1
|
de Oliveira BEG, Maia FLM, Massimino LC, Garcia CF, Plepis AMDG, Martins VDCA, Reis CHB, Silva VR, Bezerra AA, Pauris CC, Buchaim DV, Silva YBE, Buchaim RL, da Cunha MR. Use of Plant Extracts in Polymeric Scaffolds in the Regeneration of Mandibular Injuries. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:491. [PMID: 38675152 PMCID: PMC11053713 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe loss of bone mass may require grafting, and, among the alternatives available, there are natural biomaterials that can act as scaffolds for the cell growth necessary for tissue regeneration. Collagen and elastin polymers are a good alternative due to their biomimetic properties of bone tissue, and their characteristics can be improved with the addition of polysaccharides such as chitosan and bioactive compounds such as jatoba resin and pomegranate extract due to their antigenic actions. The aim of this experimental protocol was to evaluate bone neoformation in experimentally made defects in the mandible of rats using polymeric scaffolds with plant extracts added. Thirty rats were divided into group 1, with a mandibular defect filled with a clot from the lesion and no graft implant (G1-C, n = 10); group 2, filled with collagen/chitosan/jatoba resin scaffolds (G2-CCJ, n = 10); and group 3, with collagen/nanohydroxyapatite/elastin/pomegranate extract scaffolds (G3-CHER, n = 10). Six weeks after surgery, the animals were euthanized and samples from the surgical areas were submitted to macroscopic, radiological, histological, and morphometric analysis of the mandibular lesion repair process. The results showed no inflammatory infiltrates in the surgical area, indicating good acceptance of the scaffolds in the microenvironment of the host area. In the control group (G1), there was a predominance of reactive connective tissue, while in the grafted groups (G2 and G3), there was bone formation from the margins of the lesion, but it was still insufficient for total bone repair of the defect within the experimental period standardized in this study. The histomorphometric analysis showed that the mean percentage of bone volume formed in the surgical area of groups G1, G2, and G3 was 17.17 ± 2.68, 27.45 ± 1.65, and 34.07 ± 0.64 (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. It can be concluded that these scaffolds with plant extracts added can be a viable alternative for bone repair, as they are easily manipulated, have a low production cost, and stimulate the formation of new bone by osteoconduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lívia Contini Massimino
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (A.M.d.G.P.); (M.R.d.C.)
| | - Claudio Fernandes Garcia
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (C.F.G.); (V.d.C.A.M.)
| | - Ana Maria de Guzzi Plepis
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (A.M.d.G.P.); (M.R.d.C.)
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (C.F.G.); (V.d.C.A.M.)
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Bertoni Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil; (C.H.B.R.); (D.V.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of San Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, Brazil;
| | - Andre Alves Bezerra
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Sector, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (B.E.G.d.O.)
| | - Carolina Chen Pauris
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (C.C.P.); (Y.B.e.S.)
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil; (C.H.B.R.); (D.V.B.)
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
- Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil
| | - Yggor Biloria e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (C.C.P.); (Y.B.e.S.)
