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Ashraf H, Agrawal P, Singh N, Maheshwari N, Qamar A. Ortho-Vanillin Ameliorates Spinetoram-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Silkworm Bombyx mori: Biochemical and In Silico Insights. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:1102-1118. [PMID: 39141216 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the toxic effects of the insecticide spinetoram on the model organism Bombyx mori (Linnaeus) and explores the potential ameliorative properties of O-Vanillin. Sub-lethal concentrations of spinetoram were given to silkworm larvae via oral feed, resulting in reduced body weight, larval length, and impaired cocoon characteristics. A study of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants revealed oxidative stress in the gut, fat body, and silk gland tissues, characterized by decreased antioxidants and increased lipid peroxidation. However, post-treatment with O-Vanillin effectively mitigated these toxic effects, preserving antioxidant capacities and preventing lipid peroxidation. Additionally, O-Vanillin prevented the loss of body weight and improved cocoon characteristics. At the histological level, spinetoram exposure caused mild histological damage in the gut, fat body, and silk gland. However, O-Vanillin post-treatment had ameliorative effects and mitigated the histological damages. To delve deeper into the mechanism of amelioration of O-Vanillin, in silico studies were used to study the interaction between an important xenobiotic metabolism protein of the Bombyx mori, i.e., Cytochrome p450, specifically CYP9A19, and O-Vanillin. We performed blind molecular docking followed by molecular dynamic simulation, and the results demonstrated stable binding interactions between O-Vanillin and CYP9A19, a cytochrome P450 protein in silkworm, belonging to the subfamily CYP9A, suggesting a potential role for O-vanillin in modulating xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Ashraf
- Section of Entomology, Dept of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Pallavi Agrawal
- Dept of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Section of Entomology, Dept of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | | | - Ayesha Qamar
- Section of Entomology, Dept of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Yu H, Wu M, Li S, Li J, Zou X, Guo Z, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Kong X, Xie W. A Maximum Dose Bioassay to Assess Efficacy of Spinetoram against Cowpea Thrip Megalurothrips usitatus in China. INSECTS 2024; 15:412. [PMID: 38921127 PMCID: PMC11204267 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The bean flower thrip Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) is a severe pest on cowpeas and causes a 20-30% reduction in cowpeas in Hainan, China, with even complete crop failure in severe cases. Spinetoram is currently the most important pesticide against M. usitatus in cowpea production. In the main producing areas of cowpeas in Hainan, however, the efficacy of spinetoram against M. usitatus is not well known. In the present study, we employed the maximum dose bioassay to evaluate the efficacy of the mortality rates of adult thrips at F0 in spinetoram, freshly collected from 212 field populations of M. usitatus collected from 20 villages in the Yazhou District of Hainan. Our results showed that the mortality rates of these thrip populations exposed to spinetoram were from 3.31% to 100%. Among them, the mortality rates of 66.98% (142/212) of the populations exceeded 80%, while that of 33.96% (72/212) of the populations surpassed 90%. Only a small proportion of 0.47% (1/212) the populations exhibited a mortality rate below 10%, and 4.72% (10/212) displayed rates below 50%. Furthermore, significant differences were also observed in the mortality rates of thrips among different villages. Taken together, the maximum dosage bioassay method is a rapid and easily implemented approach providing valuable insights into the field efficacy of insecticides and offers guidance in determining the optimal dosage required in the field. Spinetoram is still effective against M. usitatus in the main producing areas of cowpeas in Hainan, but caution should be exercised in its combined use with other methods to reduce potential resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huailiang Yu
- Tropical Specialty Fruit and Vegetable Research Lab, Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China; (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mingyue Wu
- Tropical Specialty Fruit and Vegetable Research Lab, Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China; (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shaoka Li
- Tropical Specialty Fruit and Vegetable Research Lab, Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China; (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
- Institute of Tropical Fruit Trees, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Jin Li
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China;
| | - Xiang Zou
- Tropical Specialty Fruit and Vegetable Research Lab, Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China; (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhaojiang Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Tropical Specialty Fruit and Vegetable Research Lab, Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572022, China; (H.Y.); (M.W.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.G.); (Q.W.); (Y.Z.)
