1
|
Ghazanfari M, Abastabar M, Haghani I, Kermani F, Keikha N, Kholoujini M, Minooeianhaghighi MH, Jeddi SA, Shokri A, Ghojoghi A, Amirizad K, Azish M, Nasirzadeh Y, Roohi B, Nosratabadi M, Hedayati S, Ghanbari S, Valadan R, Hedayati MT. Electronic equipment and appliances in special wards of hospitals as a source of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus: a multi-centre study from Iran. J Hosp Infect 2024; 145:65-76. [PMID: 38199436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAf), reported as a global public health concern, has been unexpectedly observed in different countries. AIM To identify ARAf and detect azole resistance related to the CYP51A mutation in different hospital environmental samples. METHODS In this multi-centre study from Iran, surfaces of electronic equipment and appliances from different hospitals in Iran were sampled using cotton swabs. All samples were cultured using azole-containing agar plates (ACAPs). Recovered Aspergillus isolates were identified at the species level using partial DNA sequencing of the β-tubulin gene. The azole susceptibility testing of A. fumigatus isolates was performed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A3 guideline. The sequencing of the CYP51A gene was also performed to detect mutations related to resistance. FINDINGS Out of the 693 collected samples, 89 (12.8%) Aspergillus species were recovered from ACAPs. Aspergillus fumigatus (41.6%) was the most prevalent, followed by A. tubingensis (23.6%) and A. niger (15.6%). Among 37 isolates of A. fumigatus, 19 (51.3%) showed high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to at least one of the three azoles, voriconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole. CYP51A polymorphisms were detected in all 19 isolates, of which 52.6% showed the TR34/L98H mutation. Other detected mutations were G432C, G448S, G54E/G138C, F46Y, and Y121F/M220I/D255E. T289F and G432C were the first reported mutations in ARAf. CONCLUSION There was a considerable level of azole resistance in hospital environmental samples, a serious warning for patients vulnerable to aspergillosis. Our findings have also revealed a different mutation pattern in the CYP51A gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ghazanfari
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - I Haghani
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - F Kermani
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - N Keikha
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - M Kholoujini
- Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - M H Minooeianhaghighi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - S A Jeddi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Sciences, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - A Shokri
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - A Ghojoghi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - K Amirizad
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Azish
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Y Nasirzadeh
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - B Roohi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M Nosratabadi
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - S Hedayati
- Student Research Committee Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - S Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - R Valadan
- Department of Immunology/Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center (MCBRC), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M T Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghazanfari M, Yazdani Charati J, Keikha N, Kholoujini M, Kermani F, Nasirzadeh Y, Roohi B, Minooeianhaghighi MH, Salari B, Jeddi SA, Didehdar M, Shokri A, Ameri Seyahooei S, Aslani N, Nazeri M, Ghojoghi A, Amirizad K, Azish M, Nosratabadi M, Zakerian MR, Hedayati S, Hatamipour H, Abastabar M, Haghani I, T. Hedayati M. Indoor environment assessment of special wards of educational hospitals for the detection of fungal contamination sources: A multi-center study (2019-2021). Curr Med Mycol 2022; 8:1-8. [PMID: 37736609 PMCID: PMC10509496 DOI: 10.32598/cmm.2023.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The hospital environment was reported as a real habitat for different microorganisms, especially mold fungi. On the other hand, these opportunistic fungi were considered hospital-acquired mold infections in patients with weak immune status. Therefore, this multi-center study aimed to evaluate 23 hospitals in 18 provinces of Iran for fungal contamination sources. Materials and Methods In total, 43 opened Petri plates and 213 surface samples were collected throughout different wards of 23 hospitals. All collected samples were inoculated into Sabouraud Dextrose Agar containing Chloramphenicol (SC), and the plates were then incubated at 27-30ºC for 7-14 days. Results A total of 210 fungal colonies from equipment (162, 77.1%) and air (48, 22.9%) were identified. The most predominant isolated genus was Aspergillus (47.5%), followed by Rhizopus (14.2%), Mucor (11.7%), and Cladosporium (9.2%). Aspergillus (39.5%), Cladosporium (16.6%), as well as Penicillium and Sterile hyphae (10.4% each), were the most isolates from the air samples. Moreover, intensive care units (38.5%) and operating rooms (21.9%) had the highest number of isolated fungal colonies. Out of 256 collected samples from equipment and air, 163 (63.7%) were positive for fungal growth. The rate of fungal contamination in instrument and air samples was 128/213 (60.1%) and 35/43 (81.2%), respectively. Among the isolated species of Aspergillus, A. flavus complex (38/96, 39.6%), A. niger complex (31/96, 32.3%), and A. fumigatus complex (15/96, 15.6%) were the commonest species. Conclusion According to our findings, in addition to air, equipment and instrument should be considered among the significant sources of fungal contamination in the indoor environment of hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ghazanfari
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Jamshid Yazdani Charati
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nasser Keikha
- Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Kholoujini
- Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Kermani
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yaser Nasirzadeh
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Behrad Roohi
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Minooeianhaghighi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Bahram Salari
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Jeddi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Sciences, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohsen Nosratabadi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | - Hedieh Hatamipour
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad T. Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shafiei R, Raeghi S, Jafarzadeh F, Najjari M, Ghatee MA, Shokri A. Three cases of brain hydatidosis in North Khorasan, Iran. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6095. [PMID: 35898758 PMCID: PMC9307882 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic hydatidosis is a serious public health problem in Iran. Although cysts can develop in almost all organs and the brain cysts are very rare. Here, we present 3 confirmed cases of brain hydatidosis and the patients who underwent successful surgery. Pathological examinations demonstrated the presence of cystic hydatidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shafiei
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences Maragheh University of Medical Sciences Maragheh Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafarzadeh
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran
| | - Mohsen Najjari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Ghatee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Microbiology Department, School of Medicine Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research Center North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences Bojnurd Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salehi M, Spotin A, Hajizadeh F, Soleimani F, Shokri A. Molecular characterization of Acanthamoeba spp. from different sources in Gonabad, Razavi Khorasan, Iran. Gene Reports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
5
|
Ghafouri M, Danafar M, Shokri A. Rare case report of deep vein thrombosis associated with brucellosis in Iran. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04969. [PMID: 34721852 PMCID: PMC8529880 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis caused by species of Brucella is among the most prevalent zoonotic diseases that can involve any organ. Here we present a case of deep vein thrombosis due to brucellosis. We described a 62 old male farmer with a history of brucellosis and deep vein thrombosis on his right leg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghafouri
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Mojtaba Danafar
