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Karmakar V, Gorain B. Potential molecular pathways of angiotensin receptor blockers in the brain toward cognitive improvement in dementia. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103850. [PMID: 38052318 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The alarming rise of cognitive impairment and memory decline and limited effective solutions present a worldwide concern for dementia patients. The multivariant role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the brain offers strong evidence of a role for angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in the management of memory impairment by modifying glutamate excitotoxicity, downregulating inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, inhibiting kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT)-II, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family and pyrin-domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, boosting cholinergic activity, activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, countering cyclooxygenase (COX) and mitigating the hypoxic condition. The present work focuses on the intricate molecular mechanisms involved in brain-RAS, highlighting the role of ARBs, connecting links between evidence-based unexplored pathways and investigating probable biomarkers involved in dementia through supported preclinical and clinical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India.
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Cosarderelioglu C, Kreimer S, Plaza‐Rodriguez AI, Iglesias PA, Talbot CC, Siragy HM, Carey RM, Ubaida‐Mohien C, O'Rourke B, Ferrucci L, Bennett DA, Walston J, Abadir P. Decoding Angiotensin Receptors: TOMAHAQ-Based Detection and Quantification of Angiotensin Type-1 and Type-2 Receptors. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030791. [PMID: 37681524 PMCID: PMC10547273 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in human physiology, and its main hormone, angiotensin, activates 2 G-protein-coupled receptors, the angiotensin type-1 and type-2 receptors, in almost every organ. However, controversy exists about the location, distribution, and expression levels of these receptors. Concerns have been raised over the low sensitivity, low specificity, and large variability between lots of commercially available antibodies for angiotensin type-1 and type-2 receptors, which makes it difficult to reconciliate results of different studies. Here, we describe the first non-antibody-based sensitive and specific targeted quantitative mass spectrometry assay for angiotensin receptors. Methods and Results Using a technique that allows targeted analysis of multiple peptides across multiple samples in a single mass spectrometry analysis, known as TOMAHAQ (triggered by offset, multiplexed, accurate mass, high resolution, and absolute quantification), we have identified and validated specific human tryptic peptides that permit identification and quantification of angiotensin type-1 and type-2 receptors in biological samples. Several peptide sequences are conserved in rodents, making these mass spectrometry assays amenable to both preclinical and clinical studies. We have used this method to quantify angiotensin type-1 and type-2 receptors in postmortem frontal cortex samples of older adults (n=28) with Alzheimer dementia. We correlated levels of angiotensin receptors to biomarkers classically linked to renin-angiotensin system activation, including oxidative stress, inflammation, amyloid-β load, and paired helical filament-tau tangle burden. Conclusions These robust high-throughput assays will not only catalyze novel mechanistic studies in the angiotensin research field but may also help to identify patients with an unbalanced angiotensin receptor distribution who would benefit from angiotensin receptor blocker treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Cosarderelioglu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal MedicineAnkara University School of MedicineAnkaraTurkey
| | - Simion Kreimer
- The Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics FacilityJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | | | - Pablo A. Iglesias
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - C. Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Helmy M. Siragy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
| | - Robert M. Carey
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of MedicineUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA
| | | | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIL
| | - Jeremy Walston
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Peter Abadir
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and GerontologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
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Singh S, Moodley J, Naicker T. Differential expression of the angiotensin receptors (AT1, AT2, and AT4) in the placental bed of HIV-infected preeclamptic women of African ancestry. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1970-1982. [PMID: 37308552 PMCID: PMC10404513 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE). There is a paucity of data on uteroplacental angiotensin receptors AT1-2 and 4. We evaluated the immunoexpression of AT1R, AT2R, and AT4R within the placental bed of PE vs. normotensive (N) pregnancies stratified by HIV status. Placental bed (PB) biopsies (n = 180) were obtained from N and PE women. Both groups were stratified by HIV status and gestational age into early-and late onset-PE. Immuno-labeling of AT1R, AT2R, and AT4R was quantified using morphometric image analysis. Immunostaining of PB endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells of spiral arteries (VSMC) displayed an upregulation of AT1R expression compared to the N group (p < 0.0001). Downregulation of AT2R and AT4R expression was observed in PE vs. N group (p = 0.0042 and p < 0.0001), respectively. AT2R immunoexpression declined between HIV+ve and HIV-ve groups, while AT1R and AT4R displayed an increase. An increase in AT1R expression was noted in the EOPE-ve/+ve and LOPE-ve/+ve compared to N-ve/N+ve. In contrast, AT2R and AT4R expression decreased in EOPE-ve/+ve and LOPE-ve/+ve compared to N-ve/N+ve. We demonstrate a significant downregulation of AT2R and AT4R with a concomitant elevated AT1R immunoexpression within PB of HIV-infected PE women. In addition, a decline in AT2R and AT4R with an increase in AT1R immunoexpression in PE, EOPE, and LOPE vs. normotensive pregnancies, irrespective of HIV status. Thus highlighting differential immunoexpression of uteroplacental RAAS receptors based on pregnancy type, HIV status, and gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoohana Singh
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Kulisevsky J, Martínez-Horta S, Campolongo A, Pascual-Sedano B, Marín-Lahoz J, Bejr-Kasem H, Labandeira-Garcia JL, Lanciego JL, Puig-Davi A, Horta-Barba A, Pagonabarraga J, Rodríguez-Antigüedad J. A randomized clinical trial of candesartan for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 110:105367. [PMID: 36963339 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Kulisevsky
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Spain.
| | - Saul Martínez-Horta
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Campolongo
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Spain
| | - Berta Pascual-Sedano
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Spain
| | - Juan Marín-Lahoz
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helena Bejr-Kasem
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jose L Lanciego
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Neurosciences Division, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arnau Puig-Davi
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Horta-Barba
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pagonabarraga
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jon Rodríguez-Antigüedad
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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