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Liu C, Liang H, Xie R, Zhou Q, Qi M, Yang C, Gu X, Wang Y, Zhang G, Li J, Gong X, Chen J, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Ge X, Wang Y, Yang C, Liu Y, Liu X. A Three-in-One Hybrid Strategy for High-Performance Semiconducting Polymers Processed from Anisole. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401345. [PMID: 38647436 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The development of semiconducting polymers with good processability in green solvents and competitive electrical performance is essential for realizing sustainable large-scale manufacturing and commercialization of organic electronics. A major obstacle is the processability-performance dichotomy that is dictated by the lack of ideal building blocks with balanced polarity, solubility, electronic structures, and molecular conformation. Herein, through the integration of donor, quinoid and acceptor units, an unprecedented building block, namely TQBT, is introduced for constructing a serial of conjugated polymers. The TQBT, distinct in non-symmetric structure and high dipole moment, imparts enhanced solubility in anisole-a green solvent-to the polymer TQBT-T. Furthermore, PTQBT-T possess a highly rigid and planar backbone owing to the nearly coplanar geometry and quinoidal nature of TQBT, resulting in strong aggregation in solution and localized aggregates in film. Remarkably, PTQBT-T films spuncast from anisole exhibit a hole mobility of 2.30 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is record high for green solvent-processable semiconducting polymers via spin-coating, together with commendable operational and storage stability. The hybrid building block emerges as a pioneering electroactive unit, shedding light on future design strategies in high-performance semiconducting polymers compatible with green processing and marking a significant stride towards ecofriendly organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Liang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Runze Xie
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Quanfeng Zhou
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Miao Qi
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chongqing Yang
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Jinlun Li
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Gong
- College of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zesheng Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ge
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyu Wang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
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Ijaz S, Raza E, Ahmad Z, Mehmood H, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ, Massoud Y. A numerical approach to optimize the performance of HTL-free carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells using organic ETLs. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29091. [PMID: 38596139 PMCID: PMC11002682 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells (c-PSCs) without a hole transport layer (HTL) have obtained a significant interest owing to their cost-effective, stable, and simplified structure. However, their application is limited by low efficiency and the prevalence of high-temperature processed electron transport layer (ETL), e.g. TiO2, which also has poor optoelectronic properties, including low conductivity and mobility. In this study, a series of organic materials, namely PCBM ((Park et al., 2023; Park et al., 2023) [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, C72H14O2), Alq3 (Al(C9H6NO)3), BCP (2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, C26H20N2), C60, ICBA (indene-C60 bisadduct, C78H16) and PEIE (poly (ethylenimine) ethoxylated, (C37H24O6N2)n) have been numerically analyzed in SCAPS-1D solar simulator to explore alternative potential ETL materials for HTL-free c-PSCs. The presented device has FTO/ETL/CH3NH3PbI3/carbon structure, and its performance is optimized based on significant design parameters. The highest achieved PCEs for PCBM, Alq3, BCP, C60, ICBA, and PEIE-based devices are 22.85%, 19.08%, 20.99%, 25.51%, 23.91%, and 22.53%, respectively. These PCEs are obtained for optimum absorber thickness for each case, with an acceptor concentration of 1.0 × 1017 cm-3 and defect density of 2.5 × 1013 cm-3. The C60-based cell has been found to outperform with device parameters as Voc of 1.29 V, Jsc of 23.76 mA/cm2, and FF of 82.67%. As the design lacks stability when only organic materials are employed, each of the presented devices have been analyzed by applying BiI3, LiF, and ZnO as protective layers with the performances not compromised. We believe that our obtained results will be of great interest in developing stable and efficient HTL-free c-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbel Ijaz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab (ITU), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Raza
- Qatar University Young Scientists Center (QUYSC), Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Qatar University Young Scientists Center (QUYSC), Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haris Mehmood
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab (ITU), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab (ITU), 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yehia Massoud
- Innovative Technologies Laboratories (ITL), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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Zhou Q, Liu C, Li J, Xie R, Zhang G, Ge X, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Chen J, Gong X, Yang C, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu X. A skeletal randomization strategy for high-performance quinoidal-aromatic polymers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:283-296. [PMID: 37943155 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01143g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the solution-processability of conjugated polymers (CPs) without diminishing their thin-film crystallinity is crucial for optimizing charge transport in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, this presents a classic "Goldilocks zone" dilemma, as conventional solubility-tuning methods for CPs typically yield an inverse correlation between solubility and crystallinity. To address this fundamental issue, a straightforward skeletal randomization strategy is implemented to construct a quinoid-donor conjugated polymer, PA4T-Ra, that contains para-azaquinodimethane (p-AQM) and oligothiophenes as repeat units. A systematic study is conducted to contrast its properties against polymer homologues constructed following conventional solubility-tuning strategies. An unusually concurrent improvement of solubility and crystallinity is realized in the random polymer PA4T-Ra, which shows moderate polymer chain aggregation, the highest crystallinity and the least lattice disorder. Consequently, PA4T-Ra-based OFETs, fabricated under ambient air conditions, deliver an excellent hole mobility of 3.11 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is about 30 times higher than that of the other homologues and ranks among the highest for quinoidal CPs. These findings debunk the prevalent assumption that a random polymer backbone sequence results in decreased crystallinity. The considerable advantages of the skeletal randomization strategy illuminate new possibilities for the control of polymer aggregation and future design of high-performance CPs, potentially accelerating the development and commercialization of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfeng Zhou
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Cheng Liu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Jinlun Li
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Runze Xie
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiang Ge
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Zesheng Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiu Gong
