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El-Sayed ASA, ElSayed AI, Wadan KM, El-Saadany SS, Abd El-Hady NAA. Camptothecin bioprocessing from Aspergillus terreus, an endophyte of Catharanthus roseus: antiproliferative activity, topoisomerase inhibition and cell cycle analysis. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:15. [PMID: 38183118 PMCID: PMC10768243 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Attenuation of camptothecin (CPT) productivity by fungi with preservation and subculturing is the challenge that halts fungi to be an industrial platform of CPT production. Thus, screening for novel endophytic fungal isolates with metabolic stability for CPT production was the objective. Catharanthus roseus is one of the medicinal plants with diverse bioactive metabolites that could have a plethora of novel endophytes with unique metabolites. Among the endophytes of C. roseus, Aspergillus terreus EFBL-NV OR131583.1 had the most CPT producing potency (90.2 μg/l), the chemical identity of the putative CPT was verified by HPLC, FT-IR, NMR and LC-MS/MS. The putative A. terreus CPT had the same molecular mass (349 m/z), and molecular fragmentation patterns of the authentic one, as revealed from the MS/MS analyses. The purified CPT had a strong activity against MCF7 (5.27 μM) and UO-31 (2.2 μM), with a potential inhibition to Topo II (IC50 value 0.52 nM) than Topo 1 (IC50 value 6.9 nM). The CPT displayed a high wound healing activity to UO-31 cells, stopping their metastasis, matrix formation and cell immigration. The purified CPT had a potential inducing activity to the cellular apoptosis of UO-31 by ~ 17 folds, as well as, arresting their cellular division at the S-phase, compared to the control cells. Upon Plackett-Burman design, the yield of CPT by A. terreus was increased by ~ 2.6 folds, compared to control. The yield of CPT by A. terreus was sequentially suppressed with the fungal storage and subculturing, losing ~ 50% of their CPT productivity by 3rd month and 5th generation. However, the productivity of the attenuated A. terreus culture was completely restored by adding 1% surface sterilized leaves of C. roseus, and the CPT yield was increased over-the-first culture by ~ 3.2 folds (315.2 μg/l). The restoring of CPT productivity of A. terreus in response to indigenous microbiome of C. roseus, ensures the A. terreus-microbiome interactions, releasing a chemical signal that triggers the CPT productivity of A. terreus. This is the first reports exploring the potency of A. terreus, endophyte of C. roseus" to be a platform for industrial production of CPT, with an affordable sustainability with addition of C. roseus microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Abdelaleim I ElSayed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Khalid M Wadan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sayed S El-Saadany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nouran A A Abd El-Hady
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Rady AM, El-Sayed ASA, El-Baz AF, Abdel-Fattah GG, Magdeldin S, Ahmed E, Osama A, Hassanein SE, Saed H, Yassin M. Proteomics and metabolomics analyses of camptothecin-producing Aspergillus terreus reveal the integration of PH domain-containing proteins and peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase in restoring the camptothecin biosynthesis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0228123. [PMID: 37855596 PMCID: PMC10714794 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02281-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Decreasing the camptothecin productivity by fungi with storage and subculturing is the challenge that halts their further implementation to be an industrial platform for camptothecin (CPT) production. The highest differentially abundant proteins were Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing proteins and Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that fluctuated with the subculturing of A. terreus with a remarkable relation to CPT biosynthesis and restored with addition of F. elastica microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad M. Rady
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ashraf F. El-Baz
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | | | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Eman Ahmed
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Aya Osama
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh E. Hassanein
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend Saed
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa Yassin
