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Davey SL, Lee BJ, Robbins T, Thake CD. Prevalence of occupational heat stress across the seasons and its management amongst healthcare professionals in the UK. Appl Ergon 2024; 118:104281. [PMID: 38581844 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Occupational heat stress (OHS) is an issue in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in the United Kingdom (UK). The aims of this study were to evaluate perceived levels of OHS during two seasons and its perceived consequences on healthcare professionals (HCPs) and to assess the efficacy of heat stress management (HSM) policies. An anonymous online survey was distributed to HCPs working in HCFs in the UK. The survey returned 1014 responses (87% women). Descriptive statistics and content analysis of survey data identified that OHS in HCFs is frequently experienced throughout the year and concerned most HCPs. Over 90% perceived OHS impairs their performance and 20% reported heat-related absenteeism. Awareness of HSM policies was poor and 73% deemed them not adequate. To help reduce the financial loss and impact on staff performance, health and well-being and patient safety, it is recommended that revisions and widespread dissemination of HSM policies are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Davey
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Sciences, Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.
| | - B J Lee
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Sciences, Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Timothy Robbins
- University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK; Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - C D Thake
- Occupational and Environmental Physiology Group, Centre for Physical Activity, Sport & Exercise Sciences, Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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2
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Asgedom AA. Status of infection prevention and control (IPC) as per the WHO standardised Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) tool: existing evidence and its implication. Infect Prev Pract 2024; 6:100351. [PMID: 38469414 PMCID: PMC10926125 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthcare settings have a high prevalence of infectious agents. This narrative review examines the existing evidence regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) using the WHO Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) tool in healthcare facilities. A total of 13 full length papers from Africa, Asia and Europe were considered for this review. The findings showed that there are discrepancies in the IPCAF values from insufficient to advanced level. The current review shows an advanced IPCAF level in middle income and high income countries. Low income countries showed a lower IPCAF score. There is a need to enhance the IPC capacity building and to supply infection prevention resources to prevent healthcare associated infection (HAI) with a focus on low income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeza Awealom Asgedom
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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3
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Falana ROA, Ogidan OC, Fajemilehin BR. Barriers to infection prevention and control implementation in selected healthcare facilities in Nigeria. Infect Dis Now 2024; 54:104877. [PMID: 38395258 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2024.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While infection prevention and control are of paramount importance, up until recently an assessment of implementation challenges and performance gaps was lacking. This study explored the barriers to infection prevention and control implementation at selected healthcare facilities, the objective being to find ways to improve their programs. MATERIAL AND METHOD A qualitative approach was applied. Purposive sampling was used to select thirty-three healthcare facilities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. They were globally assessed, and an Infection Prevention and Control team, represented by the Infection Prevention and Control referent in each of the selected facilities trained the participants. Data were collected using the Key Informant Interview Guide and analyzed by means of content and thematic analyses using Atlas.ti software. RESULTS Inadequate infection prevention and control materials, poor waste management, non-compliance of patients with infection prevention and control protocols, and poor infrastructure were identified as major barriers to infection prevention and control implementation. CONCLUSION The study concluded that a number of identified factors hindering infection prevention and control implementation in healthcare facilities in Ekiti State needed to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael O A Falana
- Department of Nursing Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwakemi C Ogidan
- Department of Nursing Science, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Gozdzielewska L, Kc D, Butcher J, Molesworth M, Davis K, Barr L, DiBari C, Mortgat L, Deeves M, Kothari KU, Storr J, Allegranzi B, Reilly J, Price L. Interventions for preventing or controlling health care-associated infection among health care workers or patients within primary care facilities: A scoping review. Am J Infect Control 2024; 52:479-487. [PMID: 37944755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review aimed to synthesize the evidence on infection prevention and control interventions for the prevention of health care-associated infection among health care workers or patients within primary care facilities. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched for quantitative studies published between 2011 and 2022. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using Cochrane and Joanna Briggs tools, were conducted by independent review with additional sensitivity checking performed on study selection. RESULTS Four studies were included. A randomized trial and a cross-sectional survey, respectively, found no statistical difference in laboratory-confirmed influenza in health care workers wearing N95 versus medical masks (P = .18) and a significant inverse association between the implementation of tuberculosis control measures and tuberculosis incidence (P = .02). For the prevention of surgical site infections following minor surgery, randomized trials found nonsterile gloves (8.7%; 95% confidence interval, 4.9%-12.6%) to be noninferior to sterile gloves (9.3%; 95% confidence interval, 7.4%-11.1%) and no significant difference between prophylactic antibiotics compared to placebo (P = .064). All studies had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS Evidence for infection prevention and control interventions for the prevention of health care-associated infection in primary care is very limited and insufficient to make practice recommendations. Nevertheless, the findings highlight the need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyna Gozdzielewska
- SHIP Research Group, Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland.
| | - Deepti Kc
- SHIP Research Group, Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - John Butcher
- SHIP Research Group, Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Mark Molesworth
- SHIP Research Group, Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Katie Davis
- SHIP Research Group, Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Lisa Barr
- SHIP Research Group, Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Carlotta DiBari
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Mortgat
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miranda Deeves
- Infection Prevention and Control Hub, Integrated Health Services, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kavita U Kothari
- Consultant to Library & Digital Information Networks / Quality Assurance, Norms and Standards / Science Division, World Health Organization, Kobe, Japan
| | - Julie Storr
- Infection Prevention and Control Hub, Integrated Health Services, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benedetta Allegranzi
- Infection Prevention and Control Hub, Integrated Health Services, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacqui Reilly
- SHIP Research Group, Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Lesley Price
- SHIP Research Group, Research Centre for Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
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Zhou H, Liu Q, Liu H, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhuo Y, Li K, Wang C, Huang J. Healthcare facilities management: A novel data-driven model for predictive maintenance of computed tomography equipment. Artif Intell Med 2024; 149:102807. [PMID: 38462276 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breakdown of healthcare facilities is a huge challenge for hospitals. Medical images obtained by Computed Tomography (CT) provide information about the patients' physical conditions and play a critical role in diagnosis of disease. To deliver high-quality medical images on time, it is essential to minimize the occurrence frequencies of anomalies and failures of the equipment. METHODS We extracted the real-time CT equipment status time series data such as oil temperature, of three equipment, between May 19, 2020, and May 19, 2021. Tube arcing is treated as the classification label. We propose a dictionary-based data-driven model SAX-HCBOP, where the two methods, Histogram-based Information Gain Binning (HIGB) and Coefficient improved Bag of Pattern (CoBOP), are implemented to transform the data into the bag-of-words paradigm. We compare our model to the existing predictive maintenance models based on statistical and time series classification algorithms. RESULTS The results show that the Accuracy, Recall, Precision and F1-score of the proposed model achieve 0.904, 0.747, 0.417, 0.535, respectively. The oil temperature is identified as the most important feature. The proposed model is superior to other models in predicting CT equipment anomalies. In addition, experiments on the public dataset also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. CONCLUSIONS The two proposed methods can improve the performance of the dictionary-based time series classification methods in predictive maintenance. In addition, based on the proposed real-time anomaly prediction system, the model assists hospitals in making accurate healthcare facilities maintenance decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Zhou
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qilin Liu
- Medical Equipment Innovation Research Center, Biomedical Big Data Center, Med-X Center for Informatics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haowen Liu
- Medical Equipment Innovation Research Center, Biomedical Big Data Center, Med-X Center for Informatics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Medical Equipment Innovation Research Center, Biomedical Big Data Center, Med-X Center for Informatics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yixuan Zhuo
- Medical Equipment Innovation Research Center, Biomedical Big Data Center, Med-X Center for Informatics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kang Li
- Medical Equipment Innovation Research Center, Biomedical Big Data Center, Med-X Center for Informatics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- Medical Equipment Innovation Research Center, Biomedical Big Data Center, Med-X Center for Informatics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Sichuan University - Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- Medical Equipment Innovation Research Center, Biomedical Big Data Center, Med-X Center for Informatics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Mkamba BS, Rutungwa E, Karimi PN, Ngenzi JL. Factors that influence the availability of childhood vaccine in healthcare facilities at Tana River County, Kenya. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:142. [PMID: 37957739 PMCID: PMC10641990 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine vaccine is a cost-effective health intervention against vaccine preventable diseases (VPD). Tremendous gains have been realized since the introduction of vaccines. Despite the gains, access to the lifesaving commodity has remained a major obstacle globally. Various factors have been associated with vaccine stock-out. This research assessed the factors that influence the availability of vaccines in healthcare facilities at Tana River County in Kenya. METHODS Cross-sectional design was adopted. Census sampling technique was used where all 61 immunizing healthcare facilities were included. The study was carried out in Tana River County which is located in the coastal part of Kenya. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The researchers requested for authorization from relevant bodies and consent from participants. Data were collected, cleaned and recorded in Microsoft excel. STATA version 14 was used to analyze data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis at 0.05 level of significance. RESULTS The study revealed that 62.71% of the facilities experienced routine vaccine stock-out. There was statistically significant association between availability of vaccines and work experience (p = 0.001), training on immunization services (p = 0.027), catchment area map with target population displayed in the facility (p = 0.049), and use of target population method in vaccine forecasting (p = 0.004). The independent predictor of vaccine availability was work experience (p = 0.025). CONCLUSION There was inadequate vaccine forecasting, vaccine stock management practices and accountability. Work experience was the main factor that affected their availability in the health facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Said Mkamba