- Student Research CommitteeNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharifi-Sarasiabi K, Heydari-Hengami M, Shokri A, HosseyniTeshnizi S. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in food handlers of Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2450-2462. [PMID: 34358411 PMCID: PMC8604148 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Food handlers regardless of whether preparing or serving food, play key roles in the transmission of food‐borne infections. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in food handlers in Iran. In the present study, a comprehensive literature search was carried out in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran Medex and Iran Doc, to identify all the published studies from 2000 to 31st April 2019. A total of 25 articles from different regions of Iran were identified and fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Totally, 140,447 cases were examined and 1163 cases were infected with intestinal parasites. Of all cases, 19,516 were male and 5901 were female with 1163 and 652 infected cases, respectively. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was evaluated 14.0% [95% CI: 11.0‐17.0%]. It is revealed that protozoan, such as Giardia lamblia, with prevalence of 41.0% [95% CI: 25.0‐59.0%], Blastosystis hominis with 28.0% [95% CI: 15.0‐44.0%] and Entamoeba coli with 22.0% [95% CI: 16.0‐29.0%] had the highest prevalence while, Dientamoeba fragilis 5.0% [95% CI: 4.0‐7.0%], Iodamoeba bütschlii 5.0% [95% CI: 2.0‐8.0%], Chilomastix mesnili 5.0% [95% CI: 2.0‐9.0%] and Endolimax nana with 3.0% [95% CI: 1.0‐7.0%], were less prevalent. Infection with Ascaris lumbricoides7.0% [95% CI: 0.0‐29.0%] was more prevalent helminth followed with Enterobius vermicularis 3.0% [95% CI: 1.0‐5.0%], Hymenolepis nana 2.0% [95% CI: 1.0‐3.0%], Taenia spp. 2.0% [95% CI: 0.0‐7.0%] and Trichuris trichiura 1.0% [95% CI: 0.0‐1.0%]. The high prevalence of commensal parasites, such as Entamoeba coli, which does not need cure is indicating the importance of personal hygiene in food handlers. Our results revealed the high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in food handlers in Iran. Monitoring programs to prevent and controlling of transmission to individuals are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khojasteh Sharifi-Sarasiabi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Azar Shokri
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasn University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Saeed HosseyniTeshnizi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tabaripour R, Keighobadi M, Sharifpour A, Azadeh H, Shokri A, Banimostafavi ES, Fakhar M, Abedi S. Global status of neglected human Linguatula infection: a systematic review of published case reports. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3045-3050. [PMID: 34342683 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. The disease is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of arthropods and annelids. The life cycle of Linguatula spp. is provided as an example of pentastomid biology. The adult forms of Linguatula spp. are found in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of dogs and other canids, domestic animals, and humans. Infestation may occur in the viscera, where immature forms develop in the liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, or in the nasopharyngeal area. This review includes previous studies on the genus Linguatula in Iran and other countries from 1940 to 2019. Considering a few reports of human infestation, a comprehensive search was performed on both English and Persian databases for publications reporting human cases all around the world. Finally, 30 papers of 62 human cases were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 25.8 years (varied from 8 to 79 years). Altogether, 41 (66.1%) and 21 (33.9%) of the patients were female and male respectively. The maximum cases (n = 25) were from Sudan. Nasopharynx was the most frequently involved organ in human cases. Our findings offer that physicians should consider the Linguatula infection in patients with complaints like unexpected dysphagia, with coughing, sneezing, and vomiting, after consuming raw/undercooked contaminated ruminant's viscera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabeeh Tabaripour
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Keighobadi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifpour
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Azadeh
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Elham Sadat Banimostafavi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.
| | - Soodeh Abedi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feiz Haddad MH, Lomei J, Shokri A, Habibpour H, Rezvan H, Nourian A, Mahmoudi MR. Review of Development of Live Vaccines against Leishmaniasis. Journal of Child Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLeishmaniasis is a serious public health problem in both tropical and temperate regions, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis worldwide. After recovery from the initial infection in most of the patients, a long-lasting natural immunity will be established. In individuals with HIV infection or in immune deficient patients, the more dangerous forms can occur. Despite many attempts, there is no efficient vaccine for leishmaniasis. The main concern for live-attenuated vaccines is the possibility of returning to the virulent form. Therefore, the safety is an important point in designing a successful vaccine. Nonvirulent parasites as vaccine candidates are achievable through gamma-irradiation, long-term culture, random mutations induced by chemical agents, and temperature-sensitive mutations. The type of change(s) in such parasites is not known well and drawbacks such as reversion to virulent forms was soon realized. Leishmania tarentolae with capacity of adaptation to mammalian system has a potential to be used as nonpathogenic vector in vaccine programs. Due to its nonpathogenic intrinsic property, it does not have the ability to replace with the pathogen form. Moreover, the main problems are associated with the production of live vaccines, including lyophilization, storage, standards, and quality control that must be considered. In this review, we focused on the importance of different approaches concerning the development of a live vaccine against leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Feiz Haddad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jalal Lomei
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector-borne Disease Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Habib Habibpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezvan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourian
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ganjeifar B, Ghafouri M, Shokri A, Rahbarian Yazdi F, Hashemi SA. Giant Cerebral Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Case Report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:1774-1778. [PMID: 33768934 PMCID: PMC7981697 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of hydatid cyst should be considered in children with seizure in endemic regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Ganjeifar
- Department of NeurosurgeryMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Majid Ghafouri
- Vector‐borne Disease Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector‐borne Disease Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | | | - Seyed Ahmad Hashemi
- Vector‐borne Disease Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sabzevari S, Teshnizi SH, Shokri A, Bahrami F, Kouhestani F. Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2021; 152:104721. [PMID: 33539962 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis as a public health concern that attracts many attentions in endemic area. There is no exact estimation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. This study aimed to assess the exact prevalence of disease and carried out in databases including: Pub Med, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Iran doc, Barakatkns and Scientific Information Database (SID) from 2000 to 2019. Totally 84 studies were eligible to be included in this systematic review and Meta-analysis study. Based on a random effect model the pooled prevalence of leishmaniasis was estimated 45% (95% CI: 39%-51%; I^2 = 99.8%P < 0.001). The highest prevalence of CL was related to Isfahan 66% (53%-78%), Golestan 64% (62%-65%) and Fars province 63% (38%-84%) and the lowest prevalence was estimated in Kermanshah province 4% (4%-5%), Hormozgan 10% (8%-11%), Bushehr 12% (1%-35%) and Kerman 15% (9%-22%) provinces respectively. The lowest prevalence was associated with L. trapica spices 23% (11%-38%) and the highest was associated with L. major spices 32% (21%-45%). The prevalence with both L. trapica and L. major spices was achieved 60% (48%-71%). It is essential for health authorities to take steps to control and prevent the epidemic by rapid treatment of patients, destroying gerbils and promotion of general and health education for the local population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Sabzevari
