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Cecchin-Albertoni C, Deny O, Planat-Bénard V, Guissard C, Paupert J, Vaysse F, Marty M, Casteilla L, Monsarrat P, Kémoun P. The oral organ: A new vision of the mouth as a whole for a gerophysiological approach to healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102360. [PMID: 38821417 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This article brings a new perspective on oral physiology by presenting the oral organ as an integrated entity within the entire organism and its surrounding environment. Rather than considering the mouth solely as a collection of discrete functions, this novel approach emphasizes its role as a dynamic interphase, supporting interactions between the body and external factors. As a resilient ecosystem, the equilibrium of mouth ecological niches is the result of a large number of interconnected factors including the heterogeneity of different oral structures, diversity of resources, external and internal pressures and biological actors. The manuscript seeks to deepen the understanding of age-related changes within the oral cavity and throughout the organism, aligning with the evolving field of gerophysiology. The strategic position and fundamental function of the mouth make it an invaluable target for early prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and even reversal of aging effects throughout the entire organism. Recognizing the oral cavity capacity for sensory perception, element capture and information processing underscores its vital role in continuous health monitoring. Overall, this integrated understanding of the oral physiology aims at advancing comprehensive approaches to the oral healthcare and promoting broader awareness of its implications on the overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cecchin-Albertoni
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France; RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Deny
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France; RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Planat-Bénard
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Guissard
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France; RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jenny Paupert
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Vaysse
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Marty
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France; LIRDEF, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Paul Valery University, Montpellier CEDEX 5 34199, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Monsarrat
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France; RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France; Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute ANITI, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Kémoun
- Oral Medicine Department and CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse Institute of Oral Medicine and Science, Toulouse, France; RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, ENVT, Université P. Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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2
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Song EAC, Chung SH, Kim JH. Molecular mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12969. [PMID: 38192116 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The exocrine salivary gland secretes saliva, a fundamental body component to maintain oral homeostasis. Saliva is composed of water, ions, and proteins such as amylase, mucins, and immunoglobulins that play essential roles in the digestion of food, lubrication, and prevention of dental caries and periodontitis. An increasing number of people experience saliva hyposecretion due to aging, medications, Sjögren's syndrome, and radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. However, current treatments are mostly limited to temporary symptomatic relief. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying saliva secretion and hyposecretion to provide insight into putative therapeutic targets for treatment. Proteins implicated in saliva secretion pathways, including Ca2+ -signaling proteins, aquaporins, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors, and tight junctions, are aberrantly expressed and localized in patients with saliva hyposecretion, such as Sjögren's syndrome. Analysis of studies on the mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion suggests that crosstalk between fluid and protein secretory pathways via Ca2+ /protein kinase C and cAMP/protein kinase A regulates saliva secretion. Impaired crosstalk between the two secretory pathways may contribute to saliva hyposecretion. Future research into the detailed regulatory mechanisms of saliva secretion and hyposecretion may provide information to define novel targets and generate therapeutic strategies for saliva hyposecretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sul-Hee Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abdul-Azees PA, Wang H, Chun YHP, Pizzini J, Dean DD, Reveles KR, Marinkovic M, Chen XD, Salmon AB, Yeh CK. Changes in oral health during aging in a novel non-human primate model. GeroScience 2024; 46:1909-1926. [PMID: 37775702 PMCID: PMC10828187 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health plays a significant role in the quality of life and overall well-being of the aging population. However, age-related changes in oral health are not well understood due to challenges with current animal models. In this study, we analyzed the oral health and microbiota of a short-lived non-human primate (i.e., marmoset), as a step towards establishing a surrogate for studying the changes that occur in oral health during human aging. We investigated the oral health of marmosets using cadaveric tissues in three different cohorts: young (aged ≤6 years), middle-aged, and older (>10 years) and assessed the gingival bacterial community using analyses of the V3-V4 variable region of 16S rRNA gene. The oldest cohort had a significantly higher number of dental caries, increased dental attrition/erosion, and deeper periodontal pocket depth scores. Oral microbiome analyses showed that older marmosets had a significantly greater abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Propionibacterium, and a lower abundance of Agrobacterium/Rhizobium at the genus level. Alpha diversity of the microbiome between the three groups showed no significant differences; however, principal coordinate analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that samples from middle-aged and older marmosets were more closely clustered than the youngest cohort. In addition, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEFSe) identified a higher abundance of Esherichia-Shigella as a potential pathogenic biomarker in older animals. Our findings confirm that changes in the oral microbiome are associated with a decline in oral health in aging marmosets. The current study suggests that the marmoset model recapitulates some of the changes in oral health associated with human aging and may provide opportunities for developing new preventive strategies or interventions which target these disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveez Ahamed Abdul-Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yong-Hee P Chun
- Department of Periodontics, Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jason Pizzini
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David D Dean
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kelly R Reveles
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Pharmacotherapy Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Milos Marinkovic
