1
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Shi J, Sun K, Chen Z, Qiu Y, Liu H, Ma W, Liu Q, Ge Z. The Influence of Donor/Acceptor Interfaces on Organic Solar Cells Efficiency and Stability Revealed through Theoretical Calculations and Morphology Characterizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318360. [PMID: 38189578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
End-groups halogenation strategies, generally refers to fluorination and chlorination, have been confirmed as simple and efficient methods to regulate the photoelectric performance of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), but a controversy over which one is better has existed for a long time. Here, two novel NFAs, C9N3-4F and C9N3-4Cl, featured with different end-groups were successfully synthesized and blended with two renowned donors, D18 and PM6, featured with different electron-withdrawing units. Detailed theoretical calculations and morphology characterizations of the interface structures indicate NFAs based on different end-groups possess different binding energy and miscibility with donors, which shows an obvious influence on phase-separation morphology, charge transport behavior and device performance. After verified by other three pairs of reported NFAs, a universal conclusion obtained as the devices based on D18 with fluorination-end-groups-based NFAs and PM6 with chlorination-end-groups-based NFAs generally show excellent efficiencies, high fill factors and stability. Finally, the devices based on D18: C9N3-4F and PM6: C9N3-4Cl yield outstanding efficiency of 18.53 % and 18.00 %, respectively. Suitably selecting donor and regulating donor/acceptor interface can accurately present the photoelectric conversion ability of a novel NFAs, which points out the way for further molecular design and selection for high-performance and stable organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kexuan Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Li D, Wang H, Chen J, Wu Q. Fluorinated Polymer Donors for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303155. [PMID: 38018363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of narrow-bandgap nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has boosted the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) over 19 %. The new features of high-performance NFAs, such as visible-NIR light absorption, moderate the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO), and high crystallinity, require polymer donors with matching physical properties. This emphasizes the importance of methods that can effectively tune the physical properties of polymers. Owning to very small atom size and strongest electronegativity, the fluorination has been proved the most efficient strategy to regulate the physical properties of polymer donors, including frontier energy level, absorption coefficient, dielectric constant, crystallinity and charge transport. Owing to the success of fluorination strategy, the vast majority of high-performance polymer donors possess one or more fluorine atoms. In this review, the fluorination synthetic methods, the synthetic route of well-known fluorinated building blocks, the fluorinated polymers which are categorized by the type of donor or acceptor units, and the relationships between the polymer structures, properties, and photovoltaic performances are comprehensively surveyed. We hope this review could provide the readers a deeper insight into fluorination strategy and lay a strong foundation for future innovation of fluorinated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
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3
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Ji X, Wang T, Fu Q, Liu D, Wu Z, Zhang M, Woo HY, Liu Y. Deciphering the Effects of Molecular Dipole Moments on the Photovoltaic Performance of Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300213. [PMID: 37230735 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The dielectronic constant of organic semiconductor materials is directly related to its molecule dipole moment, which can be used to guide the design of high-performance organic photovoltaic materials. Herein, two isomeric small molecule acceptors, ANDT-2F and CNDT-2F, are designed and synthesized by using the electron localization effect of alkoxy in different positions of naphthalene. It is found that the axisymmetric ANDT-2F exhibits a larger dipole moment, which can improve exciton dissociation and charge generation efficiencies due to the strong intramolecular charge transfer effect, resulting in the higher photovoltaic performance of devices. Moreover, PBDB-T:ANDT-2F blend film exhibits larger and more balanced hole and electron mobility as well as nanoscale phase separation due to the favorable miscibility. As a result, the optimized device based on axisymmetric ANDT-2F shows a JSC of 21.30 mA cm-2 , an FF of 66.21%, and a power conversion energy of 12.13%, higher than that of centrosymmetric CNDT-2F-based device. This work provides important implications for designing and synthesizing efficient organic photovoltaic materials by tuning their dipole moment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ji
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The Interdisciplinary Research Center Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 99 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Shaanxi Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co. LTD, Xi'an, 710076, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Dongxue Liu
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Mingtao Zhang
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
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4
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Zhang CR, Yu HY, Zhang ML, Liu XM, Chen YH, Liu ZJ, Wu YZ, Chen HS. Modulating the organic photovoltaic properties of non-fullerene acceptors by molecular modification based on Y6: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25465-25479. [PMID: 37712300 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02520a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) by modifying the backbone, side chains and end groups is the most important strategy to improve the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). Among numerous developed NFAs, Y6 and its derivatives are famous NFAs in the OSC field due to their good performance. Herein, in order to understand the mechanism of tuning the photovoltaic performance by modifying the Y6's center backbone, π-spacer and side-chains, we selected the PM6:Y6 OSC as a reference and systematically studied PM6:AQx-2, PM6:Y6-T, PM6:Y6-2T, PM6:Y6-O, PM6:Y6-1O and PM6:Y6-2O OSC systems based on extensive quantum chemistry calculations. The results indicate that introducing quinoxaline to substitute thiadiazole in the backbone induces a blue-shift of absorption spectra, reduces the charge transfer (CT) distance (Δd) and average electrostatic potential (ESP), and increases the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST), CT excitation energy and the number of CT states in low-lying excitations. Inserting thienyl and dithiophenyl as π spacers generates a red-shift of absorption spectra, enlarges Δd and average ESP, and reduces ΔEST and the number of CT states. Introducing furo[3,2-b]furan for substituting one thieno[3,2-b]thiophene unit in the Y6's backbone causes a red-shift of absorption spectra and increases ΔEST, Δd and average ESP as well as CT excitation energy. Introducing alkoxyl as a side chain results in a blue-shift of absorption spectra, and increases ΔEST, Δd, average ESP, CT excitation energy and the number of CT states. The rate constants calculated using Marcus theory suggest that all the molecular modifications of Y6 reduce the exciton dissociation and charge recombination rates at the heterojunction interface, while introducing furo[3,2-b]furan and alkoxyl enlarges CT rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Rong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Hai-Yuan Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Xiao-Meng Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - You-Zhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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5
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Müller J, Comí M, Eisner F, Azzouzi M, Herrera Ruiz D, Yan J, Attar SS, Al-Hashimi M, Nelson J. Charge-Transfer State Dissociation Efficiency Can Limit Free Charge Generation in Low-Offset Organic Solar Cells. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:3387-3397. [PMID: 37588019 PMCID: PMC10425975 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the charge-generation processes limiting the performance of low-offset organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells by studying a series of newly synthesized PBDB-T-derivative donor polymers whose ionisation energy (IE) is tuned via functional group (difluorination or cyanation) and backbone (thiophene or selenophene bridge) modifications. When blended with the acceptor Y6, the series present heterojunction donor-acceptor IE offsets (ΔEIE) ranging from 0.22 to 0.59 eV. As expected, small ΔEIE decrease nonradiative voltage losses but severely suppresses photocurrent generation. We explore the origin of this reduced charge-generation efficiency at low ΔEIE through a combination of opto-electronic and spectroscopic measurements and molecular and device-level modeling. We find that, in addition to the expected decrease in local exciton dissociation efficiency, reducing ΔEIE also strongly reduces the charge transfer (CT) state dissociation efficiency, demonstrating that poor CT-state dissociation can limit the performance of low-offset heterojunction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda
Simone Müller
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Comí
- Department
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
at Qatar, Education City,
P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Flurin Eisner
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Azzouzi
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Diego Herrera Ruiz
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Yan
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School
of Science and Engineering, The Chinese
University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518172, P. R. China
| | | | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department
of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University
at Qatar, Education City,
P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department
of Physics and Centre for processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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6
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Tyagi R, Zen A, Voora VK. Quantifying the Impact of Halogenation on Intermolecular Interactions and Binding Modes of Aromatic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37406194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Halogenation of aromatic molecules is frequently used to modulate intermolecular interactions with ramifications for optoelectronic and mechanical properties. In this work, we accurately quantify and understand the nature of intermolecular interactions in perhalogenated benzene (PHB) clusters. Using benchmark binding energies from the fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC) method, we show that generalized Kohn-Sham semicanonical projected random phase approximation (GKS-spRPA) plus approximate exchange kernel (AKX) provides reliable interaction energies with mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.23 kcal/mol. Using the GKS-spRPA+AXK method, we quantify the interaction energies of several binding modes of PHB clusters ((C6X6)n; X = F, Cl, Br, I; n = 2, 3). For a given binding mode, the interaction energies increase 3-4 times from X = F to X = I; the X-X binding modes have energies in the range of 2-4 kcal/mol, while the π-π binding mode has interaction energies in the range of 4-12 kcal/mol. SAPT-DFT-based energy decomposition analysis is then used to show that the equilibrium geometries are dictated primarily by the dispersion and exchange interactions. Finally, we test the accuracy of several dispersion-corrected density functional approximations and show that only the r2SCAN-D4 method has a low MAE and correct long-range behavior, which makes it suitable for large-scale simulations and for developing structure-function relationships of halogenated aromatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritaj Tyagi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Andrea Zen
- Dipartimento di Fisica Ettore Pancini, Università di Napoli Federico II, Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vamsee K Voora
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
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7
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Yang Q, Chen H, Lv J, Huang P, Han D, Deng W, Sun K, Kumar M, Chung S, Cho K, Hu D, Dong H, Shao L, Zhao F, Xiao Z, Kan Z, Lu S. Balancing the Efficiency and Synthetic Accessibility of Organic Solar Cells with Isomeric Acceptor Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207678. [PMID: 37171812 PMCID: PMC10369256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development of organic semiconductor materials and on-going improvement of device technology, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have surpassed the threshold of 19%. Now, the low production cost of organic photovoltaic materials and devices have become an imperative demand for its practical application and future commercialization. Herein, the feasibility of simplified synthesis for cost-effective small-molecule acceptors via end-cap isomeric engineering is demonstrated, and two constitutional isomers, BTP-m-4Cl and BTP-o-4Cl, are synthesized and compared in parallel. These two non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have very similar optoelectronic properties but nonuniform morphological and crystallographic characteristics. Consequently, the OSCs composed of PM6:BTP-m-4Cl realize PCE of 17.2%, higher than that of the OSCs with PM6:BTP-o-4Cl (≈16%). When ternary OSCs are fabricated with PM6:BTP-m-4Cl:BTP-o-4Cl, the averaged PCE value reaches 17.95%, presenting outstanding photovoltaic performance. Most excitingly, the figure of merit (FOM) values of PM6:BTP-m-4Cl, PM6:BTP-o-4Cl, and PM6:BTP-m-4Cl:BTP-o-4Cl based devices are 0.190, 0.178, and 0.202 respectively. The FOM values of these systems are all among the top ones of the current high-efficiency OSC systems, revealing high cost-effectiveness of the two NFAs. This work provides a general but accessible strategy to minimize the efficiency-cost gap and promises the economic prospects of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianguang Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lv
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Peihao Huang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Deman Han
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology Guangzhou, Beijing, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Sun
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, North Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Dingqin Hu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Dong
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Li Shao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
| | - Fuqing Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
| | - Zeyun Xiao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, P. R. China
| | - Shirong Lu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, P. R. China
- Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, P. R. China
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
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Wang L, Zhang L, Kim S, Wang T, Yuan Z, Yang C, Hu Y, Zhao X, Chen Y. Halogen-Free Donor Polymers Based on Dicyanobenzotriazole with Low Energy Loss and High Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206607. [PMID: 36717277 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Halogenation of organic semiconductors is an efficient strategy for improving the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), while the introduction of halogens usually involves complex synthetic process and serious environment pollution problems. Herein, three halogen-free ternary copolymer donors (PCNx, x = 3, 4, 5) based on electron-withdrawing dicyanobenzotriazole are reported. When blended with the Y6, PCN3 with strong interchain interactions results in appropriate crystallinity and thermodynamic miscibility of the blend film. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicate that PCN3 has more ordered arrangement and stronger π-π stacking than previous PCN2. Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy and external quantum efficiency of electroluminescence measurements show that PCN3-based OSCs have lower energy loss than PCN2, which leads to their higher open-circuit voltage (0.873 V). The device based on PCN3 reaches power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.33% in binary OSCs, one of the highest values for OSCs with halogen-free donor polymers. The PCE of 17.80% and 18.10% are obtained in PM6:PCN3:Y6 and PM6:PCN3:BTP-eC9 ternary devices, much higher than those of PM6:Y6 (16.31%) and PM6:BTP-eC9 (17.33%) devices. Additionally, this ternary OSCs exhibit superior stability compared to binary host system. This work gives a promising path for halogen-free donor polymers to achieve low energy loss and high PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Seoyoung Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyi Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yu Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
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9
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In Vitro Cytotoxicity of D18 and Y6 as Potential Organic Photovoltaic Materials for Retinal Prostheses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158666. [PMID: 35955800 PMCID: PMC9369111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are diagnosed with retinal dystrophies such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. A retinal prosthesis using organic photovoltaic (OPV) semiconductors is a promising therapeutic device to restore vision to patients at the late onset of the disease. However, an appropriate cytotoxicity approach has to be employed on the OPV materials before using them as retinal implants. In this study, we followed ISO standards to assess the cytotoxicity of D18, Y6, PFN-Br and PDIN individually, and as mixtures of D18/Y6, D18/Y6/PFN-Br and D18/Y6/PDIN. These materials were proven for their high performance as organic solar cells. Human RPE cells were put in direct and indirect contact with these materials to analyze their cytotoxicity by the MTT assay, apoptosis by flow cytometry, and measurements of cell morphology and proliferation by immunofluorescence. We also assessed electrophysiological recordings on mouse retinal explants via microelectrode arrays (MEAs) coated with D18/Y6. In contrast to PFN-Br and PDIN, all in vitro experiments show no cytotoxicity of D18 and Y6 alone or as a D18/Y6 mixture. We conclude that D18/Y6 is safe to be subsequently investigated as a retinal prosthesis.