- College of Physics, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuanyu Wang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Ren S, Yassar A. Recent Research Progress in Indophenine-Based-Functional Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Optoelectronic Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2474. [PMID: 36984354 PMCID: PMC10056103 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights selected examples, published in the last three to four years, of recent advance in the design, synthesis, properties, and device performance of quinoidal π-conjugated materials. A particular emphasis is placed on emerging materials, such as indophenine dyes that have the potential to enable high-performance devices. We specifically discuss the recent advances and design guidelines of π-conjugated quinoidal molecules from a chemical standpoint. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this review is the first compilation of literature on indophenine-based semiconducting materials covering their scope, limitations, and applications. In the first section, we briefly introduce some of the organic electronic devices that are the basic building blocks for certain applications involving organic semiconductors (OSCs). We introduce the definition of key performance parameters of three organic devices: organic field effect transistors (OFET), organic photovoltaics (OPV), and organic thermoelectric generators (TE). In section two, we review recent progress towards the synthesis of quinoidal semiconducting materials. Our focus will be on indophenine family that has never been reviewed. We discuss the relationship between structural properties and energy levels in this family of molecules. The last section reports the effect of structural modifications on the performance of devices: OFET, OPV and TE. In this review, we provide a general insight into the association between the molecular structure and electronic properties in quinoidal materials, encompassing both small molecules and polymers. We also believe that this review offers benefits to the organic electronics and photovoltaic communities, by shedding light on current trends in the synthesis and progression of promising novel building blocks. This can provide guidance for synthesizing new generations of quinoidal or diradical materials with tunable optoelectronic properties and more outstanding charge carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institution, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Guangdong 519000, China;
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Liu H, Liu D, Yang J, Gao H, Wu Y. Flexible Electronics Based on Organic Semiconductors: from Patterned Assembly to Integrated Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206938. [PMID: 36642796 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic flexible electronic devices are at the forefront of the electronics as they possess the potential to bring about a major lifestyle revolution owing to outstanding properties of organic semiconductors, including solution processability, lightweight and flexibility. For the integration of organic flexible electronics, the precise patterning and ordered assembly of organic semiconductors have attracted wide attention and gained rapid developments, which not only reduces the charge crosstalk between adjacent devices, but also enhances device uniformity and reproducibility. This review focuses on recent advances in the design, patterned assembly of organic semiconductors, and flexible electronic devices, especially for flexible organic field-effect transistors (FOFETs) and their multifunctional applications. First, typical organic semiconductor materials and material design methods are introduced. Based on these organic materials with not only superior mechanical properties but also high carrier mobility, patterned assembly strategies on flexible substrates, including one-step and two-step approaches are discussed. Advanced applications of flexible electronic devices based on organic semiconductor patterns are then highlighted. Finally, future challenges and possible directions in the field to motivate the development of the next generation of flexible electronics are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Junchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hanfei Gao
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Lin L, Wang C, Deng Y, Geng Y. Isomerically Pure Oxindole-Terminated Quinoids for n-Type Organic Thin-Film Transistors Enabled by the Chlorination of Quinoidal Core. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203336. [PMID: 36456528 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Quinoidal compounds have great potential utility as high-performance organic semiconducting materials because of their rigid planar structures and extended π-conjugation. However, the existence of E and Z isomers adversely affects the charge-transport properties of quinoidal compounds. In this study, three isomerically pure oxindole-terminated quinoids were developed by introducing chlorine atoms in the quinoidal core. The synthesized quinoids were confirmed to have a Z,Z configuration by means of 1 H NMR spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Importantly, the strategy of chlorination allowed to maintain low-lying frontier molecular orbital energy levels and ensure favorable intermolecular packing. Consequently, all three quinoidal compounds showed n-type transport characteristics in organic thin-film transistors, with electron mobilities up to 0.35 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is the highest value reported to date for oxindole-terminated quinoids. Our study can provide new guidelines for the design of isomerically pure quinoids with high electron mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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Du T, Liu Y, Wang C, Deng Y, Geng Y. n-Type Conjugated Polymers Based on an Indandione-Terminated Quinoidal Building Block. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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Liu X, Shi Y, Zhou Q, Liu J, Jiang L, Han Y. Small Molecule: Polymer Blends for N‐type Organic Thin Film Transistors via Bar‐coating in Air. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
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Pan L, Zhan T, Oh J, Zhang Y, Tang H, Yang M, Li M, Yang C, Liu X, Cai P, Duan C, Huang F, Cao Y. N-Type Quinoidal Polymers Based on Dipyrrolopyrazinedione for Application in All-Polymer Solar Cells. Chemistry 2021; 27:13527-13533. [PMID: 34406681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated molecules and polymers with intrinsic quinoidal structure are promising n-type organic semiconductors, which have been reported for application in field-effect transistors and thermoelectric devices. In principle, the molecular and electronic characteristics of quinoidal polymers can also enable their application in organic solar cells. Herein, two quinoidal polymers, named PzDP-T and PzDP-ffT, based on dipyrrolopyrazinedione were synthesized and used as electron acceptors in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Both PzDP-T and PzDP-ffT showed suitable energy levels and wide light absorption range that extended to the near-infrared region. When combined with the polymer donor PBDB-T, the resulting all-PSCs based on PzDP-T and PzDP-ffT exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.33 and 2.37 %, respectively. This is the first report on the application of intrinsic quinoidal conjugated polymers in all-PSCs. The photovoltaic performance of the all-PSCs was revealed to be mainly limited by the relatively poor and imbalanced charge transport, considerable charge recombination. Detailed investigations on the structure-performance relationship suggested that synergistic optimization of light absorption, energy levels, and charge transport properties is needed to achieve more successful application of intrinsic quinoidal conjugated polymers in all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langheng Pan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mingqun Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Xi Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for New Textile Materials, School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Ping Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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