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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Wakil W, Kavallieratos NG, Eleftheriadou N, Haider SA, Qayyum MA, Tahir M, Rasool KG, Husain M, Aldawood AS. A winning formula: sustainable control of three stored-product insects through paired combinations of entomopathogenic fungus, diatomaceous earth, and lambda-cyhalothrin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:15364-15378. [PMID: 38294649 PMCID: PMC10884107 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of Metarhizium robertsii, diatomaceous earth (Protect-It), and lambda-cyhalothrin, for the long-term protection of stored wheat against three destructive grain insect pests, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, and Trogoderma granarium. Different treatments were applied, both alone and in paired combinations in laboratory and persistence trials. Single treatments exhibited significantly lower mortality rates in comparison to the paired treatments for all tested insect species. Among the single treatments, lambda-cyhalothrin (Lamb) resulted in significantly higher mortality rates in laboratory trials, followed by diatomaceous earth (DE) and M. robertsii (Mr), with insignificant differences between Mr and DE. Evidently, DE exhibited the highest persistence after 120 days of storage for all insect species and initial exposures, although variations in mortality rates among treatments were mostly insignificant. Overall, the most effective treatment in terms of mortality in laboratory, and persistence trials, and progeny production was DE + Lamb, followed by Mr + Lamb, and Mr + DE for all tested insect species. In general, the most susceptible insect species was R. dominica, followed by T. castaneum and T. granarium. This research highlights the effectiveness of M. robertsii, DE, and lambda-cyhalothrin in providing prolonged protection of stored wheat against all the examined grain insect species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Wakil
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikoleta Eleftheriadou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos str, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Syed Adnan Haider
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Abdul Qayyum
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- National Agricultural Research Centre, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Khawaja G Rasool
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mureed Husain
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Aldawood
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Wakil W, Kavallieratos NG, Eleftheriadou N, Yaseen T, Rasool KG, Husain M, Aldawood AS. Natural Warriors against Stored-Grain Pests: The Joint Action of Beauveria bassiana and Steinernema carpocapsae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:835. [PMID: 37623606 PMCID: PMC10455430 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tribolium castaneum, Trogoderma granarium, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Sitophilus oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Cryptolestes ferrugineus are all major pests of stored grains. In this study, the efficiency of single and joint applications of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema carpocapsae at two different doses (50 and 100 IJs cm-2) and the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Beauveria bassiana for the management of the aforementioned pests was estimated. At single treatments, both doses of S. carpocapsae caused higher mortality rates to all six pest species compared to B. bassiana. The combined treatment of EPF and EPN resulted in higher mortality compared to single treatments. Mortality was strongly influenced by the exposure interval and the application dose of the EPN at both single and combined treatments. Maximum mortality was observed for the application of the combined treatment at the high dose of S. carpocapsae and B. bassiana. Among the different insect species tested, the maximum mortality rate was observed for R. dominica (96.62%), followed by S. oryzae (90.48%), T. castaneum (87.23%), C. ferrugineus (76.05%), O. surinamensis (70.74%), and T. granarium (57.71%). The outcomes of this study demonstrate the potential of utilizing specific combinations of EPF and EPN as effective natural enemies against stored-grain pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Wakil
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, D-15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos street, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikoleta Eleftheriadou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos street, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Taha Yaseen
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Khawaja G. Rasool
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.R.); (M.H.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Mureed Husain
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.R.); (M.H.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman S. Aldawood
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.R.); (M.H.); (A.S.A.)