- EAC Regional Centre of Excellence for Vaccines, Immunization, and Health Supply Chain Management, College of Medicines and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Eugene Rutungwa
- EAC Regional Centre of Excellence for Vaccines, Immunization, and Health Supply Chain Management, College of Medicines and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
- School of Business, College of Business and Economics, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | | | - Joseph Lune Ngenzi
- EAC Regional Centre of Excellence for Vaccines, Immunization, and Health Supply Chain Management, College of Medicines and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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Pot GK, Winkels RM, van Loenhout T. Letter to the Editor: An omission in guidelines. Cardiovascular disease prevention should also focus on dietary policies for healthcare facilities. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1240-1242. [PMID: 37080796 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerda K Pot
- Nutrition & Healthcare Alliance, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Renate M Winkels
- Nutrition & Healthcare Alliance, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Loenhout
- Nutrition & Healthcare Alliance, the Netherlands; Hospital Gelderse Vallei Ede, the Netherlands
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Obubu M, Chuku N, Ananaba A, Sadiq FU, Sambo E, Kolade O, Oyekanmi T, Olaosebikan K, Serrano O. Evaluation of healthcare facilities and personnel distribution in Lagos State: implications on universal health coverage. Hosp Pract (1995) 2023; 51:64-75. [PMID: 36729124 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2023.2170651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nigeria is considering making Universal Health Coverage (UHC) a common policy goal to ensure that citizens have access to high-quality healthcare services without crippling debt. Globally, there is an acute shortage of human resources for Health (HRH), and the most significant burden is borne by low-income countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This shortage has considerably constrained the achievement of health-related development goals and impeded accelerated progress toward universal health coverage. We examine the existing human resource capacity and the distribution of health facilities in Lagos state in this study, discussing the implications of our findings. METHODS The study is descriptive using secondary data analysis. We leverage census-based primary data collected by NOIPoll on health facility assessments in Lagos state. The collected data was analyzed using counts, ratios, rates, and percentages. RESULTS We observe a ratio of 5,014 people to 1 general medical doctor, 2,942 people to 1 specialist, 2,165 people to 1 nurse, and 5,117 people to 1 midwife, which are far higher than the WHO recommendation. We also observe that the ratio of nurses to general medical practitioners is 2.2:1 in urban areas and 2.7:1 in rural. In contrast, the ratio of nurses to specialist medical doctors is 1.3:1 in the urban area and 1.5:1 in the rural areas of Lagos state. The overall nurse per general medical practitioner ratio is 2.3:1 and 1.4:1 for specialist medical doctors. 77.2% of the health facilities surveyed were in the urban areas, with private-for-profit facilities accounting for 82.9%, government facilities accounting for 15.4%, and NGOs/faith clinics accounting for 1.7%. Primary healthcare facilities account for 75.3% of the facilities surveyed, secondary and tertiary facilities account for 24.6% and 0.08%, respectively. Alimosho LGA has the most health facilities (77.38% PHCs, and 22.62% SHCs) and staff strength specifically for general medical practitioners, specialists, nurses, and midwives (16.9%, 19.9%, 16.7%, 17.1%, respectively). Eti-Osa LGA has the best density ratio for generalist doctors, specialist doctors, and nurses per 10,000 (4.42, 12.96, and 11.34 respectively), while Ikeja has the best midwife population density ratio 5.46 per 10,000 population. CONCLUSION The distribution of health personnel and facilities in Lagos State is not equitable, with evident variation between rural and urban areas. This inequitable distribution could affect the physical distance of health facilities to residents, leading to decreased utilization, ultimately poor health outcomes, and impaired access. Much like child mortality, maternal mortality also exhibits a correlation with healthcare worker density. As the physician density increases linearly, the maternal mortality rate decreases exponentially. However, due to the low number of healthcare workers in Lagos state, doctors, nurses, and midwives are frequently unavailable during childbirth, resulting in increasing infant, neonatal, and maternal death. As such, the government should adopt the UHC strategy in its distribution of facilities and personnel in the state for adequate coverage and optimal performance of the facilities. Also, additional investments are needed in some parts of the state to improve access to tertiary health facilities and leverage private sector capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Obubu
- Technical Unit, Health Systems Consult Limited (HSCL), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nkata Chuku
- Technical Unit, Health Systems Consult Limited (HSCL), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Alozie Ananaba
- Technical Unit, Health Systems Consult Limited (HSCL), Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Sambo
- Technical Unit, Health Systems Consult Limited (HSCL), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Kolade
- Technical Unit, Health Systems Consult Limited (HSCL), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope Oyekanmi
- Technical Unit, Health Systems Consult Limited (HSCL), Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwafemi Serrano
- Operations, Head of Operations, Lagos State Health Management Agency (LASHMA), Nigeria
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Suwono B, Brandl M, Hecht J, Eckmanns T, Haller S. Epidemiology of healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in Germany between March 2020 and May 2022. J Hosp Infect 2023; 134:108-120. [PMID: 36738991 PMCID: PMC9894679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks in healthcare facilities played a pivotal role in the course of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. AIM To investigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks in hospitals, outpatient care, and rehabilitation facilities in Germany from March 2020 to May 2022. METHODS Data from the German mandatory notification system were used to describe outbreaks by number of cases and case fatality ratio (CFR), and outbreak cases by age and gender. Using Pearson correlation, the dynamics of cases in the general population were compared with cases in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks before and after the start of the vaccination campaign. Additionally, a counterfactual scenario was used to estimate numbers of prevented HAI cases, using the phase before vaccination as baseline. FINDINGS By the end of May 2022, 8941 healthcare-associated outbreaks were observed with 73,626 cases: 51,504 in hospitals, 15,524 in outpatient care, and 6598 in rehabilitation facilities. Median number of cases per outbreak was 4 (range: 2-342) and cases were more frequently reported in women with 46,818 (63.6%). Overall CFR was 8.1%, higher in men (12.4%) than in women (5.7%). After the vaccination campaign was fully introduced, the association between increasing incidence in the general population and consecutive outbreak cases was decreased by a factor of 10. Furthermore, our counterfactual analysis suggests that more than 55,000 outbreak cases could have been prevented until the end of 2021. CONCLUSION The vaccination campaign in combination with non-pharmaceutical measures was key to reduce number, size and CFR of healthcare-associated outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Suwono
- Robert Koch Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Brandl
- Robert Koch Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Hecht
- Robert Koch Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Eckmanns
- Robert Koch Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Haller
- Robert Koch Institute, Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
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Aemro YB, Moura P, de Almeida AT. Energy access during and post-COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan countries: the case of Ethiopia. Environ Dev Sustain 2023; 25:1236-1257. [PMID: 35002482 PMCID: PMC8723911 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-02090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic causes hundreds of thousands of deaths and has created a catastrophic economic and health crisis around the World. Transportation, manufacturing industries, business and people's movement came to almost a halt and sharp oil and gas prices reduction were observed. The impact of the pandemic for sub-Saharan countries like Ethiopia, which was already struggling with many economic and social welfare problems, is more evident than in other wealthy nations around the World. In Ethiopia, the general energy access rate is 44% and in healthcare facilities is only about 10%. Therefore, the response for the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging, since activities such as information sharing, communication with health centers, diagnosis and medical treatment require electricity access. This paper aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on energy access plans during and post-pandemic. The paper analyzed, the status of the current COVID-19 outbreak in Ethiopia, the energy access situation in health facilities, and the impacts of COVID-19 on energy access during and post-pandemic periods. Data related to the universal energy access plan of Ethiopia, the impact of energy access on healthcare services and the impact of the pandemic were reviewed for the assessment. The analysis indicates that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopian healthcare facilities and on the overall universal energy access plan is immense and to minimize the global impact short and long-term policy responses are identified and urgently recommended. Furthermore, powering healthcare facilities with microgrids composed of solar panels and battery storage systems could be one cost-effective and sustainable solution for the speedy and effective response of the pandemic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Biru Aemro
- Energy for Sustainability Initiative, University of Coimbra, Polo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Polo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moura
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Polo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aníbal T. de Almeida
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, Polo II, 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
