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Chen H, Müller H, Rodovitis VG, Papadopoulos NT, Carey JR. Daily activity profiles over the lifespan of female medflies as biomarkers of aging and longevity. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14080. [PMID: 38268242 PMCID: PMC11019124 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the early-age activity of Mediterranean fruit flies (medflies) or other fruit flies and their lifespan has not been much studied, in contrast to the connections between lifespan and diet, sexual signaling, and reproduction. The objective of this study is to assess intra-day and day-to-day activity profiles of female Mediterranean fruit flies and their role as biomarker of longevity as well as to explore the relationships between these activity profiles, diet, and age-at-death throughout the lifespan. We use advanced statistical methods from functional data analysis (FDA). Three distinct patterns of activity variations in early-age activity profiles can be distinguished. A low-caloric diet is associated with a delayed activity peak, while a high-caloric diet is linked with an earlier activity peak. We find that age-at-death of individual medflies is connected to their activity profiles in early life. An increased risk of mortality is associated with increased activity in early age, as well as with a higher contrast between daytime and nighttime activity. Conversely, medflies are more likely to have a longer lifespan when they are fed a medium-caloric diet and when their daily activity is more evenly distributed across the early-age span and between daytime and nighttime. The before-death activity profile of medflies displays two characteristic before-death patterns, where one pattern is characterized by slowly declining daily activity and the other by a sudden decline in activity that is followed by death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of California at DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hans‐Georg Müller
- Department of StatisticsUniversity of California at DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Vasilis G. Rodovitis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural EnvironmentUniversity of ThessalyVolosGreece
| | - Nikos T. Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural EnvironmentUniversity of ThessalyVolosGreece
| | - James R. Carey
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of California at DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Limberger GM, Esteves KP, Halal LM, Nery LEM, da Fonseca DB. Chronic immune challenge is detrimental to female survival, feeding behavior, and reproduction in the field cricket Gryllus assimilis (Fabricius, 1775). J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:423-434. [PMID: 35195757 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Physiological trade-offs among expensive fitness-related traits, such as reproduction and immunity, are common in life histories of animals. An immune challenge can have different effects on female reproduction mediated by resource allocation and acquisition. In this study, employing a widely used method to challenge the insect immune system (nylon implant), we assessed the effects of mounting a chronic immune response simulating three successive immune assaults on survival and reproduction of mated females of Gryllus assimilis. We also verified feeding behavior following an implantation, which can be important in explaining trade-off dynamics in terms of energy acquisition. For this, three experimental groups were designed (Control, Sham, and Implant) with oviposition rates, egg morphometry, and nymph vigour observed over 3 weeks, at which ovarian mass and unlaid eggs were quantified from remaining individuals. The results showed that chronic implants were detrimental to female survival and reproduction throughout the experiments; Surgical Sham had no effect on survival compared to the control, but did on reproductive aspects such as oviposition rates and hatchling vigour. These negative effects on reproduction in Sham disappeared in the last experimental week, but still strong in the implanted females. Such immune challenge affected the feeding behavior of implanted females by reducing food consumption compared to control after infection, which is probably explained by illness-induced anorexia that takes place to maximize the immune system performance as a part of sickness behavior, exacerbating the adverse effects observed on reproduction (i.e., fewer and smaller eggs, and low vigour of nymphs) and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Martins Limberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil.