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Li C, Qi Y, Sun Z, Jiang M, Li C. Way to efficient microbial paclitaxel mass production. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:673-681. [PMID: 37954482 PMCID: PMC10632112 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial synthesis of paclitaxel is attractive for its short-cycle, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability. However, low paclitaxel productivity, depleted capacity during subculture and storage, and unclear biosynthesis mechanisms restrain industrial microbial synthesis. Along with the isolation of various paclitaxel-producing microorganisms and the development of versatile molecular tools, tremendous promises for microbial paclitaxel synthesis have become increasingly prominent. In this review, we summarize the progress of microbial synthesis of paclitaxel in recent years, focusing on paclitaxel-producing endophytes and representative engineering microorganism hosts that were used as chassis for paclitaxel precursor synthesis. Numerous wide-type microbes can manufacture paclitaxel, and fermentation process optimization and strain improvement can greatly enhance the productivity. Engineered microbes can efficiently synthesize precursors of paclitaxel by introducing exogenous synthetic pathway. Mining paclitaxel synthetic pathways and genetic manipulation of endophytes will accelerate the construction of microbial cell factories, indefinitely contributing to paclitaxel mass production by microbes. This review emphasizes the potential and provides solutions for efficient microbial paclitaxel mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanli Qi
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhongke Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Nanyang Institute of Medical Plant Technology and Industry, Nanyang, 473005, China
| | - Mengwan Jiang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Zhang S, Ye T, Liu Y, Hou G, Wang Q, Zhao F, Li F, Meng Q. Research Advances in Clinical Applications, Anticancer Mechanism, Total Chemical Synthesis, Semi-Synthesis and Biosynthesis of Paclitaxel. Molecules 2023; 28:7517. [PMID: 38005238 PMCID: PMC10673093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel, a natural secondary metabolite isolated and purified from the bark of the Taxus tree, is considered one of the most successful natural anticancer drugs due to its low toxicity, high potency and broad-spectrum anticancer activity. Taxus trees are scarce and slow-growing, and with extremely low paclitaxel content, the contradiction between supply and demand in the market is becoming more and more intense. Therefore, researchers have tried to obtain paclitaxel by various methods such as chemical synthesis, artificial culture, microbial fermentation and tissue cell culture to meet the clinical demand for this drug. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of paclitaxel extraction, combination therapy, total synthesis, semi-synthesis and biosynthesis in recent years and provides an outlook, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and reference for further research on the production and application of paclitaxel in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Taiqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yibin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China;
| | - Qibao Wang
- School of Biological Science, Jining Medical University, Rizhao 276800, China;
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.)
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (S.Z.); (T.Y.); (Y.L.); (F.Z.)
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Subban K, Kempken F. Insights into Taxol® biosynthesis by endophytic fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6151-6162. [PMID: 37606790 PMCID: PMC10560151 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
There have been two hundred reports that endophytic fungi produce Taxol®, but its production yield is often rather low. Although considerable efforts have been made to increase Taxol/taxanes production in fungi by manipulating cocultures, mutagenesis, genome shuffles, and gene overexpression, little is known about the molecular signatures of Taxol biosynthesis and its regulation. It is known that some fungi have orthologs of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway, but the overall architecture of this pathway is unknown. A biosynthetic putative gene homology approach, combined with genomics and transcriptomics analysis, revealed that a few genes for metabolite residues may be located on dispensable chromosomes. This review explores a number of crucial topics (i) finding biosynthetic pathway genes using precursors, elicitors, and inhibitors; (ii) orthologs of the Taxol biosynthetic pathway for rate-limiting genes/enzymes; and (iii) genomics and transcriptomics can be used to accurately predict biosynthetic putative genes and regulators. This provides promising targets for future genetic engineering approaches to produce fungal Taxol and precursors. KEY POINTS: • A recent trend in predicting Taxol biosynthetic pathway from endophytic fungi. • Understanding the Taxol biosynthetic pathway and related enzymes in fungi. • The genetic evidence and formation of taxane from endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalraj Subban
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology in Botany, Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Kempken
- Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology in Botany, Botanical Institute and Botanical Garden, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany.