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues da Cunha
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (A.M.d.G.P.); (M.R.d.C.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (C.C.P.); (Y.B.e.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wijesinghe A, Senavirathna MDHJ, Fujino T. Egeria densa organic extracts: an eco-friendly approach to suppress Microcystis aeruginosa growth through allelopathy. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2955-2973. [PMID: 38096081 PMCID: wst_2023_387 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrophytes play a significant role in shaping plankton communities by shading, controlling water turbulence, and nutrient availability, while also producing allelochemicals causing varying effects on different organisms. Many researchers have shown that when live macrophytes are present, they inhibit cyanobacteria. However, their widespread use is often limited due to numerous concerns, including invasive characteristics. This study focused on the applicability of Egeria densa extracts to suppress Microcystis aeruginosa. We employed pure water and dimethyl sulfoxide, to obtain compounds from E. densa. The results revealed that E. densa aqueous extracts stimulated M. aeruginosa growth, whereas organic extracts exhibited suppression. Specifically, at low concentrations of organics extracts (0.5 and 1 g/L), after day 4, the growth inhibition was confirmed by significantly higher (p < 0.05) stress levels shown in cells treated with low concentrations. The highest inhibition rate of 32% was observed at 0.5 g/L. However, high concentrations of organic extracts (3 and 6 g/L), showed increased growth compared with control. These results suggest that high concentrations of organic extracts from E. densa potentially suppress allelochemical-induced M. aeruginosa inhibition due to high nutrient availability. In comparison with an aqueous solvent, the use of organic solvent seems to be more effective in efficiently extracting allelochemicals from E. densa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashika Wijesinghe
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan E-mail: ;
| | | | - Takeshi Fujino
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pino-Otín MR, Lorca G, Val J, Ferrando N, Ballestero D, Langa E. Ecotoxicological Study of Tannic Acid on Soil and Water Non-Target Indicators and Its Impact on Fluvial and Edaphic Communities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4041. [PMID: 38068678 PMCID: PMC10708037 DOI: 10.3390/plants12234041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA) is a key tannin extensively used in the leather industry, contributing to around 90% of global leather production. This practice leads to the generation of highly polluting effluents, causing environmental harm to aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, tannins like TA degrade slowly under natural conditions. Despite efforts to reduce pollutant effluents, limited attention has been devoted to the direct environmental impact of tannins. Moreover, TA has garnered increased attention mainly due to its applications as an antibacterial agent and anti-carcinogenic compound. However, our understanding of its ecotoxicological effects remains incomplete. This study addresses this knowledge gap by assessing the ecotoxicity of TA on non-target indicator organisms in both water (Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna) and soil environments (Eisenia foetida, Allium cepa), as well as natural fluvial and edaphic communities, including periphyton. Our findings offer valuable insights into TA's ecotoxicological impact across various trophic levels, underscoring the need for more comprehensive investigations in complex ecosystems. Our results demonstrate that TA exhibits ecotoxicity towards specific non-target aquatic organisms, particularly V. fischeri and D. magna, and phytotoxicity on A. cepa. The severity of these effects varies, with V. fischeri being the most sensitive, followed by D. magna and A. cepa. However, the soil-dwelling invertebrate E. foetida shows resistance to the tested TA concentrations. Furthermore, our research reveals that substantial TA concentrations are required to reduce the growth of river microbial communities. Metabolic changes, particularly in amino acid and amine metabolism, are observed at lower concentrations. Notably, the photosynthetic yield of river periphyton remains unaffected, even at higher concentrations. In contrast, soil microbial communities exhibit greater sensitivity, with significant alterations in population growth and metabolic profiles at a very low concentration of 0.2 mg/L for all metabolites. In summary, this study offers valuable insights into the ecotoxicological effects of TA on both aquatic and terrestrial environments. It underscores the importance of considering a variety of non-target organisms and complex communities when assessing the environmental implications of this compound.
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo LK, Yang L, Cui S, Sun Z, Li XT, Wang YC, Li YC, Ren YX. Positive responses and mechanisms of nitrifying sludge to carbon quantum dots: reactor performance, microbial behavior, and antioxidant defense. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:91095-91107. [PMID: 37468779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Extensive application of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) enlarges its concentration in sewage treatment system. The response of nitrifying sludge to CQDs after long-term exposure was investigated. Results showed that CQD concentrations of 0-100 mg/L presented positive effect to enzymes involved in nitrification, accelerating NH4+-N degradation and NO2--N transformation. The oxidation rate of NO2--N was significantly improved from 3.14 to 7.91 mg/(L h) under the stress of 100 mg/L CQDs. Besides, CQDs stimulated the production of sludge biomass and kept the stability of sludge settleability. Additionally, CQDs were mainly captured by loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances, reducing aromatic-like protein. Microbes alleviated CQD stress by secreting tryptophan-like protein and polysaccharides. After few CQDs entered cells, intracellular antioxidant defense was activated. Total antioxidant capacity level was heightened at least 31%. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were enhanced at relatively low and high CQD concentration levels. Hence, microbial metabolic pathways, microbial community, and nitrifying bacteria were not significantly affected by CQDs. The findings of this work provide new insight for understanding the environmental implication of CQDs in the biological treatment system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Kai Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Shen Cui
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- China Construction Third Bureau Group Co. LTD., Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yu-Cai Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| |
Collapse
|