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Tan H, Wong KY, Othman MHD, Kek HY, Wahab RA, Ern GKP, Chong WT, Lee KQ. Current and potential approaches on assessing airflow and particle dispersion in healthcare facilities: a systematic review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:80137-80160. [PMID: 36194323 PMCID: PMC9531230 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An indoor environment in a hospital building requires a high indoor air quality (IAQ) to overcome patients' risks of getting wound infections without interrupting the recovery process. However, several problems arose in obtaining a satisfactory IAQ, such as poor ventilation design strategies, insufficient air exchange, improper medical equipment placement and high door opening frequency. This paper presents an overview of various methods used for assessing the IAQ in hospital facilities, especially in an operating room, isolation room, anteroom, postoperative room, inpatient room and dentistry room. This review shows that both experimental and numerical methods demonstrated their advantages in the IAQ assessment. It was revealed that both airflow and particle tracking models could result in different particle dispersion predictions. The model selection should depend on the compatibility of the simulated result with the experimental measurement data. The primary and secondary forces affecting the characteristics of particle dispersion were also discussed in detail. The main contributing forces to the trajectory characteristics of a particle could be attributed to the gravitational force and drag force regardless of particle size. Meanwhile, the additional forces could be considered when there involves temperature gradient, intense light source, submicron particle, etc. The particle size concerned in a healthcare facility should be less than 20 μm as this particle size range showed a closer relationship with the virus load and a higher tendency to remain airborne. Also, further research opportunities that reflect a more realistic approach and improvement in the current assessment approach were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Tan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yinn Wong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Yee Kek
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Garry Kuan Pei Ern
- School of Health Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London, UK
| | - Wen Tong Chong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kee Quen Lee
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Deng L, Romainoor NH. A bibliometric analysis of published literature on healthcare facilities' wayfinding research from 1974 to 2020. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10723. [PMID: 36177223 PMCID: PMC9513784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Wayfinding in complex environments is a public issue facing the world and has become a hot research topic in recent years. This article reviews and quantitatively analyzes the literature on wayfinding in healthcare facilities and collates the research trends and hotspots in this area. Methods The article used bibliometric analysis to search keywords in the Scopus database in the TITLE-ABS-KEY format. In total, 2359 articles were finally collated between 1974 and 2020 after three screening exercises, and a co-citation analysis was conducted by VOSviewer literature visualization analysis software. Results Research in the worldwide literature on wayfinding in healthcare facilities has grown steadily year on year since 2002. Computer science (21.5%) and social science (15.5%) are the most common subject categories, with the United States (N = 767) accounting for the largest proportion of research. “Lecture Notes In Computer Science Including Subseries Lecture Notes In Artificial Intelligence And Lecture Notes In Bioinformatics” is the most active journal in terms of publications (N = 169). Conclusion Wayfinding cognition, wayfinding behavior, and individual and group differences are currently the focus of research in the field of healthcare facilities. Future research on wayfinding in healthcare facilities will further investigate intelligent assistive technologies and universal designs such as universal signage systems. In addition, cross-cultural-based wayfinding research is a hot topic for future studies where the boundaries of research are broadened and have practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujie Deng
- School of the Arts, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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13
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Ammoun R, Wami WM, Otieno P, Schultsz C, Kyobutungi C, Asiki G. Readiness of health facilities to deliver non-communicable diseases services in Kenya: a national cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:985. [PMID: 35918710 PMCID: PMC9344761 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for an estimated 71% of all global deaths annually and nearly 80% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the readiness of existing healthcare systems at different levels of health care in delivering NCDs management and prevention services in Kenya. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 258 facilities was conducted between June 2019 and December 2020 using multistage sampling, examining facility readiness based on the availability of indicators such as equipment, diagnostic capacity, medicines and commodities, trained staff and guidelines for NCDs management. Readiness scores were calculated as the mean availability of tracer items expressed as a percentage and a cut-off threshold of ≥ 70% was used to classify facilities as “ready” to manage NCDs. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed to assess the readiness of facilities by type, level, and location settings. Logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with the readiness of facilities to provide disease-specific services. Results Of the surveyed facilities, 93.8% offered chronic respiratory disease (CRD) diagnosis and/or management services, 82.2% diabetes mellitus, 65.1% cardiovascular disease (CVD), and only 24.4% cervical cancer screening services. The mean readiness scores for diabetes mellitus (71%; 95% CI: 67–74) and CVD (69%; 95% CI: 66–72) were relatively high. Although CRD services were reportedly the most widely available, its mean readiness score was low (48%; 95% CI: 45–50). The majority of facilities offering cervical cancer services had all the necessary tracer items available to provide these services. Modeling results revealed that private facilities were more likely to be “ready” to offer NCDs services than public facilities. Similarly, hospitals were more likely “ready” to provide NCDs services than primary health facilities. These disparities in service readiness extended to the regional and urban/rural divide. Conclusions Important gaps in the current readiness of facilities to manage NCDs in Kenya at different levels of health care were revealed, showing variations by disease and healthcare facility type. A collective approach is therefore needed to bridge the gap between resource availability and population healthcare needs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08364-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ammoun
- Faculty of Médicine, Limoges Université, 2 Rue du Docteur Marcland, 87025, LIMOGES CEDEX, France
| | - Welcome Mkhululi Wami
- African Population and Health Research Center, 2nd Floor Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, P.O. Box 10787 - 0100, Kitisuru, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter Otieno
- African Population and Health Research Center, 2nd Floor Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, P.O. Box 10787 - 0100, Kitisuru, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine Kyobutungi
- African Population and Health Research Center, 2nd Floor Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, P.O. Box 10787 - 0100, Kitisuru, Nairobi, Kenya.,Amsterdam UMC, location University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gershim Asiki
- African Population and Health Research Center, 2nd Floor Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, P.O. Box 10787 - 0100, Kitisuru, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Women's and Children's Health (KBH), Karolinka Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
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Gupta A, Gitanjali T, Christina S, Janani L, Jamsheer MKM, Akoijam BS. Preparedness of healthcare facilities of manipur in the management of noncommunicable diseases: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Public Health 2022; 66:245-250. [PMID: 36149099 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_29_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background India is experiencing a rapid health transition with a rising burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), causing significant morbidity and mortality. Cost-effective interventions for comprehensive NCD management can only be designed after assessing the readiness of various health facilities. Objectives This study aimed to assess the preparedness of healthcare facilities of Manipur in the management of NCDs and to assess the knowledge of doctors regarding NCDs. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 21 public healthcare facilities in seven districts of Manipur during October 2021. Readiness of these facilities was assessed through observation and interview of doctors and nurses using a checklist adapted from the WHO Package of Essential NCDs. Knowledge of 153 doctors was also assessed using a self-administered, structured questionnaire. Data were entered in SPSS-26 and expressed using descriptive statistics. Results General readiness index of primary health centers (PHCs), community health centers (CHCs), district hospitals (DHs), and tertiary care centers (TCCs) was 47%, 66.3%, 73.2%, and 70%, respectively. CHCs were ready in the domains of patient care services (80%), human resources (75%), and advocacy (91.7%). DHs and TCCs were ready in terms of patient care services, human resources, record maintenance, referral system, and advocacy. PHCs were not ready in any of the nine domains. Majority of the doctors (88%) had inadequate knowledge regarding NCDs. Conclusion PHCs and CHCs were not adequately prepared, but DHs and TCCs were ready to manage NCDs. More than four-fifth of the doctors had inadequate knowledge. Strengthening PHCs and CHCs and training of healthcare workers are needed for integrated NCD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avantika Gupta
- Senior Resident, Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Takhellambam Gitanjali
- Post Graduate Trainee, Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Soubam Christina
- Senior Resident, Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - L Janani
- Senior Resident, Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - M K Mohammed Jamsheer
- Post Graduate Trainee, Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Brogen Singh Akoijam
- Professor and Head, Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India
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15
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Wang F, Fang Y, Deng H, Wei F. How community medical facilities can promote resilient community constructions under the background of pandemics. Indoor Built Environ 2022; 31:1018-1027. [PMID: 35431637 PMCID: PMC9002296 DOI: 10.1177/1420326x211048537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, urban and community resilience have become the core issues of urban theoretical research and construction practices. While there are many studies on climate change, natural hazards and environmental pollution, relatively less attention has been paid to public and human health. However, the current COVID-19 pandemic, which is a major global public health crisis, is posing severe challenges to the resilience of cities and communities in the context of high-mobility, high-density and high-intensity, as well as expands the connotation of community resilience to public health. To compensate for the lack of current research, this study examined the characteristics of community medical facilities in response to pandemics at urban, community and individual multi-spatial scales based on a thorough review of current research and relevant practice. It also emphasized the significant role played by community medical facilities in improving resilient community constructions in the face of large-scale public health emergencies. These characteristics were fully utilized to explore ways to build and govern the 'resilience' of communities in the future, help people to survive better as well as develop in complex and changeable external environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- NSFC-DFG Sino-German Cooperation Group on Urbanization and Locality (UAL), Peking University, College of Architecture and Landscape, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China institution-id-type="Ringgold" />
| | - Yuanyang Fang
- NSFC-DFG Sino-German Cooperation Group on Urbanization and Locality (UAL), Peking University, College of Architecture and Landscape, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China institution-id-type="Ringgold" />
| | - Handuo Deng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangzhen Wei
- Peking University Hospital, Peking University, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
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16