- Vector-borne Disease Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | - Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector-borne Disease Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | - Fariborz Bahrami
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kouhestani
- Vector-borne Disease Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Taghavi MR, Mollazadeh S, Seddigh‐Shamsi M, Azimian A, Mianji M, Mohajerzadeh Heydari MS, Zandi Z, Shokri A. Visceral leishmaniasis in an adult case in Northeast of Iran: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:3208-3212. [PMID: 33363908 PMCID: PMC7752472 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a rare complication in adult cases even in endemic areas. Here, the first report of visceral leishmaniasis in a young woman in northeast of Iran has been described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Mohsen Seddigh‐Shamsi
- Department of Hematology OncologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amir Azimian
- Faculty of MedicineNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Mahnoush Mianji
- Faculty of MedicineNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | | | - Zahra Zandi
- Faculty of MedicineNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector‐borne diseases Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghafouri M, Khorasani EY, Shokri A. Primary pelvic hydatid cyst in an infertile female, A case report. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:1769-1773. [PMID: 32983493 PMCID: PMC7495782 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to consider hydatidosis as a differential diagnosis in all suspected cysts in endemic regions. The wide range of hydatidosis presentations makes it difficult to differentiate from similar symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghafouri
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| | | | - Azar Shokri
- Vector‐borne Diseases Research CenterNorth Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurdIran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shokri A, Golriz M, Alaeiyan M. Comparison of DNA strands by molecular topological and ALE indices. Journal of Information and Optimization Sciences 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02522667.2020.1744308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Shokri
- Department Mathematics, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Golriz
- Department Mathematics, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alaeiyan
- Department of Mathematics, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran 16844, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shokri A, Sabzevari S, Hashemi SA. Impacts of flood on health of Iranian population: Infectious diseases with an emphasis on parasitic infections. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2020; 9:e00144. [PMID: 32215322 PMCID: PMC7083784 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Outbreaks of infectious diseases are the major concern after flooding. Flood makes people displacement which would be more complicated with inadequate sanitation. Settling in crowded shelters in absence of clean water and inaccessibility to health care services makes people more vulnerable to get infection. This review aimed to discuss about potential undesirable outcomes of flooding occurred in 2019 in Iran. Methods A comprehensive search was carried out in databases including PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Iran medex, Magiran and SID (Scientific information database) from 2000 to 2019. All original descriptive articles on flood were concerned. Related articles on flood disturbance were considered. Also, publication of red cross society was considered as only reliable reference in evaluation of consequences of flood occurred in 2019 in Iran. Results Flooding in Iran, was started in March 2019 and lasted to April 2019. Flood affected 31 provinces and 140 rivers burst their banks, and southwestern Iran being hit most severely. According the reports of international federation of red cross society, 3800 cities and villages were affected by the floods with 65,000 destroyed houses and 114,000 houses partially damaged. Also 70 hospitals or health care centers with 1200 schools were damaged along with many infrastructures including 159 main roads and 700 bridges. Conclusions Considering 365,000 displaced persons and estimation of mentioned damages, it was one of the greatest natural disaster during the last 20 years. Various risk factors in favor of infectious diseases such as overcrowding, disruption of sewage disposal, poor standards of hygiene, poor nutrition, negligible sanitation and human contact among refugees provide suitable conditions for increased incidence of infectious diseases after flooding and also cause epidemics.More attention is needed to provide hygienic situation for people after natural disasters including flood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Shokri
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Sadaf Sabzevari
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hashemi
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jafari R, Gorgizadeh H, Soosaraei M, Shokri A, Bandalizadeh Z, Ahmadi H, Banimostafavi ES, Fakhar M. Initial Evidences of Salt and Pepper Retinal Lesions (SPRL) in Patients with Intestinal Protozoan Infections in Iran. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:60-67. [PMID: 31903888 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666200106124604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is made clear that salt and pepper retinal lesion (SPRL) has subsequently associated with the infection with Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia). However, little is known regarding the prevalence of SPRL among patients suffered from parasitic infections in the world. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SPRL among patients with intestinal protozoan infections, for the first time, in Sari, northern Iran. METHODS In this case-control study, a total of 150 subjects participated: 75 were in the patients group diagnosed to have an intestinal parasite and 75 in the control group without any intestinal infection. Fecal samples were obtained from all participants and examined with wet mount and formalin-ether methods. The retina of both groups was examined by an ophthalmologist. RESULTS Overall, salt and pepper retinal changes were diagnosed in 12 (16 %) patients with at least one parasitic infection (7 females and 5 males). G. lamblia was diagnosed in 6 subjects (50%), Blastocystis hominis in 5 (41.6%), and Entamoeba coli in 1 (8.3 %). Most of the patients (58.3%) had a mild infection. Bilateral retinal involvement was observed in 75% of the patients. Furthermore, macula involvement was observed in 91.7 % with SPRL. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated the relatively high prevalence of SPRL in subjects with giardiasis and blastocystosis. It can be concluded that not only G. lamblia but also B. hominis can cause SPRL in Sari, Iran. Further studies are needed to find other etiologic parasites able to cause retinal damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jafari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Buali Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Huriyeh Gorgizadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Soosaraei
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector- borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Zainab Bandalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Buali Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elham Sadat Banimostafavi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shokri A, Hashemi S, Teshnizi S, Vafaei F, Ganji A, Sadeghi M, Mizani A. Incidence of Enterobius vermicularis in acute appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acute Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-6189.288592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
17
|