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chih-Ko Yeh
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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4
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Sirisereephap K, Tamura H, Lim JH, Surboyo MDC, Isono T, Hiyoshi T, Rosenkranz AL, Sato-Yamada Y, Domon H, Ikeda A, Hirose T, Sunazuka T, Yoshiba N, Okada H, Terao Y, Maeda T, Tabeta K, Chavakis T, Hajishengallis G, Maekawa T. A novel macrolide-Del-1 axis to regenerate bone in old age. iScience 2024; 27:108798. [PMID: 38261928 PMCID: PMC10797555 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased susceptibility to chronic inflammatory bone loss disorders, such as periodontitis, in large part due to the impaired regenerative potential of aging tissues. DEL-1 exerts osteogenic activity and promotes bone regeneration. However, DEL-1 expression declines with age. Here we show that systemically administered macrolide antibiotics and a non-antibiotic erythromycin derivative, EM-523, restore DEL-1 expression in 18-month-old ("aged") mice while promoting regeneration of bone lost due to naturally occurring age-related periodontitis. These compounds failed to induce bone regeneration in age-matched DEL-1-deficient mice. Consequently, these drugs promoted DEL-1-dependent functions, including alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene expression in the periodontal tissue while inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, leading to net bone growth. Macrolide-treated aged mice exhibited increased skeletal bone mass, suggesting that this treatment may be pertinent to systemic bone loss disorders. In conclusion, we identified a macrolide-DEL-1 axis that can regenerate bone lost due to aging-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kridtapat Sirisereephap
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Jong-Hyung Lim
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
| | - Toshihito Isono
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takumi Hiyoshi
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Andrea L. Rosenkranz
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yurie Sato-Yamada
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Akari Ikeda
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirose
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sunazuka
- Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Laboratory of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Takeyasu Maeda
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Center for Advanced Oral Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Weintraub J, Kaeberlein M, Perissinotto C, Atchison K, Chen X, D’Souza R, Feine J, Ghezzi E, Kirkwood K, Ryder M, Slashcheva L, Touger-Decker R, Wu B, Kapila Y. Geroscience: Aging and Oral Health Research. Adv Dent Res 2023; 31:2-15. [PMID: 37933846 PMCID: PMC10767691 DOI: 10.1177/08959374231200840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Research in aging has significantly advanced; scientists are now able to identify interventions that slow the biologic aging processes (i.e., the "hallmarks of aging"), thus delaying the onset and progression of multiple diseases, including oral conditions. Presentations given during the 3-part session "Geroscience: Aging and Oral Health Research," held during the 2023 American Association for Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research meeting, are summarized in this publication. Speakers' topics spanned the translational research spectrum. Session 1 provided an overview of the geroscience and health span (disease-free and functional health throughout life) concepts. The common molecular mechanisms between oral cancer and aging were discussed, and research was presented that showed periodontal microflora as a potential factor in Alzheimer's disease progression. Session 2 focused on behavioral and social science aspects of aging and their oral health significance. The keynote provided evidence that loneliness and isolation can have major health effects. These social conditions, along with poor oral health, tooth loss, and cognitive decline, could potentially affect healthy eating ability and systemic health in older adults. Research could help elucidate the directions and pathways connecting these seemingly disparate conditions. Session 3 focused on the delivery of oral care in different settings and the many barriers to access care faced by older adults. Research is needed to identify and implement effective technology and strategies to improve access to dental care, including new delivery and financing mechanisms, workforce models, interprofessional provider education and practice, and use of big data from medical-dental integration of electronic health records. Research to improve the "oral health span," reduce oral health disparities, and increase health equity must be tackled at all levels from biologic pathways to social determinants of health and health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Weintraub
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M. Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C. Perissinotto
- Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K.A. Atchison
- Section of Public and Population Health, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X. Chen
- Division of Restorative and Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - J.S. Feine
- Population Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - E.M. Ghezzi
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences & Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K.L. Kirkwood
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Head & Neck/Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M. Ryder
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L.D. Slashcheva
- Apple Tree Dental, Research Director, Innovations Team, Corporate Office, Fergus Falls, MN, USA
| | - R. Touger-Decker
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, School of Health Professions, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - B. Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Y. Kapila
- Biosystems and Function and Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Impact of Age and Sex on Electrical Impedance Values in Healthy Oral Mucosa. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9100592. [DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Electrical impedance (EI) is a property of all living tissues and represents the resistance to the electric current flow through a living tissue. EI depends on the structure and chemical composition of the tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of age, sex, and electrode pressure on the EI values of healthy oral mucosa. The study involved 101 participants with healthy oral mucosa who were divided into three age groups. EI was measured in seven anatomical regions. Results: Significant differences between different age groups were found. Younger participants (20–40 years) had significantly higher EI values than the older participants (60+). Significantly higher EI values were found in women at all localisations at all measured frequencies, except on the hard palate. EI values measured with higher sub-pressure were significantly lower than values measured with lower sub-pressure at all frequencies and localisations, except the tongue dorsum, tongue border, and sublingual mucosa. Conclusions: This study found that EI values in healthy oral mucosa depend on age and sex and may also depend on the pressure of the measuring device. These factors should be kept in mind when EI is used as a diagnostic method for different oral lesions.