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Oligothiophene-based photovoltaic materials for organic solar cells: rise, plateau, and revival. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Xu S, Wang W, Liu H, Yu X, Qin F, Luo H, Zhou Y, Li Z. A New Diazabenzo[k]fluoranthene-based D-A Conjugated Polymer Donor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200276. [PMID: 35567333 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of wide-bandgap polymer donors having complementary absorption and compatible energy levels with near-infared (NIR) absorbing nonfullerene acceptors is highly important for realizing high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a new thiophene-fused diazabenzo[k]fluoranthene derivative has been successfully synthesized as the electron-deficient unit to construct an efficient donor-acceptor (D-A) type alternating copolymer donor, namely PABF-Cl, using the chlorinated benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene as the copolymerization unit. PABF-Cl exhibits a wide optical bandgap of 1.93 eV, a deep highest occupied molecular level of -5.36 eV, and efficient hole transport. As a result, OSCs with the best power conversion efficiency of 11.8% has been successfully obtained by using PABF-Cl as the donor to blend with a NIR absorbing BTP-eC9 acceptor. Our work thus provides a new design of electron-deficient unit for constructing high performance D-A type polymer donors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoheng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wen Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fei Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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12
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Lee SW, Shin HJ, Park B, Shome S, Whang DR, Bae H, Chung S, Cho K, Ko SJ, Choi H, Chang DW. Effect of Electron-Withdrawing Chlorine Substituent on Morphological and Photovoltaic Properties of All Chlorinated D-A-Type Quinoxaline-Based Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19785-19794. [PMID: 35420778 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The choice of the chlorine (Cl) atom as an electron-withdrawing substituent in conjugated polymers leads to a higher potential in the commercialization of polymer solar cells than its fluorine counterpart because of the versatility and cost-effectiveness of the chlorination process. In addition, the population and location of Cl substituents can significantly influence the photovoltaic characteristics of polymers. In this study, three chlorinated quinoxaline-based polymers were invented to examine the numerical and positioning effects of the Cl atom on their photovoltaic characteristics. The number of Cl substituents in the reference polymer, PBCl-Qx, was adjusted to three: two Cl atoms in the benzodithiophene-type D unit and one Cl atom in the quinoxaline-type A unit. Subsequently, two more Cl atoms were selectively introduced at the 4- and 5-positions of the alkylated thiophene moieties at the 2,3-positions of the quinoxaline moiety in PBCl-Qx to obtain the additional polymers PBCl-Qx4Cl and PBCl-Qx5Cl, respectively. The conventional PBCl-Qx4Cl device exhibited a better power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.95% as compared to those of PBCl-Qx (12.44%) and PBCl-Qx5Cl (11.82%) devices. The highest PCE of the device with PBCl-Qx4Cl was ascribed to an enhancement in the open-circuit voltage and fill factor induced by the deeper energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital and the favorable morphological features in its blended film with Y6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Woo Lee
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 48513 Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 04730 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungwook Park
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanchari Shome
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 04730 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ryeol Whang
- Department of Advanced Materials, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Bae
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673 Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 37673 Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science and Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 04730 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Chang
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 48513 Busan, Republic of Korea
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Kini GP, Han YW, Jeon SJ, Lee EJ, Lee YJ, Goh M, Moon DK. Tailoring microstructure and morphology via sequential fluorination to enhance the photovoltaic performance of low-cost polymer donors for organic solar cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200070. [PMID: 35298093 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
For utilizing the organic solar cells for commercial applications, reducing the overall cost of the photo absorbent materials is also very crucial, along with the realization of high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and excellent stability. Herein, we tried to address such challenge by synergistically controlling the amount of fluorine (F)-substituents (n = 2, 4) on easily scalable, low-cost wide-bandgap molecular design involving alternate fluorinated-thienyl benzodithiophene donor and 2,5-difluoro benzene (2FBn) or 2,3,5,6 tetrafluorobenzene (4FBn) to form two new polymer donors PBDT-2FBn and PBDT-4FBn, respectively. As expected, sequential fluorination causes lowering of the frontier energy levels and planarization of polymer backbone via F···S and C-H···F noncovalent molecular locks, which results in more pronounced molecular packing and enhanced crystallinity from PBDT-2FBn to PBDT-4FBn. By mixing with IT-4F acceptor, PBDT-2FBn:IT-4F-based blend demonstrated favorable molecular orientation with shorter π-π stacking distance, higher carrier mobilities with good trade-off ratio and desirable nanoscale morphology, hence delivered good PCE of 9.3% than PBDT-2FBn:IT-4F counterpart (8.6%). Furthermore, pairing PBDT-2FBn with BTP-BO-4Cl acceptor further improved absorption range and promoted privileged morphology with ideal domain sizes for efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport, resulting in further improvement of PCE to 10.2% with remarkably low energy loss of 0.46 eV, which is seldomly reported in NF-OSCs. Consequently, this study provides valuable guidelines for designing efficient and low-cost polymer donors for organic solar cell applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gururaj P Kini
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Yong Woon Han
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Sung Jae Jeon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Eui Jin Lee
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Munju Goh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Nano and Information Materials (NIMs) Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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14
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Recent Progress in Indacenodithiophene-Based Acceptor Materials for Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:18. [PMID: 35246763 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Domesticating solar energy by exploiting photovoltaic technology has become a quintessential strategy for future global energy production. Since 2015, non-fullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSC) have attracted a great deal of attention owing to the marvellous properties of non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) such as structural versability, broad absorption, suitable energy levels, tunable charge transport and morphology, leading to remarkable accomplishments in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 1% to nearly 20%. One class of materials is provided by the fused ring aromatic indacenodithiophene (IDT) and its derivatives, which are emerging continuously as promising next-generation building blocks to construct high performance photovoltaic materials. Encouraging PCEs of more than 15% have been achieved in their binary NF-OSCs, while careful device engineering and proper amalgamation of a third component have led to PCEs of almost 18% in ternary devices. This review surveys recent developments in the area of IDT-based materials for photovoltaic applications. Different strategies to develop efficient IDT-based NFA and factors influencing the bandgaps, molecular energy levels, charge transport properties, and film morphologies, as well as the photovoltaic performance of these materials, are discussed.
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15
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Souza JPA, Benatto L, Candiotto G, Roman LS, Koehler M. Binding Energy of Triplet Excitons in Nonfullerene Acceptors: The Effects of Fluorination and Chlorination. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1393-1402. [PMID: 35192353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One strategy to improve the photovoltaic properties of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), employed in state-of-art organic solar cells, is the rational fluorination or chlorination of these molecules. Although this modification improves important acceptor properties, little is known about the effects on the triplet states. Here, we combine the polarizable continuum model with an optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functional to investigate this issue. We find that fluorination or chlorination of NFAs decreases the degree of the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) overlap along these molecules. Consequently, the energy gap between T1 and S1 states, ΔEST = ES1 - ET1, also decreases. This effect reduces the binding energy of triplet excitons, which favors their dissociation into free charges. Furthermore, the reduction of ΔEST can contribute to mitigating the losses produced by the nonradiative deactivation of the T1 excitons. Interestingly, although Cl has a lower electronegativity than F, chlorination is more effective to reduce ΔEST. Since the chlorination of NFAs is easier than fluorination, Cl substitution can be a useful approach to enhance solar energy harvesting using triplet excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P A Souza
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L Benatto
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - G Candiotto
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L S Roman
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M Koehler
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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16
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Review on Y6-Based Semiconductor Materials and Their Future Development via Machine Learning. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors are promising to achieve high efficiency in organic solar cells (OSCs). Y6-based acceptors, one group of new n-type semiconductors, have triggered tremendous attention when they reported a power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.7% in 2019. After that, scientists are trying to improve the efficiency in different aspects including choosing new donors, tuning Y6 structures, and device engineering. In this review, we first summarize the properties of Y6 materials and the seven critical methods modifying the Y6 structure to improve the PCEs developed in the latest three years as well as the basic principles and parameters of OSCs. Finally, the authors would share perspectives on possibilities, necessities, challenges, and potential applications for designing multifunctional organic device with desired performances via machine learning.
