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Braga APA, de Souza LR, Lima MGF, de Moraes Cunha Gonçalves M, Marin-Morales MA. A study on phytogenotoxicity induced by biogenic amines: cadaverine and putrescine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33328-4. [PMID: 38622416 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Among the compounds present in necro-leachate, a liquid released during the process of decomposition of the human body, are the biogenic amines cadaverine and putrescine. Although some studies on necro-leachate have indicated a potential ecotoxicological and public health risk associated with it, the research on this type of contamination is still rather limited. This study presents information about the phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic potential of cadaverine and putrescine, evaluated separately and within a mixture. Phytotoxicity was evaluated through a germination test, the initial growth of seedlings with Lactuca sativa, and cytogenotoxicity through chromosomal aberration and micronucleus tests with Allium cepa. The L. sativa results showed a phytotoxic effect for the evaluated amines, by reducing root (> 90%) and hypocotyl (> 80%) elongation. The co-exposure of cadaverine and putrescine potentiated cytogenotoxic activity by aneugenic action in the meristematic cells of A. cepa. From this result, it is possible to infer the eco-toxicogenic potential of cadaverine and putrescine. This study not only highlights the importance of the phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic effects of these amines but also emphasizes the urgent need for further investigation into contamination originating from cemetery environments. By evaluating the risks associated with necro-leachate, this research is aimed at informing global efforts to protect ecological and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Andrade Braga
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, Avenue 24-A, P.O Box 178, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 151513506-900, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Rosa de Souza
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, Avenue 24-A, P.O Box 178, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 151513506-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Franco Lima
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, Avenue 24-A, P.O Box 178, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 151513506-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Aparecida Marin-Morales
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, Avenue 24-A, P.O Box 178, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 151513506-900, Brazil
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Kronberg MF, Rossen A, Clavijo A, Manetti M, Moya A, Calvo D, Mariani A, Hernández R, Salatino SE, Morábito J, Rossi M, Munarriz E. Integrated water quality assessment of two Rivers Basins from a semiarid region of Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:2279-2296. [PMID: 38057677 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The Tunuyán and Mendoza River Basins (Province of Mendoza, Argentina) have been selected as a representative semiarid region to test the applicability of an integrated water quality evaluation. To detect spatio-temporal variations of anthropic contamination, physicochemical and bacteriological parameters, as well as three ecotoxicological assays, were assessed in reference sites for 3 years. Bioassays based on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the vascular plant Lactuca sativa, and the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were performed and toxicological categories were established. Our results showed that water quality, as well as water toxicity, deteriorates as both river systems run through urban areas. Interestingly, monitoring sites with good physicochemical and bacteriological qualities but with toxicity were identified, illustrating that traditional water quality studies do not predict potential toxic effects on living organisms. In addition, a multivariate statistical analysis was performed to detect clusters of monitoring sites according to the water quality status. In the context of climate change, this study provides information to support that integrated water monitoring is an essential tool to ensure sustainable water management and to guarantee economic growth, human health, food security, and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Kronberg
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, UBA, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariana Rossen
- Laboratorio Experimental de Tecnologías Sustentables, Instituto Nacional del Agua (INA), Au. Ezeiza -Cañuelas, Tramo Jorge Newbery Km 1620, B1804, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Araceli Clavijo
- CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Salta, Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional, Avda. Bolivia 5150, A4408FVY, Ciudad de Salta, Argentina
| | - Mariana Manetti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, UBA, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aldana Moya
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Protección Vegetal, UBA, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Calvo
- Subgerencia de Servicios Hidrológicos, INA, Au., Ezeiza-Cañuelas, Tamo Jorge Newbery Km 1620, B1804, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Mariani
- Centro Regional Andino, INA, Belgrano Oeste 210, M5500FIF, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Rocio Hernández
- Centro Regional Andino, INA, Belgrano Oeste 210, M5500FIF, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Santa E Salatino
- Centro Regional Andino, INA, Belgrano Oeste 210, M5500FIF, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - José Morábito
