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Zhao G, Niu Y, Wang H, Qin S, Zhang R, Wu Y, Xiao X, Xu Y, Yang C. Effects of three different plant-derived polysaccharides on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant function, and cecal microbiota of broilers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1020-1029. [PMID: 37718500 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of dietary plant polysaccharides on growth performance, immune status and intestinal health in broilers. We randomly divided 960 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks into four groups. The control (CON) group was fed a basal diet, and the remaining groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg kg-1 Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS), Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), or Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide (SMP) for 42 days. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with SMP significantly increased body weight (BW) at 21 and 42 days of age, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the starter and whole experimental period, decreased the concentrations of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and catalase (CAT) activity in the serum (P < 0.05). GPS, APS, and SMP supplementation increased serum levels of immunoglobulins, activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and cecal concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid of broilers (P < 0.05). Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing results showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes was decreased while the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Alistipes, and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group were increased (P < 0.05) in the GPS, APS, and SMP groups compared with the CON group. CONCLUSION Dietary GPS, APS, and SMP supplementation could improve growth performance, enhance immune function by increasing serum immunoglobulin and regulating cytokines, improve antioxidant function by increasing serum antioxidant enzyme activity, increase volatile fatty acid levels and improve the microbial composition in the cecum of broilers. Dietary SMP supplementation had the optimal effect in this study. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huixian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songke Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
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Ismail RFSA, Hassan MAE, Moustafa M, Al-Shehri M, Alazragi RS, Khojah H, El-Raghi AA, Abdelnour SA, Gad AMA. The Influence of a Nanoemulsion of Cardamom Essential Oil on the Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Carcass Characteristics, and Health Status of Growing Rabbits under a High Ambient Temperature. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2990. [PMID: 37760390 PMCID: PMC10525301 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanotechnology approaches have been employed to enhance the solubility, availability, and efficacy of phytochemicals, overcoming some industrial obstacles and natural biological barriers. In this regard, 120 clinically healthy growing V-line rabbits (5 weeks old) reared during the summer season were divided randomly into four equal experimental groups (30 rabbits each). The first group received a basal diet without the supplementation of the nanoemulsion of cardamom essential oil (NCEO) (0 g/kg diet) and served as a control (NCEO 0). The other groups were given diets containing NCEO at levels of 150 (NCEO 150), 300 (NCEO 300), and 600 (NCEO 600) mg/kg diet, respectively. The growth performance (higher LBW and ADG), feed utilization (lower FCR), dressing percentage, and relative weight of the liver were improved significantly in the NCEO-treated groups compared to the control group. Moreover, the dietary treatment significantly decreased the rectum temperature and respiration rate, minimizing the 350 and 325 mg NECO/kg diets. The erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration were significantly increased (p < 0.05), while white blood cells were significantly diminished (p = 0.0200) in the NCEO300 and NCEO600 groups compared to the control group. Treatment with 300 or 600 mg NCEO/kg significantly increased the blood serum total protein and albumin compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the liver enzymes (AST and ALT), uric acid, and creatinine concentrations decreased significantly in the NCEO300 group compared to the control group. The concentrations of triglycerides and total cholesterol were reduced significantly by the dietary treatment. The total antioxidant capacity, dismutase activity, and glutathione concentration were significantly higher, while the malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels were significantly lower in the NCEO300 group than in the control. The inflammatory responses and immunity statuses were improved in the blood serum of the NCEO-treated rabbits compared to the control. Heat-stress-induced pathological perturbations in renal/hepatic tissues and NCEO co-treatment successfully re-established and recovered near-control renal-hepatic morphology. In conclusion, a dietary supplementation of NCEO (300 mg/kg) could effectively enhance growing rabbits' growth indices, feed efficiency, redox balance, immunity, and inflammatory responses during the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab F. S. A. Ismail
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. E. Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62217, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem S. Alazragi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23445, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hanan Khojah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Ali El-Raghi
- Department of Animal, Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Sameh A. Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Alaa M. A. Gad
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Ebeid TA, Aljabeili HS, Al-Homidan IH, Volek Z, Barakat H. Ramifications of Heat Stress on Rabbit Production and Role of Nutraceuticals in Alleviating Its Negative Impacts: An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1407. [PMID: 37507946 PMCID: PMC10376432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stress has become a widespread concern worldwide, which is a major environmental stress that causes substantial economic loss in the rabbit industry. Compared to other agricultural animals, rabbits are more sensitive to heat stress as they have fewer sweat glands and a thicker coat of fur, increasing the heat dissipation complexity. Thus, heat stress hurts rabbits' productivity, meat quality, reproductive performance, antioxidative properties, immune responsiveness, intestinal histomorphology, and microbiome. Nutraceuticals include vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, organic acids, fatty acids, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, enzymes, and medicinal plants due to the possible impacts on maintaining common biological situations, strengthening immune response, and preventing illness, which ultimately led to an increase in productivity. Nutraceuticals have recently attracted a lot of attention to alleviate the adverse impacts of heat stress in rabbit farms. The objective of the current review is to provide acquaintance with the recent findings about the impact of heat stress on rabbit productivity and the advantages of dietary supplementation of nutraceuticals in mitigating it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ebeid
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Hamad S Aljabeili
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim H Al-Homidan
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zdeněk Volek
- Department of Physiology of Nutrition and Product Quality, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 10400 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hassan Barakat
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