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Alvarenga MOP, Veloso SRM, Bezerra ALCA, Trindade BP, Gomes ASL, Monteiro GQDM. COVID-19 outbreak: Should dental and medical practices consider uv-c technology to enhance disinfection on surfaces? - A systematic review. J Photochem Photobiol 2022; 9:100096. [PMID: 34931181 PMCID: PMC8674638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS During the COVID-19 pandemic the search for complementary methods to enhance manual disinfection in dental and medical practices raised relevance. We sought evidence for the addition of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) disinfection to manual cleaning protocols -and whether it improves the logarithmic (log) reduction of surface pathogen colonies. METHODS This review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD420200193961. Six electronic sources were consulted looking for clinical trials performed in healthcare environments in which pathogens were quantified by colony-forming unit (CFU)-enumeration before and after interventions, all databases were last consulted on May 2021. We assessed the risk of bias using an adapted Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2). The certainty of the evidence was qualified according to the Classification of Recommendations, Evaluation, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS We identified 1012 records and 12 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All included studies reported enhanced disinfection in the UV-C arm; most of them reported 1-log to 2-log reduction in approximately 10 to 25 min. Only three studies reached a 5-log and 6-log reduction. When manual cleaning was performed alone, only two studies reported a 1-log reduction using a chlorine-based disinfectant. We detected a high risk of bias in 1 study. Certainty of evidence was classified as moderate and low. CONCLUSIONS The evidence points out the effectiveness of UV-C technology in reducing manual cleaning failures, enhancing the logarithmic reduction of surface pathogen colonies. However, the safety and success of these devices will depend on several physical and biological factors. A judicious project must precede their use in clinical and medical offices under the supervision of a physicist or other trained professional.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Olimpia Paz Alvarenga
- Dental School, Universidade de Pernambuco, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Cidade Universitária, ITEP/ Bloco B 1o. andar, Av. Prof. Luis Freire, 700 - Recife-PE CEP, , Pernambuco 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Sirley Raiane Mamede Veloso
- Dental School, Universidade de Pernambuco, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Cidade Universitária, ITEP/ Bloco B 1o. andar, Av. Prof. Luis Freire, 700 - Recife-PE CEP, , Pernambuco 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Cassiano Alves Bezerra
- Dental School, Universidade de Pernambuco, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Cidade Universitária, ITEP/ Bloco B 1o. andar, Av. Prof. Luis Freire, 700 - Recife-PE CEP, , Pernambuco 50740-540, Brazil
| | - Benoît Paul Trindade
- School of Robotic and Interactive Systems, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Université Toulouse III, Haute-Garonne, France
| | | | - Gabriela Queiroz de Melo Monteiro
- Dental School, Universidade de Pernambuco, Instituto de Tecnologia de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Odontologia da, Cidade Universitária, ITEP/ Bloco B 1o. andar, Av. Prof. Luis Freire, 700 - Recife-PE CEP, , Pernambuco 50740-540, Brazil
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17
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Ghorbanzadeh M, Kim K, Erman Ozguven E, Horner MW. Spatial accessibility assessment of COVID-19 patients to healthcare facilities: A case study of Florida. Travel Behav Soc 2021; 24:95-101. [PMID: 33777697 PMCID: PMC7980178 DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare facilities worldwide have been overwhelmed by the amount of coronavirus patients needed to be served. Similarly, the U.S. also experienced a shortage of healthcare resources, which led to a reduction in the efficiency of the whole healthcare system. In order to evaluate this from a transportation perspective, it is critical to understand the extent to which healthcare facilities with intensive care unit (ICU) beds are available in both urban and rural areas. As such, this study aims to assess the spatial accessibility of COVID-19 patients to healthcare facilities in the State of Florida. For this purpose, two methods were used: the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) and the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA). These methods were applied to identify the high and low access areas in the entire state. Furthermore, a metric, namely the Accessibility Ratio Difference (ARD), was developed to evaluate the spatial access difference between the models. Results revealed that many areas in the northwest and southern Florida have lower access compared to other locations. The residents in central Florida (e.g., Tampa and Orlando cities) had the highest level of accessibility given their higher access ratios. We also observed that the 2SFCA method overestimates the accessibility in the areas with a lower number of ICU beds due to the "equal access" assumption of the population within the catchment area. The findings of this study can provide valuable insights and information for state officials and decision makers in the field of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United Sates
| | - Kyusik Kim
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, 600 W College Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United Sates
| | - Eren Erman Ozguven
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United Sates
| | - Mark W Horner
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, 600 W College Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United Sates
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18
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Chukwu EE, Oshun PO, Osuolale KA, Chuka-Ebene VO, Salako A, Idigbe IE, Oladele D, Audu RA, Ogunsola FT. Antimicrobial stewardship programmes in healthcare facilities in Lagos State, Nigeria: a needs assessment. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 25:162-170. [PMID: 33812050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Optimising antibiotic use in healthcare settings through antimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) is critical to effectively treat infections, protect patients from harms caused by unnecessary antibiotic use, and combat antimicrobial resistance. This needs assessment was designed to provide the current status of ASPs in healthcare facilities in Lagos State and identify gaps for future interventions. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to ascertain the extent and nature of ongoing ASPs among selected healthcare facilities and identify gaps for future interventional studies. RESULTS Of 32 questionnaires distributed, 25 (78%) were completed and returned from three tertiary, six secondary, eleven primary and five private healthcare facilities. The mean years of practice of respondents was 13.96 ± 7.8 years (2-31 years). Six facilities (24%) had a team responsible for ASP operating at varying degrees of capacity, while five (20%) had a formal ASP. All six facilities with an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) team had a medical doctor as the team lead, and 5 (20%) also had a pharmacist involved in implementation efforts. Routine pre-authorisation for specific antibiotic was performed in six facilities (24%), four of which monitor pre-authorisation interventions. Only two facilities (8%) performed prospective audit and feedback for specific antibiotic agents. Private healthcare facilities were more likely to have information technology (IT) capability to support the needs of AMS activities. CONCLUSION This study revealed minimal ASP activities in healthcare facilities in Lagos State and highlighted possibilities of leveraging on available IT resources for a co-ordinated AMS strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelda E Chukwu
- Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| | - Philip O Oshun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Kazeem A Osuolale
- Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | | | - Abideen Salako
- Clinical Science Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma E Idigbe
- Clinical Science Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - David Oladele
- Clinical Science Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Rosemary A Audu
- Microbiology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Folasade T Ogunsola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Gola M, Caggiano G, De Giglio O, Napoli C, Diella G, Carlucci M, Carpagnano LF, D'Alessandro D, Joppolo CM, Capolongo S, Montagna MT. SARS-CoV-2 indoor contamination: considerations on anti-COVID-19 management of ventilation systems, and finishing materials in healthcare facilities. Ann Ig 2020; 33:381-392. [PMID: 33270076 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2020.2396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Many of the devastating pandemics and outbreaks of last centuries have been caused by enveloped viruses. The recent pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has seriously endangered the global health system. In particular, hospitals have had to deal with a frequency in the emergency room and a request for beds for infectious diseases never faced in the last decades. It is well-known that hospitals are environments with a high infectious risk. Environmental control of indoor air and surfaces becomes an important means of limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In particular, to preserve an adequate indoor microbiological quality, an important non-pharmacological strategy is represented by Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems and finishing materials. Starting from the SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes, the paper investigates the hospital risk analysis and management, the indoor air quality and determination of microbial load, surface management and strategies in cleaning activities, HVAC systems' management and filters' efficiency. In conclusion, the paper suggests some strategies of interventions and best practices to be taken into considerations for the next steps in design and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gola
- Architecture, Built environment and Construction engineering Department and Design & Health LAB, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Caggiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - O De Giglio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - C Napoli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G Diella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - M Carlucci
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, Policlinico - "Giovanni XXIII", Bari, Italy
| | - L F Carpagnano
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale, Policlinico - "Giovanni XXIII", Bari, Italy
| | - D D'Alessandro
- Department of Civil Construction and Environmental Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C M Joppolo
- Department of Energy and Air Lab, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Capolongo
- Architecture, Built environment and Construction engineering Department and Design & Health LAB, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M T Montagna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Gbadamosi AQ, Oyedele L, Olawale O, Abioye S. Offsite Construction for Emergencies: A focus on Isolation Space Creation (ISC) measures for the COVID-19 pandemic. Prog Disaster Sci 2020; 8:100130. [PMID: 34173448 PMCID: PMC7586928 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of a pandemic of global concern, the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has tested the capacity of healthcare facilities to the brim in many developed countries. In a minacious fashion of rapid spread and extreme transmission rate, COVID-19 has triggered a shortage of healthcare facilities such as hospital bed spaces and ventilators. Various strategies have been adopted by the worst-hit countries to slacken or halt the spread of the virus. Common Isolation Space Creation (ISC) measures for the COVID-19 pandemic containment includes self-isolation at home, isolation at regular hospitals, isolation at existing epidemic hospitals, isolation at retrofitted buildings for an emergency, isolation at Temporary Mobile Cabins (TMCs), isolation at newly constructed temporary hospitals for COVID-19. This study evaluates the ISC measures and proposes offsite and modular solutions for the construction industry and built environment to respond to emergencies. While this study has proposed a solution for creating emergency isolation spaces for effective containment of such pandemic, other critical COVID-19 challenges such as the shortage of healthcare staff and other facilities are not addressed in this study.
