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Magalhães SC, de Oliveira KA, Freiras PA, Moreira Gomes MD, Pereira LM, Boa LF, de Carvalho DP, Fortunato RS, Carneiro Loureiro AC, Brito LC, de Oliveira AC. High-dose Nandrolone Decanoate induces oxidative stress and inflammation in retroperitoneal adipose tissue of male rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 203:105728. [PMID: 32712213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The non-therapeutic use of the androgenic anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate is popular due to its effects on physical performance and body composition, especially for its lipolytic and anabolic effects associated. However, high doses of such drugs are often associated with a series of pathologies related to unbalanced redox homeostasis, which, in turn, can be linked to inflammation. The oxidative stress onset could deregulate the secretion of cytokines, evidencing a dysfunctional adipocyte. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supraphysiological doses of Nandrolone Decanoate on redox homeostasis of retroperitoneal fatpad of male rats and its relationship with cytokines-based inflammatory signaling. Hydrogen peroxide production was assessed in the retroperitoneal fat pad of adult male rats which received either 10 mg kg of Nandrolone Decanoate or only a vehicle. Also, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were measured, together with total reduced thiols and protein carbonylation, as well as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 local levels. High doses of Nandrolone Decanoate caused an increase in the hydrogen peroxide production, together with lower activities of the antioxidant enzymes and lower levels of total reduced thiol. There were also higher protein carbonylation and greater levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the treated group compared to control group. Therefore, it was possible to verify that high doses of Nandrolone Decanoate cause oxidative stress and induce higher inflammatory signaling in retroperitoneal fat pad of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Chaves Magalhães
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Keciany Alves de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paula Alexandre Freiras
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Maria Diana Moreira Gomes
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Matta Pereira
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fonte Boa
- Laboratório de Eletrofisiologia, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Dóris Rosenthal, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Sinalização Redox, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cesar Carneiro Loureiro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Expressão Gênica, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luciana Catunda Brito
- Instututo de Educação Física e Esportes, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ariclécio Cunha de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.
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Duran-Ortiz S, Brittain AL, Kopchick JJ. The impact of growth hormone on proteomic profiles: a review of mouse and adult human studies. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:24. [PMID: 28670222 PMCID: PMC5492507 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a protein that is known to stimulate postnatal growth, counter regulate insulin's action and induce expression of insulin-like growth factor-1. GH exerts anabolic or catabolic effects depending upon on the targeted tissue. For instance, GH increases skeletal muscle and decreases adipose tissue mass. Our laboratory has spent the past two decades studying these effects, including the effects of GH excess and depletion, on the proteome of several mouse and human tissues. This review first discusses proteomic techniques that are commonly used for these types of studies. We then examine the proteomic differences found in mice with excess circulating GH (bGH mice) or mice with disruption of the GH receptor gene (GHR-/-). We also describe the effects of increased and decreased GH action on the proteome of adult patients with either acromegaly, GH deficiency or patients after short-term GH treatment. Finally, we explain how these proteomic studies resulted in the discovery of potential biomarkers for GH action, particularly those related with the effects of GH on aging, glucose metabolism and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Duran-Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA
| | - Alison L Brittain
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
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Salmon AB. Beyond Diabetes: Does Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress Drive the Aging Process? Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E24. [PMID: 27438860 PMCID: PMC5039573 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous correlative data, a causative role for oxidative stress in mammalian longevity has remained elusive. However, there is strong evidence that increased oxidative stress is associated with exacerbation of many diseases and pathologies that are also strongly related to advanced age. Obesity, or increased fat accumulation, is one of the most common chronic conditions worldwide and is associated with not only metabolic dysfunction but also increased levels of oxidative stress in vivo. Moreover, obesity is also associated with significantly increased risks of cardiovascular disease, neurological decline and cancer among many other diseases as well as a significantly increased risk of mortality. In this review, we investigate the possible interpretation that the increased incidence of these diseases in obesity may be due to chronic oxidative stress mediating segmental acceleration of the aging process. Understanding how obesity can alter cellular physiology beyond that directly related to metabolic function could open new therapeutic areas of approach to extend the period of healthy aging among people of all body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Salmon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