Sharif Y, Sadeghi O, Dorosty A, Siassi F, Jalali M, Djazayery A, Shokri A, Mohammad K, Parsaeian M, Abdollahi Z, Heshmat R, Yarparvar A, Pouraram H, Esmaillzadeh A. Association of vitamin D, retinol and zinc deficiencies with stunting in toddlers: findings from a national study in Iran. Public Health 2019; 181:1-7. [PMID: 31887436 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the association of serum levels of 25(OH)D3 (vitamin D), retinol (vitamin A) and zinc with stunting in a large sample of Iranian toddlers. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS A total of 4261 children, aged 10-36 months, who had Iranian birth certificates were included in the present study. Weight and height were measured by experienced professionals in accordance with standard protocols. Stunting was defined as a height-for-age z-score of <-1 standard deviation (SD) based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (the WHO Child Growth Standards median). Serum levels of 25(OH)D3, retinol and zinc were examined based on standard methods. RESULTS The mean age of the study participants was 19.2 ± 8.4 months. A significant inverse association was found between serum retinol concentrations and the odds of stunting such that after controlling for potential confounders, toddlers in the highest quartile of serum retinol levels had 29% lower odds of stunting than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio [OR]: 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.53-0.97). Furthermore, a significant inverse association was found between serum levels of retinol and stunting in girls (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.94), urban toddlers (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.44-0.99) and those who did not use nutritional supplements (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52-0.95). Although serum 25(OH)D3 levels were not significantly associated with stunting in the overall study population, we found a positive association among toddlers who used nutritional supplements. No significant association was found between serum levels of zinc and stunting. CONCLUSION We found a significant inverse association between serum levels of retinol and stunting in toddlers aged 10-36 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Sharif
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - O Sadeghi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Dorosty
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Siassi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Jalali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Djazayery
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shokri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - K Mohammad
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - M Parsaeian
- School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Z Abdollahi
- Nutrition Department, Under-secretary for Health, Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - A Yarparvar
- Health and Nutrition Unit, UNICEF, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Pouraram
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tabaripour R, Shokri A, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M. Status of Linguatula serrata infection in livestock: A systematic review with meta-analysis in Iran. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2019; 7:e00111. [PMID: 31236489 PMCID: PMC6582392 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present systematic review attempted to determine the prevalence of Linguatula serrata (L. serrata) infection among Iranian livestock. The L. serrata known as tongue worm belongs to the phylum pentastomida and lives in upper respiratory system and nasal airways of carnivores. Herbivores and other ruminants are intermediate hosts. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were searched from Nov 1996 to 22 Apr 2019 by searching terms including "Linguatula serrata", "linguatulosis", "pentastomida", "bovine", "cattle", "cow", "buffalo", "sheep", "ovine", "goat", "camel", "Iran", and "prevalence" alone or in combination. The search was conducted in Persian databases of Magiran, Iran doc, Barakatkns (Iran medex) and Scientific Information Database (SID) with the same keywords. After reviewing the full texts of 133 published studies, 50 studies had the eligibility criteria to enter our review. Results By random effects model analysis, the pooled prevalence of linguatulosis was 25% (95%CI: 18.0-33.0, I 2 = 98.67 % , P < 0.001) in goats; 15.0% (95%CI: 10.0-20.0, I 2 = 97.95 % , P < 0.001) in sheep; 12.0% (95%CI: 7.0-18.0, I 2 = 98.05 % , P < 0.001) in cattle; 7% (95%CI: 2.0-16.0, I 2 = 97.52%) in buffalos and 11.0% (95%CI: 6.0-16.0%, I 2 = 96.26 % , P < 0.001) in camels. The overall prevalence in livestock was estimated to be 25%. The highest infection rate was recorded in West Azerbaijan Province (68%) and the lowest rate was in Khuzestan Province (0.23%) (P < 0.05). Conclusions We concluded that the high prevalence of L. serrata infection in livestock (mainly ovine linguatulosis) show the endemic status of linguatulosis in several parts of Iran and will pose a risk for inhabitants. Control strategies to reduce the parasite burden among these animals are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabeeh Tabaripour
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Vector-Borne Disease Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Keighobadi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Keighobadi M, Emami S, Fakhar M, Shokri A, Mirzaei H, Hosseini Teshnizi S. Repurposing azole antifungals into antileishmanials: Novel 3-triazolylflavanones with promising in vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania major. Parasitol Int 2018; 69:103-109. [PMID: 30582997 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have described a series of azole antifungals namely 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)flavanones (TFs) containing an N-(phenethyl)azole framework required for sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) inhibitory activity. Similar mechanism of action of azoles in fungi and protozoan parasites prompted us to investigate the potential effects of TFs against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania major (L. major), as well as their toxicity against macrophages, apoptosis induction and in silico interactions with the target enzyme. All compounds showed more potent anti-parasitic activity against L. major in comparison with reference azole drug fluconazole and standard antileishmanial agent glucantime. Among the tested compounds, the 4-chloro derivative (TF-2) was found to be the most potent one, being about 13 times more potent than fluconazole against promastigotes. TF-2 decreased both mean infection rate of macrophages (MIR) and mean number of amastigotes per macrophages (MNAPM), significantly more than fluconazole (P < .001). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assay against J774.A.1 macrophages revealed that this compound displays high selectivity against amastigotes over macrophages (SI = 30.21). The in silico study showed that TF-2 can properly accommodated in the active site of parasitic CYP51 and coordinated to the heme. The SAR analysis showed that the introduction of 4-chloro on 2-phenyl moiety results in the best profile of activity and selectivity. Accordingly, the compound TF-2 prototype can be considered as promising candidate for development of new antileishmanial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keighobadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Azar Shokri
- Student Research Committee, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hassan Mirzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shokri A, Fakhar M, Emami S, Gill P, Akhtari J. Ultrastructural Investigation of Leishmania major Promastigotes Treated with A New Potent Antileishmanial Azole Using Scanning Electron and Atomic Force Microscopes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:246-255. [PMID: 30227826 DOI: 10.2174/1574891x13666180918121628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND BACKGROUND Azoles as antifungal drugs have been used to treat leishmaniasis for many years. Several evidences suggesting that the primary target of azoles is the heme protein, which co-catalyzes cytochrome P-450-dependent 14α-demethylation of lanosterol. Little is known about the structural changes caused by azoles with atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the current work, several patented antileishmanial agents reviewed (US8809555) (US 0269803 A1) (TW201802093 A). The present study aimed to determine ultrastructural damage in Leishmania major (L.major) induced by the newly synthesized azole. METHODS In this study, we investigated the morphological alterations of the parasite treated with our new synthesized azole namely trans-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-3-(1Himidazol- 1-yl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (IF-2) against L.major promastigotes stage using two high-resolution microscopic techniques: atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The results showed remarkable topographical and morphological alterations in the cell membrane at promastigote stage of L. major treated with the potent investigated azole (IF-2) ( IC50 values ≤8.9 µg/mL). Both techniques revealed membrane damage and also losing the flagellum in the observed cells. CONCLUSION Our results strongly confirm the Leishmania cell wall as a potent target for the new synthesized azole (IF-2). Accordingly, focus on membrane integrity and glycoconjugates of Leishmania parasite to design new therapeutic agents is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Shokri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Pooria Gill