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Key Words
- COVID-19, Corona Virus Disease 2019
- Covid-19
- ECDC, European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention
- Emergency
- HBS, Hospital Bed Spaces
- Healthcare facilities
- Hospitals
- ICU, Intensive Care Unit
- ISC, Isolation Space Creation
- NCDC, Nigerian Center for Disease control
- NHS, National Health Service, UK
- Offsite construction
- TMC, Temporary Mobile Cabin
- WHO, World Health Organisation
- WMHC, Wuhan Municipal Health Center
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Quayyum Gbadamosi
- Big Data Enterprise and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (Big-DEAL), Bristol Business School, University of West of the England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lukumon Oyedele
- Big Data Enterprise and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (Big-DEAL), Bristol Business School, University of West of the England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Oladimeji Olawale
- Big Data Enterprise and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (Big-DEAL), Bristol Business School, University of West of the England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sofiat Abioye
- Big Data Enterprise and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (Big-DEAL), Bristol Business School, University of West of the England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Kayiwa D, Mugambe RK, Mselle JS, Isunju JB, Ssempebwa JC, Wafula ST, Ndejjo R, Kansiime WK, Nalugya A, Wagaba B, Zziwa JB, Bwire C, Buregyeya E, Radooli MO, Kimbugwe C, Namanya E, Bateganya NL, McGriff JA, Wang Y, Ssekamatte T, Yakubu H. Assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene service availability in healthcare facilities in the greater Kampala metropolitan area, Uganda. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1767. [PMID: 33228619 PMCID: PMC7682765 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Healthcare facilities (HCFs) is of significant public health importance. It is associated with a reduction in the transmission of healthcare acquired infections (HAIs), increased trust and uptake of healthcare services, cost saving from infections averted, increased efficiency and improved staff morale. Despite these benefits, there is limited evidence on availability of WASH services in HCFs in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA). This study assessed the availability and status of WASH services within HCFs in the GKMA in order to inform policy and WASH programming. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 60 HCFs. Availability of WASH services in the study HCFs was assessed using a validated WASH Conditions (WASHCon) tool comprising of structured interviews, HCF observations and microbial water quality analysis. Data were analysed using Stata 14 software and R software. RESULTS Overall, 84.5% (49/58) and 12.1% (7/58) of HCFs had limited and basic WASH service respectively. About 48.3% (28/58) had limited water service, 84.5% (49/58) had limited sanitation service, 50.0% (29/58) had limited environmental cleanliness service, 56.9% (33/58) had limited hand hygiene service, and 51.7% (30/58) had limited waste management service. About 94.4% of public HCFs had limited WASH service compared to only 68.2% of private not for profit facilities. More health centre IIIs, 92.5% and health centre IVs (85.7%) had limited WASH service compared to hospitals (54.5%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that provision of water, sanitation, hand hygiene, environmental cleanliness, and health care waste management services within HCFs is largely hindered by structural and performance limitations. In spite of these limitations, it is evident that environmental cleanliness and treatment of infectious waste can be attained with better oversight and dedicated personnel. Attaining universal WASH coverage in HCFs will require deliberate and strategic investments across the different domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kayiwa
- Programs Department, WaterAid Uganda, P.O. Box 11759, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard K Mugambe
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - John Bosco Isunju
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John C Ssempebwa
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Solomon Tsebeni Wafula
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Winnie K Kansiime
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aisha Nalugya
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Brenda Wagaba
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jude B Zziwa
- Department of Public Health, Kampala Capital City Authority, P.O Box 7010, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Constance Bwire
- Programs Department, WaterAid Uganda, P.O. Box 11759, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Esther Buregyeya
- Programs Department, WaterAid Uganda, P.O. Box 11759, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Ceaser Kimbugwe
- Programs Department, WaterAid Uganda, P.O. Box 11759, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emily Namanya
- Department of Public Health, Kampala Capital City Authority, P.O Box 7010, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Joanne A McGriff
- The Centre for Global Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yuke Wang
- The Centre for Global Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tonny Ssekamatte
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kampala, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Habib Yakubu
- The Centre for Global Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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22
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Ogundepo E, Folorunso S, Adekanmbi O, Akinsande O, Banjo O, Ogbuju E, Oladipo F, Abimbola O, Oseghale E, Babajide O. An exploratory assessment of a multidimensional healthcare and economic data on COVID-19 in Nigeria. Data Brief 2020; 33:106424. [PMID: 33102643 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that is ravaging Nigeria and the world at large. This data article provides a dataset of daily updates of COVID-19 as reported online by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) from February 27, 2020 to September 29, 2020. The data were obtained through web scraping from different sources and it includes some economic variables such as the Nigeria budget for each state in 2020, population estimate, healthcare facilities, and the COVID-19 laboratories in Nigeria. The dataset has been processed using the standard of the FAIR data principle which encourages its findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability and will be relevant to researchers in different fields such as Data Science, Epidemiology, Earth Modelling, and Health Informatics.
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23
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Khan A, Fahad TM, Manik MIN, Ali H, Ashiquazzaman M, Mollah MI, Zaman T, Islam MS, Rahman M, Rahman A, Rahman M, Naz T, Pavel MA, Khan MN. Barriers in access to healthcare services for individuals with disorders of sex differentiation in Bangladesh: an analysis of regional representative cross-sectional data. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1261. [PMID: 32811451 PMCID: PMC7437164 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide people in disorder of sex development (DSD) faces multiple barriers while seeking their social rights, particularly healthcare services. We aimed to explore the healthcare opportunities available to them, using patterns of healthcare utilization and difficulties faced by DSD population in accessing healthcare services in Bangladesh. Methods Data from a total of 945 DSD population and 71 medical staff were analyzed, collected from three major divisions (Dhaka, Chittagong, and Rajshahi) in Bangladesh during the period of January to December of 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data via face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistic was used to determine the frequencies of the visit by the DSD population in healthcare facilities as well as to analyze difficulties experienced by the DSD population in getting healthcare services. Multivariate regression analysis was used to explore the association between perceived barriers in getting healthcare services and failures of the DSD population to receive the healthcare services. Results Present data revealed that around 80% of DSD population sought healthcare services from government healthcare facilities, where the overall success rate in getting healthcare services was less than 50%. The DSD population reported a number of reasons for failures in getting healthcare services, including non-friendly interaction by non-clinical hospital’s staff, non-friendly interaction by physicians, public fright as general people do not want to mingle with a DSD person, undesirable excess public interest in DSD individuals, and limitation of the treatment opportunities of hospitals to merely male or female patients. Among the stated reasons, the most frequently reported reason was non-friendly interaction by physicians (50.27%), followed by undesirable excess public interest in DSD individuals (50.16%). Conclusion DSD population in Bangladesh have limited access to healthcare facilities and facing multiple barriers to get healthcare services. Initiatives from the government and social organizations are important to ensure their access to healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, USA.
| | - T M Fahad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Imran Nur Manik
- Department of Pharmacy, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hazrat Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashiquazzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ibrahim Mollah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjeena Zaman
- Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.,Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Shariful Islam
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Moizur Rahman
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Aminur Rahman
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Tarannum Naz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmud Arif Pavel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, USA.,Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Sciences, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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24
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Anesetti-Rothermel A, Romberg AR, Willett JG, Kierstead EC, Benson AF, Xiao H, Cuccia AF, Briggs JC, Schillo BA, Hair EC, Vallone DM. The availability of retail tobacco near federally qualified healthcare facilities and addiction treatment centers in New York State. Prev Med Rep 2020; 17:100989. [PMID: 31956471 PMCID: PMC6957849 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retail tobacco availability near healthcare facilities differs by facility type. Retail tobacco availability near healthcare facilities varies by urban-rural status. Retail tobacco availability may undermine tobacco-free healthcare policies. Reducing availability of retail tobacco near healthcare facilities is warranted.
The effectiveness of tobacco control policies that create smoke-free healthcare facilities and encourage the delivery of tobacco dependence treatment may be undermined by the availability of retail tobacco in the surrounding environments. This study examined the availability of retail tobacco in relation to: federally qualified health centers and look-a-like (FQHC/LAL) healthcare facilities (n = 706) as well as substance abuse and addiction treatment centers (n = 953) across New York State (NYS) in 2018. A statewide tobacco retailer density surface using static-bandwidth kernel density estimation was constructed from geocoded licensed tobacco vendors (n = 21,314). For each healthcare facility, tobacco retailer density (retailers per square mile) was extracted from the underlying NYS density surface. Proximity from each healthcare facility to the nearest tobacco vendor was calculated in walkable miles. Across NYS, tobacco retailer density ranged from 0 to 41.02 retailers per square mile. The availability of retailer tobacco near FQHC/LAL healthcare facilities and substance abuse and addiction treatment centers was higher in metropolitan areas than less urban areas as expected. School-based FQHC/LAL healthcare facilities had higher density than all other FQHC/LAL healthcare facilities types (Mean = 20.82 vs. 17.04, p = 0.0042), while opioid abuse and addiction treatment centers had on average higher density (Mean = 20.42 vs. 9.81, p < 0.0001) and closer proximity to a tobacco vendor (Mean = 0.14 vs. 0.36, p < 0.0001) than other substance abuse and addiction treatment centers. State and local tobacco control retailer reduction policies should be considered to reduce the availability of retail tobacco surrounding these facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elexis C Kierstead
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam F Benson
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Haijun Xiao
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Jodie C Briggs
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth C Hair
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donna M Vallone
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Bernadou A, Astrugue C, Méchain M, Le Galliard V, Verdun-Esquer C, Dupuy F, Dina J, Aït-Belghiti F, Antona D, Vandentorren S. Measles outbreak linked to insufficient vaccination coverage in Nouvelle-Aquitaine Region, France, October 2017 to July 2018. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23. [PMID: 30064543 PMCID: PMC6153432 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.30.1800373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
On 30 October 2017, an outbreak of measles started in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine (NA) region in France among Bordeaux University students before spreading to other regions. Until 1 July 2018, 1,101 cases were reported in NA, including 98 complications and two deaths. Cases were related to clusters (e.g. students, healthcare workers) in 16%; 81% of cases were not vaccinated against measles as recommended. Vaccination coverage above herd immunity threshold remains the main preventative outbreak measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bernadou
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.,Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Regional office in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Astrugue
