1
|
Li X, Hager M, McPherson M, Lee M, Hagalwadi R, Skinner ME, Lombard D, Miller RA. Recapitulation of anti-aging phenotypes by global, but not by muscle-specific, deletion of PAPP-A in mice. GeroScience 2022; 45:931-948. [PMID: 36542300 PMCID: PMC9886707 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), a protease that cleaves some but not all IGF1 binding proteins, postpones late-life diseases and extends lifespan in mice, but the mechanism of this effect is unknown. Here we show that PAPP-A knockout (PKO) mice display a set of changes, in multiple tissues, that are characteristic of other varieties of slow-aging mice with alterations in GH production or GH responsiveness, including Ames dwarf, Snell dwarf, and GHRKO mice. PKO mice have elevated UCP1 in brown and white adipose tissues (WAT), and a change in fat-associated macrophage subsets that leads to diminished production of inflammatory cytokines. PKO mice also show increased levels of muscle FNDC5 and its cleavage product, the myokine irisin, thought to cause changes in fat cell differentiation. PKO mice have elevated production of hepatic GPLD1 and plasma GPLD1, consistent with their elevation of hippocampal BDNF and DCX, used as indices of neurogenesis. In contrast, disruption of PAPP-A limited to muscle ("muPKO" mice) produces an unexpectedly complex set of changes, in most cases opposite in direction from those seen in PKO mice. These include declines in WAT UCP1, increases in inflammatory macrophages and cytokines in WAT, and a decline in muscle FNDC5 and plasma irisin. muPKO mice do, however, resemble global PKO mice in their elevation of hippocampal BDNF and DCX. The data for the PKO mice support the idea that these changes in fat, macrophages, liver, muscle, plasma, and brain are consistent and biologically significant features of the slow-aging phenotype in mice. The results on the muPKO mice provide a foundation for further investigation of the complex, local, and global circuits by which PAPP-A modulates signals ordinarily controlled by GH and/or IGF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- , Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Mary Hager
- College of Literature, Sciences, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Madaline McPherson
- College of Literature, Sciences, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- College of Literature, Sciences, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Riha Hagalwadi
- College of Literature, Sciences, & the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mary E Skinner
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David Lombard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cox MF, Hascup ER, Bartke A, Hascup KN. Friend or Foe? Defining the Role of Glutamate in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:929474. [PMID: 35821835 PMCID: PMC9261322 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.929474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a naturally occurring decline of physiological processes and biological pathways that affects both the structural and functional integrity of the body and brain. These physiological changes reduce motor skills, executive function, memory recall, and processing speeds. Aging is also a major risk factor for multiple neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Identifying a biomarker, or biomarkers, that signals the transition from physiological to pathological aging would aid in earlier therapeutic options or interventional strategies. Considering the importance of glutamate signaling in synaptic plasticity, motor movement, and cognition, this neurotransmitter serves as a juncture between cognitive health and disease. This article discusses glutamatergic signaling during physiological aging and the pathological changes observed in AD patients. Findings from studies in mouse models of successful aging and AD are reviewed and provide a biological context for this transition. Finally, current techniques to monitor brain glutamate are highlighted. These techniques may aid in elucidating time-point specific therapeutic windows to modify disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MaKayla F. Cox
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Erin R. Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Kevin N. Hascup
