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Romagnoli S, Krekeler N, de Cramer K, Kutzler M, McCarthy R, Schaefer-Somi S. WSAVA guidelines for the control of reproduction in dogs and cats. J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:424-559. [PMID: 38804079 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- S Romagnoli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Viale dell'Università 16, University of Padova, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
| | - N Krekeler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K de Cramer
- Department of Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Kutzler
- Dept of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 112 Withycombe Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - R McCarthy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, United States
| | - S Schaefer-Somi
- Center for Reproduction, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria
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2
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Bliard L, Paniw M, Childs DZ, Ozgul A. Population Dynamic Consequences of Context-Dependent Trade-Offs across Life Histories. Am Nat 2024; 203:681-694. [PMID: 38781530 DOI: 10.1086/730111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
AbstractTrade-offs are central to life history theory and play a role in driving life history diversity. They arise from a finite amount of resources that need to be allocated among different functions by an organism. Yet covariation of demographic rates among individuals frequently do not reflect allocation trade-offs because of variation in resource acquisition. The covariation of traits among individuals can thus vary with the environment and often increases in benign environments. Surprisingly, little is known about how such context-dependent expression of trade-offs among individuals affect population dynamics across species with different life histories. To study their influence on population stability, we develop an individual-based simulation where covariation in demographic rates varies with the environment. We use it to simulate population dynamics for various life histories across the slow-fast pace-of-life continuum. We found that the population dynamics of slower life histories are relatively more sensitive to changes in covariation, regardless of the trade-off considered. Additionally, we found that the impact on population stability depends on which trade-off is considered, with opposite effects of intraindividual and intergenerational trade-offs. Last, the expression of different trade-offs can feed back to influence generation time through selection acting on individual heterogeneity within cohorts, ultimately affecting population dynamics.
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3
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Stazione L, Norry FM, Sambucetti P. Do Longevity and Fecundity Change by Selection on Mating Success at Elevated Temperature? Correlated Selection Responses in Drosophila buzzatii. Evol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Urfer SR, Kaeberlein M, Promislow DEL, Creevy KE. Lifespan of companion dogs seen in three independent primary care veterinary clinics in the United States. Canine Med Genet 2020; 7:7. [PMID: 32835231 PMCID: PMC7386164 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-020-00086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The privately owned companion dog is an emerging model in comparative medicine, notably because it shares the human environment including its risk factors, is affected by many analogous age-related diseases, receives comparable medical care, and has excellent veterinary medical data available. Past studies of dog lifespan have used academic, corporate or insurance data. While independent primary care data exist for the UK, none have as of yet been published for the US. This study analyzed data from three independent primary care US veterinary hospitals and identified factors that influence lifespan and mortality in a cohort of n = 20,970 privately owned dogs using Kaplan-Meier survival estimators and Cox Proportional Hazards modelling, including body size as a covariate. Results As previously reported, body size was negatively correlated with lifespan. Gonadectomy was associated with a longer lifespan, with the effect being stronger in females than in males. This lifespan advantage was conserved in gonadectomized female dogs that lived to at least ages 5 and 8 years. We did not find significant differences in lifespan between purebred and mixed breed dogs; however, breeds with larger effective population sizes and/or lower inbreeding coefficients had median survival times 3–6 months longer than breeds with smaller effective population sizes or higher inbreeding coefficients, indicating that these measures of genetic diversity may be affecting breed lifespans. We also found that dog breeds belonging to the “Mountain” ancestral group had median survival times that were 3.5–4.6 years shorter than other purebred dog groups, which remained significant even when correcting for body size. Conclusions Our findings show that it is possible to obtain and analyze data from independent veterinary clinics in the US, an approach that could be useful for studies of comparative epidemiology under the One Health and One Welfare paradigms. We also show that the lifespan effects of gonadectomy are not identical between the sexes and should be investigated separately by sex in future analyses. More research is needed to further clarify the influence of age at gonadectomy, as well as the factors leading to the observed differences in lifespan in the “Mountain” ancestral group and in dog breeds of varying inbreeding coefficients and effective population sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvan R Urfer
- Dog Aging Project, Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Dog Aging Project, Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Dog Aging Project, Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Kate E Creevy
- Dog Aging Project, Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
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5
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Cohen AA, Coste CFD, Li X, Bourg S, Pavard S. Are trade‐offs really the key drivers of ageing and life span? Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de recherche PRIMUS Department of Family Medicine University of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Christophe F. D. Coste
