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Wilkinson GS, Adams DM, Rayner JG. Sex, season, age and status influence urinary steroid hormone profiles in an extremely polygynous neotropical bat. Horm Behav 2024; 164:105606. [PMID: 39059233 PMCID: PMC11330717 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Several polygynous mammals exhibit reproductive skew in which only a few males reproduce. Successful males need strength, stamina and fighting ability to exclude competitors. Consequently, during the mating season their androgens and glucocorticoids are expected to increase to support spermatogenesis and aggressive behavior. But, during the nonmating season these hormones should decline to minimize deleterious effects, such as reduced immune function. Bats that exhibit harem polygyny in which males aggressively defend large groups of females year-round are ideal for assessing hormonal and other consequences of extreme polygyny. Here we use DNA methylation to estimate age and gas chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry to profile steroid metabolites in urine of wild greater spear-nosed bats, Phyllostomus hastatus, across seasons. We find that condition, measured by relative weight, is lower during the mating season for both sexes, although it remains high in harem males during the mating season. Average age of females is greater than males, and females exhibit substantial seasonal differences in androgens, estrogens and glucocorticoids with higher levels of all hormones during the mating season. Males, however, show little seasonal differences but substantial age-associated increases in most steroid metabolites. Harem males have larger, persistently scrotal testes and are older than bachelor males. While cortisone generally declines with age, harem males maintain higher amounts of biologically active cortisol than bachelor males all year and cortisol levels increase more quickly in response to restraint in males than in females. Taken together, these results suggest that attaining reproductive dominance requires hormone levels that reduce lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle M Adams
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Jack G Rayner
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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2
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Lomniczi A, Luna SL, Cervera-Juanes R, Appleman ML, Kohama SG, Urbanski HF. Age-related increase in the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in the hippocampus of male rhesus macaques. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1328543. [PMID: 38560025 PMCID: PMC10978655 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1328543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hippocampus is especially susceptible to age-associated neuronal pathologies, and there is concern that the age-associated rise in cortisol secretion from the adrenal gland may contribute to their etiology. Furthermore, because 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) catalyzes the reduction of cortisone to the active hormone cortisol, it is plausible that an increase in the expression of this enzyme enhances the deleterious impact of cortisol in the hippocampus and contributes to the neuronal pathologies that underlie cognitive decline in the elderly. Methods Rhesus macaques were used as a translational animal model of human aging, to examine age-related changes in gene and protein expressions of (HSD11B1/HSD11B1) in the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a crucial role in learning and memory. Results Older animals showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher base-line cortisol levels in the circulation. In addition, they showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher hippocampal expression of HSD11B1 but not NR3C1 and NR3C2 (i.e., two receptor-encoding genes through which cortisol exerts its physiological actions). A similar age-related significant (p < 0.05) increase in the expression of the HSD11B1 was revealed at the protein level by western blot analysis. Discussion The data suggest that an age-related increase in the expression of hippocampal HSD11B1 is likely to raise cortisol concentrations in this cognitive brain area, and thereby contribute to the etiology of neuropathologies that ultimately lead to neuronal loss and dementia. Targeting this enzyme pharmacologically may help to reduce the negative impact of elevated cortisol concentrations within glucocorticoid-sensitive brain areas and thereby afford neuronal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lomniczi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Selva L. Luna
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rita Cervera-Juanes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Maria-Luisa Appleman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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3
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Zambrano E, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodríguez-González GL, Chavira R, Lomas-Soria C, Gerow KG, Nathanielsz PW. Developmental Programming-Aging Interactions Have Sex-Specific and Developmental Stage of Exposure Outcomes on Life Course Circulating Corticosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Concentrations in Rats Exposed to Maternal Protein-Restricted Diets. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051239. [PMID: 36904238 PMCID: PMC10005360 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The steroids corticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) perform multiple life course functions. Rodent life-course circulating corticosterone and DHEA trajectories are unknown. We studied life course basal corticosterone and DHEA in offspring of rats fed protein-restricted (10% protein, R) or control (20% protein, C), pregnancy diet first letter, and/or lactation second letter, producing four offspring groups-CC, RR, CR, and RC. We hypothesize that 1. maternal diet programs are sexually dimorphic, offspring life course steroid concentrations, and 2. an aging-related steroid will fall. Both changes differ with the plastic developmental period offspring experienced R, fetal life or postnatally, pre-weaning. Corticosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay and DHEA by ELISA. Steroid trajectories were evaluated by quadratic analysis. Female corticosterone was higher than male in all groups. Male and female corticosterone were highest in RR, peaked at 450 days, and fell thereafter. DHEA declined with aging in all-male groups. DHEA: corticosterone fell in three male groups but increased in all-female groups with age. In conclusion, life course and sexually dimorphic steroid developmental programming-aging interactions may explain differences in steroid studies at different life stages and between colonies experiencing different early-life programming. These data support our hypotheses of sex and programming influences and aging-related fall in rat life course serum steroids. Life course studies should address developmental programming-aging interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Roberto Chavira