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shokri A, Abastabar M, Keighobadi M, Emami S, Fakhar M, Teshnizi SH, Makimura K, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Mirzaei H. Promising antileishmanial activity of novel imidazole antifungal drug luliconazole against Leishmania major: In vitro and in silico studies. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:260-265. [PMID: 29793051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pentavalent antimonials have been used for the treatment of leishmaniasis for over 70 years, however they are limited by their toxicity. Unfortunately, the efficacy of first-line drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis has decreased and resistance is noticeable. Luliconazole is a new azole with unique effects on fungi that has not yet been tested on Leishmania parasites. METHODS In this study, the cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of luliconazole were evaluated in vitro against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania major. The docking simulation with the target enzyme, sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) was performed using AutoDock 4.2 program. RESULTS The IC50 (concentration of test compound required for 50% inhibition) against promastigotes revealed that luliconazole (IC50=0.19μM) has greater potency than ketoconazole (KET), meglumine antimoniate (MA) and amphotericin B (AmB) (IC50 values of 135, 538 and 2.52μM, respectively). Against the amastigote stage, luliconazole at a concentration of 0.07μM decreased the mean infection rate and the mean number of amastigotes per macrophage more effectively than MA (P<0.004) and KET (P<0.043), but there was no difference compared with AmB (P>0.05). A docking study of luliconazole with the cytochrome P450 enzyme sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) revealed that this azole drug can properly interact with the target enzyme in Leishmania mainly via coordination with heme and multiple hydrophobic interactions. CONCLUSION These results show the potent activity of luliconazole at extremely low concentrations against L. major. It may therefore be considered as a new candidate for treatment of leishmaniasis in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Shokri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Department of Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Masoud Keighobadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Laboratory of Space and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hassan Mirzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shokri A, Sharif M, Teshnizi SH, Sarvi S, Rahimi MT, Mizani A, Ahmadpour E, Montazeri M, Daryani A. Birds and poultries toxoplasmosis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:635-642. [PMID: 28870339 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the overall prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among birds and poultries in Iran. METHODS Data were systematically collected from 1983 to 2016 in Iran on the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex, and Scientific Information Database. Additionally, the abstracts of national scientific congresses and dissertations were included. RESULTS A total of 20 articles in the field of birds and poultries toxoplasmosis, totally examining 4563 cases with 754 positive results reporting the overall prevalence of infection from all parts of Iran could fulfill our eligibility criteria. The overall estimated prevalence included in chicken 20% (95% CI: 3%-38%) in chicken, pigeons 8% (95% CI: -17%-33%) and in sparrows 15% (95% CI: -25%-54%). CONCLUSION Although there is a lack in data about poultries and birds toxoplasmosis in Iran, our meta-analysis revealed that infection rate is high among birds and poultries in Iran. More studies are needed to manage controlling programs and prevention strategies among poultries in Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Shokri
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Students Research Committee, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharif
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Azadeh Mizani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Students Research Committee, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Montazeri
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Students Research Committee, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shokri A, Akhtari J, Keighobadi M, Fakhar M, Teshnizi SH, Emami S, Sadjjadian S. Promising antileishmanial effectiveness of doxorubicin and Doxil against Leishmania major : An in vitro assay. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:544-548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
25
|
Mizani A, Alipour A, Sharif M, Sarvi S, Amouei A, Shokri A, Rahimi MT, Hosseini SA, Daryani A. Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in Iranian women and risk factors of the disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Health 2017; 45:7. [PMID: 28413330 PMCID: PMC5389165 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-017-0048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasmosis is caused by an intracellular obligatory parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, and it has global distribution. The purposes of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in Iranian pregnant women, and girls and women of childbearing age, and identify potentially preventable risk factors. METHODS Between November 2014 and February 2017, nine electronic databases that reported data on the T. gondii seroprevalence in Iranian women were searched. Our search resulted in 83 reports published from 1994 to 2017. RESULTS The results showed that the pooled estimation for the prevalence of T. gondii using a random-effect model was 43% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 38-48%) in pregnant women and 33% (95% CI = 23-43%) in girls and the childbearing age groups. There was a significant association between the T. gondii seroprevalence with age and the gestational age of conception in pregnant women and those who had contact with cats in both groups. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive systematic review of T. gondii infection seroprevalence in Iranian women, which showed a high prevalence of Toxoplasma infection. Around 57% of pregnant women and 67% of girls and the childbearing age groups were seronegative and thus were susceptible to infection and should be monitored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Mizani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 48168-95475, Sari, Iran.,Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas Alipour
- Community Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharif
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 48168-95475, Sari, Iran.,Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 48168-95475, Sari, Iran.,Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Amouei
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 48168-95475, Sari, Iran.,Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Azar Shokri
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 48168-95475, Sari, Iran.,Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taghi Rahimi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 48168-95475, Sari, Iran.,Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 48168-95475, Sari, Iran.,Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 48168-95475, Sari, Iran.,Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shokri A, Emami S, Fakhar M, Teshnizi SH, Keighobadi M. In vitro antileishmanial activity of novel azoles (3-imidazolylflavanones) against promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania major. Acta Trop 2017; 167:73-78. [PMID: 28017860 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a protozoan infectious disease widely distributed all around the world. First line drugs including antimoniales are insufficient due to resistance in endemic areas and high toxicity. Azole antifungals like ketoconazole (KCZ) are also used as antileishmanial agents for several decades. In the present study, we evaluated in vitro antileishmanial effects of new azole antifungals namely 3-imidazolylflavanones (IFs) and their oximes (IFOs) against Leishmania major (L. major) parasites. The obtained results showed remarkable effect of our compounds on promastigote and amastigote stages of L. major. In particular, the 4-chloro analog of flavanone (IF-2) and 3-chloro substituted flavanone oxime (IFO-3) with IC50 values ≤8.9μg/mL were 8-fold more potent than KCZ (IC50=72μg/mL) against promastigote form of L. major. In amastigote stage, the compounds IF-2 and IFO-2 decreased the mean number of infected macrophages (MIR) more than KCZ (p<0.005). In addition, compounds IF-1, IF-2, IF-4, IFO-2, IFO-3 and IFO-5 decreased the mean number of amastigotes per macrophages (MNAPM) significantly more than KCZ (p<0.005). All compounds decreased both MIR and MNAPM significantly more than control (p<0.001). Compounds IF-2 and IFO-2 with parasite survival of 7.70% and 20% had the highest inhibition on intracellular amastigotes. Although most of compounds displayed acceptable selectivity index, compound IF-2 had the highest CC50 value (115.4μg/mL) and SI (383.3). We concluded that our new synthetic azoles displaying potent activity against L. major could be considered as new hits for drug development in the field of antileishmanial therapy.