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17
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Gao X, Xu Y, Yu R, Song X, Tao X, Tao Y. Estimating donor:acceptor compatibility for polymer solar cells through nonfused-ring acceptors with benzoxadiazole core and different halogenated terminal groups. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04513c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Novel nonfused-ring electron acceptors based on a benzoxadiazole-derived core are developed to estimate different miscibility-driven morphologies and donor:acceptor compatibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Gao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ruitao Yu
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Song
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xianwang Tao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Youtian Tao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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18
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Yang B, Yuan L, Gong J, Liu Z, Wu Y, Chen H. The Halogenation Effects of Electron Acceptor ITIC for Organic Photovoltaic Nano-Heterojunctions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3417. [PMID: 34947765 PMCID: PMC8708652 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular engineering plays a critical role in the development of electron donor and acceptor materials for improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The halogenated acceptor materials in OPVs have shown high PCE. Here, to investigate the halogenation mechanism and the effects on OPV performances, based on the density functional theory calculations with the optimally tuned screened range-separated hybrid functional and the consideration of solid polarization effects, we addressed the halogenation effects of acceptor ITIC, which were modeled by bis-substituted ITIC with halogen and coded as IT-2X (X = F, Cl, Br), and PBDB-T:ITIC, PBDB-T:IT-2X (X = F, Cl, Br) complexes on their geometries, electronic structures, excitations, electrostatic potentials, and the rate constants of charge transfer, exciton dissociation (ED), and charge recombination processes at the heterojunction interface. The results indicated that halogenation of ITIC slightly affects molecular geometric structures, energy levels, optical absorption spectra, exciton binding energies, and excitation properties. However, the halogenation of ITIC significantly enlarges the electrostatic potential difference between the electron acceptor and donor PBDB-T with the order from fluorination and chlorination to bromination. The halogenation also increases the transferred charges of CT states for the complexes. Meanwhile, the halogenation effects on CT energies and electron process rates depend on different haloid elements. No matter which kinds of haloid elements were introduced in the halogenation of acceptors, the ED is always efficient in these OPV devices. This work provides an understanding of the halogenation mechanism, and is also conducive to the designing of novel materials with the aid of the halogenation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Cairong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Jijun Gong
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Zijiang Liu
- Department of Physics, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Youzhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
| | - Hongshan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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Dai T, Nie Q, Lei P, Zhang B, Zhou J, Tang A, Wang H, Zeng Q, Zhou E. Effects of Halogenation on the Benzotriazole Unit of Non-Fullerene Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells with High Voltages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58994-59005. [PMID: 34851613 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) can be simply divided into three categories: A-D-A, A-DA'D-A, and A2-A1-D-A1-A2 according to their chemical structures. Benefiting from the easily modified 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone end groups, the halogenation on the first two types of materials has been proved to be very effective to modulate their optoelectronic properties and improve their photovoltaic performance. Hence, in this work, we systematically investigate the effect of halogenation on the classic NFA molecule of BTA3, which has the linear A2-A1-D-A1-A2-type backbone. After fluorination and chlorination, F-BTA3 and Cl-BTA3 have similar optical band gaps but lower energy levels than BTA3. When blending with a linear copolymer PE25 composed of benzodifuran and chlorinated benzotriazole (BTA) according to "Same-A-Strategy", the corresponding VOC of the halogenated NFAs gradually decreases (1.13 V for F-BTA3 and 1.09 V for Cl-BTA3), compared with that of the BTA3-based device (VOC = 1.22 V). This tendency mainly comes from the lower lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels due to the strong electron-withdrawing ability of halogen atoms and the larger nonradiative energy loss. However, the power conversion efficiencies of the halogenated materials are slightly improved, from 9.08% for PE25: BTA3 to 10.45% for PE25: F-BTA3 and 10.75% for PE25: Cl-BTA, with the nonhalogenated solvent tetrahydrofuran as the processing solvent. The improved photovoltaic performance of F-BTA3 and Cl-BTA3 should come from the higher carrier mobility, weaker bimolecular recombination, and higher fluorescence quenching rate. This study illustrates that halogenation on the A1 unit is a promising strategy for developing novel and effective A2-A1-D-A1-A2-type NFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Dai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingling Nie
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Lei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jialing Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ailing Tang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Helin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qingdao Zeng
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wang H, Chao P, Chen H, Zhu Y, Zheng W, He F. Enhancement of All-Polymer Solar Cells by Addition of a Chlorinated Polymer and Formation of an Energy Cascade in a Nonhalogenated Solvent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58754-58762. [PMID: 34871498 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) containing a three-component photoactive layer with cascading energy alignments could benefit the charge transfer and improve the open-circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency. Herein, we report the incorporation of a derived chlorinated polymer, J52-Cl, as a guest donor into the donor J52 and acceptor N2200 blend film. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital levels of J52-Cl are between the corresponding energy levels of J52 and N2200, and this leads to generation of a cascade of energy levels. Photoluminescence measurements and the J-V of devices containing the donors indicated that this incorporation of J52-Cl could promote the charge transfer of the solar cells. The contribution from J52-Cl reduced the energy loss of J52-based binary devices significantly from 0.932 to 0.797 eV and the nonradiative energy loss from 0.399 to 0.269 eV, leading to an enhancement of Voc from 0.79 to 0.93 V. This introduction of chlorinated polymers also improves the intermolecular interactions and leads to a favorable morphology with appropriate phase separation and interpenetrating networks. As expected, the power conversion efficiency of ternary all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) processed in o-xylene solvent was increased from 8.55 to 11.02%. These results indicate that the ternary devices with the appropriate cascade of energy levels can fine tune the device's open-circuit voltage and finally improve the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pengjie Chao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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21
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Dulal R, Scougale WR, Chen W, Balasubramanian G, Chien T. Direct Observations of Uniform Bulk Heterojunctions and the Energy Level Alignments in Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaic Active Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:56430-56437. [PMID: 34786941 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
State-of-the-art organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells rely on the engineering of the energy levels of the organic molecules as well as the bulk-heterojunction nanomorphology to achieve high performance. However, both are difficult to measure inside the active layer where the electron donor and acceptor molecules are mingled. While the energy level alignments of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) between the electron donors and acceptors may be altered in the mixed active layer compared to their pure forms, the nanomorphology of the donor and acceptor molecular domains is mostly studied in indirect means. Here, we present the direct observations of the nanomorphology of the molecular domains as well as the energy level alignments in the active layer of a nonfullerene-based OPV (donor: PBDB-T-2F and acceptor: IT-4Cl) using cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (XSTM/S). It is revealed that (1) the bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structures are homogeneous and uniform throughout the ∼1.2 μm thick active layer; (2) the energy alignments between the donor-rich and acceptor-rich domains are directly observed; (3) there exist the intermixing domains at the boundaries of the donor-rich and acceptor-rich domains with thickness in the nm scale; (4) the exciton binding energies in PBDB-T-2F and IT-4Cl are estimated to be 0.74 and 0.32 eV, respectively; and (5) there is an ∼0.7 V loss in the open circuit voltage. The results provide a nanoscale understanding of the OPV active layers to guide further improvement of the OPV performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindra Dulal
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - William R Scougale
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ganesh Balasubramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - TeYu Chien
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