| | | | - Lamia Marques Halal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Maia Nery
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-001, Brazil
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3
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Pak HH, Haws SA, Green CL, Koller M, Lavarias MT, Richardson NE, Yang SE, Dumas SN, Sonsalla M, Bray L, Johnson M, Barnes S, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J, Yen CLE, Denu JM, Lamming DW. Fasting drives the metabolic, molecular and geroprotective effects of a calorie-restricted diet in mice. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1327-1341. [PMID: 34663973 PMCID: PMC8544824 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00466-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) promotes healthy ageing in diverse species. Recently, it has been shown that fasting for a portion of each day has metabolic benefits and promotes lifespan. These findings complicate the interpretation of rodent CR studies, in which animals typically eat only once per day and rapidly consume their food, which collaterally imposes fasting. Here we show that a prolonged fast is necessary for key metabolic, molecular and geroprotective effects of a CR diet. Using a series of feeding regimens, we dissect the effects of calories and fasting, and proceed to demonstrate that fasting alone recapitulates many of the physiological and molecular effects of CR. Our results shed new light on how both when and how much we eat regulate metabolic health and longevity, and demonstrate that daily prolonged fasting, and not solely reduced caloric intake, is likely responsible for the metabolic and geroprotective benefits of a CR diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi H Pak
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Spencer A Haws
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mikaela Koller
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mitchell T Lavarias
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicole E Richardson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shany E Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sabrina N Dumas
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michelle Sonsalla
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lindsey Bray
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michelle Johnson
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chi-Liang Eric Yen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John M Denu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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4
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Okamoto N, Nagao F, Umebayashi Y, Bito T, Prangthip P, Watanabe F. Pseudovitamin B 12 and factor S are the predominant corrinoid compounds in edible cricket products. Food Chem 2021; 347:129048. [PMID: 33493835 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the vitamin B12 content of commercially-available edible insect products using a bioassay based on Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 7830. Although the vitamin content of giant water bug, bee larva, grasshopper, and weaver ant products was low, we found that diving beetle and cricket products contained relatively high amounts of vitamin B12 (approximately 89.5 and 65.8 µg/100 g dry weight, respectively). In the cricket products most widely circulated as foods, specific corrinoid (vitamin B12) compounds were extracted and identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Despite the bioassay detecting high vitamin B12 content (approximately 50-75 µg/100 g dry weight) in these cricket products, UPLC-MS/MS analysis indicated that pseudovitamin B12 and 2-methylmercaptoadenyl cobamide (also known as factor S) were actually the predominant corrinoid compounds (~74% and ~21%, respectively), with authentic vitamin B12 making up only 5% of total corrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naho Okamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Fumi Nagao
- Department of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Bito
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; Department of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Pattaneeya Prangthip
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; Department of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
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5
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Gutiérrez Y, Fresch M, Ott D, Brockmeyer J, Scherber C. Diet composition and social environment determine food consumption, phenotype and fecundity in an omnivorous insect. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200100. [PMID: 32431901 PMCID: PMC7211883 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is the single most important factor for individual's growth and reproduction. Consequently, the inability to reach the nutritional optimum imposes severe consequences for animal fitness. Yet, under natural conditions, organisms may face a mixture of stressors that can modulate the effects of nutritional asymmetry. For instance, stressful environments caused by intense interaction with conspecifics. Here, we subjected the house cricket Acheta domesticus to (i) either of two types of diet that have proved to affect cricket performance and (ii) simultaneously manipulated their social environment throughout their complete life cycle. We aimed to track sex-specific consequences for multiple traits during insect development throughout all life stages. Both factors affected critical life-history traits with potential population-level consequences: diet composition induced strong effects on insect development time, lifespan and fitness, while the social environment affected the number of nymphs that completed development, food consumption and whole-body lipid content. Additionally, both factors interactively determined female body mass. Our results highlight that insects may acquire and invest resources in a different manner when subjected to an intense interaction with conspecifics or when isolated. Furthermore, while only diet composition affected individual reproductive output, the social environment would determine the number of reproductive females, thus indirectly influencing population performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeisson Gutiérrez
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marion Fresch
- Institute for Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David Ott
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Institute for Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Scherber