Collapse
|
27
|
Shokri A, Fakhar M, Teshnizi SH. Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2017; 165:76-89. [PMID: 27570207 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is considered an endemic zoonosis in some parts of Iran and dogs are main reservoirs, which play role in the transmission cycle of human leishmaniasis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Iran. Data were systematically collected from 1982 to 2015 in Iran on the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Irandoc, Iran medex and Scientific Information Database (SID). A total of 39 articles concerning dogs, 6 articles on jackals, 4 articles on wolves and 4 articles on foxes, reporting the prevalence of CVL from different regions of Iran fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Totally, 19903 dogs, 151 jackals, 42 wolves and 44 foxes were examined and the overall prevalence rate of CVL in Iran was estimated to be as following: in dogs 16% (95% CI: 13-19%), in jackals 10% (95% CI: 5-15%), in wolves 10% (95% CI: 5-15%) and in foxes 10% (95% CI: 1k19%), respectively. There was a significant difference in infection rate between male and female dogs, the infection in males 9% (95% CI: 8.8-10.5%) was more than females 7% (95% CI: 5.5-7.5%) (p=0.024). Also, the rate of infection was significantly higher in older dogs than younger ones (p<0.047) while in dogs younger than 1year was 12% (95% CI: 6-18%), in 1-2 years 10% (95% CI: 6-14%), in 3-5 years 16% (95% CI: 9-22%) and in those which were over 7 years 31% (95% CI: 19-44%), respectively. Our meta- regression analysis revealed the significant correlation between stray and owned dogs: the infection rate in stray 10% (95% CI: 5-4%) was higher than those owned 6% (95% CI: 3- 8%) (p=0.037). Also, the prevalence of infection in rural dogs 36% (95% CI: -1-72%) is significantly higher than urban dogs, 19% (95% CI:-1-40%) (p=0.013). Although most (81%) of infected dogs had no clinical signs (asymptomatic), meta-regression analysis showed that the infection rate in asymptomatic dogs was 14% (95% CI: 11-18%) and in those with clinical signs 3% (95%CI: 2-4%), and the correlation is statistically significant (p=0.001). The present systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that CVL is common at least in some districts of more than half of provinces of Iran. Further investigation and monitoring will be required to improve the surveillance and control strategies to reduce the incidence of CVL in Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Shokri
- Students Research Committee, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Saeed Hosseini Teshnizi
- Clinical Research Development Center of Children Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shokri A, Sarvi S, Daryani A, Sharif M. Isolation and Genotyping of Acanthamoeba spp. as Neglected Parasites in North of Iran. Korean J Parasitol 2016; 54:447-53. [PMID: 27658596 PMCID: PMC5040085 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba, a free-living amoeba, is widely distributed in the environment, water sources, soil, dust, and air. It can cause keratitis in contact lens wearers with poor hygiene and also fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) in immunocompromised hosts. The aim of this study was to gain some insights into the distribution and genotypes of the potentially pathogenic species of Acanthamoeba present in water sources in north of Iran. Total 43 Acanthamoeba species were isolated from 77 water samples taken from different water sources within the Mazandaran province in Northern Iran (Sari city and suburbs). Isolates were identified based on cyst and trophozoite morphological characteristics as well genetics. PCR fragments corresponding to the small-subunit 18S rRNA gene were sequenced for 20 of 43 positive isolates. The results revealed that 83.3% of sequenced isolates belonged to the T4 genotype and the rest belonged to the T2 genotype. Our results indicated that Acanthamoeba is widely distributed in Sari city. As the incidence in Iran of amoebic keratitis has increased in recent years, the exact estimation of the prevalence of this amoeba and its predominant genotype may play a crucial role in prevention of the disease. Sari city has several rivers, seashores, and natural recreational amenities, which attract visitors during the year. This is the first report of Acanthamoeba genotypes from water sources in Sari city, Mazandaran province of Iran, and the results suggest that more attention is needed to protect the visiting population and immunocompromised individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Shokri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Sari Medical School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran Province, 48175-1683, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center (TRC), Sari Medical School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran Province, 48175-1665, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center (TRC), Sari Medical School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran Province, 48175-1665, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharif
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center (TRC), Sari Medical School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran Province, 48175-1665, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rahimi M, Sarvi S, Daryani A, Sharif M, Ahmadpour E, Shokri A, Mizani A. Application of multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of Taenia spp. from domestic dogs in the north of Iran. Helminthologia 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/helmin-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
The family Taeniidae is of great importance in the medical and veterinary fields, particularly in the tropics and subtropics. Identification of eggs of different Taenia spp. in the final host by morphological examination is difficult owing to their similarity. Therefore, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a mitochondrial gene was applied to identify morphologically indistinguishable eggs. Fecal samples from 100 domestic dogs, from the Mazandaran province in Iran, were examined using the flotation/sieving method followed by multiplex PCR. Taeniid eggs were observed in 24 % samples, of which 12 %, 10 %, and 2 % were infected with Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia spp., and both E. granulosus and Taenia spp., respectively. E. multilocularis was absent in these samples. The prevalence of E. granulosus in the examined domestic dogs as definitive hosts in north of Iran was high (14 %). Therefore, people living in this region of Iran are in danger of acquiring hydatid cyst, which is a serious public health problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - A. Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - M. Sharif
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - E. Ahmadpour
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A. Shokri
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - A. Mizani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Afshar M, Doosti H, Shokri A, Sargolzaei M. Electronic and magnetic properties of single 3d-transition metals adsorbed on anthracene: a relativistic density functional theory study. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1190874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Afshar
- Department of Physics, Materials Simulation Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - H. Doosti
- Department of Physics, Materials Simulation Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Shokri
- Department of Physics, Materials Simulation Laboratory, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Sargolzaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shahrood, Shahrood, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Crowley N, Shokri A, Petitpain D, DellaValle D. Pre-Surgery Micronutrient Screening by The Registered Dietitian Nutritionist and Post-Surgery Readmission in Bariatric Surgery Patients. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
32
|