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Eldeghidy A, Abdel-Fattah G, El-Sayed ASA, Abdel-Fattah GG. Production, bioprocessing and antiproliferative activity of camptothecin from Aspergillus terreus, endophyte of Cinnamomum camphora: restoring their biosynthesis by indigenous microbiome of C. camphora. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:143. [PMID: 37533061 PMCID: PMC10399021 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal producing potency of camptothecin (CPT) raise the hope for their usage to be a platform for industrial production of CPT, nevertheless, attenuation of their productivity of CPT with the subculturing and preservation is the challenge. So, screening for novel endophytic fungal isolates with a reliable CPT-biosynthetic stability was the objective. Among the isolated endophytic fungi from the tested medicinal plants, Aspergillus terreus OQ642314.1, endophyte of Cinnamomum camphora, exhibits the highest yield of CPT (89.4 μg/l). From the NMR, FT-IR and LC-MS/MS analyses, the extracted CPT from A. terreus gave the same structure and molecular mass fragmentation pattern of authentic CPT (349 m/z). The putative CPT had a significant activity against MCF7 (0.27 µM) and HEPG-2 (0.8 µM), with a strong affinity to inhibits the human Topoisomerase 1 activity (IC50 0.362 μg/ml) as revealed from the Gel-based DNA relaxation assay. The purified CPT displayed a strong antimicrobial activity for various bacterial (E. coli and B. cereus) and fungal (A. flavus and A. parasiticus) isolates, ensuring the unique tertiary, and stereo-structure of A. terreus for penetrating the microbial cell walls and targeting the topoisomerase I. The higher dual activity of the purified CPT as antimicrobial and antitumor, emphasize their therapeutic efficiency, especially with growth of the opportunistic microorganisms due to the suppression of human immune system with the CPT uses in vivo. The putative CPT had an obvious activity against the tumor cell (MCF7) metastasis, and migration as revealed from the wound healing assay. The overall yield of A. terreus CPT was maximized with the Blackett-Burman design by twofolds increment (164.8 μg/l). The CPT yield by A. terreus was successively diminished with the multiple fungal subculturing, otherwise, the CPT productivity of A. terreus was restored, and increased over the zero culture upon coculturing with C. camphora microbiome (1.5% w/v), ensuring the restoring of CPT biosynthetic potency of A. terreus by the plant microbiome-derived chemical signals "microbial communication". This is the first report exploring the feasibility of A. terreus "endophyte of C. camphora" to be a preliminary platform for commercial production of CPT with a reliable sustainability upon uses of indigenous C. camphora microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Eldeghidy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Gamal Abdel-Fattah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ghada G Abdel-Fattah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Mohamed NZ, Shaban L, Safan S, El-Sayed ASA. Physiological and metabolic traits of Taxol biosynthesis of endophytic fungi inhabiting plants: Plant-microbial crosstalk, and epigenetic regulators. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127385. [PMID: 37141853 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Attenuating the Taxol productivity of fungi with the subculturing and storage under axenic conditions is the challenge that halts the feasibility of fungi to be an industrial platform for Taxol production. This successive weakening of Taxol productivity by fungi could be attributed to the epigenetic down-regulation and molecular silencing of most of the gene clusters encoding Taxol biosynthetic enzymes. Thus, exploring the epigenetic regulating mechanisms controlling the molecular machinery of Taxol biosynthesis could be an alternative prospective technology to conquer the lower accessibility of Taxol by the potent fungi. The current review focuses on discussing the different molecular approaches, epigenetic regulators, transcriptional factors, metabolic manipulators, microbial communications and microbial cross-talking approaches on restoring and enhancing the Taxol biosynthetic potency of fungi to be industrial platform for Taxol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Z Mohamed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Lamis Shaban
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Samia Safan
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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Alanzi A, Elhawary EA, Ashour ML, Moussa AY. Aspergillus co-cultures: A recent insight into their secondary metabolites and microbial interactions. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:273-298. [PMID: 37032397 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel antibiotics to combat emerging resistant microbial strains. One of the most pressing resources is Aspergillus microbial cocultures. The genome of Aspergillus species comprises a far larger number of novel gene clusters than previously expected, and novel strategies and approaches are essential to exploit this potential source of new drugs and pharmacological agents. This is the first review consulting recent developments and chemical diversity of Aspergillus cocultures and highlighting its untapped richness. The analyzed data revealed that cocultivation of several Aspergillus species with other microorganisms, including bacteria, plants, and fungi, is a source of novel bioactive natural products. Various vital chemical skeleton leads were newly produced or augmented in Aspergillus cocultures, among which were taxol, cytochalasans, notamides, pentapeptides, silibinin, and allianthrones. The possibility of mycotoxin production or complete elimination in cocultivations was detected, which pave the way for better decontamination strategies. Most cocultures revealed a remarkable improvement in their antimicrobial or cytotoxic behavior due to their produced chemical patterns; for instance, weldone and asperterrin whose antitumor and antibacterial activities, respectively, were superior. Microbial cocultivation elicited the upregulation or production of specific metabolites whose importance and significance are yet to be revealed. With more than 155 compounds isolated from Aspergillus cocultures in the last 10 years, showing overproduction, reduction, or complete suppression under the optimized coculture circumstances, this study filled a gap for medicinal chemists searching for new lead sources or bioactive molecules as anticancer agents or antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alanzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa A Elhawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Batterjee Medical College, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashaimaa Y Moussa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Selegato DM, Castro-Gamboa I. Enhancing chemical and biological diversity by co-cultivation. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117559. [PMID: 36819067 PMCID: PMC9928954 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In natural product research, microbial metabolites have tremendous potential to provide new therapeutic agents since extremely diverse chemical structures can be found in the nearly infinite microbial population. Conventionally, these specialized metabolites are screened by single-strain cultures. However, owing to the lack of biotic and abiotic interactions in monocultures, the growth conditions are significantly different from those encountered in a natural environment and result in less diversity and the frequent re-isolation of known compounds. In the last decade, several methods have been developed to eventually understand the physiological conditions under which cryptic microbial genes are activated in an attempt to stimulate their biosynthesis and elicit the production of hitherto unexpressed chemical diversity. Among those, co-cultivation is one of the most efficient ways to induce silenced pathways, mimicking the competitive microbial environment for the production and holistic regulation of metabolites, and has become a golden methodology for metabolome expansion. It does not require previous knowledge of the signaling mechanism and genome nor any special equipment for cultivation and data interpretation. Several reviews have shown the potential of co-cultivation to produce new biologically active leads. However, only a few studies have detailed experimental, analytical, and microbiological strategies for efficiently inducing bioactive molecules by co-culture. Therefore, we reviewed studies applying co-culture to induce secondary metabolite pathways to provide insights into experimental variables compatible with high-throughput analytical procedures. Mixed-fermentation publications from 1978 to 2022 were assessed regarding types of co-culture set-ups, metabolic induction, and interaction effects.
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El-Sayed ASA, George NM, Abou-Elnour A, El-Mekkawy RM, El-Demerdash MM. Production and bioprocessing of camptothecin from Aspergillus terreus, an endophyte of Cestrum parqui, restoring their biosynthetic potency by Citrus limonum peel extracts. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:4. [PMID: 36609265 PMCID: PMC9824926 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-02012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic potency of fungi as camptothecin producer elevates their prospective use as an industrial platform for commercial production, however, the loss of camptothecin productivity by fungi with the storage and subculturing are the major obstacle. Thus, screening for endophytic fungal isolates inhabiting ethnopharmacological plants with an obvious metabolic stability and sustainability for camptothecin biosynthesis could be one of the most feasible paradigms. Aspergillus terreus ON908494.1, an endophyte of Cestrum parqui was morphologically and molecularly verified, displaying the most potent camptothecin biosynthetic potency. The chemical identity of A. terreus camptothecin was confirmed from the HPLC, FTIR and LC-MS/MS analyses, gave the same molecular structure and mass fragmentation patterns of authentic one. The purified putative camptothecin displayed a strong anticancer activity towards HepG-2 and MCF-7 with IC50 values 0.96 and 1.4 µM, respectively, with no toxicity to OEC normal cells. As well as, the purified camptothecin displayed a significant antifungal activity towards fungal human pathogen Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and A. parasiticus, ensuring the unique structural activity relationships of A. terreus