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Sierra Rojas JX, García-San Frutos M, Horrillo D, Lauzurica N, Oliveros E, Carrascosa JM, Fernández-Agulló T, Ros M. Differential Development of Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Different Adipose Tissue Depots Along Aging in Wistar Rats: Effects of Caloric Restriction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:310-22. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Liu R, Pulliam DA, Liu Y, Salmon AB. Dynamic differences in oxidative stress and the regulation of metabolism with age in visceral versus subcutaneous adipose. Redox Biol 2015; 6:401-408. [PMID: 26355396 PMCID: PMC4572386 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Once thought only as storage for excess nutrients, adipose tissue has been shown to be a dynamic organ implicated in the regulation of many physiological processes. There is emerging evidence supporting differential roles for visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue in maintaining health, although how these roles are modulated by the aging process is not clear. However, the proposed beneficial effects of subcutaneous fat suggest that targeting maintenance of this tissue could lead to healthier aging. In this study, we tested whether alterations in adipose function with age might be associated with changes in oxidative stress. Using visceral and subcutaneous adipose from C57BL/6 mice, we discovered effects of both age and depot location on markers of lipolysis and adipogenesis. Conversely, accumulation of oxidative damage and changes in enzymatic antioxidant expression with age were largely similar between these two depots. The activation of each of the stress signaling pathways JNK and MAPK/ERK was relatively suppressed in subcutaneous adipose tissue suggesting reduced sensitivity to oxidative stress. Similarly, pre-adipocytes from subcutaneous adipose were significantly more resistant than visceral-derived cells to cell death caused by oxidative stress. Cellular respiration in visceral-derived cells was dramatically higher than in cells derived from subcutaneous adipose despite little evidence for differences in mitochondrial density. Together, our data identify molecular mechanisms by which visceral and subcutaneous adipose differ with age and suggest potential targetable means to preserve healthy adipose aging. Aging alters metabolism differently in C57BL/6 visceral and subcutaneous fat. Oxidative stress and antioxidants show little difference between these fat depots. Age-induced activation of JNK and ERK/MAPK is elevated in visceral fat. Preadipocytes from visceral fat have relatively higher metabolic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Liu
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daniel A Pulliam
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Departments of Cellular & Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Sackmann-Sala L, Berryman DE, Lubbers ER, Zhang H, Vesel CB, Troike KM, Gosney ES, List EO, Kopchick JJ. Age-related and depot-specific changes in white adipose tissue of growth hormone receptor-null mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:34-43. [PMID: 23873966 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone receptor-null (GHR(-/-)) mice are dwarf, insulin sensitive, and long-lived in spite of increased adiposity. However, their adiposity is not uniform, with select white adipose tissue (WAT) depots enlarged. To study WAT depot-specific effects on insulin sensitivity and life span, we analyzed individual WAT depots of 12- and 24-month-old GHR(-) (/-) and wild-type (WT) mice, as well as their plasma levels of selected hormones. Adipocyte sizes and plasma insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels decreased with age in both GHR(-) (/-) and WT mice. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis proteomes of WAT depots were similar among groups, but several proteins involved in endocytosis and/or cytoskeletal organization (Ehd2, S100A10, actin), anticoagulation (S100A10, annexin A5), and age-related conditions (alpha2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein A-I, transthyretin) showed significant differences between genotypes. Because Ehd2 may regulate endocytosis of Glut4, we measured Glut4 levels in the WAT depots of GHR(-) (/-) and WT mice. Inguinal WAT of 12-month-old GHR(-) (/-) mice displayed lower levels of Glut4 than WT. Overall, the protein changes detected in this study offer new insights into possible mechanisms contributing to enhanced insulin sensitivity and extended life span in GHR(-) (/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Sackmann-Sala
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, 1 Water Tower Dr., The Ridges, Athens, OH 45701.
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Ruskovska T, Bernlohr DA. Oxidative stress and protein carbonylation in adipose tissue - implications for insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. J Proteomics 2013; 92:323-34. [PMID: 23584148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While historically considered simply as a depot for excess energy, white adipose tissue is a dynamically active endocrine organ capable of responding to a variety of efferent stimuli resulting in the synthesis and secretion of peptides, proteins and metabolites that serve as signal transducers to the peripheral and central circulation. Such regulation controls a variety of physiological processes including energy expenditure, food intake, reproductive capacity and responsiveness to insulin. Indeed, the accumulation of inflammatory cells in white adipose tissue is considered to be causative in the development of insulin resistance and eventually type 2 diabetes mellitus. A large body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress in adipose tissue not only correlates with insulin resistance but is also causative in its development. Moreover, using the available plasma oxidative stress biomarkers, many clinical studies have shown the presence of systemic oxidative stress in obese insulin resistant subjects, and its decrease after the successful treatment of obesity. In this review we emphasize the role of protein carbonylation in dysfunctional obese white adipose tissue and its metabolic implications. We focus on glutathione S-transferase A4 as the key enzyme for trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and trans-4-oxo-2-nonenal removal from the cell, thus preventing protein carbonylation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Ruskovska
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Former Yugolav Republic of Macedonia.