Crowley N, Shokri A, DellaValle D. Relationships between Registered Dietitian-Nutritionist-Led Support Group Attendance and Weight Loss Success in Patients after Bariatric Surgery. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Rahimi MT, Daryani A, Sarvi S, Shokri A, Ahmadpour E, Teshnizi SH, Mizani A, Sharif M. Cats and Toxoplasma gondii: A systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 82:e1-e10. [PMID: 26017063 PMCID: PMC6238687 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v82i1.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan zoonotic intracellular coccidian of the phylum Apicomplexa infecting warm-blooded animals and human beings. This protozoan causes a significant public health problem in humans and imposes considerable economic losses and damages to husbandry industries. The final host, cats, accounts for all of these significant burdens. Hence the present study was designed to analyse and review the overall prevalence rate of T. gondii infection in cats in Iran for the first time. In the present study data collection (published and unpublished papers, abstracts of proceedings of national parasitology congresses and dissertations) was systematically undertaken on electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Science Direct, Scopus, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex and Scientific Information Database. A total of 21 studies from 1975 to 2013 reporting prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in cats from different areas in Iran met the eligibility criteria. The pooled proportion of toxoplasmosis using the random-effect model amongst cats was estimated at 33.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.05–46.41). The prevalence rate of cat toxoplasmosis in various regions of Iran ranged from 1.2% to 89.2%. Firstly, this study establishes a crude prevalence rate of T. gondii infection in cats. Secondly, it discusses the role of significant risk factors including sex, age and being either household or stray cats, in the epidemiology of the disease. Furthermore, the current study determines gaps and drawbacks in the prior studies that are useful to keep in mind to assist in designing more accurate investigations in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Rahimi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Centre, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari; Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Sari Medical School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shokri A, Sarasiabi KS, Teshnizi SH, Mahmoodi H. Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasitic infections among mentally retarded residents in central institution of southern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:88-91. [PMID: 23569874 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among mentally retarded residents of rehabilitation center of Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan province, southern Iran. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in central rehabilitation institute of Hormozgan province in summer 2010. Fecal samples of all 133 residents (72 males, 61 females) aged 3-52, were collected in triplicate. Specimens were examined by direct smear, formalin-ether concentration techniques and stained by permanent Trichrome, Ziehl-Neelsen stains. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 13.5. RESULTS Intestinal parasitic infections were seen in 48.5% (64 out of 133 subjects: 53.4% in males and 46.6% in females). Strongyloides stercoralis with 17.3% showed the highest incidence followed by Entamoeba coli (9.8%), Blastocystis hominis (7.5%), Giardia lamblia (2.3%), Endolimax nana (2.3%), Hymenolepis nana (0.8%), Oxyuris vermicularis (0.8%), and Chilomasix mesnili (0.8%). Double infections were found to be as: Strongyloides stercoralis + Giardia lamblia (2.3%), Entamoeba coli + Giardia lamblia (1.5%), Entamoeba coli + Blastocystis hominis (1.5%), Oxyuris vermicularis + Entamoeba coli (0.8%), Strongyloides stercoralis + Entamoeba coli (0.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that strongyloidiasis is a common disease among mentally retarded population in southern Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azar Shokri
- Paramedical School of Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hezarjaribi HZ, Fakhar M, Shokri A, Teshnizi SH, Sadough A, Taghavi M. Trichomonas vaginalis infection among Iranian general population of women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1291-300. [PMID: 25732256 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is one of the main causes of vaginitis, prostatitis, and cervicitis all over the world. Little information is available regarding the burden of T. vaginalis infection in Iranian women. This systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis among general population of Iranian women. Data were systematically collected from 1992 to 2012 in Iran on such electronic databases as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, Irandoc, Iran medex, Scientific Information Database (SID), Global Health, and LILACS. Additionally, abstracts of national scientific congresses and dissertations were included. A total of 30 articles attempted to examine 70,373 individuals and reported the prevalence of trichomoniasis from different regions of Iran. The overall prevalence rate of trichomoniasis in Iran was estimated to be 8% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.07 to 0.09) with the maximum 38.8% (95% CI = 0.036 to 0.042) and the minimum 0.009% (95% CI = 0.008 to 0.010), respectively. Also, it was found that the prevalence in Central provinces is higher than other ones. In all studies, the average of age was 24.5 with the maximum and the minimum of 45 and 22.5 years old, respectively. The present review revealed that infection rate is relatively high among Iranian women, and risk factors such as hygienic situation, behavior and local culture, poor socioeconomic condition, feeble moral considerations, and increase in marriage age must be considered in the management of controlling programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah-Abad Road, P.O Box: 48175-1665, Sari, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sarvi S, Daryani A, Rahimi MT, Aarabi M, Shokri A, Ahmadpour E, Mizani A, Sharif M. Cattle toxoplasmosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta–analysis. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
37
|
Ahmadpour E, Daryani A, Sharif M, Sarvi S, Aarabi M, Mizani A, Rahimi MT, Shokri A. Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dev Ctries 2014; 8:1503-10. [PMID: 25500647 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.4796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent individuals is generally asymptomatic, in immunocompromised patients (HIV/AIDS, cancer, and transplant patients), it can lead to serious pathological effects. This study included a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma infection in immunocompromised patients in Iran. Electronic English and Persian databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Magiran, Scientific Information Database [SID], IranMedex, and IranDoc), parasitology congresses, and projects and theses of Iranian medical universities, were systematically searched from 1997 to 2013 (published or unpublished data). In this paper, several studies that used serological methods for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis were selected. Analysis of seroprevalence estimates was pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Twenty-two studies, comprising 2,805 individuals, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma infection in Iranian immunocompromised patients was 50.01% (95% confidence interval, 43.85 to 56.17); however, there was significant heterogeneity among study groups. The results showed that seroprevalence rate of toxoplasmosis among transplant recipients, HIV/AIDS, and cancer patients in Iran was 55.1%, 50.05%, and 45.06%, respectively. In addition, IgM seroprevalence rate was estimated to be 4.85% (95% confidence interval, 2.22 to 8.41). This systematic review and meta-analysis identified a high seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma infection among immunocompromised patients (50%). Consideration of management, design and provision of appropriate control measures of toxoplasmosis is highly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ahmadpour
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Daryani A, Sarvi S, Aarabi M, Mizani A, Ahmadpour E, Shokri A, Rahimi MT, Sharif M. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the Iranian general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2014; 137:185-94. [PMID: 24887263 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common protozoan parasites with widespread distribution globally. It is the causative agent of Toxoplasma infection, which is prevalent in human and other warm-blooded vertebrates. While T. gondii infection in healthy people is usually asymptomatic, it can lead to serious pathological effects in congenital cases and immunodeficient patients. We sought to identify the seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma infection in the Iranian general population to develop a comprehensive description of the disease condition in Iran for future use. Electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus) and Persian language databases (Magiran, Scientific Information Database [SID], Iran Medex, and Iran Doc) were searched. Furthermore, graduate student dissertations and proceedings of national parasitology congresses were searched manually. Our search resulted in a total of 35 reports published from 1978 to 2012.These include 22 published articles, 1 unpublished study, 8 proceedings from the Iranian conference of parasitology, and 4 graduate student dissertations, resulting in 52,294 individuals and 23,385 IgG seropositive cases. The random errors method was used for this meta-analysis. The result shows that the overall seroprevalence rate of toxoplasmos is among the general population in Iran was 39.3% (95% CI=33.0%-45.7%). There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence rate between male and female patients. A significant linear trend of increasing overall prevalence by age was noted (P<0.0001). In addition, the data indicates that there are high seroprevalence in groups who have direct contact with cats, consume uncooked meat and raw fruits or vegetables, in farmers and Housewife, individuals who have a low level of education, and live in rural areas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of T. gondii infection seroprevalence in Iran, which shows a high prevalence of Toxoplasma infection (more than one third). We highly recommend further study for the purposes of aiding patient management and developing more efficient diagnostic tests and effective prevention approaches.