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- CONACyT-Cátedras, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Kenneth G. Gerow
- Department of Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Center for Pregnancy and Life Course Health Research, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Correspondence:
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Grigorova N, Ivanova Z, Bjørndal B, Berge RK, Vachkova E, Milanova A, Penchev G, Georgiev IP. Diet restriction alone improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity than its coadministration with krill or fish oil in a rabbit model of castration‐induced obesity. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:1396-1407. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Grigorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
| | - Zhenya Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
| | - Bodil Bjørndal
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Department of Sports, Food, and Natural Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen Norway
| | - Rolf Kristian Berge
- Department of Clinical Science University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Department of Heart Disease Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Ekaterina Vachkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
| | - Aneliya Milanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Penchev
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Penchev Georgiev
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
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Malecki KMC, Andersen JK, Geller AM, Harry GJ, Jackson CL, James KA, Miller GW, Ottinger MA. Integrating Environment and Aging Research: Opportunities for Synergy and Acceleration. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:824921. [PMID: 35264945 PMCID: PMC8901047 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.824921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant overlaps in mission, the fields of environmental health sciences and aging biology are just beginning to intersect. It is increasingly clear that genetics alone does not predict an individual’s neurological aging and sensitivity to disease. Accordingly, aging neuroscience is a growing area of mutual interest within environmental health sciences. The impetus for this review came from a workshop hosted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in June of 2020, which focused on integrating the science of aging and environmental health research. It is critical to bridge disciplines with multidisciplinary collaborations across toxicology, comparative biology, epidemiology to understand the impacts of environmental toxicant exposures and age-related outcomes. This scoping review aims to highlight overlaps and gaps in existing knowledge and identify essential research initiatives. It begins with an overview of aging biology and biomarkers, followed by examples of synergy with environmental health sciences. New areas for synergistic research and policy development are also discussed. Technological advances including next-generation sequencing and other-omics tools now offer new opportunities, including exposomic research, to integrate aging biomarkers into environmental health assessments and bridge disciplinary gaps. This is necessary to advance a more complete mechanistic understanding of how life-time exposures to toxicants and other physical and social stressors alter biological aging. New cumulative risk frameworks in environmental health sciences acknowledge that exposures and other external stressors can accumulate across the life course and the advancement of new biomarkers of exposure and response grounded in aging biology can support increased understanding of population vulnerability. Identifying the role of environmental stressors, broadly defined, on aging biology and neuroscience can similarly advance opportunities for intervention and translational research. Several areas of growing research interest include expanding exposomics and use of multi-omics, the microbiome as a mediator of environmental stressors, toxicant mixtures and neurobiology, and the role of structural and historical marginalization and racism in shaping persistent disparities in population aging and outcomes. Integrated foundational and translational aging biology research in environmental health sciences is needed to improve policy, reduce disparities, and enhance the quality of life for older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M. C. Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Kristen M. C. Malecki,
| | | | - Andrew M. Geller
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, United States
| | - G. Jean Harry
- Division of National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chandra L. Jackson
- Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Katherine A. James
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Gary W. Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Seraphin SB, Sanchez MM, Whitten PL, Winslow JT. The behavioral neuroendocrinology of dopamine systems in differently reared juvenile male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Horm Behav 2022; 137:105078. [PMID: 34823146 PMCID: PMC11302405 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a critical neuromodulator of behavior. With propensities for addiction, hyper-activity, cognitive impairment, aggression, and social subordinance, monkeys enduring early maternal deprivation evoke human disorders involving dopaminergic dysfunction. To examine whether DA system alterations shape the behavioral correlates of adverse rearing, male monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were either mother-reared (MR: N = 6), or separated from their mothers at birth and nursery-reared (NR: N = 6). Behavior was assessed during 20-minute observations of subjects interacting with same- or differently-reared peers. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biogenic amines, and serum testosterone (T), cortisol (CORT), and prolactin (PRL) were collected before and after pharmacologic challenge with saline or the DA receptor-2 (DRD2) antagonist Raclopride (RAC). Neuropeptide correlations observed in MR were non-existent in NR monkeys. Compared to MR, NR showed reduced DA tone; higher basal serum T; and lower CSF serotonin (5-HT). RAC increased PRL, T and CORT, but the magnitude of responses varied as a function of rearing. Levels of PRL significantly increased following RAC in MR, but not NR. Elevations in T following RAC were only significant among MR. Contrastingly, the net change (RAC CORT - saline CORT) in CORT was greater in NR than MR. Finally, observations conducted during the juvenile phase in a novel play-arena revealed more aggressive, self-injurious, and repetitive behaviors, which negatively correlated with indexes of dopaminergic tone in NR monkeys. In conclusion, early maternal deprivation alters brain DA systems, and thus may be associated with characteristic cognitive, social, and addiction outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally B Seraphin
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322-1003, United States; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322-0001, United States.