camptothecin, as a powerful dually active anticancer and antimicrobial agent. The camptothecin productivity of A. terreus was maximized by bioprocessing with Plackett-Burman design, with an overall 1.5 folds increment (170.5 µg/L), comparing to control culture. So, the optimal medium components for maximum yield of camptothecin by A. terreus was acid why (2.0 mL/L), Diaion HP20 (2.0 g/L), Amberlite XAD (2.0 g/L), dextrin (5.0 g/L), glucose (10.0 g/L), salicylic acid (2.0 g/L), serine (4.0 g/L), cysteine (4.0 g/L) and glutamate (10.0 g/L), at pH 6 for 15 days incubation. By the 5th generation of A. terreus, the camptothecin yield was reduced by 60%, comparing to zero culture. Interestingly, the productivity of camptothecin by A. terreus has been completely restored and over increased (210 µg/L), comparing to the 3rd generation A. terreus (90 µg/L) upon addition of methanolic extracts of Citrus limonum peels, revealing the presence of some chemical signals that triggers the camptothecin biosynthetic machinery. The feasibility of complete restoring of camptothecin biosynthetic-machinery of A. terreus for stable and sustainable production of camptothecin, pave the way for using this fungal isolate as new platform for scaling-up the camptothecin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nelly M. George
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira Abou-Elnour
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. El-Mekkawy
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. El-Demerdash
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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11
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Pestalotiopsis Diversity: Species, Dispositions, Secondary Metabolites, and Bioactivities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228088. [PMID: 36432188 PMCID: PMC9695833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pestalotiopsis species have gained attention thanks to their structurally complex and biologically active secondary metabolites. In past decades, several new secondary metabolites were isolated and identified. Their bioactivities were tested, including anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, and nematicidal activity. Since the previous review published in 2014, new secondary metabolites were isolated and identified from Pestalotiopsis species and unidentified strains. This review gathered published articles from 2014 to 2021 and focused on 239 new secondary metabolites and their bioactivities. To date, 384 Pestalotiopsis species have been discovered in diverse ecological habitats, with the majority of them unstudied. Some may contain secondary metabolites with unique bioactivities that might benefit pharmacology.
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Production, Bioprocessing and Anti-Proliferative Activity of Camptothecin from Penicillium chrysogenum, "An Endozoic of Marine Sponge, Cliona sp.", as a Metabolically Stable Camptothecin Producing Isolate. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27093033. [PMID: 35566384 PMCID: PMC9104752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the metabolic potency of fungi as camptothecin producers raises the hope of their usage as an industrial source of camptothecin, due to their short-life span and the feasibility of metabolic engineering. However, the tiny yield and loss of camptothecin productivity of fungi during storage and sub-culturing are challenges that counteract this approach. Marine fungi could be a novel source for camptothecin production, with higher yield and reliable metabolic sustainability. The marine fungal isolate Penicillium chrysogenum EFBL # OL597937.1 derived from the sponge "Cliona sp." has been morphologically identified and molecularly confirmed, based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer sequence, exhibiting the highest yield of camptothecin (110 μg/L). The molecular structure and chemical identity of P. chrysogenum derived camptothecin has been resolved by HPLC, FTIR and LC-MS/MS analyses, giving the same spectroscopic profiles and mass fragmentation patterns as authentic camptothecin. The extracted camptothecin displayed a strong anti-proliferative activity towards HEP-2 and HCT-116 (IC50 values 0.33-0.35 µM). The yield of camptothecin was maximized by nutritional optimization of P. chrysogenum with a Plackett-Burman design, and the productivity of camptothecin increased by 1.8 fold (200 µg/L), compared to control fungal cultures. Upon storage at 4 °C as slope culture for 8 months, the productivity of camptothecin for P. chrysogenum was reduced by 40% compared to the initial culture. Visual fading of the mycelial pigmentation of P. chrysogenum was observed during fungal storage, matched with loss of camptothecin productivity. Methylene chloride extracts of Cliona sp. had the potency to completely restore the camptothecin productivity of P. chrysogenum, ensuring the partial dependence of the expression of the camptothecin biosynthetic machinery of P. chrysogenum on the chemical signals derived from the sponge, or the associated microbial flora. This is the first report describing the feasibility of P. chrysogenum, endozoic of Cliona sp., for camptothecin production, along with reliable metabolic biosynthetic stability, which could be a new platform for scaling-up camptothecin production.
