HCC diagnosis may affect survival, with a higher concentration corresponding to a greater effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Ye Qi
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chunyue Guo
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Naijun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Meteorological Station Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Han L, Yang X, Zhang P, Xiao Q, Cheng S, Wang H, Guo J, Zheng A. Temporal variations of urban re-suspended road dust characteristics and its vital contributions to airborne PM 2.5/PM 10 during a long period in Beijing. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121727. [PMID: 37137406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Re-suspended road dust RRD as RRD2.5 and RRD10 can even more easily enter the atmospheric environment, showing a kind of significant potential to influence atmospheric environment. A campaign of sampling RRD samples at 53 sites and aerosol samples at a representative urban site in Beijing in October 2014, January, April and July 2015 was accomplished, and combined with RRD in 2003, and 2016-2018 periods to investigate the seasonal variations of chemical components in RRD2.5 and RRD10, long-term evolutions of RRD characteristics in 2003-2018, and source composition changes of RRD. Meanwhile a technique based on Mg/Al indicator for effectively estimating contributions of RRD to PM was developed. It is found that pollution elements and water-soluble ions in RRD were largely enriched in RRD2.5. The pollution elements presented an obvious seasonal variation in RRD2.5, however showed various seasonal variations in RRD10. These pollution elements in RRD, due to being mainly impacted by both increasing traffic activities and atmospheric pollution control measures, almost display a single-peak change in 2003-2018. The water-soluble ions in RRD2.5 and RRD10 presented various seasonal variations, and displayed an evident increase in 2003-2015. The source composition of RRD in 2003-2015 posed a significant change that traffic activities, crustal soil, secondary pollution species and biomass combustion became significant contributors to RRD. The contributions of RRD2.5/RRD10 to mineral aerosols in PM2.5/PM10 presented a similar seasonal variation. The synergistic effects of meteorological factors and anthropogenic activities in different seasons were significant motive force influencing the contributions of RRD to the mineral aerosols. The pollution elements Cr and Ni in RRD2.5 were the significant contributors to PM2.5, however, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in RRD10 were the important contributors to PM10. The research will provide a new significant scientific guide for further controlling atmospheric pollution and improving air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Han
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Xuemei Yang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Analysis and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Aihua Zheng
- Analysis and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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5
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Wang X, Yang J, Li X. Study on characteristics and microscopic mechanism of composite environment-friendly dust suppressant for urban construction site soil fugitive dust based on response surface methodology optimization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41954-41969. [PMID: 36640236 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil fugitive dust pollution caused by urban construction sites is a significant problem. To improve the dust suppression efficiency on the urban construction sites, hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were selected as individual components of the composite dust suppressant using a single-factor test. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal mixing proportions. After preparation, the characteristics of the composite dust suppressant were tested. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the composite dust suppressant and explore its mechanism. The results showed that 0.327% HPG, 0.6% OB-2, and 0.5% HPMC were the best compound concentrations. Under optimum conditions, the viscosity of the composite dust suppressant was 151.1 [Formula: see text], penetration time was 61.4 s, and water retention rate was 30.67%. Compared with traditional dust control by spraying water, it showed better resistance to evaporation at high temperatures and better wind erosion resistance. The antievaporation rate was 39.42% at 60 °C. After 11 d of continuous wind erosion at level 7, the wind erosion resistance rate was as high as 98.24%. The reason for the excellent dust suppression effect of the composite dust suppressant is that the methyl and hydroxyl groups in the solution diffuse to the surface of the soil fugitive dust particles using Brownian motion and gradually approach the corresponding groups in the soil fugitive dust particles. When the distance between the two reaches 10 [Formula: see text], adsorption occurs, causing small dust particles to stick together. Because of the stability of the covalent bonds in the methyl and hydroxyl groups, a stable solidified layer is formed on the soil fugitive dust surface after the evaporation of the composite dust inhibitor solution, thereby avoiding secondary dust. In addition, the composite dust suppressant is noncorrosive and friendly to the construction site environment. Therefore, the composite dust suppressant can effectively reduce soil fugitive dust, alleviate environmental pollution, and provide a reference for preventing and controlling soil fugitive dust on urban construction sites and preparing composite environment-friendly dust suppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Wang
- College of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Junni Yang
- College of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Safety Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China