| | - Mar M Sanchez
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322-0001, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322-1003, United States
| | - Patricia L Whitten
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, 207 Anthropology Building, 1557 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322-1003, United States; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30322-0001, United States
| | - James T Winslow
- NIMH IRP Neurobiology Primate Core, NIHAC Bldg. 110, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-0001, United States
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Luna SL, Brown DI, Kohama SG, Urbanski HF. Lack of effect of short-term DHEA supplementation on the perimenopausal ovary†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1209-1216. [PMID: 32901819 PMCID: PMC7711893 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) hormonal supplementation can improve oocyte quality in women with diminished ovarian function. However, it is unclear whether DHEA supplementation can also enhance ovarian function during the perimenopause (i.e., when the number of follicles in the ovary has undergone a marked reduction). To address this question, we examined the impact of 2.5-months of daily 5-mg oral DHEA supplementation on the number of ovarian follicles and the concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in perimenopausal rhesus macaques. Like women, these long-lived nonhuman primates have ~ 28-day menstrual cycles and eventually undergo menopause. They also show similar age-related neuroendocrine changes, including a marked decrease in circulating concentrations of DHEA and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS). Our experimental design involved the following three groups of animals (N = 6 per group): Young adult (mean age = 11.6 years), Old control (mean age = 23.1 years), and Old DHEA-treated (mean age = 23.5 years). Histological examination of the ovaries revealed a significant age-related decrease in the mean number of primordial follicles despite DHEA supplementation. Moreover, AMH concentrations within the ovaries and circulation, assessed by Western analysis and ELISA, respectively, showed significant age-related decreases that were not attenuated by DHEA supplementation. Taken together, these results fail to show a clear effect of short-term physiological DHEA supplementation on the perimenopausal ovary. However, they do not exclude the possibility that alternative DHEA supplementation paradigms (e.g., involving an earlier start date, longer duration and using pharmacological doses) may extend reproductive potential during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selva L Luna
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Donald I Brown
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Steven G Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
| | - Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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8
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Xia K, Chen H, Wang J, Feng X, Gao Y, Wang Y, Deng R, Wu C, Luo P, Zhang M, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu G, Tu X, Sun X, Li W, Ke Q, Deng C, Xiang AP. Restorative functions of Autologous Stem Leydig Cell transplantation in a Testosterone-deficient non-human primate model. Theranostics 2020; 10:8705-8720. [PMID: 32754273 PMCID: PMC7392013 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Stem Leydig cells (SLCs) transplantation can restore testosterone production in rodent models and is thus a potential solution for treating testosterone deficiency (TD). However, it remains unknown whether these favorable effects will be reproduced in more clinically relevant large-animal models. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility, safety and efficacy of autologous SLCs transplantation in a testosterone-deficient non-human primate (NHP) model. Methods: Cynomolgus monkey SLCs (CM-SLCs) were isolated from testis biopsies of elderly (> 19 years) cynomolgus monkeys by flow cytometry. Autologous CM-SLCs were injected into the testicular interstitium of 7 monkeys. Another 4 monkeys were injected the same way with cynomolgus monkey dermal fibroblasts (CM-DFs) as controls. The animals were then examined for sex hormones, semen, body composition, grip strength, and exercise activity. Results: We first isolated CD271+ CM-SLCs which were confirmed to expand continuously and show potential to differentiate into testosterone-producing Leydig cells (LCs) in vitro. Compared with CM-DFs transplantation, engraftment of autologous CM-SLCs into elderly monkeys could significantly increase the serum testosterone level in a physiological pattern for 8 weeks, without any need for immunosuppression. Importantly, CM-SLCs transplantation recovered spermatogenesis and ameliorated TD-related symptoms, such as those related to body fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral density, strength and exercise capacity. Conclusion: For the first time, our short-term observations demonstrated that autologous SLCs can increase testosterone levels and ameliorate relevant TD symptoms in primate models. A larger cohort with long-term follow-up will be required to assess the translational potential of autologous SLCs for TD therapy.
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Qiu P, Jiang J, Liu Z, Cai Y, Huang T, Wang Y, Liu Q, Nie Y, Liu F, Cheng J, Li Q, Tang YC, Poo MM, Sun Q, Chang HC. BMAL1 knockout macaque monkeys display reduced sleep and psychiatric disorders. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:87-100. [PMID: 34691834 PMCID: PMC8291534 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption is a risk factor for metabolic, psychiatric and age-related disorders, and non-human primate models could help to develop therapeutic treatments. Here, we report the generation of BMAL1 knockout cynomolgus monkeys for circadian-related disorders by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of monkey embryos. These monkeys showed higher nocturnal locomotion and reduced sleep, which was further exacerbated by a constant light regimen. Physiological circadian disruption was reflected by the markedly dampened and arrhythmic blood hormonal levels. Furthermore, BMAL1-deficient monkeys exhibited anxiety and depression, consistent with their stably elevated blood cortisol, and defective sensory processing in auditory oddball tests found in schizophrenia patients. Ablation of BMAL1 up-regulated transcriptional programs toward inflammatory and stress responses, with transcription networks associated with human sleep deprivation, major depressive disorders, and aging. Thus, BMAL1 knockout monkeys are potentially useful for studying the physiological consequences of circadian disturbance, and for developing therapies for circadian and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Dynamic Brain Signal Analysis Facility, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yijun Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanhong Nie
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiumu Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yun-Chi Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Mu-ming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hung-Chun Chang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Dynamic Brain Signal Analysis Facility, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China