- Centro Regional Andino, INA, Belgrano Oeste 210, M5500FIF, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Mario Rossi
- CONICET - Universidad Austral Genómica Funcional y Ciencia de Datos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Derqui, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Munarriz
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales (INBA), Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Agronomía, Cátedra de Bioquímica, UBA, Avda. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Aragão FB, Galter IN, Grecco KD, Coelho EJR, da Silva TT, Bonomo MM, Fernandes MN, Matsumoto ST. Toxic risk evaluation of effluents from a swine biodigester in the plant models Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:64. [PMID: 38112861 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Pig farming is recognized as an activity with great polluting potential. The aim was to investigate possible environmental risks of effluents from the stabilization pond (SP) and the raw effluent (RE) from the biodigestion process of swine residues, in different concentrations in the models Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa. Seeds were germinated in different dilutions, 100% (C1), 50% (C2), 25% (C3), 12.5% (C4), 6.25% (C5), 3.12% (C6), 0.78% (C7), and 0.39% (C8). Distilled water was used as the negative control (CN) and trifluralin (0.84 g/L-1) as the positive control. Germination (GR), root growth (RG), cell cycle, and oxidative stress (OS) were analyzed. To assess OS, the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the quantification of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed. Data were submitted to ANOVA (one way), followed by the Kruskal-Wallis mean test (P ≤ 0.05). Chemical analysis showed high values of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. Dilutions (C1, C2, C3 RE) and (C1 and C2 SP) inhibited GR and RG of L. sativa and A. cepa than other concentrations. The mitotic index showed a reduction in C5 (RE), C6, and C7 (SP) of L. sativa and C3 and C4 (SP) of A. cepa in relation to CN and higher frequencies of chromosomal alterations. Regarding the OS, only the concentrations of SP treatment showed statistical difference in relation to the NC: in L. sativa model, GSH at (C5 and C8) concentrations and LPO (C7); in A. cepa model, SOD (C3 and C4), GST (C4, C5 and C6), GSH (C5 and C8), and CAT (C3 and C7). The alterations in metabolism are possibly related to the metals, such as zinc and copper, observed in high amounts in the raw waste. The results allowed us to conclude that the raw and stabilization pond effluents offer environmental risks, requiring caution and monitoring in the use of these effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielen Barroso Aragão
- Biology Department, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29.075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
| | - Iasmini Nicoli Galter
- Biology Department, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29.075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Kalia Dável Grecco
- Biology Department, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29.075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Edvar Junior Roncetti Coelho
- Biology Department, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29.075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Tainá Turial da Silva
- Biology Department, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29.075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Marina Marques Bonomo
- Physiological Sciences Department, Center of Human and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Physiological Sciences Department, Center of Human and Health, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Silvia Tamie Matsumoto
- Biology Department, Center of Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29.075-910, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
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Santos KR, Galter IN, Grecco KD, Silva EZM, Lascola MB, Dos Santos SN, Aragão FB, Arrivabene HP, Milanez CRD, Fernandes MN, Matsumoto ST. Toxicogenetic, biochemical, and anatomical effects of the herbicide Clethodim on Allium cepa L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125388-125397. [PMID: 38001291 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are compounds with several chemical or biological agents developed to potentiate the biocide action. Their use is associated with increased economic and agricultural productivity worldwide but can harm health and the environment, damaging existing biota. Clethodim is a systemic post-emergent herbicide for grasses, highly selective for cotton, coffee, onions, carrots, soybeans, etc. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the harmful effect of the herbicide Clethodim with the model plant Allium cepa. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of the herbicide under study. Germination tests, root growth, cell, and nucleolar cycle analysis, as well as oxidative stress assessment and histological analysis of the roots, were performed. The results indicated that the herbicide demonstrated phytotoxicity, inhibiting germination at C1 (1.92 g/L) and C3 (0.84 g/L), and root growth at all concentrations, presenting mutagenicity at C1 (1.92 g/L) and C4 (0.24 g/L), evidenced by the increased frequency of micronuclei. In addition, changes were observed in the enzymatic activity of the enzymes catalase at concentrations C1 (1.92 g/L) and C2 (0.96 g/L) and ascorbate peroxidase at concentrations C1 (1.92 g/L), C2 (0. 96 g/L), and C3 (0.48 g/L) and in cell elongation at concentrations C1 (1.92 g/L) and C3 (0.48 g/L), demonstrated in histological analyses of the root apex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Rodolfo Santos
- In Vitro and In Vivo Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil.