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Unité Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS 7206 Université Paris Diderot Paris France
| | - Xiang‐Yi Li
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Salomé Bourg
- CNRS Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR5558 Université Lyon 1 Villeurbanne France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Unité Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CNRS 7206 Université Paris Diderot Paris France
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6
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Landes J, Henry P, Hardy I, Perret M, Pavard S. Female reproduction bears no survival cost in captivity for gray mouse lemurs. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:6189-6198. [PMID: 31236213 PMCID: PMC6580269 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival cost of reproduction has been revealed in many free-ranging vertebrates. However, recent studies on captive populations failed to detect this cost. Theoretically, this lack of survival/reproduction trade-off is expected when resources are not limiting, but these studies may have failed to detect the cost, as they may not have fully accounted for potential confounding effects, in particular interindividual heterogeneity. Here, we investigated the effects of current and past reproductive effort on later survival in captive females of a small primate, the gray mouse lemur. Survival analyses showed no cost of reproduction in females; and the pattern was even in the opposite direction: the higher the reproductive effort, the higher the chances of survival until the next reproductive event. These conclusions hold even while accounting for interindividual heterogeneity. In agreement with aforementioned studies on captive vertebrates, these results remind us that reproduction is expected to be traded against body maintenance and the survival prospect only when resources are so limiting that they induce an allocation trade-off. Thus, the cost of reproduction has a major extrinsic component driven by environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Landes
- Eco‐Anthropologie, UMR 7206CNRS, MNHN, Univ. Paris DiderotParisFrance
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des SciencesUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Pierre‐Yves Henry
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
| | - Martine Perret
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV ‐ UMR 7179)CNRS, MNHNBrunoyFrance
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Eco‐Anthropologie, UMR 7206CNRS, MNHN, Univ. Paris DiderotParisFrance
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7
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Hoffman JM, O'Neill DG, Creevy KE, Austad SN. Do Female Dogs Age Differently Than Male Dogs? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:150-156. [PMID: 28472238 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans, as well as their closest ancestors, the higher African primates, exhibit female-biased survival and multiple sex differences in causes of death. However, the effects of sex on aging and longevity in an excellent model of human health, the companion dog, have not been well explored. Using two large independent databases on companion dog longevity and causes of death, we performed the most extensive analysis of sex differences in dog aging to date. Unlike the findings in humans, we observed only a small effect of sex on canine longevity. When broken down by neutering status, we discovered a small male advantage in survival among intact dogs but a clear female survival advantage among neutered dogs. Overall, the effect of neutering on life span was greater than the effect of sex. However, we found few sex differences in causes of death in either intact or neutered dogs. The results of this study suggest limited sex effects on either longevity or causes of death in the companion dog. Our analysis suggests that the majority of apparent sex differences in the wider canine populations may be due to the effects of neutering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan G O'Neill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Science, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Kate E Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
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8
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Association of cancer-related mortality, age and gonadectomy in golden retriever dogs at a veterinary academic center (1989-2016). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192578. [PMID: 29408871 PMCID: PMC5800597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Golden retriever dogs have been reported to have an increased prevalence of cancer compared to other breeds. There is also controversy over the effect spay or neuter status might have on longevity and the risk for developing cancer. The electronic medical records system at an academic center was searched for all dogs who had a necropsy exam from 1989–2016. 9,677 canine necropsy examinations were completed of which 655 were golden retrievers. Age was known for 652 with a median age of death 9.15 years. 424 of the 652 (65.0%) were determined to have died because of cancer. The median age for dying of a cause other than cancer was 6.93 years while those dying of cancer had a median age of 9.83 years (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of intact males and castrated males dying of cancer (p = 0.43) but a greater proportion of spayed females died of cancer compared to intact females (p = 0.001). Intact female dogs had shorter life spans than spayed female dogs (p<0.0001), but there were no differences between intact and castrated males. Intriguingly, being spayed or neutered did not affect the risk of a cancer related death but increasing age did. The most common histologic diagnosis found in golden retrievers dying of cancer was hemangiosarcoma (22.64%) followed by lymphoid neoplasia (18.40%). Overall golden retriever dogs have a substantial risk of cancer related mortality in a referral population and age appears to have a larger effect on cancer related mortality than reproductive status.