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Scholnick DA, Winslow AE. The role of fasting on spine regeneration and bacteremia in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228711. [PMID: 32053660 PMCID: PMC7018041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting has been shown to increase longevity and alter immune function in a variety of animals, but little is understood about how reduced caloric intake may impact regeneration and infections in animals that must regularly repair and regenerate tissue in marine environments that contain high levels of bacteria. We examined the possibility that fasting could enhance spine regeneration and reduce bacteremia in the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. A small number of spines were removed from urchins and rates of spine regrowth and levels of culturable bacteria from the coelomic fluid were measured for 21 days in fed and fasted urchins. Fasted urchins had higher rates of spine regrowth and lower levels of colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter of coeolomic fluid. The predominant bacteria in the coelomic fluid was isolated and identified by DNA sequence-based methods as Vibrio cyclitrophicus. After 21 days, fasted and fed urchins were injected with V. cyclitrophicus. Two hours after injection, fed urchins had about 25% more culturable bacteria remaining in their coelomic fluid compared to fasted urchins. We found no evidence that fasting altered coelomic fluid cell number or righting response, indicators of physiologic and behavioral stress in urchins. Our results demonstrate that V. cyclitrophicus is present in purple urchin coelomic fluid, that fasting can increase spine regeneration and that fasted urchins have much lower levels of culturable bacteria in their coelomic fluid than fed urchins. Overall, our data suggests that fasting may ultimately reduce bacteremia and infection in injured or damaged urchins.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Scholnick
- Department of Biology, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandra E. Winslow
- Department of Biology, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon, United States of America
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7
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Jaumann S, Snell-Rood EC. Adult nutritional stress decreases oviposition choosiness and fecundity in female butterflies. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jaumann
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, NW, Suite, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emilie C Snell-Rood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
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8
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Shephard AM, Aksenov V, Tran J, Nelson CJ, Boreham DR, Rollo CD. Hormetic Effects of Early Juvenile Radiation Exposure on Adult Reproduction and Offspring Performance in the Cricket ( Acheta domesticus). Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818797499. [PMID: 30210269 PMCID: PMC6130088 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818797499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation can have positive impacts on biological performance—a concept known as hormesis. Although radiation hormesis is well-documented, the predominant focus has been medical. In comparison, little research has examined potential effects of early life radiation stress on organismal investment in life history traits that closely influence evolutionary fitness (eg, patterns of growth, survival, and reproduction). Evaluating the fitness consequences of radiation stress is important, given that low-level radiation pollution from anthropogenic sources is considered a major threat to natural ecosystems. Using the cricket (Acheta domesticus), we tested a wide range of doses to assess whether a single juvenile exposure to radiation could induce hormetic benefits on lifetime fitness measures. Consistent with hormesis, we found that low-dose juvenile radiation positively impacted female fecundity, offspring size, and offspring performance. Remarkably, even a single low dose of radiation in early juvenile development can elicit a range of positive fitness effects emerging over the life span and even into the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Shephard
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Vadim Aksenov
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Tran
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Connor J Nelson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Moschilla JA, Tomkins JL, Simmons LW. State-dependent changes in risk-taking behaviour as a result of age and residual reproductive value. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Ng SH, Stat M, Bunce M, Simmons LW. The influence of diet and environment on the gut microbial community of field crickets. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4704-4720. [PMID: 29760910 PMCID: PMC5938447 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which diet and environment influence gut community membership (presence or absence of taxa) and structure (individual taxon abundance) is the subject of growing interest in microbiome research. Here, we examined the gut bacterial communities of three cricket groups: (1) wild caught field crickets, (2) laboratory-reared crickets fed cat chow, and (3) laboratory-reared crickets fed chemically defined diets. We found that both environment and diet greatly altered the structure of the gut bacterial community. Wild crickets had greater gut microbial diversity and higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratios, in contrast to laboratory-reared crickets. Predictive metagenomes revealed that laboratory-reared crickets were significantly enriched in amino acid degradation pathways, while wild crickets had a higher relative abundance of peptidases that would aid in amino acid release. Although wild and laboratory animals differ greatly in their bacterial communities, we show that the community proportional membership remains stable from Phylum to Family taxonomic levels regardless of differences in environment and diet, suggesting that endogenous factors, such as host genetics, have greater control in shaping gut community membership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Hwee Ng
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Australia
| | - Michael Stat
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney Australia.,Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Perth Australia
| | - Michael Bunce
- Trace and Environmental DNA (TrEnD) Laboratory Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Perth Australia
| | - Leigh W Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Australia
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11
