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Khajavinia A, Michel D, Ezeaka UC, Purves RW, Laprairie RB, El-Aneed A. Addressing a major interference in the quantification of psilocin in mouse plasma: Development of a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465123. [PMID: 38981146 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Psilocybin is a psychedelic compound found in some hallucinogenic "magic mushrooms". Psilocin is the active metabolite of Psilocybin, and it is the subject of several studies for the treatment of psychological disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. As such, the pharmacokinetic properties of psilocin should be evaluated to ensure its safety and efficacy as part of the drug development process. Based on the previously published studies, reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) was tested for psilocin quantification. The analysis, however, showed a major interference in mouse plasma that was not, to the best of our knowledge, reported previously. We, therefore, aimed to identify and separate the interference, using various chromatographic columns, mobile phase conditions, and mass spectrometers (MS) instruments. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) system, and a quadrupole-linear ion trap equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used in positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Several chromatographic conditions and column chemistries, including C-18 and Phenyl-hexyl were initially tested, and failed to separate the interference. Exact mass measurement and MS/MS analysis were used to determine the structure of the interfering compound, which was confirmed to be tryptophan. Using the identified structure of the interfering compound, a fast and reliable hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-MS/MS method was developed and validated, that was capable of separating psilocin from the interference while achieving a 0.5 ng/ml lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study where psilocin was orally administered to C57BL/6 mouse subjects. Psilocin concentration in all the analyzed mouse plasma samples was successfully determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Khajavinia
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Deborah Michel
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Udoka C Ezeaka
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Randy W Purves
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2R3, Canada
| | - Robert B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Goff R, Smith M, Islam S, Sisley S, Ferguson J, Kuzdzal S, Badal S, Kumar AB, Sreenivasan U, Schug KA. Determination of psilocybin and psilocin content in multiple Psilocybe cubensis mushroom strains using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342161. [PMID: 38220293 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A method for clinical potency determination of psilocybin and psilocin in hallucinogenic mushroom species Psilocybe cubensis was developed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Five strains of dried, intact mushrooms were obtained and analyzed: Blue Meanie, Creeper, B-Plus, Texas Yellow, and Thai Cubensis. An extraction protocol was developed; this included an evaluation of sample milling technique, extraction solvents, and recovery/stability. Reversed phase chromatography on fused-core particle phases was developed for the determination of the two analytes using internal standard calibration with deuterated isotopologues of each analyte. The separation takes less than 5 min. Matrix effects were investigated by comparing signal response of calibration samples in neat solution and several mushroom matrices; no significant matrix effects were observed. The limit of detection for psilocybin was 1.5 ng/mL (1.5 pg on-column; 300 ng/g mushroom) and for psilocin was 0.15 ng/mL (0.15 pg on-column; 30 ng/g mushroom) using a Shimadzu LCMS-8050 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Assessment of the accuracy and precision of the method indicated percent error and RSD were <6 % at all concentration levels. Three whole, intact mushrooms from each strain were analyzed individually to obtain average content differences both between strains and between mushrooms of the same strain. From most to least potent, the study found that the average total psilocybin and psilocin concentrations for the Creeper, Blue Meanie, B+, Texas Yellow, and Thai Cubensis strains were 1.36, 1.221, 1.134, 1.103, and 0.879 % (w/w), respectively. A subset of these mushrooms was also tested in a separate non-affiliated laboratory, and the results were comparable between the two laboratories. Results from the secondary laboratory showed improved precision when multiple mushrooms were homogenized together, prior to extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Goff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Pl., Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Morgan Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Pl., Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Sabrina Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Pl., Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Sue Sisley
- Scottsdale Research Institute, 12815 N. Cave Creek Rd., Phoenix, AZ, 85022, USA
| | - Jonathan Ferguson
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, 7102 Riverwood Dr., Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Scott Kuzdzal
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, 7102 Riverwood Dr., Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Sunil Badal
- Millipore-Sigma, 811 Paloma Dr. Ste A, Round Rock, TX, 78759, USA
| | - Arun Babu Kumar
- Millipore-Sigma, 811 Paloma Dr. Ste A, Round Rock, TX, 78759, USA
| | - Uma Sreenivasan
- Millipore-Sigma, 811 Paloma Dr. Ste A, Round Rock, TX, 78759, USA
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Pl., Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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Cardoso MS, da Cunha KF, Silva IG, Fiorentin TR, de Campos EG, Costa JL. Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS-MS method to quantify psilocin in authentic oral fluid samples. J Anal Toxicol 2023; 47:835-841. [PMID: 37642343 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Psilocin is an active substance and a dephosphorylated product of psilocybin formed after the ingestion of mushrooms. The low stability caused by the quick oxidation of this analyte requires sensitive methods for its determination in biological matrices. In this work, we described the development, optimization and validation of a method for the quantification of psilocin in authentic oral fluid samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Liquid-liquid extraction was performed using 100 µL of oral fluid samples collected with a Quantisal™ device and t-butyl methyl ether as the extraction solvent. The method showed acceptable performance, with limits of detection and quantification of 0.05 ng/mL, and the calibration model was achieved between 0.05 and 10 ng/mL. Bias and imprecision results were below -14.2% and 10.7%, respectively. Ionization suppression/enhancement was lower than -30.5%, and recovery was >54.5%. Dilution integrity bias was <14.4%. No endogenous and exogenous interferences were observed upon analyzing oral fluid from 10 different sources and 56 pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse, respectively. No carryover was observed at 10 ng/mL. Psilocin was stable in oral fluid at -20°C, 4°C and 24°C up to 24, 72 and 24 h, respectively, with variations <17.7%. The analyte was not stable after three freeze/thaw cycles, with variations between -73% and -60%. This suggests the instability of psilocin in oral fluid samples, which requires timely analysis, as soon as possible after the collection. The analyte remained stable in processed samples in an autosampler (at 10°C) for up to 18 h. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of five authentic samples collected from volunteers attending parties and electronic music festivals. Psilocin concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 36.4 ng/mL. This is the first work to report psilocin concentrations in authentic oral fluid samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Santoro Cardoso
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Carlos Chagas 150, Hospital das Clínicas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Kelly Francisco da Cunha
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Carlos Chagas 150, Hospital das Clínicas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Izabelly Geraldes Silva
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Carlos Chagas 150, Hospital das Clínicas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Taís Regina Fiorentin
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-887, Brazil
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Carlos Chagas 150, Hospital das Clínicas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Eduardo G de Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Fermentation Sciences, Appalachian State University, Garwood Hall 417, Boone, NC 28608, United States
| | - Jose Luiz Costa
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Carlos Chagas 150, Hospital das Clínicas, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Candido Portinari 200, Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 13083-871, Brazil
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P03-18 Simultaneous detection and quantification of psilocybin and psilocin by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Esteves CS, de Redrojo EM, Luis García Manjón J, Moreno G, Antunes FE, Montalvo García G, Ortega-Ojeda FE. Combining FTIR-ATR and OPLS-DA methods for magic mushrooms discrimination. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kintz P, Raul JS, Ameline A. Testing human hair after magic mushrooms abuse by LC-MS/MS: Pitfalls and limitations. Forensic Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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