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9
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Tidière M, Lemaître JF, Douay G, Whipple M, Gaillard JM. High reproductive effort is associated with decreasing mortality late in life in captive ruffed lemurs. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Tidière
- Université de Lyon; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; Villeurbanne France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Université de Lyon; Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive; Villeurbanne France
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10
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Landes J, Perret M, Hardy I, Camarda CG, Henry PY, Pavard S. State transitions: a major mortality risk for seasonal species. Ecol Lett 2017. [PMID: 28635125 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing results from the accumulation of multifactorial damage over time. However, the temporal distribution of this damage remains unknown. In seasonal species, transitions between seasons are critical periods of massive physiological remodelling. We hypothesised that these recurrent peaks of physiological remodelling are costly in terms of survival. We tested whether captive small primates exposed to an experimentally increased frequency of seasonal transitions die sooner than individuals living under natural seasonality. The results show that experiencing one additional season per year increases the mortality hazard by a factor of 3 to 4, whereas the expected number of seasons lived is only slightly impacted by the seasonal rhythm. These results demonstrate that physiological transitions between periods of high and low metabolic activity represent a major mortality risk for seasonal organisms, which has been ignored until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Landes
- Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, UMR 7206 CNRS, MNHN, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Universités, Musée de l'Homme, 17 place du Trocadéro, 75016, Paris, France.,Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Universités, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Martine Perret
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Universités, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Universités, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | | | - Pierre-Yves Henry
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR 7179 CNRS, MNHN, Sorbonne Universités, 1 avenue du Petit Château, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Samuel Pavard
- Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, UMR 7206 CNRS, MNHN, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Universités, Musée de l'Homme, 17 place du Trocadéro, 75016, Paris, France
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11
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Adams VJ, Watson P, Carmichael S, Gerry S, Penell J, Morgan DM. Exceptional longevity and potential determinants of successful ageing in a cohort of 39 Labrador retrievers: results of a prospective longitudinal study. Acta Vet Scand 2016; 58:29. [PMID: 27169845 PMCID: PMC4863359 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to describe the longevity and causes of mortality in 39 (12 males, 27 females) pedigree adult neutered Labrador retrievers with a median age of 6.5 years at the start of the study and kept under similar housing and management conditions. Body condition score was maintained between two and four on a 5-point scale by varying food allowances quarterly. The impact of change in body weight (BW) and body composition on longevity was analysed using linear mixed models with random slopes and intercepts. RESULTS On 31 July 2014, 10 years after study start, dogs were classified into three lifespan groups: 13 (33 %) Expected (≥9 to ≤12.9 years), 15 (39 %) Long (≥13 to ≤15.5 years) and 11 (28 %) Exceptional (≥15.6 years) with five still alive. Gender and age at neutering were not associated with longevity (P ≥ 0.06). BW increased similarly for all lifespan groups up to age 9, thereafter, from 9 to 13 years, Exceptional dogs gained and Long-lifespan dogs lost weight (P = 0.007). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometer scans revealed that absolute fat mass increase was slower to age 13 for Long compared with Expected lifespan dogs (P = 0.003) whilst all groups lost a similar amount of absolute lean mass (P > 0.05). Percent fat increase and percent lean loss were slower, whilst the change in fat:lean was smaller, in both the Exceptional and Long lifespan compared with Expected dogs to age 13 (P ≤ 0.02). Total bone mineral density was significantly lower for Expected compared to Exceptional and Long lifespan dogs (P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that life-long maintenance of lean body mass and attenuated accumulation of body fat were key factors in achieving a longer lifespan. The results suggest that a combination of a high quality plane of nutrition with appropriate husbandry and healthcare are important in obtaining a greater than expected proportion of Labrador retrievers living well beyond that of the expected breed lifespan: 89.7 % (95 % CI 74.8-96.7 %) dogs were alive at 12 years of age and 28.2 % (95 % CI 15.6-45.1 %) reaching an exceptional lifespan of ≥15.6 years.
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12
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Sambucetti P, Loeschcke V, Norry FM. Patterns of longevity and fecundity at two temperatures in a set of heat-selected recombinant inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Biogerontology 2015; 16:801-10. [PMID: 26404666 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for longevity and fecundity at two temperatures, 20 and 30 °C, in two sets of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) highly differing in thermotolerance. Early fecundity (EF) and longevity showed a negative association between temperatures. For instance, longevity was higher and fecundity was lower in the RIL panel showing higher life span at 30 °C. One X-linked QTL (7B3-12E) co-localized for longevity and EF at 20 °C, with one QTL allele showing a positive additive effect on longevity and a negative effect on EF. The across-RIL genetic correlation between longevity and EF was not significant within each temperature, and most QTL that affect life span have no effect on EF at each temperature. EF and longevity can mostly be genetically uncoupled in the thermotolerance-divergent RIL within each temperature as opposed to between temperatures. QTL were mostly temperature specific, although some trait-specific QTL showed possible antagonistic effects between temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sambucetti
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), C-1428-EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - V Loeschcke
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Building 1540, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F M Norry
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires - IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), C-1428-EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Gilmore KM, Greer KA. Why is the dog an ideal model for aging research? Exp Gerontol 2015; 71:14-20. [PMID: 26325590 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With many caveats to the traditional vertebrate species pertaining to biogerontology investigations, it has been suggested that a most informative model is the one which: 1) examines closely related species, or various members of the same species with naturally occurring lifespan variation, 2) already has adequate medical procedures developed, 3) has a well annotated genome, 4) does not require artificial housing, and can live in its natural environment while being investigated, and 5) allows considerable information to be gathered within a relatively short period of time. The domestic dog unsurprisingly fits each criterion mentioned. The dog has already become a key model system in which to evaluate surgical techniques and novel medications because of the remarkable similarity between human and canine conditions, treatments, and response to therapy. The dog naturally serves as a disease model for study, obviating the need to construct artificial genetically modified examples of disease. Just as the dog offers a natural model for human conditions and diseases, simple observation leads to the conclusion that the canine aging phenotype also mimics that of the human. Genotype information, biochemical information pertaining to the GH/IGF-1 pathway, and some limited longitudinal investigations have begun the establishment of the domestic dog as a model of aging. Although we find that dogs indeed are a model to study aging and there are many independent pieces of canine aging data, there are many more "open" areas, ripe for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiva M Gilmore
- Prairie View A&M University, PO Box 512, MS 2210, Prairie View, TX 77446, United States
| | - Kimberly A Greer
- Prairie View A&M University, PO Box 512, MS 2210, Prairie View, TX 77446, United States.