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Wei T, Yang S, Wang L. Operational parameters impact on spatial and temporal distribution and multifractal characteristics of particulate matter concentration under the sink effect. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Chen H, Wu D, Wang Q, Fang L, Wang Y, Zhan C, Zhang J, Zhang S, Cao J, Qi S, Liu S. The Predominant Sources of Heavy Metals in Different Types of Fugitive Dust Determined by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) Modeling in Southeast Hubei: A Typical Mining and Metallurgy Area in Central China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13227. [PMID: 36293808 PMCID: PMC9602615 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To develop accurate air pollution control policies, it is necessary to determine the sources of different types of fugitive dust in mining and metallurgy areas. A method integrating principal component analysis and a positive matrix factorization model was used to identify the potential sources of heavy metals (HMs) in five different types of fugitive dust. The results showed accumulation of Mn, Fe, and Cu can be caused by natural geological processes, which contributed 38.55% of HMs. The Ni and Co can be released from multiple transport pathways and accumulated through local deposition, which contributed 29.27%. Mining-related activities contributed 20.11% of the HMs and showed a relatively high accumulation of As, Sn, Zn, and Cr, while traffic-related emissions contributed the rest of the HMs and were responsible for the enrichment in Pb and Cd. The co-applied source-identification models improved the precision of the identification of sources, which revealed that the local geological background and mining-related activities were mainly responsible for the accumulation of HMs in the area. The findings can help the government develop targeted control strategies for HM dispersion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Research Center of Ecological Environment Restoration and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, The First Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Huangshi 435000, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Research Center of Ecological Environment Restoration and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, The First Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Huangshi 435000, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Research Center of Ecological Environment Restoration and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, The First Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Huangshi 435000, China
| | - Lihu Fang
- Research Center of Ecological Environment Restoration and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, The First Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Huangshi 435000, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Research Center of Ecological Environment Restoration and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, The First Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Huangshi 435000, China
| | - Changlin Zhan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Research Center of Ecological Environment Restoration and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, The First Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Huangshi 435000, China
| | - Jiaquan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Research Center of Ecological Environment Restoration and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, The First Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Huangshi 435000, China
| | - Shici Zhang
- School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, China
- Research Center of Ecological Environment Restoration and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, The First Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Huangshi 435000, China
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Wang S, Xiong Z, Wang L, Yang X, Yan X, Li Y, Zhang C, Liang T. Potential hot spots contaminated with exogenous, rare earth elements originating from e-waste dismantling and recycling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119717. [PMID: 35810987 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dismantling and recycling e-waste has been recognized as a potential emission source of rare earth elements (REEs). However, the presence of REEs in typical regional soils has yet to be studied. Given the potential health implications of such soil contamination, it is vital to study the characteristics, spatial distribution, and pollution level of REEs caused by e-waste dismantling as well as determine the influencing mechanism. This study focused on Guiyu Town as an example site, which is a typical e-waste dismantling base. From the site, 39 topsoil samples of different types were collected according to grid distribution points. Soil profiles were also collected in the dismantling and non-dismantling areas. The REE characteristic parameters showed that the REE distribution was abnormal and was affected by multiple factors. The results of the integrated pollution index showed that approximately 61.5% of soil samples were considered to be lightly polluted. Spatial distribution and correlation analysis showed that hot spots of REE-polluted soil coincided with known, main pollution sources. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation (p ≤0.05) between the REE concentration and the distance from the pollution source. E-waste disassembly and recycling greatly affect the physical and chemical properties of the surrounding soil as well as downward migration areas. In the disassembly area, REE accumulated more easily in the surface layer (0-20 cm). Geographical detector results showed that distance factor was the main contribution factor for both light rare earth elements (LREE) and heavy rare earth element (HREE) (q = 34.59% and 53.33%, respectively). REE distribution in soil was nonlinear enhanced by different factors. Taken together, these results showed that e-waste disassembling and recycling not only directly affected the spatial distribution of REEs, but that their distribution was also affected by land use type and soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhunan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - You Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- Department of Geography, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Xing W, Luo J, Ippolito JA, Lu R, Hao Z, Li L. Metal contamination in soils and windowsill dusts: implication of multiple sources on dust metal accumulation within a city affected by Pb smelting. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68447-68459. [PMID: 35543780 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of total Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in soils (0-5 cm) and windowsill dust fractions (45-125, 10-45, and < 10 μm), and soil pollution indices (PI), were investigated in a long-term (~ 70 years) Pb smelter area and in the nearby urban city of Jiyuan, China. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to identify metal contamination sources. Results showed that mean soil Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations in the smelter area were 803, 13.8, 118, and 323 mg kg-1, while those of the urban area were 270, 7.95, 51.6, and 244 mg kg-1, respectively. Lead and Cd had greater soil PI than Cu and Zn. Lead concentrations in the 45-125, 10-45, and < 10-μm urban dust fractions ranged from 197.1 to 1953 (mean 1020), 202-3962 (2407), and 51.1-1258 (310.7) mg kg-1, while Cd concentrations ranged from 11.1 to 111 (49.2), 10.4-159 (64.3) and 21.5-131 (60.0) mg kg-1, respectively. Excessive Zn concentrations (5000-22,000 mg kg-1) in some urban dust samples were found at two sampling sites, while Zn concentrations were < 2600 mg kg-1 in all other samples. Based on PCA results, metal accumulation near the Pb smelter was dominated by smelting activities. The PCA results further suggested that mass vehicular transportation modes may be an important source of metals such as Cu and Zn in the urban area. Certain samples in both sub-areas had unsafe potential non-carcinogenic risks of Pb for children. These findings suggest that reducing environmentally relevant metal concentrations in this, and similar areas, will likely require a multi-faceted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Xing
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - James A Ippolito
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1170, USA
| | - Ruilong Lu
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhongyu Hao
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Liping Li
- School of the Environment, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Remediation and Food Quality Security, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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The Contents of Potentially Toxic Elements and Emission Characteristics of PM2.5 in Soil Fugitive Dust around Six Cities of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in China. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The contents of potentially toxic elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) and emission characteristics of PM2.5 in soil fugitive dust (SFD) in six Yunnan cities (Baoshan, Kunming, Wenshan, Honghe, Yuxi, and Zhaotong) were investigated in this research. The results showed that the contents of Zn and Pb in PM2.5 of SFD were the highest around Honghe and Yuxi, respectively, while the contents of Mn were the highest in PM2.5 of SFD around the other four cities. The enrichment factor and correlation indicated that the potentially toxic elements’ pollution degrees of PM2.5 of SFD around Kunming, Yuxi, and Honghe were higher than those around the other three cities and that potentially toxic elements were generally affected by metal smelting activities, and in Zhaotong, were affected by coal burning activities, while in Wenshan and Baoshan were less affected by human activities. The total emission of PM2.5 of SFD in the six cities was 7705.49 t in 2018. The total emission factor of PM2.5 of SFD reached the highest level from January to May and the lowest level from July to October. The health risk assessment showed that the potentially toxic elements in PM2.5 of SFD for children in the six cities and for adults in Baoshan, Kunming, Honghe, and Zhaotong had non-carcinogenic risk (non-carcinogenic risk thresholds were greater than 1), and As contributes most to non-carcinogenic risk. The carcinogenic risk value of Cr in PM2.5 of SFD in Kunming and Zhaotong was between 1 × 10−6 and 1 × 10−4, which had a certain carcinogenic risk. More attention should be paid to alleviate health risks posed by particle-bound potentially toxic elements through SFD.
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11
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Lin YC, Yu M, Xie F, Zhang Y. Anthropogenic Emission Sources of Sulfate Aerosols in Hangzhou, East China: Insights from Isotope Techniques with Consideration of Fractionation Effects between Gas-to-Particle Transformations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3905-3914. [PMID: 35294169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate (SO42-) is a major species in atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5), inducing haze formation and influencing Earth's climate. In this study, the δ34S values in PM2.5 sulfate (δ34S-SO42-) were measured in Hangzhou, east China, from 2015 September to 2016 October. The result showed that the δ34S-SO42- values varied from 1.6 to 6.4‰ with the higher values in the winter. The estimated fractionation factor (α34Sg→p) from SO2 to SO42- averaged at 3.9 ± 1.6‰. The higher α34Sg→p values in the winter were mainly attributed to the decrease of ambient temperature. We further compared the quantified source apportionments of sulfate by isotope techniques with and without the consideration of fractionation factors. The result revealed that the partitioned emission sources to sulfate with the consideration of the fractionation effects were more logical, highlighting that fractionation effects should be considered in partitioning emission sources to sulfate using sulfur isotope techniques. With considering the fractionation effects, coal burning was the dominant source to sulfate (85.5%), followed by traffic emissions (12.8%) and oil combustion (1.7%). However, the coal combustion for residential heating contributed only 0.9% to sulfate on an annual basis in this megacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Lin
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster; Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mingyuan Yu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster; Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster; Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yanlin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate and Environment Change, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Key Laboratory Meteorological Disaster; Ministry of Education & Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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12