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Fulop T, Franceschi C, Hirokawa K, Pawelec G. Nonhuman Primate Models of Immunosenescence. HANDBOOK OF IMMUNOSENESCENCE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121907 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99375-1_80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to a dramatic increase in life expectancy, the number of individuals aged 65 and older is rapidly rising. This presents considerable challenges to our health care system since advanced age is associated with a higher susceptibility to infectious diseases due to immune senescence. However, the mechanisms underlying age-associated dysregulated immunity are still incompletely understood. Advancement in our comprehension of mechanisms of immune senescence and development of interventions to improve health span requires animal models that closely recapitulate the physiological changes that occur with aging in humans. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are invaluable preclinical models to study the underlying causal mechanism of pathogenesis due to their outbred nature, high degree of genetic and physiological similarity to humans, and their susceptibility to human pathogens. In this chapter, we review NHP models available for biogerontology research, advantages and challenges they present, and advances they facilitated. Furthermore, we emphasize the utility of NHPs in characterizing immune senescence, evaluating interventions to reverse aging of the immune system, and development of vaccine strategies that are better suited for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Division of Geriatrics Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Ramsey J, Martin EC, Purcell OM, Lee KM, MacLean AG. Self-injurious behaviours in rhesus macaques: Potential glial mechanisms. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2018; 62:1008-1017. [PMID: 30450801 PMCID: PMC6385863 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-injurious behaviour (SIB) can be classified as intentional, direct injuring of body tissue usually without suicidal intent. In its non-suicidal form it is commonly seen as a clinical sign of borderline personality disorder, autism, PTSD, depression, and anxiety affecting a wide range of ages and conditions. In rhesus macaques SIB is most commonly manifested through hair plucking, self-biting, self-hitting, and head banging. SIB in the form of self-biting is observed in approximately 5-15% of individually housed monkeys. Recently, glial cells are becoming recognised as key players in regulating behaviours. METHOD The goal of this study was to determine the role of glial activation, including astrocytes, in macaques that had displayed SIB. To this end, we performed immunohistochemistry and next generation sequence of brain tissues from rhesus macaques with SIB. RESULTS Our studies showed increased vimentin, but not nestin, expression on astrocytes of macaques displaying SIB. Initial RNA Seq analyses indicate activation of pathways involved in tissue remodelling, neuroinflammation and cAMP signalling. CONCLUSIONS Glia are most probably activated in primates with self-injury, and are therefore potential novel targets for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ramsey
- Tulane Program in Neuroscience, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Elizabeth C. Martin
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Olivia M. Purcell
- Tulane Program in Neuroscience, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Kim M. Lee
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433
- Tulane Program in Biomedical Science, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Andrew G. MacLean
- Tulane Program in Neuroscience, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433
- Tulane Program in Biomedical Science, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, LA 70112
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University New Orleans, LA 70112
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12
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Kim YS, Park HJ, Park JH, Hong EJ, Jang GY, Jung ID, Han HD, Lee SH, Vo MC, Lee JJ, Yang A, Farmer E, Wu TC, Kang TH, Park YM. A novel function of API5 (apoptosis inhibitor 5), TLR4-dependent activation of antigen presenting cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1472187. [PMID: 30288341 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1472187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are recognized as a promising immunotherapeutic strategy against cancer. Various adjuvants are often incorporated to enhance the modest immunogenicity of DC vaccines. More specifically, many of the commonly used adjuvants are derived from bacteria. In the current study, we evaluate the use of apoptosis inhibitor 5 (API5), a damage-associated molecular pattern expressed by many human cancer cells, as a novel DC vaccine adjuvant. We showed that API5 can prompt activation and maturation of DCs and activate NFkB by stimulating the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that vaccination with API5-treated DCs pulsed with OVA, E7, or AH1-A5 peptides led to the generation of OVA, E7, or AH1-A5-specific CD8 + T cells and memory T cells, which is associated with long term tumor protection and antitumor effects in mice, against EG.7, TC-1, and CT26 tumors. Additionally, we determined that API5-mediated DC activation and immune stimulation are dependent on TLR4. Lastly, we showed that the API5 protein sequence fragment that is proximal to its leucine zipper motif is responsible for the adjuvant effects exerted by API5. Our data provide evidence that support the use of API5 as a promising adjuvant for DC-based therapies, which can be applied in combination with other cancer therapies. Most notably, our results further support the continued investigation of human-based adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Seob Kim
- Department of Immunology KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- Department of Immunology KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Park
- Department of Immunology KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Hong
- Department of Immunology KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Gun-Young Jang
- Department of Immunology KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - In Duk Jung
- Department of Immunology KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Hee Dong Han
- Department of Immunology KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Manh-Cuong Vo
- Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam-do, Korea
| | - Andrew Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Farmer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tae Heung Kang
- Department of Immunology KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
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13
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Eghlidi DH, Garyfallou VT, Kohama SG, Urbanski HF. Age-associated gene expression changes in the arcuate nucleus of male rhesus macaques. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:141-149. [PMID: 28615280 PMCID: PMC5553588 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) represents a major component of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis and plays an important role in controlling the onset of puberty as well as age-associated reproductive senescence. Although significant gene expression changes have been observed in the ARC during sexual maturation, it is unclear what changes occur during aging, especially in males. Therefore, in the present study, we profiled the expression of reproduction-related genes in the ARC of young and old male rhesus macaques, as well as old males that had received 6 months of hormone supplementation (HS) in the form of daily testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone; we also compared morning vs night ARC gene expression in the old males. Using Affymetrix gene microarrays, we found little evidence for age-associated expression changes for genes associated with the neuroendocrine reproductive axis, whereas using qRT-PCR, we detected a similar age-associated decrease in PGR (progesterone receptor) that we previously observed in postmenopausal females. We also detected a sex-steroid-dependent and age-associated decrease in androgen receptor (AR) expression, with highest AR levels being expressed at night (i.e., coinciding with the natural peak in daily testosterone secretion). Finally, unlike previous observations made in females, we did not find a significant age-associated increase in KISS1 (Kisspeptin) or TAC3 (Neurokinin B) expression in the ARC of males, most likely because the attenuation of circulating sex-steroid levels in the males was much less than that in postmenopausal females. Taken together, the data highlight some similarities and differences in ARC gene expression between aged male and female nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique H Eghlidi
- Department of Neurology and Division of Sleep MedicineHarvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vasilios T Garyfallou
- Division of NeuroscienceOregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Steven G Kohama
- Division of NeuroscienceOregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of NeuroscienceOregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental SciencesOregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral NeuroscienceOregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyOregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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14