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Oral Health of Elderly People in Institutionalized Care and Three-Month Rehabilitation Programme in Southern Poland: A Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19094994. [PMID: 35564391 PMCID: PMC9105158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Demographic ageing is a global growing process and the quality of ageing is an important parameter in this process. The aim of the study was to analyse the distribution of remaining dentition in relation to oral hygiene indicators among elderly people remaining in institutional care and those who participated in a 3-month rehabilitation program, aimed at increasing time of independent functioning, in southern Poland. The patients underwent a questionnaire and clinical examination. An analysis of missing teeth was performed, plaque index, and gingival index were measured. Residents of the Municipal Health Centre for Older and Dependent People (n = 50) had a higher incidence of missing teeth in the maxilla (88.4%), mandible (77.6%), as well as in the maxilla and mandible combined (83%) than residents of the Daily Medical Care House (n = 30). The distribution of the remaining teeth, in both groups, corresponds to the outlets of the large salivary glands. The group of 53.8% of patients with dry mouth had PI scored 3. Residents with dry mouth were more likely to have plaque deposits and gingival inflammation. It is necessary to develop and implement an oral care program for patients with reduced saliva secretion, with a particular focus on dependents.
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Hayakawa Y, Suita K, Ohnuki Y, Mototani Y, Ishikawa M, Ito A, Nariyama M, Morii A, Kiyomoto K, Tsunoda M, Matsuo I, Kawahara H, Okumura S. Vidarabine, an anti-herpes agent, prevents occlusal-disharmony-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:2. [PMID: 35148678 PMCID: PMC10717220 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00826-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a positive relationship between occlusal disharmony and cardiovascular disease via activation of β-adrenergic signaling in mice. Furthermore, inhibition of type 5 adenylyl cyclase (AC5), a major cardiac subtype in adults, protects the heart against oxidative stress. Here, we examined the role of AC5 in the development of occlusal-disharmony-induced cardiovascular disease in bite-opening (BO) mice, prepared by cementing a suitable appliance onto the mandibular incisor. We first examined the effects of BO treatment on cardiac function in mice treated or not treated for 2 weeks with vidarabine, which we previously identified as an inhibitor of cardiac AC. Cardiac function was significantly decreased in the BO group compared to the control group, but vidarabine ameliorated the dysfunction. Cardiac fibrosis, myocyte apoptosis and myocyte oxidative DNA damage were significantly increased in the BO group, but vidarabine blocked these changes. The BO-induced cardiac dysfunction was associated with increased phospholamban phosphorylation at threonine-17 and serine-16, as well as increased activation of the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II/receptor-interacting protein 3 signaling pathway. These data suggest that AC5 inhibition with vidarabine might be a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular disease associated with occlusal disharmony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hayakawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 236-8501, Japan
| | - Akinaka Morii
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kiyomoto
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Michinori Tsunoda
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawahara
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
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9
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Assessment of Changes in the Oral Microbiome That Occur in Dogs with Periodontal Disease. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120291. [PMID: 34941818 PMCID: PMC8707289 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiome in dogs is a complex community. Under some circumstances, it contributes to periodontal disease, a prevalent inflammatory disease characterized by a complex interaction between oral microbes and the immune system. Porphyromonas and Tannerella spp. are usually dominant in this disease. How the oral microbiome community is altered in periodontal disease, especially sub-dominant microbial populations is unclear. Moreover, how microbiome functions are altered in this disease has not been studied. In this study, we compared the composition and the predicted functions of the microbiome of the cavity of healthy dogs to those with from periodontal disease. The microbiome of both groups clustered separately, indicating important differences. Periodontal disease resulted in a significant increase in Bacteroidetes and reductions in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Porphyromonas abundance increased 2.7 times in periodontal disease, accompanied by increases in Bacteroides and Fusobacterium. It was predicted that aerobic respiratory processes are decreased in periodontal disease. Enrichment in fermentative processes and anaerobic glycolysis were suggestive of an anaerobic environment, also characterized by higher lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. This study contributes to a better understanding of how periodontal disease modifies the oral microbiome and makes a prediction of the metabolic pathways that contribute to the inflammatory process observed in periodontal disease.