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22
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Li S, Zhang H, Yue S, Yu X, Zhou H. Recent advances in non-fullerene organic photovoltaics enabled by green solvent processing. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:072002. [PMID: 34822343 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac020b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed organic photovoltaic (OPV) as a new energy device has attracted much attention due to its huge potential in future commercial manufacturing. However, so far, most of the studies on high-performance OPV have been treated with halogenated solvents. Halogenated solvents not only pollute the environment, but are also harmful to human health, which will negatively affect the large-scale production of OPV in the future. Therefore, it is urgent to develop low-toxic or non-toxic non-halogen solvent-processable OPV. Compared with conventional fullerene OPVs, non-fullerene OPVs exist with stronger absorption, better-matched energy levels and lower energy loss. Processing photoactive layers with non-fullerenes as the acceptor material has broad potential advantages in non-halogenated solvents. This review introduces the research progress of non-fullerene OPV treated by three different kinds of green solvents as the non-halogenated and aromatic solvent, the non-halogenated and non-aromatic solvent, alcohol and water. Furthermore, the effects of different optimization strategies on the photoelectric performance and stability of non-fullerene OPV are analyzed in detail. The current optimization strategy can increase the power conversion efficiency of non-fullerene OPV processed with non-halogen solvents up to 17.33%, which is close to the performance of processing with halogen-containing solvents. Finally, the commercial potential of non-halogen solvent processing OPVs is discussed. The green solvent processing of non-fullerene-based OPVs will become a key development direction for the future of the OPV industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengli Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
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23
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Li D, Sun C, Yan T, Yuan J, Zou Y. Asymmetric Non-Fullerene Small-Molecule Acceptors toward High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1787-1797. [PMID: 34841053 PMCID: PMC8614097 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Applying an asymmetric strategy to construct non-fullerene small-molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) in organic solar cells (OSCs) plays a vital role in the development of organic photovoltaic materials. In the past several years, taking advantage of the larger dipole moment and stronger intermolecular interactions, asymmetric NFSMAs have witnessed tremendous progress in OSCs with a power conversion efficiency of over 18%. From a structural point of view, besides the possible changes in the conformation effect on molecular packing, asymmetric acceptors can also achieve a balance between the solubility and the crystallinity. Herein, we systematically investigate the structure-property-performance relationships of asymmetric NFSMAs that have recently emerged and try to clarify the feasibility and practicality of an asymmetric strategy for the design of higher-performance NFSMAs. Finally, we put forward our views and a concise outlook on the asymmetric strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tengfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yingping Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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24
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Kang H, Zhang X, Xu X, Li Y, Li S, Cheng Q, Huang L, Jing Y, Zhou H, Ma Z, Zhang Y. Strongly Reduced Non-Radiative Voltage Losses in Organic Solar Cells Prepared with Sequential Film Deposition. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10663-10670. [PMID: 34704764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With nearly 100% yields for mobile charge carriers in organic solar cells (OSCs), the relatively large photovoltage loss (ΔVoc) is a critical barrier limiting the power conversion efficiency of OSCs. Herein, we aim to improve the open-circuit voltage (Voc) in OSCs with non-fullerene acceptors via sequential film deposition (SD). We show that ΔVoc in planar heterojunction (PHJ) devices prepared by the SD method can be appreciably mitigated, leading increases in Voc to 80 mV with regard to the Voc of bulk heterojunction devices. In PHJ OSCs, the energy level of intermolecular charge-transfer states is found to increase with a decrease in the level of aggregation in the solid state. These properties explain the enhanced electroluminescent quantum efficiency and resultant suppression of the voltage losses induced by nonradiative charge recombination and interfacial charge transfer. This work provides a promising strategy for tackling the heavily discussed photovoltage loss in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuning Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yanxun Li
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shilin Li
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liqing Huang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanan Jing
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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25
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Ma S, Feng H, Liu X, Hu Z, Yang X, Liang Y, Zhang J, Huang F, Cao Y. Dodecacyclic-Fused Electron Acceptors with Multiple Electron-Deficient Units for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3544-3552. [PMID: 33847443 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fused aromatic cores in non-fullerene electron acceptors (NFEAs) play a significant role in determining their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance. In this work, a dodecacyclic-fused core with three electron-deficient units is synthesized through a double intramolecular Cadogan reduction cyclization. Terminal groups with different halogen substitution (F or Cl) are grafted onto the dodecacyclic-fused core to afford MS-4F and MS-4Cl, both of which showed strong and broad absorption, narrow bandgaps around 1.40 eV, and variable molecular packing model in pristine and blend films. Photovoltaic performance of solar cells containing MS-4F and MS-4Cl as NFEAs were investigated with resultant power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.75 % and 11.79 %, respectively. The mechanism study indicates that both of PBDB-T : MS-4F- and PBDB-T : MS-4Cl-based devices displayed high hole and electron mobility values, efficient charge transfer, and low charge recombination etc. These results indicate that designing multiple-fused aromatic cores with multiple electron-deficient units is a promising strategy to obtain high-performance NFEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Hexiang Feng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiye Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuanying Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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26
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Zhang X, Cai J, Guo C, Li D, Du B, Zhuang Y, Cheng S, Wang L, Liu D, Wang T. Simultaneously Enhanced Efficiency and Operational Stability of Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells via Solid-Additive-Mediated Aggregation Control. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102558. [PMID: 34293248 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The additive strategy is widely used in optimizing the morphology of organic solar cells (OSCs). The majority of additives are liquid with high boiling points, which will be trapped within device and consequently deteriorate performance during operation. In this work, solid but volatile additives 2-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (INB-F) and 2-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione (INB-Cl) are designed to replace the common 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) in nonfullerene OSCs. These additives present during solution casting but evaporate after moderate heating. Molecular dynamics simulations show that they can reduce the adsorption energy to improve π-π stacking among nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) molecules, an effect that enhances light absorption and electron mobility. Both INB-F and INB-Cl enhance efficiency, with INB-F achieving a maximum efficiency of 16.7% from 15.1% of the reference PBDB-T-2F (PM6):BTP-BO-4F (Y6-BO) cell, and outperforming DIO. Remarkably, they can simultaneously enhance the operational stability, with the INB-F-treated OSC maintaining over 60% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h operation, demonstrating a T80 lifetime of 523 h, which is a significant improvement over T80 values of 66.2 h for the reference and 6.6 h for DIO-treated OSC. The simultaneously enhanced efficiency and operational lifetime are also effective in PM6:BTP-BO-4Cl (Y7-BO) OSCs, demonstrating a universal strategy to improve the performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinlong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baocai Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shili Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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27
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Doat O, Barboza BH, Batagin‐Neto A, Bégué D, Hiorns RC. Review: materials and modelling for organic photovoltaic devices. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Doat
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Bruno H Barboza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences, POSMAT Bauru Brazil
| | | | - Didier Bégué
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
| | - Roger C Hiorns
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico‐Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, UMR5254 Pau France
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28
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Yadav RK, Sharma R, Gautam D, Joshi J, Chaudhary S. Lewis Acid/Oxidant as Rapid Regioselective Halogenating Reagent System for Direct Halogenation of Fused Bi‐/Tri‐cyclic Hetero‐Aromatic Congeners
