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Tan H, Othman MHD, Kek HY, Chong WT, Nyakuma BB, Wahab RA, Teck GLH, Wong KY. Revolutionizing indoor air quality monitoring through IoT innovations: a comprehensive systematic review and bibliometric analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:44463-44488. [PMID: 38943001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) in the built environment is significantly influenced by particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, and air temperature. Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been integrated to improve IAQ and safeguard human health, comfort, and productivity. This review seeks to highlight the potential of IoT integration for monitoring IAQ. Additionally, the paper details progress by researchers in developing IoT/mobile applications for IAQ monitoring, and their transformative impact in smart building, healthcare, predictive maintenance, and real-time data analysis systems. It also outlines the persistent challenges (e.g., data privacy, security, and user acceptability), hampering effective IoT implementation for IAQ monitoring. Lastly, the global developments and research landscape on IoT for IAQ monitoring were examined through bibliometric analysis (BA) of 106 publications indexed in Web of Science from 2015 to 2022. BA revealed the most significant contributing countries are India and Portugal, while the top productive institutions and researchers are Instituto Politecnico da Guarda (10.37% of TP) and Marques Goncalo (15.09% of TP), respectively. Keyword analysis revealed four major research themes: IoT, pollution, monitoring, and health. Overall, this paper provides significant insights for identifying prospective collaborators, benchmark publications, strategic funding, and institutions for future IoT-IAQ researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Tan
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Hong Yee Kek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Wen Tong Chong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Computing, Pen Resource University, P. M. B, Gombe, 0198, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Skudai, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Gabriel Ling Hoh Teck
- Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yinn Wong
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Skudai, Malaysia.
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Skudai, Malaysia.
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Kek HY, Tan H, Othman MHD, Nyakuma BB, Goh PS, Wong SL, Deng X, Leng PC, Yatim AS, Wong KY. Perspectives on human movement considerations in indoor airflow assessment: a comprehensive data-driven systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:121253-121268. [PMID: 37979109 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30912-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding particle dispersion characteristics in indoor environments is crucial for revising infection prevention guidelines through optimized engineering control. The secondary wake flow induced by human movements can disrupt the local airflow field, which enhances particle dispersion within indoor spaces. Over the years, researchers have explored the impact of human movement on indoor air quality (IAQ) and identified noteworthy findings. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive review that systematically synthesizes and summarizes the research in this field. This paper aims to fill that gap by providing an overview of the topic and shedding light on emerging areas. Through a systematic review of relevant articles from the Web of Science database, the study findings reveal an emerging trend and current research gaps on the topic titled Impact of Human Movement in Indoor Airflow (HMIA). As an overview, this paper explores the effect of human movement on human microenvironments and particle resuspension in indoor environments. It delves into the currently available methods for assessing the HMIA and proposes the integration of IoT sensors for potential indoor airflow monitoring. The present study also emphasizes incorporating human movement into ventilation studies to achieve more realistic predictions and yield more practical measures. This review advances knowledge and holds significant implications for scientific and public communities. It identifies future research directions and facilitates the development of effective ventilation strategies to enhance indoor environments and safeguard public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yee Kek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Huiyi Tan
- Faculty of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Bemgba Bevan Nyakuma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Computing, Pen Resource University, P. M. B. 086, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria
| | - Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Syie Luing Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaorui Deng
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Pau Chung Leng
- Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ardiyansyah Saad Yatim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, 16424, Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Keng Yinn Wong