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Zhao J, Zhou YH, Zhao YQ, Feng Y, Yan F, Gao ZR, Ye Q, Chen Y, Liu Q, Tan L, Zhang SH, Hu J, Dusenge MA, Feng YZ, Guo Y. Gender Variations in the Oral Microbiomes of Elderly Patients with Initial Periodontitis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:7403042. [PMID: 34859107 PMCID: PMC8632398 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7403042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a globally prevalent disease that imposes a functional and aesthetic burden on patients. The oral microbiome influences human health. The aim of this study was at assessing gender variation in the subgingival bacterial microbiome of elderly patients with initial periodontitis and to determine the causes of this variation. Twelve males and twenty females (range 50-68 years old) with initial periodontitis provided subgingival plaque samples. 16S rRNA gene sequencing, QIIME-based data processing, and statistical analyses were carried out using several different analytical approaches to detect differences in the oral microbiome between the two groups. Males had higher Chao1 index, observed species, and phylogenetic diversity whole tree values than females. Analysis of β-diversity indicated that the samples were reasonably divided by the gender. The linear discriminant analysis effect size showed that the most representative biomarkers were the genus Haemophilus in males, whereas the dominant bacteria in females were Campylobacter. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that predicting changes in the female oral microbiota may be related to the immune system and immune system diseases are the main factor in males. These data suggest that gender may be a differentiating factor in the microbial composition of subgingival plaques in elderly patients with initial periodontitis. These results could deepen our understanding of the role of gender in the oral microbiota present during initial periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care & Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Shao-Hui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Marie Aimee Dusenge
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011 Hunan, China
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Lee MB, Bitto A, Kaeberlein M. Proceedings from the annual University of Washington Geroscience Symposium, October 23, 2020. GeroScience 2021; 43:1585-1589. [PMID: 33791939 PMCID: PMC8012076 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The University of Washington Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Biology of Aging in conjunction with the Healthy Aging and Longevity Research Institute held its annual geroscience symposium virtually on October 23, 2020. The symposium was divided into three sessions: (I) organ aging and growth signaling, (II) neurodegeneration and metabolism, and (III) innovative approaches in geroscience and aging research. Nine speakers affiliated with the University of Washington and three invited guest speakers, predominantly trainee, and junior faculty presented their research. Here, we summarize research presented during the symposium. A geroscience special issue, of which this is a part, collects submissions from symposium presenters as well as trainees supported by the Biological Mechanisms of Healthy Aging training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA, 98195-7470, USA
| | - Alessandro Bitto
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA, 98195-7470, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Box 357470, Seattle, WA, 98195-7470, USA.
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12
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Bian M, Yu Y, Li Y, Zhou Z, Wu X, Ye X, Yu J. Upregulating the Expression of LncRNA ANRIL Promotes Osteogenesis via the miR-7-5p/IGF-1R Axis in the Inflamed Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:604400. [PMID: 33692995 PMCID: PMC7937634 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.604400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) is a base length of about 3.8 kb lncRNA, which plays an important role in several biological functions including cell proliferation, migration, and senescence. This study ascertained the role of lncRNA ANRIL in the senescence and osteogenic differentiation of inflamed periodontal ligament stem cells (iPDLSCs). Methods Healthy periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and iPDLSCs were isolated from healthy/inflamed periodontal ligament tissues, respectively. The proliferation abilities were determined by CCK-8, EdU assay, and flow cytometry (FCM). The methods of Western blot assay (WB), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity detection, and immunofluorescence staining were described to determine the biological influences of lncRNA ANRIL on iPDLSCs. Senescence-associated (SA)-β-galactosidase (gal) staining, Western blot analysis, and qRT-PCR were performed to determine cell senescence. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the binding of lncRNA ANRIL and miR-7-5-p, as well as miR-7-5p and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R). Results HPDLSCs and iPDLSCs were isolated and cultured successfully. LncRNA ANRIL and IGF-1R were declined, while miR-7-5p was upregulated in iPDLSCs compared with hPDLSCs. Overexpression of ANRIL enhanced the osteogenic protein expressions of OSX, RUNX2, ALP, and knocked down the aging protein expressions of p16, p21, p53. LncRNA ANRIL could promote the committed differentiation of iPDLSCs by sponging miR-7-5p. Upregulating miR-7-5p inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of iPDLSCs. Further analysis identified IGF-1R as a direct target of miR-7-5p. The direct binding of lncRNA ANRIL and miR-7-5p, miR-7-5p and the 3′-UTR of IGF-1R were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Besides, rescue experiments showed that knockdown of miR-7-5p reversed the inhibitory effect of lncRNA ANRIL deficiency on osteogenesis of iPDLSCs. Conclusion This study disclosed that lncRNA ANRIL promotes osteogenic differentiation of iPDLSCs by regulating the miR-7-5p/IGF-1R axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Bian
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaying Ye
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Einhorn OM, Georgiou K, Tompa A. Salivary dysfunction caused by medication usage. Physiol Int 2020; 107:195-208. [PMID: 32750027 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A considerable number of patients arriving in dental offices are being treated with ongoing medication for a variety of chronic diseases. As a result, dentists must be familiar with the potential side effects these therapeutic agents may have on the tissues of the oral cavity, and in particular on the salivary gland. Salivary gland function may be altered by a wide range of medications, leading to effects such as xerostomia, hyposalivation, hypersalivation or even swelling of the glands. These disorders can cause a variety of other health complications. This review will focus on the most common groups of drugs responsible for salivary gland dysfunction, including psychoactive drugs, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives, and antihistamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Einhorn
- 1Private Dental Office: Dr. Einhorn, 89 Medinat Hayehudim Street, Herzliya, Israel
| | - K Georgiou
- 2Private Dental Office: Dr. Georgiou, 2-4 Makarios Avenue, Nicosia, 1065, Cyprus
| | - A Tompa
- 3Institute of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