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Wakil W, Kavallieratos NG, Eleftheriadou N, Sami Ullah M, Naeem A, Rasool KG, Husain M, Aldawood AS. Treatment of Four Stored-Grain Pests with Thiamethoxam plus Chlorantraniliprole: Enhanced Impact on Different Types of Grain Commodities and Surfaces. INSECTS 2023; 14:619. [PMID: 37504625 PMCID: PMC10380574 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
An insecticide containing the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam + the diamide chlorantraniliprole was evaluated against adults of Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, Trogoderma granarium, and Sitophilus oryzae under laboratory bioassays both on freshly treated grain as well as on treated grain stored over 90 days for its persistence in efficacy. In laboratory bioassays, the insecticide was applied on wheat, maize, or rice at four doses, while in persistence bioassays on wheat at the same doses. Mortality and progeny were assessed in both laboratory and persistence bioassays. After 14 days of exposure, S. oryzae exhibited 100% mortality on all three commodities at the highest dose, while R. dominica showed complete mortality on wheat or rice and T. castaneum on wheat. For a period of 90 days, S. oryzae exhibited 42.69% mortality, followed by R. dominica (35.26%), T. castaneum (27.08%), and T. granarium (18.63%) at the highest dose. Progeny was successfully suppressed in all cases of complete mortality in laboratory bioassays and for S. oryzae for 90 days in persistence bioassays. Laboratory trials were also performed on plywood, concrete, ceramic tile, and steel at one dose. The highest mortality was observed on steel, followed by concrete, ceramic tile, and plywood for all insect species tested. This study demonstrates that thiamethoxam + chlorantraniliprole is effective against the tested species depending on exposure, storage period, surface, commodity, and dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Wakil
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, D-15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Nickolas G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Eleftheriadou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Muhammad Sami Ullah
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Naeem
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Khawaja G Rasool
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mureed Husain
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Aldawood
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Wakil W, Kavallieratos NG, Eleftheriadou N, Riasat T, Ghazanfar MU, Rasool KG, Husain M, Aldawood AS. The Potential of Two Entomopathogenic Fungi and Enhanced Diatomaceous Earth Mixed with Abamectin: A Comprehensive Study on Mortality, Progeny Production, Application Method, and Surface Application against Tribolium castaneum. Pathogens 2023; 12:773. [PMID: 37375463 PMCID: PMC10304705 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Bals. -Criv.) Vuill., Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin, and diatomaceous earth mixed with abamectin (DEA) alone and in their combinations for the integrated management of larvae and adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) from three field populations of Pakistan (Multan, Rawalpindi, and Rahim Yar Khan) and one laboratory population (Faisalabad). Treatments were applied on three surfaces, namely, viz. steel, concrete, and jute bags, implementing two application methods, dusting and spraying. The combined treatments were more effective in comparison with single treatments for both larvae and adults. Overall, the highest mortality rates were recorded in the Faisalabad population, followed by the Rehaim Yar Khan, Rawalpindi, and Multan populations. Progeny production was suspended 21 days after exposure to the combined treatment of DEA and both fungi in all populations except Rawalpindi. Larvae were found to be more susceptible than adults in all treatments and intervals. Dusting was more efficient than spraying for both larvae and adults and for all the populations studied. The present study provides a wholistic understanding of the impact of different factors on the success of the combined treatments using DEA and entomopathogenic fungi, supporting their use as surface treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Wakil
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, D-15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Nickolas G. Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikoleta Eleftheriadou
- Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Str., 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Tahira Riasat
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Sargodha University, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Khawaja G. Rasool
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.R.); (M.H.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Mureed Husain
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.R.); (M.H.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Abdulrahman S. Aldawood
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.G.R.); (M.H.); (A.S.A.)
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Mantzoukas S, Lagogiannis I, Kitsiou F, Eliopoulos PA. Entomopathogenic Action of Wild Fungal Strains against Stored Product Beetle Pests. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14010091. [PMID: 36662019 PMCID: PMC9862338 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is ample evidence that entomopathogenic fungi can be used as alternative biological control agents for the management of insect pests in storage facilities. As the market demands more environmentally friendly methods and chemical insecticides become increasingly obsolete, more studies are being conducted to evaluate new strains of entomopathogenic fungi for their efficacy in storage facilities. In this context, we tested ten species of fungi isolated from soil, belonging to the genera Cladosporium, Condenascus, Lecanicillium, and Penicillium, for their long-term effects on economically important beetle species. Whole wheat was directly sprayed with a conidial suspension of 108 spores/Ml of each of the tested fungi and then adults of Sitophilus granarius, S. oryzae, S. zeamais, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Trogoderma granarium were placed on the sprayed medium to study the mortality effects. Significantly higher mortality than the control was observed in all treatments. The lowest LT50 (9.164 days) was observed in T. granarium infected with Penicillium goetzii. The isolate with the strongest results was L. dimorphum, which recorded remarkably low LT50 values in S. oryzae (~11 days), R. dominica (~12 days), T. granarium (~10 days), and S. granarius (~13 days). However, for S. zeamais, it was more than 16 days. Our results confirm the existing literature on the efficacy of EPF on storage beetles, suggest the possible virulence of wild untested strains, and also highlight the importance of EPF specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridon Mantzoukas
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Arta Campus, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Foteini Kitsiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Health Management, Department of Agrotechnology, University of Thessaly, Geopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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