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Eldemerdash MM, El-Sayed ASA, Hussein HA, Teleb SS, Shehata RS. Molecular and metabolic traits of some Egyptian species of Cassia L. and Senna Mill (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:205. [PMID: 35443606 PMCID: PMC9020050 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The genus Cassia and Senna have been classified under subfamily Caesalpinioideae of family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) of order Fabales. There is a scarce taxonomical studies of the genus Cassia and Senna inhabiting Egyptian environments, thus, the main objective of the current was to revise and authenticate the phylogenetic relationship between studied taxa of the species of the genera Cassia and Senna in Egypt using the recent tools of ITS barcoding, RAPD analysis and metabolic profiling, in comparing to the traditional taxonomical features. From the cluster analysis of the traditional 27 morphological characters, the studied taxa were categorized into two major clades with an average taxonomic distance of 4.3. The clade I include Cassia fistula, C. renigera, C. javanica L subsp. nodosa and C. roughiia that belongs to series Obolospermae, and C. grandis that belongs to series Grandes. The clade (II) includes Senna surattensis and S. alata at taxonomic level 3.6. The taxonomical description of the studied taxa was confirmed from the molecular analysis of ITS sequences and RAPD analysis. The ITS sequences of the tested plants species C. fistula L, C. grandis MD4, C. javanica subsp. nodosa MD7, C. roxburghii MD5, C. renigera MD5 were deposited at genbank with accession numbers MW367973, MZ960447, MW386305, MW326753 and MW32685, respectively. While, the ITS sequences of the S. surrattensis and S. alata were deposited into genbank accession # MD14 MW367670 and MD20 MW412635, respectively. Thus, from the molecular analysis, two clades were clearly separated into Clade I of Cassia and Clade II of Senna. The cluster I represented by C. fistula, C. renigera, C. roxburghii, and C. javanica sub nodosa, and the cluster II represented by S. alata and S. surattensis. From the PCA of RAPD, a clearly discrimination between the two Taxa was observed revealing the characteristic grouping of Cassia and Senna. The species Senna alata and Senna surattensis were grouped together, but the species of C. renigera, C. javanica, C. roxburghii and C. grandis was grouped on a distinct group. The separation of Cassia and Senna species into two clusters verify the segregation of the genus Cassia L. senso lato into two distinct genera namely Senna P. and Cassia L. The morphological, molecular traits of the studied plants were authenticated from the metabolic profiling by GC-MS analysis. Among the 23 identified metabolites, four compounds namely hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-ethyl ester and Vitamin E were detected with fluctuated concentrations, among C. fistula, C. grandis, C. javanica subsp. nodosa and C. roxburghii. Conclusively, the traditional morphological features, molecular barcoding using ITS sequences, RAPD analysis and metabolic traits by GC-MS analysis, authenticates the taxonomical diversity of the genus Cassia and Senna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M. Eldemerdash
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Hussein A. Hussein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Samir S. Teleb
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Rania S. Shehata
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Bioprocesses optimization and anticancer activity of camptothecin from Aspergillus flavus, an endophyte of in vitro cultured Astragalus fruticosus. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4349-4364. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abdel-Fatah SS, El-Sherbiny GM, khalaf M, Baz AFE, El-Sayed ASA, El-Batal AI. Boosting the Anticancer Activity of Aspergillus flavus "endophyte of Jojoba" Taxol via Conjugation with Gold Nanoparticles Mediated by γ-Irradiation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3558-3581. [PMID: 35438406 PMCID: PMC9270289 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Taxol production by fungi is one of the promising alternative approaches, regarding to the natural and semisynthetic sources; however, the lower yield and rapid loss of Taxol productivity by fungi are the major challenges that halt their further industrial implementation. Thus, searching for fungal isolates with affordable Taxol-production stability, in addition to enhance its anticancer activity via conjugation with gold nanoparticles, is the main objectives of this study. Twenty-four endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from the barks, twigs, and leaves of jojoba plant, among these fungi, Aspergillus flavus MW485934.1 was the most potent Taxol producer (88.6 µg/l). The chemical identity of the extracted Taxol of A. flavus was verified by the TLC, HPLC, HNMR, and FTIR analyses. The yield of Taxol produced by A. flavus was optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM) using Plackett-Burman (PBD) and faced central composite designs (FCCD). The