via
−H bond Functionalization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant Yadav
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC lab) Department of Chemistry Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur 302017 India
- Department of Chemistry Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur 302017 India
| | - Richa Sharma
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC lab) Department of Chemistry Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur 302017 India
| | - Deepak Gautam
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC lab) Department of Chemistry Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur 302017 India
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Department of Chemistry Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur 302017 India
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC lab) Department of Chemistry Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Jawaharlal Nehru Marg Jaipur 302017 India
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29
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Qin S, Meng L, Li Y. Molecular Properties and Aggregation Behavior of Small-Molecule Acceptors Calculated by Molecular Simulation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14467-14475. [PMID: 34124469 PMCID: PMC8190879 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) has increased rapidly to over 17% recently. The recent improvement in efficiency was mainly attributed to the development of small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) such as ITIC, Y6, and their derivatives. However, we still have little knowledge on how the molecular structures of the SMAs influence their photovoltaic properties. For the purpose of gaining more insight into the relationship between the molecular properties and photovoltaic performance of the SMAs, here, we carried out theoretical calculations on the most representative SMAs, such as ITIC, Y6, and their derivatives through molecular simulations, and tried to reveal their unique characteristic and aggregation behavior related to the general performance in OSCs, potentially helping to further improve the efficiency of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Qin
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemical Science, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory
of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical
Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow
University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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30
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Tang Y, Tang H, Bai Y, Hu R, Yan X, Li L, Cheng J. Investigation of Triple Symmetric Non-halogen Benzene Derivative Solvent for Spray-Coated Polymer Solar Cells. Front Chem 2021; 9:651281. [PMID: 33968901 PMCID: PMC8103027 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.651281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of spray-coated polymer solar cells could be largely improved via morphologies and phase optimization by solvent engineering. However, there is still a lack of fundamental knowledge and know-how in controlling blend morphology by using various solvents. Here, the effect of adding low polar benzene and non-halogen benzene derivatives with triple symmetric molecular has been systematically investigated and discussed. It is found that the triple symmetric non-halogen benzene could promote the formation of preferential face-on molecule orientation for PBDB-T-2Cl:IT4F films by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that PBDB-T-2Cl could be transported to the surface of the blend film during drying process. A 3D opt-digital microscope shows that triple symmetric non-halogen benzene could also improve the morphologies of active layers by reducing the coffee ring or other micro-defects. Due to the appropriate vapor pressures, devices with mixing 20% benzene or the triple symmetric non-halogen in spray solution could significantly improve the device performance. Device prepared using 20% 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and 80% chlorobenzene (CB) mixture solvent has the best morphology and phase structure, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device was increased nearly 60 to 10.21% compared with the device using CB as the only solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Youjun Bai
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Hainan College of Economics and Business, Haikou, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinwu Yan
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- Research Institute for New Materials and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
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31
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Zhang N, Li Z, Zhu C, Peng H, Zou Y. Bromination and increasing the molecular conjugation length of the non-fullerene small-molecule acceptor based on benzotriazole for efficient organic photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2021; 11:13571-13578. [PMID: 35423894 PMCID: PMC8697487 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01348c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel non-fullerene acceptors, namely BZIC-2Br and Y9-2Br, were synthesized by employing a ladder-type electron-deficient-based fused ring central with a benzotriazole core. Y9-2Br is obtained by extending the conjugate length of BZIC-2Br. Compared with BZIC-2Br, Y9-2Br possesses a lower optical bandgap of 1.32 eV with an absorption edge of 937 nm, exhibiting broader and stronger absorption band from 600 to 900 nm. Moreover, Y9-2Br exhibits excellent photovoltaic properties with V oc of 0.84 V, J sc of 21.38 mA cm-2 and FF of 67.11%, which achieves an impressive PCE of 12.05%. Our study demonstrates that bromination and effective extension of the conjugate length can modulate performance from different aspects to optimize photovoltaic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China +86-731-88879616
| | - Zhe Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China +86-731-88879616
| | - Can Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China +86-731-88879616
| | - Hongjian Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China +86-731-88879616
| | - Yingping Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan 410083 China +86-731-88879616
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32
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Liu H, Zhang X, Wang L, Chen Y, Ye D, Chen L, Wen H, Liu S. One‐Pot
Synthesis of 3‐ to
15‐Mer π‐Conjugated
Discrete Oligomers with Widely Tunable Optical Properties. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 China
| | - Li‐Hong Wang
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 China
| | - Yan Chen
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 China
| | - Dong‐Nai Ye
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 China
| | - Long Chen
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 China
| | - He‐Rui Wen
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 China
| | - Shi‐Yong Liu
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 China
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33
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Zhang J, Xiang Y, Zheng S. From Y6 to BTPT-4F: a theoretical insight into the influence of the individual change of fused-ring skeleton length or side alkyl chains on molecular arrangements and electron mobility. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01515j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) Y6 have drawn tremendous attention due to the great progress in their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Yunjie Xiang
- School of Materials and Energy
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
- China
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Wang W, Li G, Li Y, Zhan C, Lu X, Xiao S. Positional isomeric effect of monobrominated ending groups within small molecule acceptors on photovoltaic performance. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31992-31999. [PMID: 35495533 PMCID: PMC9042045 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05426k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ending acceptor unit (A) within acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A)-type small molecule acceptors (SMAs), monobrominated 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC-Br) plays a critical role on developing high-performance SMAs and polymer acceptors from polymerizing SMAs. IC-Br is usually a mixture (IC-Br-m) consisting of positional isomeric IC-Br-γ and IC-Br-δ (bromine substituted on the γ and δ positions, respectively). The positional isomeric effect of these monobrominated ending groups has been witnessed to take an important role on regulating the photovoltaic performance. Fully investigating this isomeric effect of monobromination would be of great value for SMAs and even polymer acceptors. In this study, benefitting from the separation of IC-Br-γ and IC-Br-δ from IC-Br-m with high yields, bis(thieno[3,2-b]cyclopenta)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]diselenophene (BDSeT) was chosen as the D unit and combined with IC-Br-γ, IC-Br-δ and IC-Br-m as A units, respectively. Three A–D–A type SMAs (BDSeTICBr-γ, BDSeTICBr-δ and BDSeTICBr-m) have thus been obtained. When blended with the representative donor polymer of PBDB-T-2Cl to construct bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs), BDSeTICBr-γ, BDSeTICBr-δ and BDSeTICBr-m devices offered power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 9.42, 10.63, and 11.54% respectively. The result indicated the superior photovoltaic performance of the isomer mixture over the pure isomers, which was contrary to the reported ones that the pure isomers of SMAs used to give a better performance. The superior performance of the BDSeTICBr-m devices was mainly reflected in the improved carrier generation and transport as well as the carrier recombination suppression. In the three PBDB-T-2Cl:SMA BHJ films, a comparable intermixing phase and acceptor domain sizes were observed. Compared with BDSeTICBr-γ and BDSeTICBr-δ, BDSeTICBr-m showed a preferential face-on orientated packing with the closest π–π stacking in its BHJ film, probably accounting for its higher photovoltaic performance than those of the pure isomers. This study provides an alternative sight to develop efficient SMAs with suitably monobrominated IC ending groups for the strategy of polymerizing SMAs. A small molecular acceptor with mixed isomeric monobrominated end groups exhibited a better photovoltaic performance than the pure isomers.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Gongchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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35