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Soundararajan S, Selvakumar J, Maria Joseph ZM, Gopinath Y, Saravanan V, Santhanam R. Investigating the modulatory effects of Moringa oleifera on the gut microbiota of chicken model through metagenomic approach. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1153769. [PMID: 37323848 PMCID: PMC10267347 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1153769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to assess the effects of supplementing chicken feed with Moringa oleifera leaf powder, a phytobiotic, on the gastrointestinal microbiota. The objective was to examine the microbial changes induced by the supplementation. Methods A total of 40, one-day-old chickens were fed their basal diet for 42 days and then divided into two groups: SG1 (basal diet) and SG2 (basal diet + 10 g/kg Moringa oleifera leaf powder). Metagenomics analysis was conducted to analyze operational taxonomic units (OTUs), species annotation, and biodiversity. Additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for molecular characterization of isolated gut bacteria, identified as Enterococcus faecium. The isolated bacteria were tested for essential metabolites, demonstrating antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Results and discussion The analysis revealed variations in the microbial composition between the control group (SG1) and the M. oleifera-treated group (SG2). SG2 showed a 47% increase in Bacteroides and a 30% decrease in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Tenericutes compared to SG1. TM7 bacteria were observed exclusively in the M. oleifera-treated group. These findings suggest that Moringa oleifera leaf powder acts as a modulator that enhances chicken gut microbiota, promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria. PICRUSt analysis supported these findings, showing increased carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the M.oleifera-treated gut microbiota. Conclusion This study indicates that supplementing chicken feed with Moringa oleifera leaf powder as a phytobiotic enhances the gut microbiota in chicken models, potentially improving overall health. The observed changes in bacterial composition, increased presence of Bacteroides, and exclusive presence of TM7 bacteria suggest a positive modulation of microbial balance. The essential metabolites from isolated Enterococcus faecium bacteria further support the potential benefits of Moringa oleifera supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmiya Soundararajan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jasmine Selvakumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zion Mercy Maria Joseph
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yuvapriya Gopinath
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaishali Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affiliated With Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rameshkumar Santhanam
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Zhang H, Huang L, Hu S, Qin X, Wang X. Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder as New Source of Protein-Based Feedstuff Improves Growth Performance and Cecal Microbial Diversity of Broiler Chicken. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061104. [PMID: 36978645 PMCID: PMC10044617 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the lack of protein source feed has become a pressing issue. Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) has good potential for the development of protein-derived feeds due to its good protein quality and abundance, but little is known about its effects on broiler growth performance and cecal microbiota. In this study, the chickens were fed different rates of MOLP (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9%) instead of the rape seed cake, and the effects of different levels of MOLP on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and cecal microbiota of the broilers were evaluated at two different growth stages (day 28 and day 56). In terms of growth performance, the best results were obtained at the 3% MOLP level in the early stages (p < 0.05). In terms of carcass characteristics, in the early stage, the level of 5% MOLP had the best effect; in the later stage, 5% MOLP also had the best effect. In terms of cecal microbial changes, the alpha diversity analysis revealed that 5% MOLP enhanced the richness and diversity of broiler intestinal flora. At the phylum level, the addition of 5% MOLP adjusted the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes to a level close to that of the A1 group on day 28, while 5% MOLP significantly reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (p < 0.05) compared to the A2 group on day 56, and the relative abundance of Firmicutes was still higher in the D2 group than in the A2 group (p < 0.05). At the genus level, MOLP addition consistently and significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides (p < 0.05), except for 3% on day 28 and 1% on day 56. For Oscillospira, increasing MOLP levels in the pre- and post-period resulted in a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Oscillospira (p < 0.05). In conclusion, MOLP helps to enhance growth performance and carcass characteristics and improve the cecal microbial structure of broilers. The recommended rate of MOLP addition for broilers is 5% in both the early and late stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liangmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shihui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xinyun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Laboratory of Tropical Animal Breeding, Reproduction and Nutrition, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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An evaluation of the thermoregulatory potential of in ovo delivered bioactive substances (probiotic, folic acid, and essential oil) in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102602. [PMID: 36924590 PMCID: PMC10166709 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitigating the negative effects of heat stress (HS) is a critical challenge for the global poultry industry. This study evaluated the thermoregulatory potential of 3 in ovo delivered bioactive substances using selected gut health parameters. Eggs were incubated and allotted to 5 groups, and respective bioactive substances delivered. These groups included-the noninjected, in ovo saline, in ovo folic acid (FA), in ovo probiotics (P), and in ovo essential oil (EO). At hatch, chicks were assigned to 5 new posthatch treatment combinations, including A) Negative control (NC)-noninjected eggs offered a basal corn-wheat-soybean diet, B) Antibiotics-NC + 0.05% bacitracin methylene disalicylate, C) In ovo FA-eggs injected with FA + NC diet, D) In ovo probiotics-eggs injected with probiotics + NC diet, E) In ovo + in-water EO-eggs injected with EO and supplied EO via drinking water + NC diet. Birds were raised for 28 d in 8 replicate cages/treatment (6 birds/cage) and exposed to either a thermoneutral (24°C ± 0.2) or HS challenge (31°C) condition from d 21 to d 28. The in ovo delivered FA and EO treatments reduced (P < 0.001) hatchability by at least 26% compared to NC. Induced HS reduced (P < 0.001) total plasma protein, total antioxidant capacity, and villus width in the duodenum and jejunum. Independent of HS and compared to NC, the in ovo + in-water EO treatment resulted in (P < 0.05) at least a 15% increase in villus height: crypt depth across the 3 gut sections. The in ovo + in-water EO treatment also increased the relative mRNA expression of intestinal barrier-related genes (Claudin1,3,4, Occludin, Zona occludens-2, and Mucin 2). Under HS, the in ovo + in-water EO treatment recorded a 3.5-fold upregulation of amino acid transporter gene (SLC1A1), compared to NC. Subject to further hatchability optimization, the in ovo + in-water delivery of EO show potential to afford broiler chicken thermotolerance.
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