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Córdoba-Aguilar A, Nava-Sánchez A, González-Tokman DM, Munguía-Steyer R, Gutiérrez-Cabrera AE. Immune Priming, Fat Reserves, Muscle Mass and Body Weight of the House Cricket is Affected by Diet Composition. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:404-410. [PMID: 27037705 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some insect species are capable of producing an enhanced immune response after a first pathogenic encounter, a process called immune priming. However, whether and how such ability is driven by particular diet components (protein/carbohydrate) have not been explored. Such questions are sound given that, in general, immune response is dietary dependent. We have used adults of the house cricket Acheta domesticus L. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and exposed them to the bacteria Serratia marcescens. We first addressed whether survival rate after priming and nonpriming treatments is dietary dependent based on access/no access to proteins and carbohydrates. Second, we investigated how these dietary components affected fat reserves, muscle mass, and body weight, three key traits in insect fitness. Thus, we exposed adult house crickets to either a protein or a carbohydrate diet and measured the three traits. After being provided with protein, primed animals survived longer compared to the other diet treatments. Interestingly, this effect was also sex dependent with primed males having a higher survival than primed females when protein was supplemented. For the second experiment, protein-fed animals had more fat, muscle mass, and body weight than carbohydrate-fed animals. Although we are not aware of the immune component underlying immune priming, our results suggest that its energetic demand for its functioning and/or consequent survival requires a higher demand of protein with respect to carbohydrate. Thus, protein shortage can impair key survival-related traits related to immune and energetic condition. Further studies varying nutrient ratios should verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Córdoba-Aguilar
- Depto de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Univ Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
| | - A Nava-Sánchez
- Depto de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Univ Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - D M González-Tokman
- Depto de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Univ Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
- CONACyT Research Fellow, Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - R Munguía-Steyer
- Unidad de Morfología y Función, Fac de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Univ Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - A E Gutiérrez-Cabrera
- CONACyT Research Fellow, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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12
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Understanding the link between sexual selection, sexual conflict and aging using crickets as a model. Exp Gerontol 2015; 71:4-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Lundy ME, Parrella MP. Crickets are not a free lunch: protein capture from scalable organic side-streams via high-density populations of Acheta domesticus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118785. [PMID: 25875026 PMCID: PMC4398359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the ecological impact of crickets as a source of dietary protein is less than conventional forms of livestock due to their comparatively efficient feed conversion and ability to consume organic side-streams. This study measured the biomass output and feed conversion ratios of house crickets (Acheta domesticus) reared on diets that varied in quality, ranging from grain-based to highly cellulosic diets. The measurements were made at a much greater population scale and density than any previously reported in the scientific literature. The biomass accumulation was strongly influenced by the quality of the diet (p<0.001), with the nitrogen (N) content, the ratio of N to acid detergent fiber (ADF) content, and the crude fat (CF) content (y=N/ADF+CF) explaining most of the variability between feed treatments (p = 0.02; R2 = 0.96). In addition, for populations of crickets that were able to survive to a harvestable size, the feed conversion ratios measured were higher (less efficient) than those reported from studies conducted at smaller scales and lower population densities. Compared to the industrial-scale production of chickens, crickets fed a poultry feed diet showed little improvement in protein conversion efficiency, a key metric in determining the ecological footprint of grain-based livestock protein. Crickets fed the solid filtrate from food waste processed at an industrial scale via enzymatic digestion were able to reach a harvestable size and achieve feed and protein efficiencies similar to that of chickens. However, crickets fed minimally-processed, municipal-scale food waste and diets composed largely of straw experienced >99% mortality without reaching a harvestable size. Therefore, the potential for A. domesticus to sustainably supplement the global protein supply, beyond what is currently produced via grain-fed chickens, will depend on capturing regionally scalable organic side-streams of relatively high-quality that are not currently being used for livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Lundy
- University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Colusa, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael P. Parrella
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
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14
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Senior AM, Charleston MA, Lihoreau M, Buhl C, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ. Evolving nutritional strategies in the presence of competition: a geometric agent-based model. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004111. [PMID: 25815976 PMCID: PMC4376532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to nutrients is a key factor governing development, reproduction and ultimately fitness. Within social groups, contest-competition can fundamentally affect nutrient access, potentially leading to reproductive asymmetry among individuals. Previously, agent-based models have been combined with the Geometric Framework of nutrition to provide insight into how nutrition and social interactions affect one another. Here, we expand this modelling approach by incorporating evolutionary algorithms to explore how contest-competition over nutrient acquisition might affect the evolution of animal nutritional strategies. Specifically, we model tolerance of nutrient excesses and deficits when ingesting nutritionally imbalanced foods, which we term 'nutritional latitude'; a higher degree of nutritional latitude constitutes a higher tolerance of nutritional excess and deficit. Our results indicate that a transition between two alternative strategies occurs at moderate to high levels of competition. When competition is low, individuals display a low level of nutritional latitude and regularly switch foods in search of an optimum. When food is scarce and contest-competition is intense, high nutritional latitude appears optimal, and individuals continue to consume an imbalanced food for longer periods before attempting to switch to an alternative. However, the relative balance of nutrients within available foods also strongly influences at what levels of competition, if any, transitions between these two strategies occur. Our models imply that competition combined with reproductive skew in social groups can play a role in the evolution of diet breadth. We discuss how the integration of agent-based, nutritional and evolutionary modelling may be applied in future studies to further understand the evolution of nutritional strategies across social and ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair M. Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael A. Charleston