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Sári Z, Kovács T, Csonka T, Török M, Sebő É, Toth J, Tóth D, Mikó E, Kiss B, Szeőcs D, Uray K, Karányi Z, Kovács I, Méhes G, Árkosy P, Bai P. Fecal expression of Escherichia coli lysine decarboxylase (LdcC) is downregulated in E-cadherin negative lobular breast carcinoma. Physiol Int 2020; 107:349-358. [PMID: 32692716 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by oncobiosis, the abnormal composition of the microbiome in neoplastic diseases. The biosynthetic capacity of the oncobiotic flora in breast cancer is suppressed, as suggested by metagenomic studies. The microbiome synthesizes a set of cytostatic and antimetastatic metabolites that are downregulated in breast cancer, including cadaverine, a microbiome metabolite with cytostatic properties. We set out to assess how the protein expression of constitutive lysine decarboxylase (LdcC), a key enzyme for cadaverine production, changes in the feces of human breast cancer patients (n = 35). We found that the fecal expression of Escherichia coli LdcC is downregulated in lobular cases as compared to invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) cases. Lobular breast carcinoma is characterized by low or absent expression of E-cadherin. Fecal E. coli LdcC protein expression is downregulated in E-cadherin negative breast cancer cases as compared to positive ones. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of LdcC expression in lobular and NST cases revealed that fecal E. coli LdcC protein expression might have predictive values. These data suggest that the oncobiotic transformation of the microbiome indeed leads to the downregulation of the production of cytostatic and antimetastatic metabolites. In E-cadherin negative lobular carcinoma that has a higher potential for metastasis formation, the protein levels of enzymes producing antimetastatic metabolites are downregulated. This finding represents a new route that renders lobular cases permissive for metastasis formation. Furthermore, our findings underline the role of oncobiosis in regulating metastasis formation in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zs Sári
- 1Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - T Kovács
- 1Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - T Csonka
- 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - M Török
- 3Department of Pathology, Kenézy Gyula County Hospital, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - É Sebő
- 4Kenézy Breast Center, Kenézy Gyula County Hospital, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - J Toth
- 5Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - D Tóth
- 6Department of Surgery, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, Miskolc, 3526, Hungary
| | - E Mikó
- 1Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - B Kiss
- 5Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - D Szeőcs
- 1Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - K Uray
- 1Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Zs Karányi
- 7Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - I Kovács
- 3Department of Pathology, Kenézy Gyula County Hospital, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - G Méhes
- 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - P Árkosy
- 5Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - P Bai
- 1Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,8MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.,9Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
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15
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An JY, Kerns KA, Ouellette A, Robinson L, Morris HD, Kaczorowski C, Park SI, Mekvanich T, Kang A, McLean JS, Cox TC, Kaeberlein M. Rapamycin rejuvenates oral health in aging mice. eLife 2020; 9:e54318. [PMID: 32342860 PMCID: PMC7220376 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an age-associated disorder clinically defined by periodontal bone loss, inflammation of the specialized tissues that surround and support the tooth, and microbiome dysbiosis. Currently, there is no therapy for reversing periodontal disease, and treatment is generally restricted to preventive measures or tooth extraction. The FDA-approved drug rapamycin slows aging and extends lifespan in multiple organisms, including mice. Here, we demonstrate that short-term treatment with rapamycin rejuvenates the aged oral cavity of elderly mice, including regeneration of periodontal bone, attenuation of gingival and periodontal bone inflammation, and revertive shift of the oral microbiome toward a more youthful composition. This provides a geroscience strategy to potentially rejuvenate oral health and reverse periodontal disease in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y An
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Kristopher A Kerns
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Center of Excellence in Maternal and Child Health, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | - So-Il Park
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Title Mekvanich
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Alex Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jeffrey S McLean
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Periodontics, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Research InstituteSeattleUnited States
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
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16
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An JY, Kerns KA, Ouellette A, Robinson L, Morris HD, Kaczorowski C, Park SI, Mekvanich T, Kang A, McLean JS, Cox TC, Kaeberlein M. Rapamycin rejuvenates oral health in aging mice. eLife 2020. [PMID: 32342860 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54318.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an age-associated disorder clinically defined by periodontal bone loss, inflammation of the specialized tissues that surround and support the tooth, and microbiome dysbiosis. Currently, there is no therapy for reversing periodontal disease, and treatment is generally restricted to preventive measures or tooth extraction. The FDA-approved drug rapamycin slows aging and extends lifespan in multiple organisms, including mice. Here, we demonstrate that short-term treatment with rapamycin rejuvenates the aged oral cavity of elderly mice, including regeneration of periodontal bone, attenuation of gingival and periodontal bone inflammation, and revertive shift of the oral microbiome toward a more youthful composition. This provides a geroscience strategy to potentially rejuvenate oral health and reverse periodontal disease in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y An
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Kristopher A Kerns
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Center of Excellence in Maternal and Child Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - So-Il Park
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Title Mekvanich
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Alex Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jeffrey S McLean
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, United States
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
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17
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Lipecz A, Miller L, Kovacs I, Czakó C, Csipo T, Baffi J, Csiszar A, Tarantini S, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A, Conley S. Microvascular contributions to age-related macular degeneration (AMD): from mechanisms of choriocapillaris aging to novel interventions. GeroScience 2019; 41:813-845. [PMID: 31797238 PMCID: PMC6925092 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of the microcirculatory network plays a central role in the pathogenesis of a wide range of age-related diseases, from heart failure to Alzheimer's disease. In the eye, changes in the choroid and choroidal microcirculation (choriocapillaris) also occur with age, and these changes can play a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In order to develop novel treatments for amelioration of choriocapillaris aging and prevention of AMD, it is essential to understand the cellular and functional changes that occur in the choroid and choriocapillaris during aging. In this review, recent advances in in vivo analysis of choroidal structure and function in AMD patients and patients at risk for AMD are discussed. The pathophysiological roles of fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired resistance to molecular stressors in the choriocapillaris are also considered in terms of their contribution to the pathogenesis of AMD. The pathogenic roles of cardiovascular risk factors that exacerbate microvascular aging processes, such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity as they relate to AMD and choroid and choriocapillaris changes in patients with these cardiovascular risk factors, are also discussed. Finally, future directions and opportunities to develop novel interventions to prevent/delay AMD by targeting fundamental cellular and molecular aging processes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Lipecz