yield of Taxol by A. flavus was increased by about 3.2 folds comparing to the control cultures (from 96.5 into 302.7 µg/l). The highest Taxol yield by was obtained growing A. flavus on a modified malt extract medium (g/l) (malt extract 20.0, peptone 2.0, sucrose 20.0, soytone 2.0, cysteine 0.5, glutamine 0.5, and beef extract 1.0 adjusted to pH 6.0) and incubated at 30 °C for 16 days. From the FCCD design, the significant variables affecting Taxol production by A. flavus were cysteine, pH, and incubation time. Upon A. flavus γ-irradiation at 1.0 kGy, the Taxol yield was increased by about 1.25 fold (375.9 µg/l). To boost its anticancer activity, the purified Taxol was conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) mediated by γ-rays irradiation (0.5 kGy), and the physicochemical properties of Taxol-AuNPs composite were evaluated by UV-Vis, DLS, XRD, and TEM analyses. The IC50 values of the native-Taxol and Taxol-AuNPs conjugates towards HEPG-2 cells were 4.06 and 2.1 µg/ml, while the IC50 values against MCF-7 were 6.07 and 3.3 µg/ml, respectively. Thus, the anticancer activity of Taxol-AuNPs composite was increased by 2 folds comparing to the native Taxol towards HEPG-2 and MCF-7 cell lines. Also, the antimicrobial activity of Taxol against the multidrug resistant bacteria was dramatically increased upon conjugation with AuNPs comparing to authentic AuNPs and Taxol, ensuring the higher solubility, targetability, and efficiency of Taxol upon AuNPs conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhy S. Abdel-Fatah
- grid.429648.50000 0000 9052 0245Drug Radiation Research Department, Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal M. El-Sherbiny
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud khalaf
- grid.429648.50000 0000 9052 0245Microbiology Department, Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf F. El Baz
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat University City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S. A. El-Sayed
- grid.31451.320000 0001 2158 2757Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. El-Batal
- grid.429648.50000 0000 9052 0245Drug Radiation Research Department, Biotechnology Division, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Taxadiene Synthase from Bacillus koreensis and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxadiene synthase (TDS) is the rate-limiting enzyme of Taxol biosynthesis that cyclizes the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate into taxadiene. Attenuating Taxol productivity by fungi is the main challenge impeding its industrial application; it is possible that silencing the expression of TDS is the most noticeable genomic feature associated with Taxol-biosynthetic abolishing in fungi. As such, the characterization of TDS with unique biochemical properties and autonomous expression that is independent of transcriptional factors from the host is the main challenge. Thus, the objective of this study was to kinetically characterize TDS from endophytic bacteria isolated from different plants harboring Taxol-producing endophytic fungi. Among the recovered 23 isolates, Bacillus koreensis and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia achieved the highest TDS activity. Upon using the Plackett–Burman design, the TDS productivity achieved by B. koreensis (18.1 µmol/mg/min) and S. maltophilia (14.6 µmol/mg/min) increased by ~2.2-fold over the control. The enzyme was purified by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography with ~15 overall folds and with molecular subunit structure 65 and 80 kDa from B. koreensis and S. maltophilia, respectively. The chemical identity of taxadiene was authenticated from the GC-MS analyses, which provided the same mass fragmentation pattern of authentic taxadiene. The tds gene was screened by PCR with nested primers of the conservative active site domains, and the amplicons were sequenced, displaying a higher similarity with tds from T. baccata and T. brevifolia. The highest TDS activity by both bacterial isolates was recorded at 37–40 °C. The Apo-TDSs retained ~50% of its initial holoenzyme activities, ensuring their metalloproteinic identity. The activity of purified TDS was completely restored upon the addition of Mg2+, confirming the identity of Mg2+ as a cofactor. The TDS activity was dramatically reduced upon the addition of DTNB and MBTH, ensuring the implementation of cysteine-reactive thiols and ammonia groups on their active site domains. This is the first report exploring the autonomous robust expression TDS from B. koreensis and S. maltophilia with a higher affinity to cyclize GGPP into taxadiene, which could be a novel platform for taxadiene production as intermediary metabolites of Taxol biosynthesis.
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El-Sayed AS, Khalaf SA, Azez HA, Hussein HA, EL-Moslamy SH, Sitohy B, El-Baz AF. Production, bioprocess optimization and anticancer activity of Camptothecin from Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus flavus, endophytes of Ficus elastica. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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