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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Kumar S, Crowley C, Khan MF, Bustamante MD, Cahill RA, Nolan K. Understanding surgical smoke in laparoscopy through Lagrangian Coherent Structures. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293287. [PMID: 37963139 PMCID: PMC10645321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In laparoscopic surgery, one of the main byproducts is the gaseous particles, called surgical smoke, which is found hazardous for both the patient and the operating room staff due to their chemical composition, and this implies a need for its effective elimination. The dynamics of surgical smoke are monitored by the underlying flow inside the abdomen and the hidden Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs) present therein. In this article, for an insufflated abdomen domain, we analyse the velocity field, obtained from a computational fluid dynamics model, first, by calculating the flow rates for the outlets and then by identifying the patterns which are responsible for the transportation, mixing and accumulation of the material particles in the flow. From the finite time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) field calculated for different cross-sections of the domain, we show that these material curves are dependent on the angle, positions and number of the outlets, and the inlet. The ridges of the backward FTLE field reveal the regions of vortex formation, and the maximum accumulation, details which can inform the effective placement of the instruments for efficient removal of the surgical smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Quantitative Methods, CUNEF Universidad, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caroline Crowley
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Faraz Khan
- UCD Centre of Precision Surgery, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miguel D. Bustamante
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan A. Cahill
- UCD Centre of Precision Surgery, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Nolan
- School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Wang L, Wang Z, Zhu S, Zhu Z, Jin T, Wei J. Numerical investigation of impinging jet ventilation in ICUs: Is thermal stratification a problem? BUILDING SIMULATION 2023; 16:1-13. [PMID: 37359830 PMCID: PMC10172721 DOI: 10.1007/s12273-023-1023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Intensive care units (ICUs) are the high incidence sites of hospital-acquired infections, where impinging jet ventilation (IJV) shows great potential. Thermal stratification of IJV and its effect on contaminants distribution were systematically investigated in this study. By changing the setting of heat source or the air change rates, the main driving force of supply airflow can be transformed between thermal buoyancy and inertial force, which can be quantitatively described by the dimensionless buoyant jet length scale (l m ¯ ). For the investigated air change rates, namely 2 ACH to 12 ACH, l m ¯ varies between 0.20 and 2.80. The thermal buoyancy plays a dominant role in the movement of the horizontally exhaled airflow by the infector under low air change rate, where the temperature gradient is up to 2.45 °C/m. The flow center remains close to the breathing zone of the susceptible ahead, resulting into the highest exposure risk (6.6‰ for 10-µm particles). With higher heat flux of four PC monitors (from 0 W to 125.85 W for each monitor), the temperature gradient in ICU rises from 0.22 °C/m to 1.02 °C/m; however, the average normalized concentration of gaseous contaminants in the occupied zone is reduced from 0.81 to 0.37, because their thermal plumes are also able to carry containments around them to the ceiling-level readily. As the air change rate was increased to 8 ACH (l m ¯ = 1.56 ), high momentum weakened the thermal stratification by reducing the temperature gradient to 0.37 °C/m and exhaled flow readily rose above the breathing zone; the intake fraction of susceptible patient located in front of the infector for 10-µm particles reduces to 0.8‰. This study proved the potential application of IJV in ICUs and provides theoretical guidance for its appropriate design.}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics/Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- The Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sirui Zhu
- The Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Zhejiang Modern Architectural Design and Research Institute Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Jin
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics/Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjian Wei
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics/Key Laboratory of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Dexter F, Epstein RH, Loftus RW. Quantifying and Interpreting Inequality in Surgical Site Infections per Quarter Among Anesthetizing Locations and Specialties. Cureus 2023; 15:e36878. [PMID: 37123760 PMCID: PMC10147407 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Earlier studies have shown that prevention of surgical site infection can achieve net cost savings when targeted to operating rooms with the most surgical site infections. Methodology This retrospective cohort study included all 231,057 anesthetics between May 2017 and June 2022 at a large teaching hospital. The anesthetics were administered in operating rooms, procedure rooms, radiology, and other sites. The 8,941 postoperative infections were identified from International Classification of Diseases diagnosis codes relevant to surgical site infections documented during all follow-up encounters over 90 days postoperatively. To quantify the inequality in the counts of infections among anesthetizing locations, the Gini index was used, with the Gini index being proportional to the sum of the absolute pairwise differences among anesthetizing locations in the counts of infections. Results The Gini index for infections among the 112 anesthetizing locations at the hospital was 0.64 (99% confidence interval = 0.56 to 0.71). The value of 0.64 is so large that, for comparison, it exceeds nearly all countries' Gini index for income inequality. The 50% of locations with the fewest infections accounted for 5% of infections. The 10% of locations with the most infections accounted for 40% of infections and 15% of anesthetics. Among the 57 operating room locations, there was no association between counts of cases and infections (Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.01). Among the non-operating room locations (e.g., interventional radiology), there was a significant association (Spearman r = 0.79). Conclusions Targeting specific anesthetizing locations is important for the multiple interventions to reduce surgical site infections that represent fixed costs irrespective of the number of patients (e.g., specialized ventilatory systems and nightly ultraviolet-C disinfection).