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Regional office in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Julia Dina
- National Reference Center for Measles, Mumps and Rubella, CHU de Caen, Virology Department, Caen, France
| | - Fatima Aït-Belghiti
- Santé publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Infectious Diseases Department, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Denise Antona
- Santé publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Infectious Diseases Department, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Stéphanie Vandentorren
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Regional office in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux, France
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Mselle LT, Kohi TW, Dol J. Humanizing birth in Tanzania: a qualitative study on the (mis) treatment of women during childbirth from the perspective of mothers and fathers. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:231. [PMID: 31277609 PMCID: PMC6612108 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there has been a trend for greater number of women to deliver at health facilities across Tanzania, mothers and their family members continue to face mistreatment with respectful maternity care during childbirth being violated. The objective of this study was to describe the experience of mothers and fathers in relation to (mis) treatment during childbirth in Tanzania. METHODS Using a qualitative descriptive design, 12 semi-structured interviews and four focus group discussions were held with mothers and fathers who were attending a postnatal clinic in the Lake Zone region of Tanzania. Mothers' age ranged from 20 to 45 years whereas fathers' age ranged from 25 to 60 years. Data were analyzed using a priori coding based on Bohren's et al. typology of the mistreatment of women during childbirth. RESULTS Mothers reported facing mistreatment and disrespectful maternity care through verbal abuse (harsh or rude language and judgmental or accusatory comments), failure to meet professional standards of care (refused pain relief, unconsented surgical operations, neglect, abandonment or long delays, and skilled attendant absent at time of delivery), poor rapport between women and providers (poor communication, lack of supportive care, denied husbands presence at birth, denied mobility, denied safe traditional practices, no respect for their preferred birth positions), and health system conditions and constraints (poor physical condition of facilities, supply constraints, bribery and extortion, unclear fee structures). Despite some poor care, some mothers also reported positive birthing experiences and respectful maternity care by having a skilled attendant assistance at delivery, having good communication from nurses, receiving supportive care from nurses and privacy during delivery. CONCLUSION Despite the increasing number of deliveries occurring in the hospital, there continue to be challenges in providing respectful maternity care. Humanizing birth care in Tanzania continues to have a long way to go, however, there is evidence that changes are occurring as mothers notice and report positive changes in delivery care practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian T Mselle
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Thecla W Kohi
- School of Medicine, St. Joseph College of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Justine Dol
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Querido MM, Aguiar L, Neves P, Pereira CC, Teixeira JP. Self-disinfecting surfaces and infection control. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 178:8-21. [PMID: 30822681 PMCID: PMC7127218 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
According to World Health Organization, every year in the European Union, 4 million patients acquire a healthcare associated infection. Even though some microorganisms represent no threat to healthy people, hospitals harbor different levels of immunocompetent individuals, namely patients receiving immunosuppressors, with previous infections, or those with extremes of age (young children and elderly), requiring the implementation of effective control measures. Public spaces have also been found an important source of infectious disease outbreaks due to poor or none infection control measures applied. In both places, surfaces play a major role on microorganisms' propagation, yet they are very often neglected, with very few guidelines about efficient cleaning measures and microbiological assessment available. To overcome surface contamination problems, new strategies are being designed to limit the microorganisms' ability to survive over surfaces and materials. Surface modification and/or functionalization to prevent contamination is a hot-topic of research and several different approaches have been developed lately. Surfaces with anti-adhesive properties, with incorporated antimicrobial substances or modified with biological active metals are some of the strategies recently proposed. This review intends to summarize the problems associated with contaminated surfaces and their importance on infection spreading, and to present some of the strategies developed to prevent this public health problem, namely some already being commercialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Machado Querido
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lívia Aguiar
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Neves
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Costa Pereira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- National Institute of Health, Environmental Health Department, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Weber N, Martinsen AL, Sani A, Assigbley EKE, Azzouz C, Hayter A, Ayite K, Baba AAB, Davi KM, Gelting R. Strengthening Healthcare Facilities Through Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Improvements: A Pilot Evaluation of "WASH FIT" in Togo. Health Secur 2019; 16:S54-S65. [PMID: 30480501 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2018.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services in healthcare facilities are essential to ensure quality health care and to facilitate infection, prevention, and control practices. They are critical to responding to outbreaks and preventing healthcare-associated infections and, therefore, critical to global health security. Many healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income settings have limited WASH services. One tool to address this issue is the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool, or "WASH FIT." WASH FIT is a continuous improvement tool based on key WHO environmental health and infection, prevention, and control standards. While using WASH FIT, internal teams regularly perform self-assessments at their facilities, using up to 65 WASH indicators to develop and implement an improvement plan. The Ministry of Health and Social Protection (MSPS) in Togo, with support from WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), piloted this tool in 3 healthcare facilities. The pilot included facility assessments at 3 time points and in-depth interviews and document review 7 months after initiating WASH FIT. Facilities made improvements without significant external financial or material support. On average, pilot facilities improved from 18% of total indicators meeting standards at baseline to 44% after 7 months. Examples included improved drinking water supply, medical waste segregation, and increased soap at handwashing stations. Participants reported improvements in staff and patient satisfaction, hand hygiene, and occupational safety. Findings suggest that WASH FIT, coupled with training and supervision, may help facilities improve WASH services and practices, thus contributing to global health security. Based on these findings, the Togolese MSPS plans to scale up nationwide. Les services d'eau, d'assainissement, et d'hygiène (WASH) dans les établissements de santé sont essentiels pour assurer des soins de qualité et faciliter les pratiques de prévention et contrôle des infections. Ils sont essentiels pour répondre aux épidémies et prévenir les infections associées aux soins de santé, et donc à la sécurité sanitaire mondiale. De nombreux pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire ont des services WASH limités dans les établissements de soins. Un outil récemment publié pour remédier cette situation est l'outil WASH FIT [Water and Sanitation for Health Facility Improvement Tool] de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) et le Fonds des Nations Unies (UNICEF) pour l'amélioration de l'eau et l'assainissement dans les formations sanitaires. WASH FIT est un outil d'amélioration continue basé sur les normes de l'OMS en matière de santé environnementale et de prévention et contrôle des infections. Lors de l'utilisation de WASH FIT, les équipes internes effectuent régulièrement des auto-évaluations dans leurs installations en utilisant jusqu'à 65 indicateurs pour élaborer et mettre en œuvre leur plan d'amélioration. Le ministère de la Santé et de la Protection Sociale (MSPS) du Togo, avec le soutien de l'OMS et les Centres pour le contrôle et la prévention des maladies (CDC), a fait un pilotage de cet outil dans 3 centres de santé. Ce pilotage comprenait 3 évaluations dans chaque formation sanitaire, des interviews approfondies, et une revue documentaire, 7 mois après l'initiation du WASH FIT. Les formations sanitaires ont réalisé des progrès, sans aide financière ou matérielle extérieure. En moyenne, les formations sanitaires sont passées de 18% des indicateurs atteignant les standards au départ, à 44% après 7 mois. Les exemples incluent l'approvisionnement en eau potable, le tri des déchets médicaux, et le savon aux points de lavage des mains. Les participants ont signalé des améliorations dans la satisfaction du personnel et des patients, l'hygiène des mains, et la sécurité au travail. Les résultats indiquent que WASH FIT, associé à la formation et à la supervision, pourrait être un outil pour aider les formations sanitaires à améliorer les services et pratiques WASH, contribuant ainsi à la sécurité sanitaire mondiale. Sur la base de ces résultats, le MSPS prévoit une extension à l'échelle nationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Weber
- Nicole Weber, MPH, is an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Fellow, Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Center for Global Health, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Andrea L Martinsen
- Andrea L. Martinsen, MPH, and Rick Gelting, PhD, are with the Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Center for Global Health, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Amidou Sani
- Amidou Sani, MSc, the Direction de l'Hygiène et de l'Assainissement de Base (DHAB), Ministère de la Santé et la Protection Sociale (MSPS), Togo
| | - Elom Kokou Eric Assigbley
- Elom Kokou Eric Assigbley, MSc, the Direction de l'Hygiène et de l'Assainissement de Base (DHAB), Ministère de la Santé et la Protection Sociale (MSPS), Togo
| | - Chedly Azzouz
- Chedly Azzouz, MRes, is a consultant, Infection Prevention & Control Global Unit, Service Delivery and Safety, HIS, World Health Organization, Geneva
| | - Arabella Hayter
- Arabella Hayter, MSc, is a consultant, Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Health Department, World Health Organization, Geneva
| | - Komlan Ayite
- Komlan Ayite, the Direction de l'Hygiène et de l'Assainissement de Base (DHAB), Ministère de la Santé et la Protection Sociale (MSPS), Togo
| | - Amivi Afefa Bibiane Baba
- Amivi Afefa Bibiane Baba, MD, is with Direction des Établissements de Soins de de Réadaptation au Ministère de la Santé et de la Protection Sociale (MSPS), Togo
| | - Kokou Mawulé Davi
- Kokou Mawulé Davi, MD, MPH, is with the World Health Organization, Togo
| | - Rick Gelting
- Andrea L. Martinsen, MPH, and Rick Gelting, PhD, are with the Emergency Response and Recovery Branch, Center for Global Health, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
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Kadimo K, Kebaetse MB, Ketshogileng D, Seru LE, Sebina KB, Kovarik C, Balotlegi K. Bring-your-own-device in medical schools and healthcare facilities: A review of the literature. Int J Med Inform 2018; 119:94-102. [PMID: 30342692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enabling personal mobile device use through a bring-your-own device (BYOD) policy can potentially save significant costs for medical schools and healthcare facilities, as they would not always have to acquire facility-owned devices. The BYOD policy is also perceived as a driver for balancing user needs for convenience with institutional needs for security. However, there seems to be a paucity in the literature on BYOD policy development, policy evaluation, and evaluation of mobile device implementation projects. OBJECTIVE This review explored the literature to identify BYOD policy components (issues, interventions, and guidelines) that could potentially inform BYOD policy development and implementation in medical schools and healthcare facilities. METHODS A literature search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Ebscohost (Academic Search Premier, ERIC, CINAHL, and MEDLINE) was conducted using the following search terms and their synonyms: healthcare facilities, mobile devices, BYOD, privacy and confidentiality, and health records. We developed a review matrix to capture the main aspects of each article and coded the matrix for emerging themes. The database and hand search yielded 1 594 articles, 14 of which were deemed as meeting the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Several themes emerging from the analysis include: device management, data security, medical applications, information technology, education and/or curriculum, policy, and guidelines. The guidelines theme seems to provide a direction for BYOD policy development and implementation while the policy theme seems to be the comprehensive solution that synergizes BYOD implementation. CONCLUSION Rather than an approach of 'chasing' issues with interventions, a more feasible approach towards achieving a safe mobile device use environment is through the development of comprehensive BYOD policies that would balance users' need for convenience with organizational security and patient privacy. The paucity in peer-reviewed literature calls for robust research that uses socio-technical approaches to development and evaluation of BYOD policies in medical schools and healthcare facilities.