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyiregyhaza, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lauren Miller
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd. BMSB553, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Illes Kovacs
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Cecília Czakó
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Baffi
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shannon Conley
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging/Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L. Young Blvd. BMSB553, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Tryptophan metabolism is differently regulated between large and small dogs. GeroScience 2019; 42:881-896. [PMID: 31784886 PMCID: PMC7286990 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Companion dogs have recently been promoted as an animal model for the study of aging due to their similar disease profile to humans, the sophistication of health assessment and disease diagnosis, and the shared environments with their owners. In addition, dogs show an interesting life history trait pattern where smaller individuals are up to two-fold longer lived than their larger counterparts. While some of the mechanisms underlying this size and longevity trade-off are strongly suspected (i.e., growth hormone/IGF-I), there are likely a number of undiscovered mechanisms as well. Accordingly, we have completed a large-scale global metabolomic profiling of dogs encompassing a range of sizes and ages from three cities across the USA. We found a surprisingly strong location signal in the metabolome, stronger in fact than any signal related to age, breed, or sex. However, after controlling for the effects of location, tryptophan metabolism emerged as significantly associated with weight of the dogs, with small dogs having significantly higher levels of tryptophan pathway metabolites. Overall, our results point toward novel, testable hypotheses about the underlying physiological mechanisms that influence size and longevity in the companion dog and suggest that dogs may be useful in sorting out the complexities of the tryptophan metabolic network.
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Szegeczki V, Bauer B, Jüngling A, Fülöp BD, Vágó J, Perényi H, Tarantini S, Tamás A, Zákány R, Reglődi D, Juhász T. Age-related alterations of articular cartilage in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) gene-deficient mice. GeroScience 2019; 41:775-793. [PMID: 31655957 PMCID: PMC6925077 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an evolutionarly conserved neuropeptide which is produced by various neuronal and non-neuronal cells, including cartilage and bone cells. PACAP has trophic functions in tissue development, and it also plays a role in cellular and tissue aging. PACAP takes part in the regulation of chondrogenesis, which prevents insufficient cartilage formation caused by oxidative and mechanical stress. PACAP knockout (KO) mice have been shown to display early aging signs affecting several organs. In the present work, we investigated articular cartilage of knee joints in young and aged wild-type (WT) and PACAP KO mice. A significant increase in the thickness of articular cartilage was detected in aged PACAP gene-deficient mice. Amongst PACAP receptors, dominantly PAC1 receptor was expressed in WT knee joints and a remarkable decrease was found in aged PACAP KO mice. Expression of PKA-regulated transcription factors, Sox5, Sox9 and CREB, decreased both in young and aged gene deficient mice, while Sox6, collagen type II and aggrecan expressions were elevated in young but were reduced in aged PACAP KO animals. Increased expression of hyaluronan (HA) synthases and HA-binding proteins was detected parallel with an elevated presence of HA in aged PACAP KO mice. Expression of bone related collagens (I and X) was augmented in young and aged animals. These results suggest that loss of PACAP signaling results in dysregulation of cartilage matrix composition and may transform articular cartilage in a way that it becomes more prone to degenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vince Szegeczki
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Balázs Bauer
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Adél Jüngling
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Balázs Daniel Fülöp
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Judit Vágó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Helga Perényi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andrea Tamás
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Róza Zákány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Dóra Reglődi
- Department of Anatomy, PTE-MTA PACAP Research Team, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Tamás Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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Sándor S, Kubinyi E. Genetic Pathways of Aging and Their Relevance in the Dog as a Natural Model of Human Aging. Front Genet 2019; 10:948. [PMID: 31681409 PMCID: PMC6813227 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging research has experienced a burst of scientific efforts in the last decades as the growing ratio of elderly people has begun to pose an increased burden on the healthcare and pension systems of developed countries. Although many breakthroughs have been reported in understanding the cellular mechanisms of aging, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to senescence on higher biological levels are still barely understood. The dog, Canis familiaris, has already served as a valuable model of human physiology and disease. The possible role the dog could play in aging research is still an open question, although utilization of dogs may hold great promises as they naturally develop age-related cognitive decline, with behavioral and histological characteristics very similar to those of humans. In this regard, family dogs may possess unmatched potentials as models for investigations on the complex interactions between environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors that determine the course of aging. In this review, we summarize the known genetic pathways in aging and their relevance in dogs, putting emphasis on the yet barely described nature of certain aging pathways in canines. Reasons for highlighting the dog as a future aging and gerontology model are also discussed, ranging from its unique evolutionary path shared with humans, its social skills, and the fact that family dogs live together with their owners, and are being exposed to the same environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Sándor
- Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Kaeberlein M, Galvan V. Rapamycin and Alzheimer's disease: Time for a clinical trial? Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaar4289. [PMID: 30674654 PMCID: PMC6762017 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The drug rapamycin has beneficial effects in a number of animal models of neurodegeneration and aging including mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Despite its compelling preclinical record, no clinical trials have tested rapamycin or other mTOR inhibitors in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We argue that such clinical trials should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98045, USA.