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Yang X, Zheng M, Liu Y, Yan C, Liu J, Liu J, Cheng Y. Exploring sources and health risks of metals in Beijing PM 2.5: Insights from long-term online measurements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:151954. [PMID: 34843775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To gain a comprehensive understanding of sources, health risks, and regional transport of PM2.5-bound metals in Beijing, one-year continuous measurement (K, Fe, Ca, Zn, Pb, Mn, Ba, Cu, As, Se, Cr, and Ni) was conducted from December 2016 to November 2017 and Positive Matrix Factorization analysis (PMF) was applied for source apportionment. It was found that the seasonal variation of sources could vary significantly among metals. Sources of Ca, Ba, As, Se, and Cr did not show much seasonal variations, with the contribution of its predominant source higher than 35% in each season. However, the major sources of K, Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, and Ni exhibited obvious seasonal variations. In addition, the characteristics of metals in haze episodes were comprehensively investigated. Haze episodes in Beijing were characterized by higher metal concentrations and health risks, which were about 2- 6 times higher than non-haze periods. Moreover, the types of haze episode were different in winter and spring. Haze episodes in winter were mostly influenced by coal combustion, the contribution of which increased greatly and accounted for about 30% of PM2.5. The metals such as K, Zn, Pb, As, and Se significantly increased, which were mainly transported from south of Beijing. During haze episodes in spring, dust was an important source, which contributed to higher concentrations of crustal metals that transported from northwest of Beijing. To quickly and effectively identify source regions of metals in Beijing during haze episodes, a new diagnostic ratio method using Ca as a reference was developed. The ratios of some anthropogenic metals to Ca significantly increased when air mass was mainly from south of Beijing during haze episodes while the ratios remained constantly low in non-haze periods, when local emissions dominated. This method could be useful for rapid identification and control of metal pollution in Beijing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Caiqing Yan
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiumeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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13
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Wang J, Yu J, Gong Y, Wu L, Yu Z, Wang J, Gao R, Liu W. Pollution characteristics, sources and health risk of metals in urban dust from different functional areas in Nanjing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111607. [PMID: 34197818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban dust is an important medium of potential toxic metal (PTM) pollution that affects human health and the urban ecosystems. A total of 374 fugitive dust samples were collected in Nanjing, a fast-developing city in southern China, including six sub-types of dust (residential district, commercial district, industrial district, traffic district, cultural and educational district, green land). Chemical analysis of eighteen metal elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was carried out to establish the sub-type sources profiles of fine particles for fugitive dust. The results show that these metals (Cu, Zn, Se, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, and Pb) are mainly from anthropogenic sources and present a high degree of pollution; Mn, As, and Ba are moderately affected by human activities and present a significant degree of pollution; Ni, Co, Cr, Tl, V, Be, and Ti mainly originate from natural sources and present significant, moderate and minimal degrees of pollution. For the dust types from different functional areas, the differences of enrichment factor (EF) values were relatively small. Metals were highly concentrated in dust from residential, cultural and educational district, which had high density population and would pose higher health risk. In all types of dust, the metals rich in crust (Ti, Mn, Ba, Sr) and the metals (Cu, Zn, Pb) closely connected with city activities were the main components. Factor analysis revealed that there were six main sources of metals in dust collected from Nanjing: industrial activity, building decoration, soil dust, metal smelting, traffic emissions, and brake abrasion. Generally, noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of metals found in dust are rarely found for children and adults based on health risk assessments. However, the noncarcinogenic risk of Pb in commercial districts for children should be noted because its hazard quotient was higher than the safety threshold level. For the accumulative health risk of eighteen metals, the noncarcinogenic risk values of dust from six functional areas for children were all over the threshold (1.0), whereas below 1.0 for adults. The difference between children and adults was relatively obvious. All accumulative risk values of carcinogenic metals did not exceed the carcinogenic risk threshold of 1 × 10-4, which suggested that no risk prevention measures were needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yan Gong
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University), No. 499 Jincheng Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University), No. 499 Jincheng Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, No. 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Wenwei Liu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (The Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanjing Medical University), No. 499 Jincheng Road, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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14