- Dale and Deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Kevin N. Hascup,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Changes in Hippocampal Plasticity in Depression and Therapeutic Approaches Influencing These Changes. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8861903. [PMID: 33293948 PMCID: PMC7718046 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common neurological disease that seriously affects human health. There are many hypotheses about the pathogenesis of depression, and the most widely recognized and applied is the monoamine hypothesis. However, no hypothesis can fully explain the pathogenesis of depression. At present, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurogenesis hypotheses have highlighted the important role of plasticity in depression. The plasticity of neurons and glial cells plays a vital role in the transmission and integration of signals in the central nervous system. Plasticity is the adaptive change in the nervous system in response to changes in external signals. The hippocampus is an important anatomical area associated with depression. Studies have shown that some antidepressants can treat depression by changing the plasticity of the hippocampus. Furthermore, caloric restriction has also been shown to affect antidepressant and hippocampal plasticity changes. In this review, we summarize the latest research, focusing on changes in the plasticity of hippocampal neurons and glial cells in depression and the role of BDNF in the changes in hippocampal plasticity in depression, as well as caloric restriction and mitochondrial plasticity. This review may contribute to the development of antidepressant drugs and elucidating the mechanism of depression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Buffenstein R, Lewis KN, Gibney PA, Narayan V, Grimes KM, Smith M, Lin TD, Brown-Borg HM. Probing Pedomorphy and Prolonged Lifespan in Naked Mole-Rats and Dwarf Mice. Physiology (Bethesda) 2020; 35:96-111. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00032.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pedomorphy, maintenance of juvenile traits throughout life, is most pronounced in extraordinarily long-lived naked mole-rats. Many of these traits (e.g., slow growth rates, low hormone levels, and delayed sexual maturity) are shared with spontaneously mutated, long-lived dwarf mice. Although some youthful traits likely evolved as adaptations to subterranean habitats (e.g., thermolability), the nature of these intrinsic pedomorphic features may also contribute to their prolonged youthfulness, longevity, and healthspan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick A. Gibney
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Vikram Narayan
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Kelly M. Grimes
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Megan Smith
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Tzuhua D. Lin
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, California
| | - Holly M. Brown-Borg
- Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rubio-Casillas A, Fernández-Guasti A. The dose makes the poison: from glutamate-mediated neurogenesis to neuronal atrophy and depression. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:599-622. [PMID: 27096778 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence has demonstrated that glutamate is an essential factor for neurogenesis, whereas another line of research postulates that excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission is associated with the pathogenesis of depression. The present review shows that such paradox can be explained within the framework of hormesis, defined as biphasic dose responses. Low glutamate levels activate adaptive stress responses that include proteins that protect neurons against more severe stress. Conversely, abnormally high levels of glutamate, resulting from increased release and/or decreased removal, cause neuronal atrophy and depression. The dysregulation of the glutamatergic transmission in depression could be underlined by several factors including a decreased inhibition (γ-aminobutyric acid or serotonin) or an increased excitation (primarily within the glutamatergic system). Experimental evidence shows that the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPAR) can exert two opposite effects on neurogenesis and neuron survival depending on the synaptic or extrasynaptic concentration. Chronic stress, which usually underlies experimental and clinical depression, enhances glutamate release. This overactivates NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and consequently impairs AMPAR activity. Various studies show that treatment with antidepressants decreases plasma glutamate levels in depressed individuals and regulates glutamate receptors by reducing NMDAR function by decreasing the expression of its subunits and by potentiating AMPAR-mediated transmission. Additionally, it has been shown that chronic treatment with antidepressants having divergent mechanisms of action (including tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and ketamine) markedly reduced depolarization-evoked glutamate release in the hippocampus. These data, taken together, suggest that the glutamatergic system could be a final common pathway for antidepressant treatments.
