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Akhtar N, Tahir A, Abbas M, Zaman N, Qadir A, Arshad M. Temporal trends in indoor bioaerosols: implications for dental healthcare environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38944751 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2373173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, a significant public health hazard, is predicted to cause 10 million deaths worldwide by 2050. The study aimed to identify culturable bioaerosols in the indoor air of dental units in Lahore and assess their antibiotic resistance. Air samples were collected from 10 dental unit locations at different distances, with average concentrations of fungi and bacteria falling within intermediate ranges, per the Global Index of Microbial Contamination (GIMC/m3) index. The study found higher antibiotic-resistant strains in hospital dental units, particularly during winter. The most vigorous strain, S.aureus-NAJIH18, exhibited 70% resistance to ceftazidime. The research highlights the importance of quantifying microbial pollutants for evaluating their source and complexity. It suggests proactive mitigation techniques, such as focused cleaning and air filtration, to improve indoor air quality can mitigate the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains. These insights offer hope in combating the growing public health threat of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Akhtar
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arifa Tahir
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Moneeza Abbas
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasib Zaman
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadir
- College of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Basic Science, Jhang Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Leili M, Afrasiabi S, Rostami R, Khazaei M, Roshani M, Tarin Z. The evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in hospital air, their antibiotic resistance and sensitivity of S. aureus to cefoxitin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9183. [PMID: 38649676 PMCID: PMC11035647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci as a nosocomial infection agent, increases the possibility of contracting diseases such as wound infection, sepsis and skin infections in humans. It was shown that Staphylococcus aureus considered as a commensal organism causing various both endemic and epidemic hospital-acquired infections. Air samples were collected from Sina Hospital, Hamadan city, which dedicated to various respiratory diseases and analysed by biochemical tests. The resistance and sensitivity of bacterial strains to the cefoxitin antibiotic were also determined. Staphylococcus aureus density (CFU/m3) were measured in the air of various wards as follows: infectious 13.35 ± 7.57, poisoning 29.84 ± 33.43, emergency 8.64 ± 2.72, eye operation room 0, recovery room 6.28 ± 4.90, skin outpatient operation room 4.71 ± 2.36, respiratory isolation 0, ICU 0.79 ± 1.36, and the administrative room 6.28 ± 5.93; while the Staphylococcus epidermidis were as follows: infectious 1.57 ± 2.35, poisoning 2.35 ± 4.08, emergency 2.35 ± 2.35, eye operation room 0, recovery room 0.78 ± 1.36, skin outpatient operation room 2.35 ± 2.35, respiratory isolation 0, ICU 2.35 ± 4.08, and the administrative room 1.57 ± 1.36. The positive and negative control samples showed a concentration of 0. Moreover, among the S. aureus isolates, 33.3% were found to be resistant to cefoxitin, while 40.6% showed to be sensitive. Based on the results, the number of active people and the type and quality of ventilation are very effective in the air quality of various wards of hospital. The poisoning section showed the most contaminated air and the highest resistance and sensitivity to the cefoxitin antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Leili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sedighe Afrasiabi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Roohollah Rostami
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khazaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdaneh Roshani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Tarin
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Matys J, Kensy J, Gedrange T, Zawiślak I, Grzech-Leśniak K, Dobrzyński M. A Molecular Approach for Detecting Bacteria and Fungi in Healthcare Environment Aerosols: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4154. [PMID: 38673740 PMCID: PMC11050369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular methods have become integral to microbiological research for microbial identification. This literature review focuses on the application of molecular methods in examining airborne bacteria and fungi in healthcare facilities. In January 2024, a comprehensive electronic search was carried out in esteemed databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, employing carefully selected keywords such as ((bacteria) OR (virus) OR (fungi)) AND (aerosol) AND ((hospital) OR (healthcare) OR (dental office)) AND ((molecular) OR (PCR) OR (NGS) OR (RNA) OR (DNA) OR (metagenomic) OR (microarray)), following the PRISMA protocol. The review specifically targets healthcare environments with elevated concentrations of pathogenic bacteria. A total of 487 articles were initially identified, but only 13 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The study disclosed that the prevalent molecular methodology for appraising aerosol quality encompassed the utilization of the PCR method, incorporating either 16S rRNA (bacteria) or 18S rRNA (fungi) amplification techniques. Notably, five diverse molecular techniques, specifically PFGE, DGGE, SBT, LAMP, and DNA hybridization methods, were implemented in five distinct studies. These molecular tests exhibited superior capabilities compared to traditional bacterial and fungal cultures, providing precise strain identification. Additionally, the molecular methods allowed the detection of gene sequences associated with antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, molecular testing offers significant advantages over classical microbiological culture, providing more comprehensive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Matys
- Oral Surgery Department, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.G.); (K.G.-L.)
| | - Julia Kensy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Gedrange
- Oral Surgery Department, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.G.); (K.G.-L.)
| | - Ireneusz Zawiślak
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 37 Chełmońskiego Str., 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Oral Surgery Department, Medical University of Wroclaw, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (T.G.); (K.G.-L.)