| | - Veronica Galvan
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System and Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Potential Application of Ixeris dentata in the Prevention and Treatment of Aging-Induced Dry Mouth. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121989. [PMID: 30558302 PMCID: PMC6316753 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry mouth is a common complaint among the elderly population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ixeris dentata (IXD) extract on aging-induced dry mouth. We used young (two months) and aged (20 months) SD rats in our study. Using water as the vehicle, IXD extract (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was given via oral gavage to the young and aged rats for eight weeks. We found that the salivary flow rate relative to the submandibular gland weight was differently influenced by IXD extract treatment. IXD extract augmented the submandibular gland acinar cells, which are depleted during aging. In addition, the decreased salivary alpha-amylase, inositol triphosphate receptor, and aquaporin-5 in the aging rats were upregulated by IXD treatment. Free radical-induced oxidative stress in the aging rats was also alleviated in the IXD-treated group. The formation of high molecular weight complexes of protein disulfide isomerase, decreased expression of an ER chaperone (GRP78), and increased ER stress response (ATF-4, CHOP and p-JNK) in aging rats was regulated with IXD treatment, and eventually increased salivary secretions from the aging submandibular glands. These are the first data to suggest that IXD extract might ameliorate aging-associated oral dryness by regulating the ER environment.
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PAULI TP, FIGUEIREDO DDR, BARBOSA AR, CASTRO RG, MELLO ALSFD. Saúde bucal de idosos com 80 anos ou mais: condição, autopercepção e utilização de serviços odontológicos. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.08618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução Idosos mais velhos têm saúde bucal precária, procuram pouco os serviços odontológicos e apresentam autopercepção sobre saúde bucal discordante das necessidades de tratamento. Objetivo Comparar a condição e autopercepção de saúde bucal e padrão de utilização de serviços odontológicos de idosos com 80 anos ou mais de um município do sul brasileiro. Método Estudo descritivo com 59 idosos, em 2011 e 2015, no município de Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina. Foram coletados dados demográficos, uso dos serviços, Oral Health Impact Profile – 14 item, hábitos e algumas condições bucais. Resultado Em ambos os anos, constatou-se mais de 70% de idosos necessitando de prótese total superior, embora mais de 80% se apresentassem satisfeitos com dentes/próteses. Mais de 60% relataram que haviam consultado o dentista há mais de 3 anos. Houve aumento significativo da necessidade de prótese total inferior, boca seca, placa, desconforto para comer; diminuição de consulta odontológica de rotina e extração dentária. Conclusão Embora tenha havido diminuição das extrações, no período, os idosos mantiveram necessidade de prótese e relataram problemas para comer. Tais resultados reafirmam a importância da inclusão do idoso com 80 anos ou mais na rede de serviços de saúde bucal.
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Effects of a Novel Formulation on Oral Biofilm, pH Buffering, and Gingival Health in Patients with Dry Mouth. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:2748274. [PMID: 30356392 PMCID: PMC6176330 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2748274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal To identify in patients with dry mouth the effects of a novel test agent (Oral Essentials Hydrating Formula Mouthwash, Beverly Hills, CA) versus a control agent (Biotène Dry Mouth Oral Rinse, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare L.P., Moon Township, PA, USA) versus no treatment on dry mouth, plaque, salivary pH and buffering capacity, gingival health, and tooth sensitivity. Materials and Methods In this cross-over study, ten subjects with dry mouth used test and control dry mouth interventions, as well as no dry mouth intervention in randomized sequence. Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index, Plaque staining, and photographs were recorded at baseline and end of each study arm. Salivary volume, pH, and buffering capacity were also recorded at these time points. Additionally, subjects completed a questionnaire for dry mouth and dentinal sensitivity at each visit. Results Reductions in plaque presence and clinical indices were similar after use of test or control products (p < 0.05). Saliva volume and pH buffering improved significantly after use of test and control products (p < 0.05). Conclusions The effects of a novel dry mouth intervention are similar to those of an existing OTC remedy and are significantly better than no intervention.