Collapse
|
39
|
Shokri A, Sharifi I, Khamesipour A, Nakhaee N, Fasihi Harandi M, Nosratabadi J, Hakimi Parizi M, Barati M. The effect of verapamil on in vitro susceptibility of promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania tropica to meglumine antimoniate. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1113-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
40
|
Shokri A, Hatami T, Khamforoush M. Near critical carbon dioxide extraction of Anise (Pimpinella Anisum L.) seed: Mathematical and artificial neural network modeling. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Karimi P, Shokri A, Etemadi L, Negar Rezania N. Factors affecting the hematological and nonhematological toxicities in B-cell lymphoma patients during treatment. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e18004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e18004 Background: Despite recent improvements, toxicities in B-cell lymphoma patients during treatment remains a major challenge for leukemia community. The aim of this study was to determine factors affecting the hematological and non-hematological toxicities in B-cell lymphoma patients during treatment. Methods: This multicentral cross-sectional study was performed on 68 diagnosed B-cell lymphoma patients (17–72 y/o, mean age 53y/o) admitted in three cancer centers for treatment during 2003–2008. Patients with other malignancies, serious illness or infection were not included. Demographic data, clinical and para clinical manifestations were recorded during treatment. Results: 31 (45%) patients developed grade 2 or greater non-hematological toxicities: 11:fever, 8:chills, 6:vomiting, 4:rash, and 3:pruritus. Moreover, 7 patients developed grade 3 non-hematological toxicities. 42 (62%) patients developed grade 2 or greater hematological toxicities. Non-hematological toxicities were more frequent in patients with BM (Bone Marrow) involvement [15/32 (47%) versus 21/60 (35%), p = 0.01] and with extranodal disease [23/48 (48%) versus 11/42 (26%), p = 0.008]. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 hematological toxicity was higher in females than males [17/43 (40%) versus 13/50 (26%), p = 0.001]. Furthermore, being female was significantly associated with the development of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia [17/49 (35%) versus 8/53 (15%), p = 0.003]. In addition, high LDH was also associated with grade 3 or 4 leukopenia [7/27 (26%) versus 9/58 (16%), p = 0.01], but not with neutropenia. Conclusions: Multivariate analysis demonstrate that some factors like female gender, BM involvement, and serum LDH level could be useful for predicting the hematological and nonhematological toxicities in B-cell lymphoma patients during treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P. Karimi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A. Shokri
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - L. Etemadi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - N. Negar Rezania
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shoushtari MJ, Shokri A, Shahab S. Numerical correlation between nerve conduction velocity and compound nerve action potential of median nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and normal group. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 47:105-8. [PMID: 17479727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrodiagnostic studies have a major role in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The parameters used in this regard include nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and compound nerve action potential (CNAP). In some individuals, recording sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) and as a result NCV is impossible. This study aims at determining the numerical correlation between CNAP and NCV calculated through SNAP METHODS: NCV and CNAP in 100 hands of 50 electrophysiologically and clinically asymptomatic individuals and 100 hands of 70 patients with CTS were surveyed. The correlation between NCV and CNAP was determined using independent t-test and regression model. RESULTS The results indicated that there is a significant correlation between sex, group, CNAP and NCV statistically (P(value) < 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficient was -0.95. Agreement between NCV and CNAP was proved based on Bland Altman plot. CONCLUSIONS There is numerical correlation between NCV and CNAP that we can use it when we are not able to calculate NCV through SNAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Shoushtari
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Shiraz University, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shokri A, Sandén AM, Larsson G. Cell and process design for targeting of recombinant protein into the culture medium of Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2003; 60:654-64. [PMID: 12664143 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-002-1156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2002] [Revised: 09/27/2002] [Accepted: 09/27/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a review of strategies to introduce protein into the liquid medium of Escherichia coli K-12 industrial production cells. The cell design strategies are generally based on one of two general mechanisms. The first strategy involves a two-stage translocation using active transporters in the cytoplasmic membrane followed by passive transport through the outer membrane. Passive transport is achieved through either external or internal destabilization of the E. coli structural components. The latter can be achieved by transplantation of destabilizing components (lysis proteins) that work by permeabilization of the outer membrane from the interior of the cell, or by using cells carrying mutations of structural components. Passive transport can also be achieved by a chemical, mechanical, or enzymatic permeabilization directed from outside the cell. The second strategy is realized through transplantation of proteins capable of active transport over one or both of the membranes. This involves the transplantation of secretion mechanisms into the K-12 cell from pathogenic E. coli as well as from other species. The process design strategies are dependent on environmental conditions and must take into account changes in physical parameters, medium design, and influx of limiting carbon source in fed-batch cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Shokri
- The Swedish Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Stockholm Center for Physics, Astronomy and Biotechnology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shokri A, Sandén AM, Larsson G. Growth rate-dependent changes in Escherichia coli membrane structure and protein leakage. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2002; 58:386-92. [PMID: 11935192 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-001-0889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2001] [Revised: 10/24/2001] [Accepted: 10/26/2001] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipid and fatty acid content of the Escherichia coli membrane were investigated during continuous cultivation. At low growth rates, there was an increase in cardiolipin produced at the expense of phosphatidylethanolamine. Phosphatidylglycerol had a maximum at a growth rate of 0.3 h(-1). The amount of cyclic fatty acids was markedly increased at lower growth rates, while there was an evident minimum at 0.3 h(-1). This was also the case for saturated fatty acids. At this point, the unsaturated fatty acids had a maximum depending mainly on changes in cis-vaccenic acid. The mechanical strength towards sonication and osmotic shock/enzymatic treatment showed that the cells were more rigid at low dilution rates. However, this was accompanied by a higher cell lysis, a reduced capacity for total and specific protein production and a lower yield of cells. The amount of lipid A in the medium (endotoxin) was constant and negligible at all growth rates. The leakage of periplasmic protein to the medium had an optimum at 0.3 h(-1), resulting in a transport of 20% of the total recombinant product. It is argued that this constitutes the point of highest membrane fluidity and thus an increase possibility for protein transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Shokri
- The Swedish Centre for Bioprocess Technology, Stockholm Center for Physics, Astronomy and Biotechnology
| | | | | |
Collapse
|