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Ternary solvent-processed efficient organic solar cells based on a new A-DA′D-A acceptor derivative employing the 3rd-position branching side chains on pyrroles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Zhang J, Han Y, Zhang W, Ge J, Xie L, Xia Z, Song W, Yang D, Zhang X, Ge Z. High-Efficiency Thermal-Annealing-Free Organic Solar Cells Based on an Asymmetric Acceptor with Improved Thermal and Air Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57271-57280. [PMID: 33289540 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The stability of organic solar cells (OSCs) is an urgent problem for commercialization. In this work, a novel asymmetric molecule TB-4Cl was designed and synthesized. Quantum chemical computations revealed that TB-4Cl has a larger dipole moment of 1.98 Debye than that of Y6, which can induce a stronger intermolecular interaction. Without thermal annealing, devices based on PM6:TB-4Cl achieved a higher efficiency of 14.67%. Impressively, all of the devices showed a negligible difference in power conversion efficiency (PCE) before and after thermal-annealing treatment. Compared to the unencapsulated PM6:Y6-based devices, PM6:TB-4Cl-based devices exhibited improved thermal and air stability, evidenced by retaining around 75% (TB-4Cl) and 60% (Y6) after being heated at 100 °C in nitrogen for 110 h and 65% (TB-4Cl) and 50% (Y6) in air for 92 h. This work indicates that an A-D1A'D2-A asymmetric molecule can be a promising candidate for achieving stable OSCs with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yufang Han
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Daobin Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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37
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Hu H, Ghasemi M, Peng Z, Zhang J, Rech JJ, You W, Yan H, Ade H. The Role of Demixing and Crystallization Kinetics on the Stability of Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2005348. [PMID: 33150638 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With power conversion efficiency now over 17%, a long operational lifetime is essential for the successful application of organic solar cells. However, most non-fullerene acceptors can crystallize and destroy devices, yet the fundamental underlying thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of acceptor crystallization have received limited attention. Here, room-temperature (RT) diffusion coefficients of 3.4 × 10-23 and 2.0 × 10-22 are measured for ITIC-2Cl and ITIC-2F, two state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors. The low coefficients are enough to provide for kinetic stabilization of the morphology against demixing at RT. Additionally profound differences in crystallization characteristics are discovered between ITIC-2F and ITIC-2Cl. The differences as observed by secondary-ion mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and microscopy can be related directly to device degradation and are attributed to the significantly different nucleation and growth rates, with a difference in the growth rate of a factor of 12 at RT. ITIC-4F and ITIC-4Cl exhibit similar characteristics. The results reveal the importance of diffusion coefficients and melting enthalpies in controlling the growth rates, and that differences in halogenation can drastically change crystallization kinetics and device stability. It is furthermore delineated how low nucleation density and large growth rates can be inferred from DSC and microscopy experiments which could be used to guide molecular design for stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Hu
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Masoud Ghasemi
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeromy James Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Ma Y, Cai D, Wan S, Yin P, Wang P, Lin W, Zheng Q. Control over π-π stacking of heteroheptacene-based nonfullerene acceptors for 16% efficiency polymer solar cells. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1886-1895. [PMID: 34691530 PMCID: PMC8288506 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonfullerene acceptors are being investigated for use in polymer solar cells (PSCs), with their advantages of extending the absorption range, reducing the energy loss and therefore enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, to further boost the PCE, mobilities of these nonfullerene acceptors should be improved. For nonfullerene acceptors, the π-π stacking distance between cofacially stacked molecules significantly affects their mobility. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to increase the mobility of heteroheptacene-based nonfullerene acceptors by reducing their π-π stacking distances via control over the bulkiness of lateral side chains. Incorporation of 2-butyloctyl substituents into the nonfullerene acceptor (M36) leads to an increased mobility with a reduced π-π stacking distance of 3.45 Å. Consequently, M36 affords an enhanced PCE of 16%, which is the highest among all acceptor-donor-acceptor-type nonfullerene acceptors to date. This strategy of control over the bulkiness of side chains on nonfullerene acceptors should aid the development of more efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dongdong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shuo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Qingdong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
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39
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Wang W, Li Y, Zhan C, Xiao S, Tang C, Li G, Lu X, Zhang Q. Bis(thieno[3,2- b]thieno)cyclopentafluorene-Based Acceptor with Efficient and Comparable Photovoltaic Performance under Various Processing Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:49876-49885. [PMID: 33089683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend within a polymer solar cell (PSC) device plays a crucial role in its performance. The ideal morphology is generally achieved through molecular engineering and optimization under film processing conditions. Under different processing conditions, the deviation of the resulted morphology characteristics from the ideal one leads to the dispersion of device performance. For a specific donor/acceptor BHJ blend, it is of great challenge to maintain an efficient and comparable photovoltaic performance under various processing conditions. The solution to this challenge would be of great value in offering more choices for a suitable processing technology in practical applications. Based on the acceptor BTTFIC with the core of bis(thieno[3,2-b]thieno)cyclopentafluorene (BTTF) in our previous work, we chemically modified BTTFIC by fluorination of the end groups of 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanones (IC) and the switching part of octyls in BTTF with 4-hexylphenyls to offer a novel acceptor (BTTFIC4F-Ar). The inverted PBDB-T-2Cl:BTTFIC4F-Ar blend device provided an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.61, 11.08, and 11.55% when processed under solvent annealing (SA), thermal annealing (TA), and additive treatment with 1,8-diodooctane (DIO), respectively. Different from the reported discrete performance under various processing conditions for a specific donor/acceptor BHJ blend, a low mean absolute performance deviation of 3% was attained. This slight enhancement trend was unexceptionally reflected on charge generation, transportation, and recombination within the blend films from SA, TA, and DIO conditions. A slightly improved ordering of BTTFIC4F-Ar within the DIO blend was observed. Meanwhile, very similar molecular packings as well as a close amorphous domain size of the mixture of PBDB-T-2Cl and BTTFIC4F-Ar within the three blends were observed. These morphological characteristics are in good agreement with the photoelectrical conversion performance of the blends under the three processing conditions. Furthermore, similar attenuation behaviors in performance were also observed. This investigation may provide new guidance on the molecular engineering of nonfullerene acceptors to achieve an efficient BHJ blend with more options for a suitable and cost-effective processing method in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chenqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Gongchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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40
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Zhang ZG, Bai Y, Li Y. Benzotriazole Based 2D-conjugated Polymer Donors for High Performance Polymer Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Hou R, Li M, Ma X, Huang H, Lu H, Jia Q, Liu Y, Xu X, Li HB, Bo Z. Noncovalently Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors with C2v Symmetry for Regulating the Morphology of Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:46220-46230. [PMID: 32938186 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four noncovalently fused-ring electron acceptors p-DOC6-2F, o-DOC6-2F, o-DOC8-2F, and o-DOC2C6-2F have been designed and synthesized. p-DOC6-2F and o-DOC6-2F have the same molecular backbone but different molecular shapes and symmetries. p-DOC6-2F has an S-shaped molecular backbone and C2h symmetry, whereas o-DOC6-2F possesses a U-shaped molecular backbone and C2v symmetry. The molecular shape and symmetry can influence the dipole moment, solubility, optical absorption, energy level, molecular packing, and film morphology. Compared with the corresponding p-DOC6-2F, o-DOC6-2F exhibits better solubility, a wider band gap, and a larger dipole moment. When blended with the donor polymer PBDB-T, the C2v symmetric o-DOC6-2F can form an appropriate active layer morphology, whereas the C2h symmetric p-DOC6-2F forms oversized domains. Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on p-DOC6-2F, o-DOC6-2F, o-DOC8-2F, and o-DOC2C6-2F obtained power conversion efficiencies of 9.23, 11.87, 11.23, and 10.80%, respectively. The result reveals that the molecular symmetry can facilely regulate the performance of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hou