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25
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Farr JN, Almeida M. The Spectrum of Fundamental Basic Science Discoveries Contributing to Organismal Aging. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1568-1584. [PMID: 30075061 PMCID: PMC6327947 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging research has undergone unprecedented advances at an accelerating rate in recent years, leading to excitement in the field as well as opportunities for imagination and innovation. Novel insights indicate that, rather than resulting from a preprogrammed series of events, the aging process is predominantly driven by fundamental non-adaptive mechanisms that are interconnected, linked, and overlap. To varying degrees, these mechanisms also manifest with aging in bone where they cause skeletal fragility. Because these mechanisms of aging can be manipulated, it might be possible to slow, delay, or alleviate multiple age-related diseases and their complications by targeting conserved genetic signaling pathways, controlled functional networks, and basic biochemical processes. Indeed, findings in various mammalian species suggest that targeting fundamental aging mechanisms (eg, via either loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations or administration of pharmacological therapies) can extend healthspan; ie, the healthy period of life free of chronic diseases. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of the spectrum of fundamental basic science discoveries contributing to organismal aging, with emphasis on mammalian studies and in particular aging mechanisms in bone that drive skeletal fragility. These mechanisms or aging hallmarks include: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Because these mechanisms are linked, interventions that ameliorate one hallmark can in theory ameliorate others. In the field of bone and mineral research, current challenges include defining the relative contributions of each aging hallmark to the natural skeletal aging process, better understanding the complex interconnections among the hallmarks, and identifying the most effective therapeutic strategies to safely target multiple hallmarks. Based on their interconnections, it may be feasible to simultaneously interfere with several fundamental aging mechanisms to alleviate a wide spectrum of age-related chronic diseases, including osteoporosis. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua N Farr
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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26
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Vincent-Chong VK, DeJong H, Rich LJ, Patti A, Merzianu M, Hershberger PA, Seshadri M. Impact of Age on Disease Progression and Microenvironment in Oral Cancer. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1268-1276. [PMID: 29750890 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518775736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recognized link between aging and cancer, most preclinical studies in experimental tumor models are conducted with 6- to 8-wk-old rodents. The goal of the present study was to examine the impact of age on tumor incidence, growth, and microenvironmental characteristics in mouse models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Experimental studies were conducted with the 4-nitroquinoline-oxide (4NQO) oral carcinogenesis model and orthotopic FaDu HNSCC xenografts, established in young (7 to 12 wk of age) and old (65 to 70 wk of age) female C57BL/6 mice ( n = 44; 4NQO model) and severe combined immunodeficient mice ( n = 13; HNSCC xenografts). Noninvasive whole body magnetic resonance imaging revealed increased subcutaneous and visceral fat in aging animals of both strains. On histologic examination, a higher incidence ( P < 0.001) of severe dysplasia/invasive squamous cell carcinoma was observed in old mice (92%) as compared with young mice (69%). Old C57BL/6 mice exposed to 4NQO exhibited increased incidence of oral and extraoral (peritoneal masses) neoplasms (42%) versus their young counterparts ( P < 0.05). The incidence of extraoral neoplasms was significantly lower (16%) in the younger cohort. Interestingly, no difference in growth rate and oxygen saturation was observed between orthotopic FaDu xenografts established in old and young severe combined immunodeficient mice. Our observations suggest that host age may have an impact on the growth kinetics and progression of HNSCC in the immunocompetent 4NQO model. Further investigation into the impact of aging on tumor response to preventive and therapeutic intervention is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Vincent-Chong
- 1 Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - H DeJong
- 1 Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - L J Rich
- 1 Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A Patti
- 2 Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Merzianu
- 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P A Hershberger
- 4 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Seshadri
- 1 Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,4 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Gao L, Xu T, Huang G, Jiang S, Gu Y, Chen F. Oral microbiomes: more and more importance in oral cavity and whole body. Protein Cell 2018; 9:488-500. [PMID: 29736705 PMCID: PMC5960472 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes appear in every corner of human life, and microbes affect every aspect of human life. The human oral cavity contains a number of different habitats. Synergy and interaction of variable oral microorganisms help human body against invasion of undesirable stimulation outside. However, imbalance of microbial flora contributes to oral diseases and systemic diseases. Oral microbiomes play an important role in the human microbial community and human health. The use of recently developed molecular methods has greatly expanded our knowledge of the composition and function of the oral microbiome in health and disease. Studies in oral microbiomes and their interactions with microbiomes in variable body sites and variable health condition are critical in our cognition of our body and how to make effect on human health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tiansong Xu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Song Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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