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Urbanski HF, Mueller K, Bethea CL. Effect of an obesogenic diet on circadian activity and serum hormones in old monkeys. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:380-383. [PMID: 28619884 PMCID: PMC5527355 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Like women, old female rhesus macaques undergo menopause and show many of the same age-associated changes, including perturbed activity/rest cycles and altered circulating levels of many hormones. Previous studies showed that administration of an estrogen agonist increased activity in female monkeys, that hormone therapy (HT) increased activity in postmenopausal women and that obesity decreased activity in women. The present study sought to determine if postmenopausal activity and circulating hormone levels also respond to HT when monkeys are fed a high-fat, high-sugar Western style diet (WSD). Old female rhesus macaques were ovo-hysterectomized (OvH) to induce surgical menopause and fed a WSD for 2 years. Half of the animals received estradiol-17β (E), beginning immediately after OvH, while the other half received placebo. Animals in both groups showed an increase in body weight and a decrease in overall activity levels. These changes were associated with a rise in both daytime and nocturnal serum leptin concentrations, but there was no change in serum concentrations of either cortisol or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). These data suggest that 2 years of HT has little or no effect on locomotor activity or circadian hormone patterns in menopausal macaques fed an obesogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of NeuroscienceOregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental SciencesOregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Department of Behavioral NeuroscienceOregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Physiology & PharmacologyOregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kevin Mueller
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental SciencesOregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Cynthia L Bethea
- Division of NeuroscienceOregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental SciencesOregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyOregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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15
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Urbanski HF, Sorwell KG, Prokai L, Kohama SG. Effect of short-term DHEA supplementation on serum and hippocampal estrogen concentrations in perimenopausal female rhesus macaques. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 55:172-174. [PMID: 28431754 PMCID: PMC5443113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus of rhesus macaques expresses genes that encode key enzymes involved in the intracrine conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to estradiol. Therefore, it is plausible that supplementary DHEA may enhance hippocampal estradiol concentrations and help to compensate for the marked postmenopausal attenuation of circulating estrogen levels. To test this hypothesis, we used LC-MS/MS to measure estradiol and estrone concentrations in the serum and hippocampus of young and old perimenopausal female rhesus macaques, as well as old perimenopausal females that received daily DHEA (5 mg) oral supplementation for 1 week. Despite lower concentrations of these estrogens in the serum of the older animals, their concentrations in the hippocampus did not show any obvious differences due to age or to DHEA supplementation. The results suggest that de novo estrogen synthesis in the brain may compensate for the perimenopausal loss of estrogens in the circulation even without supplemental DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA.
| | - Krystina G Sorwell
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Laszlo Prokai
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Steven G Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
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16
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Rais M, Wilson RM, Urbanski HF, Messaoudi I. Androgen supplementation improves some but not all aspects of immune senescence in aged male macaques. GeroScience 2017; 39:373-384. [PMID: 28616771 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-017-9979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a progressive decline in immune function commonly referred to as immune senescence, which results in increased incidence and severity of infection. In addition, older males experience a significant disruption in their levels of circulating androgens, notably testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which has been linked to sarcopenia, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Since sex steroid levels modulate immune function, it is possible that the age-related decline in androgen levels can also affect immune senescence. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the pleiotropic effects of physiological androgen supplementation in aged male rhesus macaques (n = 7/group) on immune cell subset frequency and response to vaccination. As expected, frequency of naïve CD4 and CD8 T cells declined in aged non-treated macaques, while that of memory T cells increased. In contrast, frequency of naïve and memory T cells remained stable in androgen-supplemented males. In addition, levels of inflammatory cytokines increased less steeply in supplemented aged males compared to the aged controls. Despite these changes, androgen-supplemented animals only showed modest improvement in antibody responses following vaccination compared to age non-treated controls. These data indicate that short-term physiological androgen supplementation can improve some but not all aspects of immune senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maham Rais
- Graduate program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Randall M Wilson
- Graduate program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience and Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Graduate program in Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. .,Graduate program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. .,Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, 2400 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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17
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Urbanski HF. Effect of androgen supplementation on 24-hour activity-rest patterns of aged male rhesus macaques. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 54:100-102. [PMID: 28359034 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Like elderly men, old male rhesus macaques show attenuated circulating levels of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and many of them also show reduced levels of daytime activity. It is unclear, however, if this age-associated behavioral change is causally related to the underlying decrease in circulating androgen levels. To test this possibility, old male rhesus macaques were given daily supplements of testosterone and DHEA for 6 months, designed to mimic the mean 24-hour circulating hormone patterns of young adults. Compared with the young adults, the old controls showed attenuated daytime activity levels. However, there was no difference between the androgen-supplemented old animals and the aged-matched controls, even after 6 months of treatment. The data suggest that age-associated decreases in circulating androgen levels are unlikely to be a primary reason for altered activity-rest patterns in elderly men, and that androgen supplementation paradigms might not provide any obvious therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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18
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An overview of nonhuman primates in aging research. Exp Gerontol 2016; 94:41-45. [PMID: 27956088 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A graying human population and the rising costs of healthcare have fueled the growing need for a sophisticated translational model of aging. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) experience aging processes similar to humans and, as a result, provide an excellent opportunity to study a closely related species. Rhesus monkeys share >92% homology and are the most commonly studied NHP. However, their substantial size, long lifespan, and the associated expense are prohibitive factors. Marmosets are rapidly becoming the preferred NHP for biomedical testing due to their small size, low zoonotic risk, reproductive efficiency, and relatively low-cost. Both species experience age-related pathology similar to humans, such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and neurological decline. As a result, their use in aging research is paving the way to improved human health through a better understanding of the mechanisms of aging.