Collapse
|
6
|
Manocha GD, Floden AM, Puig KL, Nagamoto-Combs K, Scherzer CR, Combs CK. Defining the contribution of neuroinflammation to Parkinson's disease in humanized immune system mice. Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:17. [PMID: 28196514 PMCID: PMC5310074 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive microglia have been associated with the histological changes that occur in Parkinson’s disease brains and mouse models of the disease. Multiple studies from autopsy brains have verified the presence of microgliosis in several brain regions including substantia nigra, striatum, hippocampus and various cortical areas. MPTP injections in rodents have also shown striato-nigral microgliosis correlating with the loss of dopaminergic neurons. However, consistent data with respect to cytokine and immune cell changes during Parkinson’s disease have not been fully defined. Results In order to improve understanding of the role of neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease, we employed the MPTP injection model using humanized CD34+ mice along with age-matched C57BL/6 mice. NSG mice engrafted with hu-CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells were injected with MPTP to quantify cytokine changes, neuron loss, gliosis, and behavioral dysfunction. The mice were also treated with or without the calcineurin/NFAT inhibitor, FK506, to determine whether modulating the immune response could attenuate disease. MPTP injections produced impairment of motor performance, increased microgliosis, elevated brain cytokine levels, and reduced tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra and striatum of both humanized CD34+ mice and C57BL/6 mice with a strikingly different profile of human versus mouse cytokine elevations observed in each. Interestingly, FK506 injections significantly attenuated the MPTP-induced effects in the humanized CD34+ mice compared the C57BL/6 mice. In addition, analyses of human plasma from Parkinson’s disease donors compared to age-matched, healthy controls demonstrated an increase in a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines in female patients similar to that observed in MPTP-injected female CD34+ mice. Conclusions This study demonstrates for the first time, induction of Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms in female humanized CD34+ mice using MPTP. The profile of cytokine changes in the serum and brains of the humanized CD34+ mice following MPTP injection differed significantly from that occurring in the more commonly used C57BL/6 strain of mice. Moreover, several cytokine elevations observed in the MPTP injected humanized CD34+ mice were similarly increased in plasma of PD patients suggesting that these mice offer the more relevant model for the inflammatory aspects of human disease. Consistent with this, the effects of MPTP on loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, loss of motor strength, and increase in proinflammatory cytokines were attenuated using an immunosuppressant drug, FK506, in the humanized CD34+ but not the C57BL/6 mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that MPTP injected, humanized CD34+ mice represent a more accurate model for assessing inflammatory changes in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Dhawan Manocha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Angela Marie Floden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Kendra Lynn Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Kumi Nagamoto-Combs
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Neurogenomics Lab and Parkinson Personalized Medicine Initiative of Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Colin Kelly Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang D, Zhang W, Padhiar A, Yue Y, Shi Y, Zheng T, Davis K, Zhang Y, Huang M, Li Y, Sha L. NPAS3 Regulates Transcription and Expression of VGF: Implications for Neurogenesis and Psychiatric Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:109. [PMID: 27877109 PMCID: PMC5099284 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal PAS domain protein 3 (NPAS3) and VGF (VGF Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Inducible) are important for neurogenesis and psychiatric disorders. Previously, we have demonstrated that NPAS3 regulates VGF at the transcriptional level. In this study, VGF (non-acronymic) was found regulated by NPAS3 in neuronal stem cells. However, the underlying mechanism of this regulation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation of NPAS3 and VGF, and their roles in neural cell proliferation, in the context of psychiatric illnesses. First, we focused on the structure of NPAS3, to identify the functional domain of NPAS3. Truncated NPAS3 lacking transactivation domain was also found to activate VGF, which suggested that not only transactivation domain but other structural motifs were also involved in the regulation. Second, Mutated enhancer box (E-box) of VGF promoter showed a significant response to this basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, which suggested an indirect regulatory mechanism for controlling VGF expression by NPAS3. κB site within VGF promoter was identified for VGF activation induced by NPAS3, apart from direct binding to E-box. Furthermore, ectopically expressed NPAS3 in PC12 cells produced parallel responses for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells [NF-κB (P65)] expression, which specifies that NPAS3 regulates VGF through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Over-expression of NPAS3 also enhances the cell proliferation, which can be blocked by knockdown of VGF. Finally, NPAS3 was found to influence proliferation of neural cells through VGF. Therefore, downstream signaling pathways that are responsible for NPAS3-VGF induced proliferation via glutamate receptors were explored. Combining this work and published literature, a potential network composed by NPAS3, NF-κB, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), NGF and VGF, was proposed. This network collectively detailed how NPAS3 connects with VGF and intersected neural cell proliferation, synaptic activity and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Arshad Padhiar