- School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mathieu Lihoreau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Buhl
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Hans H, Lone A, Aksenov V, Rollo CD. Impacts of metformin and aspirin on life history features and longevity of crickets: trade-offs versus cost-free life extension? AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:31. [PMID: 25833406 PMCID: PMC4382469 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
We examined the impacts of aspirin and metformin on the life history of the cricket Acheta domesticus (growth rate, maturation time, mature body size, survivorship, and maximal longevity). Both drugs significantly increased survivorship and maximal life span. Maximal longevity was 136 days for controls, 188 days (138 % of controls) for metformin, and 194 days (143 % of controls) for aspirin. Metformin and aspirin in combination extended longevity to a lesser degree (163 days, 120 % of controls). Increases in general survivorship were even more pronounced, with low-dose aspirin yielding mean longevity 234 % of controls (i.e., health span). Metformin strongly reduced growth rates of both genders (<60 % of controls), whereas aspirin only slightly reduced the growth rate of females and slightly increased that of males. Both drugs delayed maturation age relative to controls, but metformin had a much greater impact (>140 % of controls) than aspirin (~118 % of controls). Crickets maturing on low aspirin showed no evidence of a trade-off between maturation mass and life extension. Remarkably, by 100 days of age, aspirin-treated females were significantly larger than controls (largely reflecting egg complement). Unlike the reigning dietary restriction paradigm, low aspirin conformed to a paradigm of "eat more, live longer." In contrast, metformin-treated females were only ~67 % of the mass of controls. Our results suggest that hormetic agents like metformin may derive significant trade-offs with life extension, whereas health and longevity benefits may be obtained with less cost by agents like aspirin that regulate geroprotective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvir Hans
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Asad Lone
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Vadim Aksenov
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - C. David Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
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16
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Stahlschmidt ZR, Adamo SA. Food‐limited mothers favour offspring quality over offspring number: a principal components approach. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Stahlschmidt
- Georgia Southern University Statesboro Georgia30460 USA
- Dalhousie University Halifax Nova ScotiaB3H 4R2 Canada
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17
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Kelly CD, Neyer AA, Gress BE. Sex-specific life history responses to nymphal diet quality and immune status in a field cricket. J Evol Biol 2013; 27:381-90. [PMID: 24372962 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Individual fitness is expected to benefit from earlier maturation at a larger body size and higher body condition. However, poor nutritional quality or high prevalence of disease make this difficult because individuals either cannot acquire sufficient resources or must divert resources to other fitness-related traits such as immunity. Under such conditions, individuals are expected to mature later at a smaller body size and in poorer body condition. Moreover, the juvenile environment can also produce longer-term effects on adult fitness by causing shifts in resource allocation strategies that could alter investment in immune function and affect adult lifespan. We manipulated diet quality and immune status of juvenile Texas field crickets, Gryllus texensis, to investigate how poor developmental conditions affect sex-specific investment in fitness-related traits. As predicted, a poor juvenile diet was related to smaller mass and body size at eclosion in both sexes. However, our results also reveal sexually dimorphic responses to different facets of the rearing environment: female life history decisions are affected more by diet quality, whereas males are affected more by immune status. We suggest that females respond to decreased nutritional income because this threatens their ability to achieve a large adult body size, whereas male fitness is more dependent on reaching adulthood and so they invest in immunity and survival to eclosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Kelly
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Chen EH, Wei D, Wei DD, Yuan GR, Wang JJ. The effect of dietary restriction on longevity, fecundity, and antioxidant responses in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:1008-1016. [PMID: 23911350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in fruit flies have imposed dietary restriction (DR) by diluting yeast and have reported increased lifespan as the yeast-to-sugar ratio decreased. In this study, the effects of DR on the lifespan of Bactrocera dorsalis were investigated using constant-feeding diets with different yeast:sugar ratios and an intermittent-feeding diet in which flies ate every sixth day. Antioxidant enzyme activities and the malondialdehyde concentration were also measured in virgin females under constant-feeding DR protocols to investigate their relationships with lifespan. The results showed that B. dorsalis lifespan was significantly extended by DR, and carbohydrate-enriched diet may be important for lifespan-extension. Female flies lived significantly longer than males at all dietary levels under both feeding regimes, indicating no interaction between diet and sex in determining lifespan. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased with the amount of yeast increased in the diets (0-4.76%) between starvation and DR treatments, indicating that the antioxidants may have influences in determining lifespan in B. dorsalis under starvation and DR treatments. However, antioxidants cannot keep up with increased oxidative damage induced by the high yeast diet (25%). These results revealed that the extension of lifespan by DR is evolutionarily conserved in B. dorsalis and that yeast:sugar ratios significantly modulate lifespan in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Hu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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19
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Life History Features and Aging Rates: Insights from Intra-specific Patterns in the Cricket Acheta domesticus. Evol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-012-9160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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