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19
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Kang TH, Kim YS, Kim S, Yang B, Lee JJ, Lee HJ, Lee J, Jung ID, Han HD, Lee SH, Koh SS, Wu TC, Park YM. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor serves as adjuvant by activating dendritic cells through stimulation of TLR4. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27751-62. [PMID: 26336989 PMCID: PMC4695023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) based cancer vaccines represent a promising immunotherapeutic strategy against cancer. To enhance the modest immunogenicity of DC vaccines, various adjuvants are often incorporated. Particularly, most of the common adjuvants are derived from bacteria. In the current study, we evaluate the use of a human pancreatic cancer derived protein, pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor (PAUF), as a novel DC vaccine adjuvant. We show that PAUF can induce activation and maturation of DCs and activate NFkB by stimulating the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, vaccination with PAUF treated DCs pulsed with E7 or OVA peptides leads to generation of E7 or OVA-specific CD8+ T cells and memory T cells, which correlate with long term tumor protection and antitumor effects against TC-1 and EG.7 tumors in mice. Finally, we demonstrated that PAUF mediated DC activation and immune stimulation are dependent on TLR4. Our data provides evidence supporting PAUF as a promising adjuvant for DC based therapies, which can be applied in conjunction with other cancer therapies. Most importantly, our results serve as a reference for future investigation of human based adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Heung Kang
- Department of Immunology, KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Young Seob Kim
- Department of Immunology, KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Seokho Kim
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Benjamin Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, Jeollanamdo, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In Duk Jung
- Department of Immunology, KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Hee Dong Han
- Department of Immunology, KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Microbiology, KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Sang Seok Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, KU Open Innovation Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
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20
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Didier ES, MacLean AG, Mohan M, Didier PJ, Lackner AA, Kuroda MJ. Contributions of Nonhuman Primates to Research on Aging. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:277-90. [PMID: 26869153 PMCID: PMC5027759 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815622974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the biological process of declining physiologic function associated with increasing mortality rate during advancing age. Humans and higher nonhuman primates exhibit unusually longer average life spans as compared with mammals of similar body mass. Furthermore, the population of humans worldwide is growing older as a result of improvements in public health, social services, and health care systems. Comparative studies among a wide range of organisms that include nonhuman primates contribute greatly to our understanding about the basic mechanisms of aging. Based on their genetic and physiologic relatedness to humans, nonhuman primates are especially important for better understanding processes of aging unique to primates, as well as for testing intervention strategies to improve healthy aging and to treat diseases and disabilities in older people. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are the predominant monkeys used in studies on aging, but research with lower nonhuman primate species is increasing. One of the priority topics of research about aging in nonhuman primates involves neurologic changes associated with cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Additional areas of research include osteoporosis, reproductive decline, caloric restriction, and their mimetics, as well as immune senescence and chronic inflammation that affect vaccine efficacy and resistance to infections and cancer. The purpose of this review is to highlight the findings from nonhuman primate research that contribute to our understanding about aging and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Didier
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - A G MacLean
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - M Mohan
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - P J Didier
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - A A Lackner
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - M J Kuroda
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
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21
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Abstract
The testis provides not just one but several models of temporal organization. The complexity of its rhythmic function arises in part from its compartmentalization and diversity of cell types: not only does the testis produce gametes, but it also serves as the major source of circulating androgens. Within the seminiferous tubules, the germ cells divide and differentiate while in intimate contact with Sertoli cells. The tubule is highly periodic: a spermatogenic wave travels along its length to determine the timing of the commitment of spermatogonia to differentiate, the phases of meiotic division, and the rate of differentiation of the postmeiotic germ cells. Recent evidence indicates that oscillations of retinoic acid play a major role in determining periodicity of the seminiferous epithelium. In the interstitial space, Leydig cells produce the steroid hormones required both for the completion of spermatogenesis and the development and maintenance of male sexual characteristics throughout the body. This endocrine output also oscillates; although the pulse generator lies outside the gonad, the steroidogenic function of Leydig cells is tuned to a regular episodic input. While the oscillations of the intratubular and interstitial cells have multihour (ultradian) and multiday (infradian) periodicities, respectively, the functions of both compartments also display dramatic seasonal rhythms. Furthermore, circadian rhythms are evident in some of the cell types, although their amplitude and pervasiveness are not as great as in many other tissues of the same organism, and their detection may require methods that recognize the heterogeneity of the testis. This review examines the periodicity of testicular function along multiple time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Bittman
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Kelly B, Maguire-Herring V, Rose CM, Gore HE, Ferrigno S, Novak MA, Lacreuse A. Short-term testosterone manipulations do not affect cognition or motor function but differentially modulate emotions in young and older male rhesus monkeys. Horm Behav 2014; 66:731-42. [PMID: 25308086 PMCID: PMC4262694 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human aging is characterized by declines in cognition and fine motor function as well as improved emotional regulation. In men, declining levels of testosterone (T) with age have been implicated in the development of these age-related changes. However, studies examining the effects of T replacement on cognition, emotion and fine motor function in older men have not provided consistent results. Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) are excellent models for human cognitive aging and may provide novel insights on this issue. We tested 10 aged intact male rhesus monkeys (mean age=19, range 15-25) on a battery of cognitive, motor and emotional tasks at baseline and under low or high T experimental conditions. Their performance was compared to that of 6 young males previously tested in the same paradigm (Lacreuse et al., 2009; Lacreuse et al., 2010). Following a 4-week baseline testing period, monkeys were treated with a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (Depot Lupron, 200 μg/kg) to suppress endogenous T and were tested on the task battery under a 4-week high T condition (injection of Lupron+T enanthate, 20 mg/kg, n=8) or 4-week low T condition (injection of Lupron+oil vehicle, n=8) before crossing over to the opposite treatment. The cognitive tasks consisted of the Delayed Non-Matching-to-Sample (DNMS), the Delayed Response (DR), and the Delayed Recognition Span Test (spatial-DRST). The emotional tasks included an object Approach-Avoidance task and a task in which monkeys were played videos of unfamiliar conspecifics in different emotional context (Social Playbacks). The fine motor task was the Lifesaver task that required monkeys to remove a Lifesaver candy from rods of different complexity. T manipulations did not significantly affect visual recognition memory, working memory, reference memory or fine motor function at any age. In the Approach-Avoidance task, older monkeys, but not younger monkeys, spent more time in proximity of novel objects in the high T condition relative to the low T condition. In both age groups, high T increased watching time of threatening social stimuli in the Social Playbacks. These results suggest that T affects some aspects of emotional processing but has no effect on fine motor function or cognition in young or older male macaques. It is possible that the duration of T treatment was not long enough to affect cognition or fine motor function or that T levels were too high to improve these outcomes. An alternative explanation for the discrepancies of our findings with some of the cognitive and emotional effects of T reported in rodents and humans may be the use of a chemical castration, which reduced circulating gonadotropins in addition to T. Further studies will investigate whether the luteinizing hormone LH mediates the effects of T on brain function in male primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kelly
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772, USA; Behavioral Sciences, Fitchburg State University, Fitchburg MA 01420, USA
| | | | - Christian M Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Heather E Gore
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Stephen Ferrigno
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Melinda A Novak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772, USA
| | - Agnès Lacreuse
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Urbanski HF, Sorwell KG, Garyfallou VT, Garten J, Weiss A, Renner L, Neuringer M, Kohama SG. Androgen supplementation during aging: development of a physiologically appropriate protocol. Rejuvenation Res 2014; 17:150-3. [PMID: 24134213 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Men show an age-related decline in the circulating levels of testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS). Consequently, there is interest in developing androgen supplementation paradigms for old men that replicate the hormone profiles of young adults. In the present study, we used old (21-26 years old) male rhesus monkeys as a model to examine the efficacy of an androgen supplementation paradigm that comprised oral T administration (12 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in sesame oil/chocolate) in the evening, and two oral DHEA administrations, 3 hr apart (0.04 mg/kg body weight, dissolved in sesame oil/chocolate) in the morning. After 5 days of repeated hormone supplementation, serial blood samples were remotely collected from each animal hourly across the 24-hr day, and assayed for cortisol, DHEAS, T, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estrone (E1), and 17β-estradiol (E2). Following androgen supplementation, T levels were significantly elevated and this was associated with a more sustained nocturnal elevation of T's primary bioactive metabolites, DHT and E1 and E2. Plasma DHEAS levels were also significantly elevated after androgen supplementation; DHEAS levels rose in the early morning and gradually declined during the course of the day, closely mimicking the profiles observed in young adults (7-12 years old); in contrast, cortisol levels were unaltered by the supplementation. Together the data demonstrate a non-invasive androgen supplementation paradigm that restores youthful circulating androgen levels in old male primates. Because this paradigm preserves the natural circulating circadian hormone patterns, we predict that it will produce fewer adverse side effects, such as perturbed sleep or cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk F Urbanski
- 1 Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University , Beaverton, Oregon
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Sitzmann BD, Brown DI, Garyfallou VT, Kohama SG, Mattison JA, Ingram DK, Roth GS, Ottinger MA, Urbanski HF. Impact of moderate calorie restriction on testicular morphology and endocrine function in adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:183-197. [PMID: 23881606 PMCID: PMC3889886 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that moderate calorie restriction (CR) has minimal impact on testicular gene expression in young adult rhesus macaques, and no obvious negative impact on semen quality or plasma testosterone levels. We now extend these findings by examining the influence of CR on various aspects of the reproductive axis of older males, including 24-h circulating testosterone levels, testicular gene expression, and testicular morphology. Young adult and old adult male rhesus macaques were subjected to either 30 % CR for 5-7 years, or were fed a standard control diet. Analysis of the 24-h plasma testosterone profiles revealed a significant age-associated decline, but no evidence for CR-induced suppression in either the young or old males. Similarly, expression profiling of key genes associated with testosterone biosynthesis and Leydig cell maintenance showed no significant CR-induced changes in either the young or old animals. The only evidence for CR-associated negative effects on the testis was detected in the old animals at the histological level; when old CR animals were compared with their age-matched controls, there was a modest decrease in seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelium height, with a concomitant increase in the number of depleted germ cell lines. Reassuringly, data from this study and our previous study suggest that moderate CR does not negatively impact 24-h plasma testosterone profiles or testicular gene expression. Although there appear to be some minor CR-induced effects on testicular morphology in old animals, it is unclear if these would significantly compromise fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D. Sitzmann
- />Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- />Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Donald I. Brown
- />Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- />Departamento de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Vasilios T. Garyfallou
- />Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- />Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
| | - Julie A. Mattison
- />National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Translational Gerontology Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Donald K. Ingram
- />National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Translational Gerontology Branch, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
- />Nutritional Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA
| | | | - Mary Ann Ottinger
- />Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- />Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- />Department of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- />Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- />Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- />Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