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Yao Yue
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Yonghui Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Tiezheng Zheng
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Kaspar Davis
- Department of Physical Education, Dalian University of Technology Dalian, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Dalian University of Technology Dalian, China
| | - Min Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Li Sha
- College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Manocha GD, Floden AM, Rausch K, Kulas JA, McGregor BA, Rojanathammanee L, Puig KR, Puig KL, Karki S, Nichols MR, Darland DC, Porter JE, Combs CK. APP Regulates Microglial Phenotype in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2016; 36:8471-86. [PMID: 27511018 PMCID: PMC4978805 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4654-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prior work suggests that amyloid precursor protein (APP) can function as a proinflammatory receptor on immune cells, such as monocytes and microglia. Therefore, we hypothesized that APP serves this function in microglia during Alzheimer's disease. Although fibrillar amyloid β (Aβ)-stimulated cytokine secretion from both wild-type and APP knock-out (mAPP(-/-)) microglial cultures, oligomeric Aβ was unable to stimulate increased secretion from mAPP(-/-) cells. This was consistent with an ability of oligomeric Aβ to bind APP. Similarly, intracerebroventricular infusions of oligomeric Aβ produced less microgliosis in mAPP(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. The mAPP(-/-) mice crossed to an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse line demonstrated reduced microgliosis and cytokine levels and improved memory compared with wild-type mice despite robust fibrillar Aβ plaque deposition. These data define a novel function for microglial APP in regulating their ability to acquire a proinflammatory phenotype during disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains is the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide within plaques robustly invested with reactive microglia. This supports the notion that Aβ stimulation of microglial activation is one source of brain inflammatory changes during disease. Aβ is a cleavage product of the ubiquitously expressed amyloid precursor protein (APP) and is able to self-associate into a wide variety of differently sized and structurally distinct multimers. In this study, we demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that nonfibrillar, oligomeric forms of Aβ are able to interact with the parent APP protein to stimulate microglial activation. This provides a mechanism by which metabolism of APP results in possible autocrine or paracrine Aβ production to drive the microgliosis associated with AD brains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan D Manocha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - Angela M Floden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - Keiko Rausch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - Joshua A Kulas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - Brett A McGregor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - Lalida Rojanathammanee
- Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000 Thailand
| | - Kelley R Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - Kendra L Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - Sanjib Karki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, and
| | - Michael R Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, and
| | - Diane C Darland
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202
| | - James E Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203
| | - Colin K Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thakker-Varia S, Behnke J, Doobin D, Dalal V, Thakkar K, Khadim F, Wilson E, Palmieri A, Antila H, Rantamaki T, Alder J. VGF (TLQP-62)-induced neurogenesis targets early phase neural progenitor cells in the adult hippocampus and requires glutamate and BDNF signaling. Stem Cell Res 2014; 12:762-77. [PMID: 24747217 PMCID: PMC4991619 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide VGF (non-acronymic), which has antidepressant-like effects, enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis as well as synaptic activity and plasticity in the hippocampus, however the interaction between these processes and the mechanism underlying this regulation remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that VGF-derived peptide TLQP-62 specifically enhances the generation of early progenitor cells in nestin-GFP mice. Specifically, TLQP-62 significantly increases the number of Type 2a neural progenitor cells (NPCs) while reducing the number of more differentiated Type 3 cells. The effect of TLQP-62 on proliferation rather than differentiation was confirmed using NPCs in vitro; TLQP-62 but not scrambled peptide PEHN-62 increases proliferation in a cell line as well as in primary progenitors from adult hippocampus. Moreover, TLQP-62 but not scrambled peptide increases Cyclin D mRNA expression. The proliferation of NPCs induced by TLQP-62 requires synaptic activity, in particular through NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The activation of glutamate receptors by TLQP-62 activation induces phosphorylation of CaMKII through NMDA receptors and protein kinase D through metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5). Furthermore, pharmacological antagonists to CaMKII and PKD inhibit TLQP-62-induced proliferation of NPCs indicating that these signaling molecules downstream of glutamate receptors are essential for the actions of TLQP-62 on neurogenesis. We also show that TLQP-62 gradually activates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)-receptor TrkB in vitro and that Trk signaling is required for TLQP-62-induced proliferation of NPCs. Understanding the precise molecular mechanism of how TLQP-62 influences neurogenesis may reveal mechanisms by which VGF-derived peptides act as antidepressant-like agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Thakker-Varia