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Cuadros DF, Sartorius B, Hall C, Akullian A, Bärnighausen T, Tanser F. Capturing the spatial variability of HIV epidemics in South Africa and Tanzania using routine healthcare facility data. Int J Health Geogr 2018; 17:27. [PMID: 29996876 PMCID: PMC6042209 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-018-0146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large geographical variations in the intensity of the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa call for geographically targeted resource allocation where burdens are greatest. However, data available for mapping the geographic variability of HIV prevalence and detecting HIV 'hotspots' is scarce, and population-based surveillance data are not always available. Here, we evaluated the viability of using clinic-based HIV prevalence data to measure the spatial variability of HIV in South Africa and Tanzania. METHODS Population-based and clinic-based HIV data from a small HIV hyper-endemic rural community in South Africa as well as for the country of Tanzania were used to map smoothed HIV prevalence using kernel interpolation techniques. Spatial variables were included in clinic-based models using co-kriging methods to assess whether cofactors improve clinic-based spatial HIV prevalence predictions. Clinic- and population-based smoothed prevalence maps were compared using partial rank correlation coefficients and residual local indicators of spatial autocorrelation. RESULTS Routinely-collected clinic-based data captured most of the geographical heterogeneity described by population-based data but failed to detect some pockets of high prevalence. Analyses indicated that clinic-based data could accurately predict the spatial location of so-called HIV 'hotspots' in > 50% of the high HIV burden areas. CONCLUSION Clinic-based data can be used to accurately map the broad spatial structure of HIV prevalence and to identify most of the areas where the burden of the infection is concentrated (HIV 'hotspots'). Where population-based data are not available, HIV data collected from health facilities may provide a second-best option to generate valid spatial prevalence estimates for geographical targeting and resource allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Cuadros
- Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA. .,Health Geography and Disease Modeling Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA.
| | - Benn Sartorius
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chris Hall
- Geographical Information Systems and Science Program, Kingston University, London, UK
| | - Adam Akullian
- Institute for Disease Modeling, 3150 139th Ave SE, Bellevue, USA
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Heidelberg Institute for Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Frank Tanser
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Kenu E, Ganu V, Noora CL, Adanu R, Lartey M. Management of dog bites by frontline service providers in primary healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, 2014-2015. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:18. [PMID: 29502522 PMCID: PMC5836462 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dog bites are common in developing countries including Ghana, with the victims often being children. Although some breeds of dogs have been identified as being more aggressive than others, all dog bites carry a risk of infection. Immediate and initial assessment of the risk for tetanus and rabies infection with appropriate interventions such as wound management and subsequent selection of prophylactic antibiotics are essential in the management of dog bites. This study examined the management of patients with dog bites by frontline service providers at primary healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 66 public health facilities in the Greater Accra Region from July 2014 to April 2015. Up to four frontline service providers were randomly selected to participate from each facility. A structured questionnaire was administered to all consenting participants. Continuous variables were presented as means and standard deviations. The frontline service providers’ knowledge was assessed as a discrete variable and values obtained presented as percentages and proportions. The chi-square test of proportions was used to determine any significant associations between the various categories of the frontline service providers and their knowledge about the management of rabies. Results Regarding the frontline service providers’ knowledge about rabies, 57.8% (134/232) were correct in that the rabies virus is the causative agent of rabies, 39.2% (91/232) attributed it to a dog bite, 2.6% (6/232) did not know the cause, and one person (0.4%) attributed it to the herpes virus. Only 15.5% (36/232) knew the incubation period in dogs and the period required to observe for signs of a rabies infection. With respect to the administration of rabies immunoglobulin, 42.2% (98/232) of the frontline service providers did not know how to administer it. Of the facilities visited, 76% (50/66) did not have the rabies vaccines and 44% (102/232) of frontline service providers did not know where to get the rabies vaccines from. Most of the service providers (87.9%; 204/232) had never reported either a dog bite or a suspected case of rabies. Overall, there was gross underreporting of dog bites and suspected rabies cases at public healthcare facilities in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Conclusions In view of the high morbidity and mortality associated with bites from rabid dogs and the poor knowledge and practices of frontline service providers, there is an urgent need for capacity-building such as training in the management of dog bites and subsequent potential rabies infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0398-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Kenu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana. .,Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Vincent Ganu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Richard Adanu
- Department of Population Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Margaret Lartey
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
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Shawon MSR, Adhikary G, Ali MW, Shamsuzzaman M, Ahmed S, Alam N, Shackelford KA, Woldeab A, Lim SS, Levine A, Gakidou E, Uddin MJ. General service and child immunization-specific readiness assessment of healthcare facilities in two selected divisions in Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:39. [PMID: 29370842 PMCID: PMC5784675 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-2858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Service readiness of health facilities is an integral part of providing comprehensive quality healthcare to the community. Comprehensive assessment of general and service-specific (i.e. child immunization) readiness will help to identify the bottlenecks in healthcare service delivery and gaps in equitable service provision. Assessing healthcare facilities readiness also helps in optimal policymaking and resource allocation. Methods A health facility survey was conducted between March 2015 and December 2015 in two purposively selected divisions in Bangladesh; i.e. Rajshahi division (high performing) and Sylhet division (low performing). A total of 123 health facilities were randomly selected from different levels of service, both public and private, with variation in sizes and patient loads from the list of facilities. Data on various aspects of healthcare facility were collected by interviewing key personnel. General service and child immunization specific service readiness were assessed using the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) manual developed by World Health Organization (WHO). The analyses were stratified by division and level of healthcare facilities. Results The general service readiness index for pharmacies, community clinics, primary care facilities and higher care facilities were 40.6%, 60.5%, 59.8% and 69.5%, respectively in Rajshahi division and 44.3%, 57.8%, 57.5% and 73.4%, respectively in Sylhet division. Facilities at all levels had the highest scores for basic equipment (ranged between 51.7% and 93.7%) and the lowest scores for diagnostic capacity (ranged between 0.0% and 53.7%). Though facilities with vaccine storage capacity had very high levels of service readiness for child immunization, facilities without vaccine storage capacity lacked availability of many tracer items. Regarding readiness for newly introduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), most of the surveyed facilities reported lack of sufficient funding and resources (antigen) for training programs. Conclusions Our study suggested that health facilities suffered from lack of readiness in various aspects, most notably in diagnostic capacity. Conversely, with very few challenges, nearly all the health facilities designated to provide immunization services were ready to deliver routine childhood immunization services as well as newly introduced PCV and IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shajedur Rahman Shawon
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. .,Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Gourab Adhikary
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Wazed Ali
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamsuzzaman
- Expanded Programme on Immunisation, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shahabuddin Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Nurul Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Katya A Shackelford
- Institute for Health Matrices and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Alexander Woldeab
- Institute for Health Matrices and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Stephen S Lim
- Institute for Health Matrices and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Aubrey Levine
- Institute for Health Matrices and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Emmanuela Gakidou
- Institute for Health Matrices and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Md Jasim Uddin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
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Bonadonna L, Cannarozzi de Grazia M, Capolongo S, Casini B, Cristina ML, Daniele G, D'Alessandro D, De Giglio O, Di Benedetto A, Di Vittorio G, Ferretti E, Frascolla B, La Rosa G, La Sala L, Lopuzzo MG, Lucentini L, Montagna MT, Moscato U, Pasquarella C, Prencipe R, Ricci ML, Romano Spica V, Signorelli C, Veschetti E. Water safety in healthcare facilities. The Vieste Charter. Ann Ig 2017; 29:92-100. [PMID: 28244578 DOI: 10.7416/ai.2017.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Study Group on Hospital Hygiene of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health (GISIO-SItI) and the Local Health Authority of Foggia, Apulia, Italy, after the National Convention "Safe water in healthcare facilities" held in Vieste-Pugnochiuso on 27-28 May 2016, present the "Vieste Charter", drawn up in collaboration with experts from the National Institute of Health and the Ministry of Health. This paper considers the risk factors that may affect the water safety in healthcare facilities and reports the current regulatory frameworks governing the management of installations and the quality of the water. The Authors promote a careful analysis of the risks that characterize the health facilities, for the control of which specific actions are recommended in various areas, including water safety plans; approval of treatments; healthcare facilities responsibility, installation and maintenance of facilities; multidisciplinary approach; education and research; regional and national coordination; communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - B Casini
- Università degli Studi di Pisa, Italy
| | | | - G Daniele
- Autorità d'Ambito A.T.O. 1, Lazio Nord, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - O De Giglio
- Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - G Di Vittorio
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Bari, Italy - Gruppo di lavoro "Acque", Regione Puglia, Italy
| | - E Ferretti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | | | - G La Rosa
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | | | - M G Lopuzzo
- Gruppo di lavoro "Acque", Regione Puglia, Italy
| | | | - M T Montagna
- Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - U Moscato
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Sede di Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - M L Ricci
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