| | - Iasmini Nicoli Galter
- In Vitro and In Vivo Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Kalia Dável Grecco
- In Vitro and In Vivo Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Enzo Zini Moreira Silva
- In Vitro (Eco)Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Av. Cel. Francisco H. Dos Santos, 100, Curitiba, Paraná, PR, 81530-000, Brazil
| | - Mylena Boeque Lascola
- In Vitro and In Vivo Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Sara Nascimento Dos Santos
- In Vitro and In Vivo Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Francielen Barroso Aragão
- In Vitro and In Vivo Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Hiulana Pereira Arrivabene
- In Vitro and In Vivo Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Camilla Rozindo Dias Milanez
- In Vitro and In Vivo Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Laboratory of Comparative Zoophysiology and Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235 Monjolinho São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Silvia Tamie Matsumoto
- In Vitro and In Vivo Mutagenesis Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
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Alias C, Piovani G, Benassi L, Abbà A, Sorlini S, Gelatti U, Zerbini I, Feretti D. Evaluation of Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Concrete Cast with Steel Slags Using Higher Terrestrial Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2193-2200. [PMID: 37401854 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential impact of concrete mixtures containing steel slag (SS) as a partial replacement of natural aggregates (NA) on the terrestrial ecosystem was assessed using a battery of plant-based bioassays. Leaching tests were conducted on four concrete mixtures and one mixture containing only NA (reference concrete). Leachates were tested for phytotoxicity using seeds of Lepidium sativum, Cucumis sativus, and Allium cepa. Emerging seedlings of L. sativum and A. cepa were used to assess DNA damage (comet test). The genotoxicity of the leachates was also analyzed with bulbs of A. cepa using the comet and chromosome aberration tests. None of the samples caused phytotoxic effects. On the contrary, almost all the samples supported the seedlings; and two leachates, one from the SS-containing concrete and the other from the reference concrete, promoted the growth of C. sativus and A. cepa. The DNA damage of L. sativum and A. cepa seedlings was significantly increased only by the reference concrete sample. In contrast, the DNA damage in A. cepa bulbs was significantly enhanced by the reference concrete but also by that of a concrete sample with SS. Furthermore, all leachates caused an increase in chromosomal aberrations in A. cepa bulbs. Despite some genotoxic effects of the concrete on plant cells, the partial replacement of SS does not seem to make the concrete more hazardous than the reference concrete, suggesting the potential use of SS as a reliable recycled material. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2193-2200. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Alias
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- B+LabNet-Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Piovani
- B+LabNet-Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Benassi
- B+LabNet-Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Abbà
- B+LabNet-Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sorlini
- B+LabNet-Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Umberto Gelatti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- B+LabNet-Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zerbini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- B+LabNet-Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- B+LabNet-Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Alias C, Feretti D, Viola GVC, Zerbini I, Bisceglie F, Pelosi G, Zani C. Allium cepa tests: A plant-based tool for the early evaluation of toxicity and genotoxicity of newly synthetized antifungal molecules. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 889:503654. [PMID: 37491113 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Many fungal genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria are able to produce, among many other metabolites, the aflatoxins, a group of toxic and carcinogenic compounds. To reduce their formation, synthetic fungicides are used as an effective way of intervention. However, the extensive use of such molecules generates long-term residues into the food and the environment. The need of new antifungal molecules, with high specificity and low off-target toxicity is worth. The aim of this study was to evaluate: i) the toxicity and genotoxicity of newly synthesized molecules with a good anti-mycotoxic activity, and ii) the suitability of the Allium cepa multi-endpoint assay as an early screening method for chemicals. Eight compounds were tested for toxicity by using the A. cepa bulb root elongation test and for genotoxicity using the A. cepa bulb mitotic index, micronuclei and chromosome aberrations tests. Three molecules showed no toxicity, while two induced mild toxic effects in roots exposed to the highest dose (100 µM). A more pronounced toxic effect was caused by the other three compounds for which the EC50 was approximately 50 μM. Furthermore, all molecules showed a clear genotoxic activity, both in terms of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei. Albeit the known good antifungal activity, the different molecules caused strong toxic and genotoxic effects. The results indicate the suitability of experiments with A. cepa as a research model for the evaluation of the toxic and genotoxic activities of new molecules in plants before they are released into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Alias
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia V C Viola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zerbini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Bisceglie
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Zani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy.