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Jia
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, P. R. China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xinjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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42
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Pankow RM, Thompson BC. The development of conjugated polymers as the cornerstone of organic electronics. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Zhou Y, Qin Y, Ni C, Xie Y. Effect of chlorination and fluorination of benzothiadiazole on the performance of polymer solar cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang PR China
| | - Yuancheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang PR China
| | - Cailing Ni
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang PR China
| | - Yu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources RecycleNanchang Hangkong University Nanchang PR China
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44
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Wienhold KS, Weindl CL, Yin S, Tian T, Schwartzkopf M, Rothkirch A, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Following In Situ the Evolution of Morphology and Optical Properties during Printing of Thin Films for Application in Non-Fullerene Acceptor Based Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40381-40392. [PMID: 32805887 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In situ printing gives insight into the evolution of morphology and optical properties during slot-die coating of active layers for application in organic solar cells and enables an upscaling and optimization of the thin film deposition process and the photovoltaic performance. Active layers based on the conjugated polymer donor with benzodithiophene units PBDB-T-2Cl and the non-fullerene small-molecule acceptor IT-4F are printed with a slot-die coating technique and probed in situ with grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and ultraviolet/visible light spectroscopy. The formation of the morphology is followed from the liquid state to the final dry film for different printing conditions (at 25 and 35 °C), and five regimes of film formation are determined. The morphological changes are correlated to changing optical properties. During the film formation, crystallization of the non-fullerene small-molecule acceptor takes place and polymer domains with sizes of some tens of nanometers emerge. A red shift of the optical band gap and a broadening of the absorbance spectrum occurs, which allow for exploiting the sun spectrum more efficiently and are expected to have a favorable effect on the solar cell performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin S Wienhold
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian L Weindl
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ting Tian
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - André Rothkirch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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45
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Keshtov ML, Kuklin SA, Dou C, Koukaras EN, Singhal R, Malhotra P, Sharma GD. Enhancement of photovoltaic efficiency through fine adjustment of indacene‐based non‐fullerene acceptor by minimal chlorination for polymer solar cells. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mukhamed L. Keshtov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Sergei A. Kuklin
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Chuandong Dou
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Emmanuel N. Koukaras
- Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry Department of Chemistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki GR‐54124 Greece
| | - Rahul Singhal
- Department of Physics Malviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Rajasthan 302017 India
| | - Prateek Malhotra
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jaipur Rajasthan 302017 India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jaipur Rajasthan 302017 India
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46
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Zhao Q, Qu J, He F. Chlorination: An Effective Strategy for High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000509. [PMID: 32714759 PMCID: PMC7375252 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work summarizes recent developments in polymer solar cells (PSCs) prepared by a chlorination strategy. The intrinsic property of chlorine atoms, the progress of chlorinated polymers and small molecules, and the synergistic effect of chlorination with other methods to elevate solar conversions are discussed. Halogenation of donor-acceptor (D-A) materials is an effective method to improve the performance of PSCs, which mainly affects the push-pull of electrons between donor and acceptor units due to their strong electron-withdrawing capabilities. Although chlorine is less electronegative than fluorine, it can form very strong noncovalent interactions, such as Cl···S and Cl···π interactions, because its empty 3d orbits can help to accept the electron pairs or π electrons. This synergistic effect of electronegativity together with the empty 3d orbits of chlorine atoms leads to increased intramolecular and intermolecular interactions and a much stronger capability to down-shift the molecular energy levels. This work is intended to support a better understanding of the chlorination strategy to modify the material properties, and thus improve the performance of solar devices. Eventually, it will provide the research community with a clearer pathway to choose proper substitution methods according to different situations for high and stable solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Jianfei Qu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of CatalysisSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
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Mo D, Chen H, Zhu Y, Huang HH, Chao P, He F. Synergistic Effect of Alkyl Chain and Chlorination Engineering on High-Performance Nonfullerene Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28329-28336. [PMID: 32483967 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three new nonfullerene acceptors (BT6IC-BO-4Cl, BT6IC-HD-4Cl, and BT6IC-OD-4Cl), which comprise a central fused benzothiadiazole core and two dichlorinated end groups and substituted with different branched alkyl chains [2-butyloctyl (BO), longer 2-hexyldecyl (HD), and 2-octyldodecyl (OD)], are successfully designed and prepared. The influences of the branched alkyl chain with different lengths on the electronic/optoelectronic property, electrochemistry, and photovoltaic performance are systematically investigated. It has been revealed that BT6IC-HD-4Cl, which had the medium alkyl chain (2-hexyldecyl) length, has the best photovoltaic performance when using PDBT-TF as the electron donor. The BT6IC-HD-4Cl-based device shows an impressive power conversion efficiency of 14.90%, much higher than BT6IC-BO-4Cl (14.45%)- and BT6IC-OD-4Cl (9.60%)-based devices. All these evidence shows that the subtle changes in the alkyl substituent of these high-performance chlorinated acceptors can have a big impact on the structural order and molecular packing of the resultant nonfullerene acceptors and ultimately on the photovoltaic performance of the final solar devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daize Mo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hsin-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pengjie Chao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Jiang H, Li X, Wang H, Huang G, Chen W, Zhang R, Yang R. Appropriate Molecular Interaction Enabling Perfect Balance Between Induced Crystallinity and Phase Separation for Efficient Photovoltaic Blends. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:26286-26292. [PMID: 32397712 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorination is a promising modification method to adjust the photophysical profiles of organic semiconductors. Notably, the fluorine modification on donor or acceptor materials could impact the molecular interaction, which is strongly related to the morphology of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends and the resultant device performance. Therefore, it is essential to investigate how the molecular interaction affects the morphology of BHJ films. In this study, a new fluorinated polymer PBDB-PSF is synthesized to investigate the molecular interaction in both nonfluorinated (ITIC) and fluorinated (IT-4F) systems. The results reveal that the F-F interaction in the PBDB-PSF:IT-4F system could effectively induce the crystallization of IT-4F while retaining the ideal phase separation scale, resulting in outstanding charge transport. On the contrary, poor morphology can be observed in the PBDB-PSF:ITIC system because of the unbalanced molecular interaction. As a consequence, the PBDB-PSF:IT-4F device delivers an excellent power conversion efficiency of 13.63%, which greatly exceeds that of the PBDB-PSF:ITIC device (9.84%). These results highlight manipulating the micromorphology with regard to molecular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxiang Jiang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Gongyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Weichao Chen
- College of Textiles & Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ma R, Luo Z, Liu T, Kang SH, Yan H, Yuan Z, Yang C, Chen Y. Wide Band-gap Two-dimension Conjugated Polymer Donors with Different Amounts of Chlorine Substitution on Alkoxyphenyl Conjugated Side Chains for Non-fullerene Polymer Solar Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yuan J, Zhang C, Chen H, Zhu C, Cheung SH, Qiu B, Cai F, Wei Q, Liu W, Yin H, Zhang R, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang H, Liu W, Peng H, Yang J, Meng L, Gao F, So S, Li Y, Zou Y. Understanding energetic disorder in electron-deficient-core-based non-fullerene solar cells. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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