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Jin Z, Lv J. Evaluating source-oriented human health risk of potentially toxic elements: A new exploration of multiple age groups division. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147502. [PMID: 33991919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective source-oriented human health risk assessment (HHRA) for people in different life stages will guide pollution control and risk prevention. This work integrated three receptor models of positive matrix factorization, Unmix, and factor analysis with nonnegative constraints for accurate source-oriented HHRA of potentially toxic elements in 6 age groups of populations (0-<1 year, 1-<6 years, 6-<12 years, 12-<18 years, 18-<44 years, and 44+ years). Four sources were identified. Natural source controlled As, Cr, and Ni in dust and soil as well as Pb and Zn in soil. Industrial-traffic emissions contributed most of Cd in dust and soil as well as Pb and Zn in dust. Hg in both dust and soil originated from coal combustion. Construction works contributed more to PTEs in soil than in dust. Noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for both dust and soil changed in similar trends by age. The noncancer risk reduced with increasing age for people below 44 years. Carcinogenic risk of females over 44 years were the highest, while children from 0 to 1 year faced the lowest carcinogenic risk. Among the four origins of PTEs, natural sources contributed most to health risk of PTEs, followed by industrial-traffic sources, construction works, and coal combustion. Based on sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS), the susceptible population and risk areas were identified. Children from 0 to 6 years were identified as susceptible population. The areas with noncancer risk in dust were 19.15 km2 for 0-<1 year and 3.14 km2 for children from 1 to <6 years, and noncancer risk areas in soil were 30.26 km2 for 0-<1 year and 0.85 km2 for 1-<6 years. Relevant control and management works were demanded on children from 0 to 6 years and noncancer risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jin
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Jianshu Lv
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan 250014, China.
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15
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Yadav K, Sunder Raman R. Size-segregated chemical source profiles and potential health impacts of multiple sources of fugitive dust in and around Bhopal, central India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117385. [PMID: 34051581 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 and PM10 fugitive dust samples from multiple sources (construction, demolition, industrial, agricultural fields, and bare ground) were collected in triplicate for each size bin, from 18 distinct locations in and around Bhopal, central India. The dust samples were dried, sieved, and re-suspended in a chamber fitted with a suitable sampling system, to collect PM2.5 and PM10 samples onto Teflon and Quartz filters. The filters were subjected to gravimetric and chemical analyses. Trace elements, water-soluble ions, and thermal-optical carbon fractions were quantified using a variety of analyses. These species were then used to develop PM10 and PM2.5 chemical source profiles of the fugitive dust sources. As expected, crustal species were abundant in all source categories. For industrial dust, Fe contribution to mass in both size fractions was about 11.4% and above the upper continental crustal abundance. Further, the source profiles generated for each source were different from their counterparts in the US EPA SPECIATE database and profiles reported in literature. Thus, it will be useful to utilize profiles generated in this study to enhance receptor model performance for the study region. However, collinearity analysis of the profiles revealed that PM10 agricultural and bare ground dust; and PM2.5 construction and demolition dust profile pairs may not be separated by receptor models. Finally, a human health risk assessment revealed that construction and industrial dust may pose significant risk to the population. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) metric revealed that adults (2 × 10-5) and children (1 × 10-5) were susceptible to cancer risk from exposure to metals in PM2.5 fugitive dust. Further, children were more vulnerable than adults. This finding merits further investigation of oxidation state and solubility/bioavailability of Cr and Ni in fugitive dusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Yadav
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, India
| | - Ramya Sunder Raman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, India; Center for Research on Environmental and Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, India.
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16
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Sun J, Yu J, Shen Z, Niu X, Wang D, Wang X, Xu H, Chuang HC, Cao J, Ho KF. Oxidative stress-inducing effects of various urban PM 2.5 road dust on human lung epithelial cells among 10 Chinese megacities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112680. [PMID: 34418851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 Road dust samples were collected from 10 representative cities in southern and northern China for examination of chemical components and oxidative stress levels in A549 cells. Downtown road dust was abundance of heavy metals, EC and PAHs compared to nondowntown road dust. Source apportionment also revealed the relative higher contribution of vehicle emission to downtown (35.8%) than nondowntown road dust (25.5%). Consequently, downtown road dust induced much higher intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) levels than that from nondowntown (p < 0.05). This study highlights that the ROS-inducing capacity of road dust in China is lower at lower latitudes, which resulted in a significantly higher ROS-inducing capacity of road dust from northern cities than southern ones. Hotspot analysis demonstrated that heavy metals (i.e., Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb) in road dust were the most closely associated with ROS production in A549 cells. Vehicle emission and combustion emission in road dust were identified to be correlated with cellular ROS production. The findings highlight the ROS-inducing effect of PM2.5 road dust and also serve as a reference to make the targeted solutions for urban road dust pollution control, especially from a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Diwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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