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Maciej Dobrzyński
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, Poland;
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Chen L, Song Z, Zhou X, Yang G, Yu G. Pathogenic bacteria and fungi in bioaerosols from specialized hospitals in Shandong province, East China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122922. [PMID: 37984476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi are abundant and ubiquitous in bioaerosols in hospital environments. Understanding the distribution and diversity of microbial communities within bioaerosols is critical for mitigating their detrimental effects. Our knowledge on the composition of bacteria or fungi in bioaerosols is limited, especially the potential pathogens present in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from specialized hospitals. Thirty p.m.2.5 filter samples were collected from five hospitals (i.e., oral, dermatology, chest, eye, and general hospitals) in Shandong Province, East China. The diversity of bacteria and fungi was analyzed at the species level using single-molecule real-time sequencing of the 16 S and internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS) ribosomal genes, respectively. Significant differences were detected across sampling sites in terms of microbial diversity and community composition in PM2.5 as well as pollution concentrations. The range of PM2.5 concentrations observed in hospital halls was higher, ranging from 39.0 to 46.2 μg/m3, compared to the wards where the concentrations ranged from 10.7 to 25.2 μg/m3. Furthermore, microbial variations in PM2.5 bioaerosols were associated with hospital type. The most dominant pathogens identified were Vibrio metschnikovii, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Fusarium pseudensiforme, and Aspergillus ruber. Among these, A. ruber was identified as an opportunistic fungus in a hospital setting for the first time. Nine potentially novel strains of F. pseudensiforme, showing 84.5%-92.0% ITS sequence similarity to known Fusarium isolates, were identified in PM2.5 samples from all hospitals (excluding an eye hospital). This study highlights the importance of hospital environments in shaping microbial aerosol communities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide insights into the bacterial and fungal biodiversity of PM2.5 in specialized hospitals, enriching research in healthcare environmental microbiology and carrying significant public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhicheng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xintian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Taian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Taian 271000, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guanliu Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Groma V, Kugler S, Farkas Á, Füri P, Madas B, Nagy A, Erdélyi T, Horváth A, Müller V, Szántó-Egész R, Micsinai A, Gálffy G, Osán J. Size distribution and relationship of airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA to indoor aerosol in hospital ward environments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3566. [PMID: 36864124 PMCID: PMC9980870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerosol particles proved to play a key role in airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Therefore, their size-fractionated collection and analysis is invaluable. However, aerosol sampling in COVID departments is not straightforward, especially in the sub-500-nm size range. In this study, particle number concentrations were measured with high temporal resolution using an optical particle counter, and several 8 h daytime sample sets were collected simultaneously on gelatin filters with cascade impactors in two different hospital wards during both alpha and delta variants of concern periods. Due to the large number (152) of size-fractionated samples, SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies could be statistically analyzed over a wide range of aerosol particle diameters (70-10 µm). Our results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA is most likely to exist in particles with 0.5-4 µm aerodynamic diameter, but also in ultrafine particles. Correlation analysis of particulate matter (PM) and RNA copies highlighted the importance of indoor medical activity. It was found that the daily maximum increment of PM mass concentration correlated the most with the number concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the corresponding size fractions. Our results suggest that particle resuspension from surrounding surfaces is an important source of SARS-CoV-2 RNA present in the air of hospital rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Groma
- Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Sz Kugler
- Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Á Farkas
- Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - P Füri
- Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - B Madas
- Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - A Nagy
- Department of Applied and Nonlinear Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - T Erdélyi
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - A Horváth
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- Pest County Pulmonology Hospital, Törökbálint, 2045, Hungary
| | - V Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | | | | | - G Gálffy
- Pest County Pulmonology Hospital, Törökbálint, 2045, Hungary
| | - J Osán
- Environmental Physics Department, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, 1121, Hungary.
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Ghazanfari M, Yazdani Charati J, Keikha N, Kholoujini M, Kermani F, Nasirzadeh Y, Roohi B, Minooeianhaghighi MH, Salari B, Jeddi SA, Didehdar M, Shokri A, Ameri Seyahooei S, Aslani N, Nazeri M, Ghojoghi A, Amirizad K, Azish M, Nosratabadi M, Zakerian MR, Hedayati S, Hatamipour H, Abastabar M, Haghani I, T. Hedayati M. Indoor environment assessment of special wards of educational hospitals for the detection of fungal contamination sources: A multi-center study (2019-2021). Curr Med Mycol 2022; 8:1-8. [PMID: 37736609 PMCID: PMC10509496 DOI: 10.32598/cmm.2023.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The hospital environment was reported as a real habitat for different microorganisms, especially mold fungi. On the other hand, these opportunistic fungi were considered hospital-acquired mold infections in patients with weak immune status. Therefore, this multi-center study aimed to evaluate 23 hospitals in 18 provinces of Iran for fungal contamination sources. Materials and Methods In total, 43 opened Petri plates and 213 surface samples were collected throughout different wards of 23 hospitals. All collected samples were inoculated into Sabouraud Dextrose Agar containing Chloramphenicol (SC), and the plates were then incubated at 27-30ºC for 7-14 days. Results A total of 210 fungal colonies from equipment (162, 77.1%) and air (48, 22.9%) were identified. The most predominant isolated genus was Aspergillus (47.5%), followed by Rhizopus (14.2%), Mucor (11.7%), and Cladosporium (9.2%). Aspergillus (39.5%), Cladosporium (16.6%), as well as Penicillium and Sterile hyphae (10.4% each), were the most isolates from the air samples. Moreover, intensive care units (38.5%) and operating rooms (21.9%) had the highest number of isolated fungal colonies. Out of 256 collected samples from equipment and air, 163 (63.7%) were positive for fungal growth. The rate of fungal contamination in instrument and air samples was 128/213 (60.1%) and 35/43 (81.2%), respectively. Among the isolated species of Aspergillus, A. flavus complex (38/96, 39.6%), A. niger complex (31/96, 32.3%), and A. fumigatus complex (15/96, 15.6%) were the commonest species. Conclusion According to our findings, in addition to air, equipment and instrument should be considered among the significant sources of fungal contamination in the indoor environment of hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ghazanfari
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamshid Yazdani Charati
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasser Keikha
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Kholoujini
- Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Kermani
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yaser Nasirzadeh
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Behrad Roohi
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Minooeianhaghighi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Bahram Salari
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Jeddi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Sciences, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohsen Nosratabadi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | - Hedieh Hatamipour
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad T. Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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