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Bernardes LDO, dos Santos FR, Angeloni NLN, Ribeiro Furlan MC, Barcelos LDS, Ferreira AM, Lopes de Sousa AF, de Andrade D, Valim MD, Batista OMA, Lapão LV, dos Santos Junior AG, Lima HDP. Monitoring of surface cleaning and disinfection in a Brazilian pediatric unit. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2023; 10:20499361221148007. [PMID: 36654871 PMCID: PMC9841839 DOI: 10.1177/20499361221148007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the correlation between the methods of monitoring surface cleaning and disinfection (SCD) is fundamental for better infection control. Purpose This study aims to correlate the SCD monitoring methods in a Brazilian pediatric unit. This is an exploratory, longitudinal, and correlational study. Methods The study was conducted in a pediatric hospitalization unit of a medium-sized hospital from December 2020 to March 2021. Four high-contact surfaces were analyzed before and after the cleaning and disinfection process by means of visual inspection, quantification of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and colony-forming unit (CFU) count. The study consisted of three stages: stage I involving situational diagnosis of the SCD process; stage II referring to the implementation of the Surface Cleaning and Disinfection Standardization Program (SCDSP); and stage III involving long-term assessment after implementing the program. A total of 192 assessments were performed in each stage, totaling 576 in the three study stages. Conclusions A significant correlation was found between the ATP quantification methods and microbial count in the bed railing (p = 0.009) and companion's armchair (p = 0.018) surfaces. In both cases, Spearman's correlation coefficients were positive, indicating a positive correlation between ATP and microbial count scores, that is, the higher the ATP values (in RLUs), the greater the microbial counts (in CFUs/cm2). The analysis of the ROC curves suggests that the surfaces presenting ATP below 108 RLUs can be considered approved. The ATP method yielded 78.6% sensitivity; in turn, microbial count presented a sensitivity of 85.7%. It is important to use different methods to monitor the cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, as each one has different sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Denise de Andrade
- Human Exposome and Infectious Diseases Network (HEID), Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luís Velez Lapão
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas Campus, Três Lagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Helder de Pádua Lima
- Master’s Program in Nursing, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas Campus, Três Lagoas, Brazil
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Tan H, Wong KY, Othman MHD, Kek HY, Wahab RA, Ern GKP, Chong WT, Lee KQ. Current and potential approaches on assessing airflow and particle dispersion in healthcare facilities: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80137-80160. [PMID: 36194323 PMCID: PMC9531230 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An indoor environment in a hospital building requires a high indoor air quality (IAQ) to overcome patients' risks of getting wound infections without interrupting the recovery process. However, several problems arose in obtaining a satisfactory IAQ, such as poor ventilation design strategies, insufficient air exchange, improper medical equipment placement and high door opening frequency. This paper presents an overview of various methods used for assessing the IAQ in hospital facilities, especially in an operating room, isolation room, anteroom, postoperative room, inpatient room and dentistry room. This review shows that both experimental and numerical methods demonstrated their advantages in the IAQ assessment. It was revealed that both airflow and particle tracking models could result in different particle dispersion predictions. The model selection should depend on the compatibility of the simulated result with the experimental measurement data. The primary and secondary forces affecting the characteristics of particle dispersion were also discussed in detail. The main contributing forces to the trajectory characteristics of a particle could be attributed to the gravitational force and drag force regardless of particle size. Meanwhile, the additional forces could be considered when there involves temperature gradient, intense light source, submicron particle, etc. The particle size concerned in a healthcare facility should be less than 20 μm as this particle size range showed a closer relationship with the virus load and a higher tendency to remain airborne. Also, further research opportunities that reflect a more realistic approach and improvement in the current assessment approach were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Tan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yinn Wong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Yee Kek
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Garry Kuan Pei Ern
- School of Health Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London, UK
| | - Wen Tong Chong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kee Quen Lee
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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