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Sorwell KG, Urbanski HF. Causes and consequences of age-related steroid hormone changes: insights gained from nonhuman primates. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:1062-9. [PMID: 23796387 PMCID: PMC3883982 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Similar to humans, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are large, long-lived diurnal primates, and show similar age-related changes in the secretion of many steroid hormones, including oestradiol, testosterone, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Consequently, they represent a pragmatic animal model in which to examine the mechanisms by which these steroidal changes contribute to perturbed sleep-wake cycles and cognitive decline in the elderly. Using remote serial blood sampling, we have found the circulating levels of DHEA sulphate, as well as oestradiol and testosterone, decline markedly in old monkeys. Furthermore, using the real-time polymerase chain reaction, we have shown that the genes for the enzymes associated with the conversion of DHEA to oestradiol and testosterone (3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and aromatase) are highly expressed in brain areas associated with cognition and behaviour, including the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala. Taken together, these findings suggest that the administration of supplementary DHEA in the elderly may have therapeutic potential for cognitive and behavioural disorders, although with fewer negative side effects outside of the central nervous system. To test this, we have developed a novel steroid supplementation paradigm for use in old animals; this involves the oral administration of DHEA and testosterone at physiologically relevant times of the day to mimic the circadian hormone patterns observed in young adults. We are currently evaluating the efficacy of this steroid supplementation paradigm with respect to reversing age-associated disorders, including perturbed sleep-wake cycles and cognitive decline, as well as an impaired immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Sorwell
- Departments of Neuroscience and Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Circadian rhythm of TSH levels in subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aging Clin Exp Res 2013; 25:153-7. [PMID: 23739900 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-013-0025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The circadian rhythm of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease was measured by means of a case-control study. METHODS Serum samples from cases and controls were collected continuously for 2 days, and then once every 2 h (even number time-point during the first day and odd number time-point in the second). TSH was detected by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS AD patients had no significant circadian rhythm in serum TSH levels, whereas normal controls did. In normal controls, serum TSH levels from 19:00 to 20:00 were the lowest (19:00, 3.89 ± 0.97 mIU/L; 20:00, 3.76 ± 0.84 mIU/L) and those in the period 2:00-4:00 were the highest (2:00, 6.15 ± 0.94 mIU/L; 3:00, 6.32 ± 1.04 mIU/L; 4:00, 6.39 ± 1.13 mIU/L; F = 6.762, df = 23, P = 0.002). However, in AD patients, 24-h serum TSH levels were 3.80-4.03 mIU/L (F = 0.897, df = 23, P = 0.996). At the 24 time-points, except for the four time-points from 16:00 to 19:00, TSH levels in AD patients were significantly lower than those in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS The circadian rhythm of serum TSH levels in AD patients did not appear, and their serum TSH levels were significantly lower than those in normal controls. SIGNIFICANCE The circadian rhythm in serum TSH levels in AD patients differs greatly from that of the general population.
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Urbanski HF, Mattison JA, Roth GS, Ingram DK. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) as an endocrine marker of aging in calorie restriction studies. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1136-9. [PMID: 23318475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), is generally regarded as being a reliable endocrine marker of aging, because in humans and nonhuman primates its circulating concentrations are very high during young adulthood, and the concentrations then decline markedly during aging. Despite promising results from early studies, we were recently surprised to find that caloric restriction (CR) did little to prevent or delay the decline of DHEAS concentrations in old rhesus macaques. Here we summarize the use of circulating DHEAS concentrations as a biomarker of aging in CR studies and suggest reasons for its limited value. Although DHEAS can reliably predict aging in animals maintained on a standard diet, dietary manipulations may affect liver enzymes involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones. Consequently, in CR studies the reliability of using DHEAS as a biomarker of aging may be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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28
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Sorwell KG, Garten J, Renner L, Weiss A, Garyfallou VT, Kohama SG, Neuringer M, Urbanski HF. Hormone supplementation during aging: how much and when? Rejuvenation Res 2012; 15:128-31. [PMID: 22533414 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, a major adrenal steroid, show a marked age-related decrease in both humans and nonhuman primates. Because this decrease has been implicated in age-related cognitive decline, we administered supplementary dehydroepiandrosterone to perimenopausal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to test for cognitive benefits. Although recognition memory improved, there was no benefit to spatial working memory. To address the limitations of this study we developed a hormone supplementation regimen in aged male macaques that more accurately replicates the 24-hr androgen profiles of young animals. We hypothesize that this more comprehensive physiological hormone replacement paradigm will enhance cognitive function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Sorwell
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97006, USA
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Varlamov O, White AE, Carroll JM, Bethea CL, Reddy A, Slayden O, O'Rourke RW, Roberts CT. Androgen effects on adipose tissue architecture and function in nonhuman primates. Endocrinology 2012; 153:3100-10. [PMID: 22547568 PMCID: PMC3380299 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The differential association of hypoandrogenism in men and hyperandrogenism in women with insulin resistance and obesity suggests that androgens may exert sex-specific effects on adipose and other tissues, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Moreover, recent studies also suggest that rodents and humans may respond differently to androgen imbalance. To achieve better insight into clinically relevant sex-specific mechanisms of androgen action, we used nonhuman primates to investigate the direct effects of gonadectomy and hormone replacement on white adipose tissue. We also employed a novel ex vivo approach that provides a convenient framework for understanding of adipose tissue physiology under a controlled tissue culture environment. In vivo androgen deprivation of males did not result in overt obesity or insulin resistance but did induce the appearance of very small, multilocular white adipocytes. Testosterone replacement restored normal cell size and a unilocular phenotype and stimulated adipogenic gene transcription and improved insulin sensitivity of male adipose tissue. Ex vivo studies demonstrated sex-specific effects of androgens on adipocyte function. Female adipose tissue treated with androgens displayed elevated basal but reduced insulin-dependent fatty acid uptake. Androgen-stimulated basal uptake was greater in adipose tissue of ovariectomized females than in adipose tissue of intact females and ovariectomized females replaced with estrogen and progesterone in vivo. Collectively, these data demonstrate that androgens are essential for normal adipogenesis in males and can impair essential adipocyte functions in females, thus strengthening the experimental basis for sex-specific effects of androgens in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Varlamov
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA
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30
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Melatonin Antioxidative Defense: Therapeutical Implications for Aging and Neurodegenerative Processes. Neurotox Res 2012; 23:267-300. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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