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Lubbers ER, List EO, Jara A, Sackman-Sala L, Cordoba-Chacon J, Gahete MD, Kineman RD, Boparai R, Bartke A, Kopchick JJ, Berryman DE. Adiponectin in mice with altered GH action: links to insulin sensitivity and longevity? J Endocrinol 2013; 216:363-74. [PMID: 23261955 PMCID: PMC3756886 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is positively correlated with longevity and negatively correlated with many obesity-related diseases. While there are several circulating forms of adiponectin, the high-molecular-weight (HMW) version has been suggested to have the predominant bioactivity. Adiponectin gene expression and cognate serum protein levels are of particular interest in mice with altered GH signaling as these mice exhibit extremes in obesity that are positively associated with insulin sensitivity and lifespan as opposed to the typical negative association of these factors. While a few studies have reported total adiponectin levels in young adult mice with altered GH signaling, much remains unresolved, including changes in adiponectin levels with advancing age, proportion of total adiponectin in the HMW form, adipose depot of origin, and differential effects of GH vs IGF1. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to address these issues using assorted mouse lines with altered GH signaling. Our results show that adiponectin is generally negatively associated with GH activity, regardless of age. Further, the amount of HMW adiponectin is consistently linked with the level of total adiponectin and not necessarily with previously reported lifespan or insulin sensitivity of these mice. Interestingly, circulating adiponectin levels correlated strongly with inguinal fat mass, implying that the effects of GH on adiponectin are depot specific. Interestingly, rbGH, but not IGF1, decreased circulating total and HMW adiponectin levels. Taken together, these results fill important gaps in the literature related to GH and adiponectin and question the frequently reported associations of total and HMW adiponectin with insulin sensitivity and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen R. Lubbers
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701
| | - Edward O. List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701
| | - Adam Jara
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | | | | | - Manuel D. Gahete
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Research and Development, Chicago IL 60612
| | - Rhonda D. Kineman
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Research and Development, Chicago IL 60612
| | - Ravneet Boparai
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794
| | - John J. Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Darlene E. Berryman
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701
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Ding J, Sackmann-Sala L, Kopchick JJ. Mouse models of growth hormone action and aging: a proteomic perspective. Proteomics 2012; 13:674-85. [PMID: 23019135 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a protein secreted by the anterior pituitary and circulates throughout the body to exert important actions on growth and metabolism. GH stimulates the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) that mediates some of the growth promoting actions of GH. The GH/IGF-I axis has recently been recognized as important in terms of longevity in organisms ranging from Caenorhabditis elegans to mice. For example, GH transgenic mice possess short lifespans while GH receptor null (GHR-/-) mice have extended longevity. Thus, the actions of GH (or IGF-I) or lack thereof impact the aging process. In this review, we summarize the proteomic analyses of plasma and white adipose tissue in these two mouse models of GH action, i.e. GH transgenic and GHR-/- mice. At the protein level, we wanted to establish novel plasma biomarkers of GH action as a function of age and to determine differences in adipose tissue depots. We have shown that these proteomic approaches have not only confirmed several known physiological actions of GH, but also resulted in novel protein biomarkers and targets that may be indicative of the aging process and/or new functions of GH. These results may generate new directions for GH and/or aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Martos-Moreno GA, Sackmann-Sala L, Berryman DE, Blome DW, Argente J, Kopchick JJ. [Anatomical heterogeneity in the proteome of human subcutaneous adipose tissue]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2012; 78:140-8. [PMID: 23228439 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human subcutaneous (SQ) white adipose tissue (WAT) can vary according to its anatomical location, with subsequent differences in its proteomic profile. PATIENTS AND METHODS SQ-WAT aspirates were obtained from six overweight (BMI>25kg/m(2)) women who underwent extensive liposuction. SQ-WAT was removed from six different locations (upper abdominal, lower abdominal, thigh, back, flank, and hip), and the protein profiles were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In addition, the proteomic profiles of upper abdominal and hip SQ-WAT were subjected to further analysis, comparing samples obtained from two layers of WAT (deep and superficial). RESULTS Twenty one protein spots showed differential intensities among the six defined anatomical locations, and 14 between the superficial and the deep layer. Among the proteins identified were, vimentin (structural protein), heat-shock proteins (HSPs), superoxide-dismutase (stress-resistance/chaperones), fatty-acid-binding protein (FABP) 4, and alpha-enolase (lipid and carbohydrate metabolism), and ATP-synthase (energy production). Among the WAT samples analyzed, the back sub-depot showed significant differences in the levels of selected proteins when compared to the other locations, with lower level of expression of several proteins involved in energy production and metabolism (ATP-synthase, alpha-enolase, HSPs and FABP-4). CONCLUSIONS The levels of several proteins in human SQ-WAT are not homogeneous between different WAT depots. These changes suggest the existence of inherent functional differences in subcutaneous fat depending upon its anatomical location. Thus, caution must be used when extrapolating data from one subcutaneous WAT region to other depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Martos-Moreno
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Konneker Research Laboratories, Ohio University, The Ridges, Athens, Ohio, Estados Unidos
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Salmon AB. Oxidative stress in the etiology of age-associated decline in glucose metabolism. LONGEVITY & HEALTHSPAN 2012; 1:7. [PMID: 24764512 PMCID: PMC3922939 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2395-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common pathologies in aging humans is the development of glucose metabolism dysfunction. The high incidence of metabolic dysfunction, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus, is a significant health and economic burden on the aging population. However, the mechanisms that regulate this age-related physiological decline, and thus potential preventative treatments, remain elusive. Even after accounting for age-related changes in adiposity, lean mass, blood lipids, etc., aging is an independent factor for reduced glucose tolerance and increased insulin resistance. Oxidative stress has been shown to have significant detrimental impacts on the regulation of glucose homeostasis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, oxidative stress has been shown to be modulated by age and diet in several model systems. This review provides an overview of these data and addresses whether increases in oxidative stress with aging may be a primary determinant of age-related metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Salmon
- The Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, MSC 7755, San Antonio, TX, 78245-3207, USA
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