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Hans H, Lone A, Aksenov V, Rollo CD. Impacts of metformin and aspirin on life history features and longevity of crickets: trade-offs versus cost-free life extension? AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:31. [PMID: 25833406 PMCID: PMC4382469 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
We examined the impacts of aspirin and metformin on the life history of the cricket Acheta domesticus (growth rate, maturation time, mature body size, survivorship, and maximal longevity). Both drugs significantly increased survivorship and maximal life span. Maximal longevity was 136 days for controls, 188 days (138 % of controls) for metformin, and 194 days (143 % of controls) for aspirin. Metformin and aspirin in combination extended longevity to a lesser degree (163 days, 120 % of controls). Increases in general survivorship were even more pronounced, with low-dose aspirin yielding mean longevity 234 % of controls (i.e., health span). Metformin strongly reduced growth rates of both genders (<60 % of controls), whereas aspirin only slightly reduced the growth rate of females and slightly increased that of males. Both drugs delayed maturation age relative to controls, but metformin had a much greater impact (>140 % of controls) than aspirin (~118 % of controls). Crickets maturing on low aspirin showed no evidence of a trade-off between maturation mass and life extension. Remarkably, by 100 days of age, aspirin-treated females were significantly larger than controls (largely reflecting egg complement). Unlike the reigning dietary restriction paradigm, low aspirin conformed to a paradigm of "eat more, live longer." In contrast, metformin-treated females were only ~67 % of the mass of controls. Our results suggest that hormetic agents like metformin may derive significant trade-offs with life extension, whereas health and longevity benefits may be obtained with less cost by agents like aspirin that regulate geroprotective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvir Hans
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Asad Lone
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Vadim Aksenov
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - C. David Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, 226 Life Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
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15
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Haeler E, Fiedler K, Grill A. What prolongs a butterfly's life?: Trade-offs between dormancy, fecundity and body size. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111955. [PMID: 25390334 PMCID: PMC4229126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In butterflies, life span often increases only at the expense of fecundity. Prolonged life span, on the other hand, provides more opportunities for oviposition. Here, we studied the association between life span and summer dormancy in two closely related species of Palearctic Meadow Brown butterflies, the endemic Maniola nurag and the widespread M. jurtina, from two climatic provenances, a Mediterranean and a Central European site, and tested the relationships between longevity, body size and fecundity. We experimentally induced summer dormancy and hence prolonged the butterflies’ life in order to study the effects of such a prolonged life. We were able to modulate longevity only in Mediterranean females by rearing them under summer photoperiodic conditions (light 16 h : dark 8 h), thereby more than doubling their natural life span, to up to 246 days. Central European individuals kept their natural average live span under all treatments, as did Mediterranean individuals under autumn treatment (light 11: dark 13). Body size only had a significant effect in the smaller species, M. nurag, where it affected the duration of dormancy and lifetime fecundity. In the larger species, M. jurtina, a prolonged adult life span did, surprisingly, not convey any fecundity loss. In M. nurag, which generally deposited fewer eggs, extended life had a fecundity cost. We conclude that Mediterranen M. jurtina butterflies have an extraordinary plasticity in aging which allows them to extend life span in response to adverse environmental conditions and relieve the time limitation on egg-laying while maintaining egg production at equal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Haeler
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Fiedler
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Grill
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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16
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Waters DJ. Longevity in pet dogs: understanding what's missing. Vet J 2013; 200:3-5. [PMID: 24461205 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J Waters
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and the Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, Center for Exceptional Longevity Studies, Gerald P. Murphy Cancer Foundation, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
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