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Huttinger A, Dreibelbis R, Kayigamba F, Ngabo F, Mfura L, Merryweather B, Cardon A, Moe C. Water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure and quality in rural healthcare facilities in Rwanda. BMC Health Serv Res 2017; 17:517. [PMID: 28768518 PMCID: PMC5541640 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-017-2460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background WHO and UNICEF have proposed an action plan to achieve universal water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) coverage in healthcare facilities (HCFs) by 2030. The WASH targets and indicators for HCFs include: an improved water source on the premises accessible to all users, basic sanitation facilities, a hand washing facility with soap and water at all sanitation facilities and patient care areas. To establish viable targets for WASH in HCFs, investigation beyond ‘access’ is needed to address the state of WASH infrastructure and service provision. Patient and caregiver use of WASH services is largely unaddressed in previous studies despite being critical for infection control. Methods The state of WASH services used by staff, patients and caregivers was assessed in 17 rural HCFs in Rwanda. Site selection was non-random and predicated upon piped water and power supply. Direct observation and semi-structured interviews assessed drinking water treatment, presence and condition of sanitation facilities, provision of soap and water, and WASH-related maintenance and record keeping. Samples were collected from water sources and treated drinking water containers and analyzed for total coliforms, E. coli, and chlorine residual. Results Drinking water treatment was reported at 15 of 17 sites. Three of 18 drinking water samples collected met the WHO guideline for free chlorine residual of >0.2 mg/l, 6 of 16 drinking water samples analyzed for total coliforms met the WHO guideline of <1 coliform/100 mL and 15 of 16 drinking water samples analyzed for E. coli met the WHO guideline of <1 E. coli/100 mL. HCF staff reported treating up to 20 L of drinking water per day. At all sites, 60% of water access points (160 of 267) were observed to be functional, 32% of hand washing locations (46 of 142) had water and soap and 44% of sanitary facilities (48 of 109) were in hygienic condition and accessible to patients. Regular maintenance of WASH infrastructure consisted of cleaning; no HCF had on-site capacity for performing repairs. Quarterly evaluations of HCFs for Rwanda’s Performance Based Financing system included WASH indicators. Conclusions All HCFs met national policies for water access, but WHO guidelines for environmental standards including water quality were not fully satisfied. Access to WASH services at the HCFs differed between staff and patients and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Huttinger
- The Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Robert Dreibelbis
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Fidel Ngabo
- The Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health Maternal and Child Health Unit, P.O. Box 84, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Leodomir Mfura
- The Access Project Rwanda, P.O. Box 7393, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Brittney Merryweather
- The Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Amelie Cardon
- The Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Christine Moe
- The Center for Global Safe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene at Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Mutua MM, Achia TNO, Maina BW, Izugbara CO. A cross-sectional analysis of Kenyan postabortion care services using a nationally representative sample. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2017. [PMID: 28631406 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess quality of postabortion care (PAC) offered by Kenyan healthcare facilities. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted using data from the Incidence and Magnitude of Unsafe Abortions study, conducted among 326 PAC-providing healthcare facilities throughout Kenya from March 13 to June 30, 2012. Descriptive results with weighted proportions and an ordered probit model were used. RESULTS Overall, 408 (41.8%) first-trimester PAC cases were treated using appropriate technology versus 826 (82.6%) second-trimester cases. Private healthcare facilities lagged behind public healthcare facilities on the use of appropriate technology: 264 (47.5%) public and 144 (33.1%) private facilities used such technology for first-trimester abortion, and 664 (89.6%) public versus 162 (68.8%) private for second-trimester abortions). Most healthcare facilities (251, 70.7%) had at least one provider trained in PAC. A total of 273 (80.7%) healthcare facilities reported offering contraception to all PAC patients, mainly short-acting methods. Delivery of PAC services depended on the availability of separate evacuation room (public level 2-3: odds ratio [OR] 22.93; public level 4-6: OR 77.14), and the number of family planning methods offered within the facility (public level 2-3: OR 1.38; public level 4-6 OR 1.57; private level 2-3: OR 2.27; private level 4-5: 4.89). CONCLUSION Effective monitoring of PAC services, particularly among private healthcare facilities, might improve overall quality of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Mutua
- Research Division, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya.,School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas N O Achia
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Beatrice W Maina
- Research Division, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chimaraoke O Izugbara
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Asensio Á, Cantero M, Shaw E, Vergara-López S. Control strategies for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae at different levels of the healthcare system. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 32 Suppl 4:61-6. [PMID: 25542054 DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(14)70176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There has been a rapid increase in recent years in the incidence of infection and colonization by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). A number of clusters and outbreaks have been reported, some of which have been contained, providing evidence that these clusters and outbreaks can be managed effectively when the appropriate control measures are implemented. This review outlines strategies recommended to control CPE dissemination both at the healthcare facility level (acute and long-term care) and from the public health point of view. A dedicated prepared plan should be required to prevent the spread of CPE at the hospital level. At the front line, activities should include management of patients at admission and new cases, active surveillance culturing and definition of high-risk groups. High compliance with standard precautions for all patients and full or modified contact precautions for defined categories of patients should be implemented. Long-term care facilities are areas where dissemination can also take place but more importantly they can become a reservoir as patients are admitted and released to other Health care facilities. From the public health point of view, surveillance must be tailored to identify regional spread and interfacility transmission to prevent further dissemination. Finally, a comprehensive set of activities at various levels is necessary to prevent further spread of these bacteria in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Asensio
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Cantero
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evelyn Shaw
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Sharif H, Sughra U, Butt Z. Panoramic View Of Challenges And Opportunities For Primary Healthcare Systems In Pakistan. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2016; 28:550-554. [PMID: 28712233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pakistan has a broad system of primary health care facilities to achieve mission of "Health for all". Over the last seven years health expenditure by government of Pakistan has been increased to attain this goal. This study was conducted with the aim to assess all blocks of service readiness (basic equipment, basic amenities, laboratory capacity, standard precautions and essential medicines) in public-primary health care facilities of tehsil Rawalpindi, Pakistan. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out utilizing two separate structured questionnaires for basic health units and rural health centres. Information was collected from administrative heads along with other staff where required, of all public-primary health care facilities of Tehsil Rawalpindi. Data were analysed by using SPSS version.17. RESULTS A total of 26 health facilities were assessed; only 56% BHUs had a sign board that was available in readable form. BHUs with women medical officer as administrative head constituted 52%. Backup for electricity and toilet were the most neglected areas. Basic amenities, standard precautions and laboratory capacity of Basic Health Units (BHUs) showed a clear deviation from standards and is thus a challenge for Pakistan's Primary Health care (PHC). On the other hand for Rural Health Centres (RHCs), most were on the way to meet expectations. CONCLUSIONS Pakistan's government is undoubtedly putting efforts in order to achieve targets of primary healthcare but it needs better mainstreaming of political, institutional and social commitments with modified standards for PHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Sharif
- Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Department of Public Health, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ume Sughra
- Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Department of Public Health, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Butt
- Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Department of Public Health, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Wiboonchutikul S, Manosuthi W, Likanonsakul S, Sangsajja C, Kongsanan P, Nitiyanontakij R, Thientong V, Lerdsamran H, Puthavathana P. Lack of transmission among healthcare workers in contact with a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Thailand. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2016; 5:21. [PMID: 27222710 PMCID: PMC4877934 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-016-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A hospital-associated outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was reported. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of infection control measures among healthcare workers (HCWs) who were exposed to a MERS patient and/or his body fluids in our institute. Methods A descriptive study was conducted among HCWs who worked with a MERS patient in Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Thailand, between 18 June and 3 July 2015. Contacts were defined as HCWs who worked in the patient’s room or with the patient’s body fluids. Serum samples from all contacts were collected within 14 days of last contact and one month later. Paired sera were tested for detection of MERS‐CoV antibodies by using an indirect ELISA. Results Thirty-eight (88.4 %) of 43 identified contacts consented to enroll. The mean (SD) age was 38.1 (11.1) years, and 79 % were females. The median (IQR) cumulative duration of work of HCWs in the patient’s room was 35 (20–165) minutes. The median (IQR) cumulative duration of work of HCWs with the patient’s blood or body fluids in laboratory was 67.5 (43.7–117.5) minutes. All contacts reported 100 % compliance with hand hygiene, using N95 respirator, performing respirator fit test, wearing gown, gloves, eye protection, and cap during their entire working period. All serum specimens of contacts tested for MERS-CoV antibodies were negative. Conclusions We provide evidence of effective infection control practices against MERS-CoV transmission in a healthcare facility. Strict infection control precautions can protect HCWs. The optimal infection control measures for MERS-CoV should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Wiboonchutikul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
| | - Weerawat Manosuthi
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
| | - Sirirat Likanonsakul
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
| | - Chariya Sangsajja
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
| | - Paweena Kongsanan
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
| | - Ravee Nitiyanontakij
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
| | - Varaporn Thientong
- Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand
| | | | - Pilaipan Puthavathana
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand ; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Abstract
Medical waste is a special category of waste with potential health and environment risks. The present study aimed to explore the current status of medical waste management in western China. Seventy-four healthcare facilities were selected to assess the general status of medical waste management based upon a designed questionnaire survey. The surveyed results showed that the quantities of average medical waste generation were 0.79, 0.59 and 0.61 kg bed(-1) day(-1) in tertiary, secondary and primary hospitals, respectively. The incomplete segregation of domestic and medical waste generated a higher quantity of medical waste in primary hospitals (0.61 kg bed(-1) day(-1)) than that in secondary hospitals. Furthermore, the effective implementation of the medical waste management system depended on national regulations, occupational safety, internal policies and administration and the qualifications and competence of the directors of the waste management department in the healthcare facilities. Therefore, sufficient training programmes and protective measures should be provided by healthcare facilities to all relevant personnel and adequate financial support and effective administrative monitoring should be performed by local authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun Zhang
- People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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