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Macar O, Kalefetoğlu Macar T, Çavuşoğlu K, Yalçın E, Acar A. Assessing the combined toxic effects of metaldehyde mollucide. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4888. [PMID: 36966255 PMCID: PMC10039924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive use of metaldehyde in agriculture to combat mollusks endangers both the environment and non-target organisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the toxicity caused by metaldehyde in Allium cepa with the help of physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical and anatomical parameters. Also, DNA fragmentation caused by metaldehyde in root tip cells was measured by the "Comet Assay" method. The control group was germinated with tap water and the application groups were germinated with 20 mg/L metaldehyde, 40 mg/L metaldehyde, 100 mg/L metaldehyde and 200 mg/L metaldehyde for 72 h. The results of the physiological parameters showed that metaldehyde had a growth-limiting effect in A. cepa, depending on the application dose. According to root elongation levels, the EC50 (effective concentration) value for metaldehyde was 60.6 mg/L in A. cepa. As the treatment dose increased, the incidence of micronucleus and chromosomal aberrations gradually increased while mitotic index decreased. Metaldehyde exposure induced damages such as sticky chromosome, fragment, unequal distribution of chromatin, reverse polarization, bridge, and multipolar anaphase. In addition, metaldehyde caused cell damage in epidermis and cortex, thickening of the cortex cell wall and flattened cell nucleus in root meristem. Increasing doses of metaldehyde application also increased malondialdehyde levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. As a result, it has been determined that the toxicity of metaldehyde in plants is versatile and the A. cepa test material is a suitable biological indicator to determine this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksal Macar
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar
- Department of Food Technology, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Emine Yalçın
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Ali Acar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Anusha P, Ragavendran C, Kamaraj C, Sangeetha K, Thesai AS, Natarajan D, Malafaia G. Eco-friendly bioremediation of pollutants from contaminated sewage wastewater using special reference bacterial strain of Bacillus cereus SDN1 and their genotoxicological assessment in Allium cepa. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160935. [PMID: 36527898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the Bacillus cereus SDN1 native bacterium's ability to clean up contaminated or polluted water. The isolated bacterium was identified by its morphological and biochemical characteristics, which were then confirmed at the genus level. Furthermore, the isolated B. cereus (NCBI accession No: MW828583) was identified genomically by PCR amplifying 16 s rDNA using a universal primer. The phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA sequence was analyzed to determine the taxonomic and evolutionary profile of the isolate of the previously identified Bacillus sp. Besides, B. cereus and the bacterial consortium were treated using sewage wastewater. After 15 days of treatment, the following pollutants or chemicals were reduced: total hardness particles removal varied from 63.33 % to 67.55 %, calcium removal varied from 90 % to 93.33 %, and total nitrate decreased range from 37.77 % to 22.22 %, respectively. Electrical conductivity ranged from 1809 mS/cm to 2500 mS/cm, and pH values ranged from 6.5 to 8.95. The outcome of in-situ remediation results suggested that B. cereus has a noticeable remediation efficiency to the suspended particles. A root tip test was also used to investigate the genotoxicity of treated and untreated sewage-contaminated waters on onion (Allium cepa) root cells. The highest chromosomal aberrations and mitotic inhibition were found in roots exposed to contaminated sewage water, and their results displayed chromosome abnormalities, including disorganized, sticky chain, disturbed metaphase, chromosomal displacement in anaphase, abnormal telophase, spindle disturbances, and binucleate cells observed in A. cepa exposed to untreated contaminated water. The study can thus be applied as a biomarker to detect the genotoxic impacts of sewage water pollution on biota. Furthermore, based on an identified bacterial consortium, this work offers a low-cost and eco-favorable method for treating household effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponniah Anusha
- Department of Science and Humanities, Kongunadu College of Engineering and Technology, Tholurpatti, Trichy 621 215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College, and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, India.
| | - Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagaraj Sangeetha
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Devarajan Natarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.; Post-Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, Brazil.; Post-Graduation Program in Ecology, Conservation, and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.; Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil..
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9
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Ali MM, Fatima A, Nawaz S, Rehman A, Javed M, Nadeem A. Cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of bisphenol S on onion root tips by Allium cepa and comet tests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88803-88811. [PMID: 35836054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is an analog of bisphenol A, which is used as substitute of BPA in many products like airport luggage tags, baby bottles, plastics, and epoxy resins etc. Bisphenol S can cause toxic effects in different organisms, i.e., mice, rat, zebrafish, and C.elegans, etc. Bisphenol S is also known as "endocrine disruptor" due to its ability to mimic the endocrine receptors. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of bisphenol S on meristematic cells present in onion root tips through Allium cepa (A.cepa) and comet tests. Root growth inhibition was evaluated by root growth inhibition assay. Mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) were assessed by A.cepa assay. DNA damage was evaluated by comet assay. Root growth of A.cepa was inhibited due to bisphenol S. LC50 value calculated by root growth inhibition assay for bisphenol S was (2.6±0.63, 50 μg/ml). Mitotic index was reduced, and chromosomal aberrations were observed, i.e., stickiness, polyploidy, and disturbed ana-telophase in anaphase and telophase stages of mitosis. In case of comet assay, DNA damage was increased in statistically significant manner (p ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that bisphenol S constitutes cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on A. cepa root meristematic cells. Moreover, it is suggested to explore more toxicity studies of bisphenol S at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Muddassir Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Areej Fatima
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Nawaz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Javed
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Nadeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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