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Joseph Behnke
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - David Doobin
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Vidhi Dalal
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Keya Thakkar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Farah Khadim
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Wilson
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Alicia Palmieri
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Hanna Antila
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 4, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tomi Rantamaki
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Viikinkaari 4, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Janet Alder
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Spatial delayed nonmatching-to-sample performances in long-living Ames dwarf mice. Physiol Behav 2014; 123:100-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Brown-Borg HM, Rakoczy S. Metabolic adaptations to short-term every-other-day feeding in long-living Ames dwarf mice. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:905-19. [PMID: 23832075 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Restrictive dietary interventions exert significant beneficial physiological effects in terms of aging and age-related disease in many species. Every other day feeding (EOD) has been utilized in aging research and shown to mimic many of the positive outcomes consequent with dietary restriction. This study employed long living Ames dwarf mice subjected to EOD feeding to examine the adaptations of the oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidative defense systems to this feeding regimen. Every other day feeding lowered liver glutathione (GSH) concentrations in dwarf and wild type (WT) mice but altered GSH biosynthesis and degradation in WT mice only. The activities of liver OXPHOS enzymes and corresponding proteins declined in WT mice fed EOD while in dwarf animals, the levels were maintained or increased with this feeding regimen. Antioxidative enzymes were differentially affected depending on the tissue, whether proliferative or post-mitotic. Gene expression of components of liver methionine metabolism remained elevated in dwarf mice when compared to WT mice as previously reported however, enzymes responsible for recycling homocysteine to methionine were elevated in both genotypes in response to EOD feeding. The data suggest that the differences in anabolic hormone levels likely affect the sensitivity of long living and control mice to this dietary regimen, with dwarf mice exhibiting fewer responses in comparison to WT mice. These results provide further evidence that dwarf mice may be better protected against metabolic and environmental perturbations which may in turn, contribute to their extended longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Brown-Borg
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Parrella E, Maxim T, Maialetti F, Zhang L, Wan J, Wei M, Cohen P, Fontana L, Longo VD. Protein restriction cycles reduce IGF-1 and phosphorylated Tau, and improve behavioral performance in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Aging Cell 2013; 12:257-68. [PMID: 23362919 PMCID: PMC3982836 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In laboratory animals, calorie restriction (CR) protects against aging, oxidative stress, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Reduced levels of growth hormone and IGF-1, which mediate some of the protective effects of CR, can also extend longevity and/or protect against age-related diseases in rodents and humans. However, severely restricted diets are difficult to maintain and are associated with chronically low weight and other major side effects. Here we show that 4 months of periodic protein restriction cycles (PRCs) with supplementation of nonessential amino acids in mice already displaying significant cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology reduced circulating IGF-1 levels by 30-70% and caused an 8-fold increase in IGFBP-1. Whereas PRCs did not affect the levels of β amyloid (Aβ), they decreased tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus and alleviated the age-dependent impairment in cognitive performance. These results indicate that periodic protein restriction cycles without CR can promote changes in circulating growth factors and tau phosphorylation associated with protection against age-related neuropathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Parrella
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tom Maxim
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Lu Zhang
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Salerno University School of Medicine, Salerno, Italy
- Healthy Aging Platform, CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valter D. Longo
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|