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Xu J, Guo Y, Tan Z, Ban W, Tian J, Chen K, Xu H. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of rad51 gene associated with gametogenesis in Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). Gene 2023; 887:147729. [PMID: 37619650 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Rad51 is a recA-like recombinase that plays a crucial role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks through homologous recombination during mitosis and meiosis in mammals and other organisms. However, its role in reptiles remains largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the physiological role of the rad51 gene in reptiles, particularly in Pelodiscus sinensis. Firstly, the cDNA of rad51 gene was cloned and analyzed in P. sinensis. The cloned cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1020 bp and encodeed a peptide of 339 amino acids. The multiple alignments and phylogenetic tree analysis of Rad51 showed that P. sinensis shares the high identity with Chelonia mydas (97.95%) and Mus musculus (95.89%). Secondly, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that rad51 mRNA was highly expressed in both ovary and testis, while being weak in the somatic tissues examined in this study. Furthermore, chemical in situ hybridization (CISH) was performed to examine the expression profile of rad51 mRNA in germ cells at different stages. In the testis, rad51 mRNA expression was found to be stronger in the germ cells at early stages, specifically in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, but it was undetectable in spermatids. In the ovary, rad51 mRNA exhibited a uniform distribution in the cytoplasm of oocytes at early stages. The signal intensity of rad51 mRNA was highest in primary oocytes and gradually declined during oogenesis as the oocytes developed. These results suggest that rad51 plays a vital role in the development of germ cells, particularly during the early stages of gametogenesis in P. sinensis. The dynamic expression pattern of rad51 mRNA provides insights into the mechanisms underlying germ cell development and differentiation into gametes in turtles, even in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Yonglin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zhimin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Wenzhuo Ban
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jiaming Tian
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Kaili Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
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Yu Y, Chen M, Shen ZG. Molecular biological, physiological, cytological, and epigenetic mechanisms of environmental sex differentiation in teleosts: A systematic review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115654. [PMID: 37918334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have been exerting widespread stress and environmental risks in aquatic ecosystems. Environmental stress, including temperature rise, acidification, hypoxia, light pollution, and crowding, had a considerable negative impact on the life histology of aquatic animals, especially on sex differentiation (SDi) and the resulting sex ratios. Understanding how the sex of fish responds to stressful environments is of great importance for understanding the origin and maintenance of sex, the dynamics of the natural population in the changing world, and the precise application of sex control in aquaculture. This review conducted an exhaustive search of the available literature on the influence of environmental stress (ES) on SDi. Evidence has shown that all types of ES can affect SDi and universally result in an increase in males or masculinization, which has been reported in 100 fish species and 121 cases. Then, this comprehensive review aimed to summarize the molecular biology, physiology, cytology, and epigenetic mechanisms through which ES contributes to male development or masculinization. The relationship between ES and fish SDi from multiple aspects was analyzed, and it was found that environmental sex differentiation (ESDi) is the result of the combined effects of genetic and epigenetic factors, self-physiological regulation, and response to environmental signals, which involves a sophisticated network of various hormones and numerous genes at multiple levels and multiple gradations in bipotential gonads. In both normal male differentiation and ES-induced masculinization, the stress pathway and epigenetic regulation play important roles; however, how they co-regulate SDi is unclear. Evidence suggests that the universal emergence or increase in males in aquatic animals is an adaptation to moderate ES. ES-induced sex reversal should be fully investigated in more fish species and extensively in the wild. The potential aquaculture applications and difficulties associated with ESDi have also been addressed. Finally, the knowledge gaps in the ESDi are presented, which will guide the priorities of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Shen
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China.
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Tan L, Liu Q, He Y, Zhang J, Hou J, Ren Y, Ma W, Wang Q, Shao C. Establishment and Characterization of a Spermatogonial Stem Cell Line from Tiger Puffer Fish ( Takifugu rubripes). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2959. [PMID: 37760359 PMCID: PMC10525247 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tiger puffer fish (Takifugu rubripes) has become the main fish species cultured in China since the last century because of its high economic value. Male and female tiger puffer fish need 2 and 3 years each to reach sexual maturity, which limits the development of breeding research for this species. In recent years, in vitro culture of fish spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have shown potential in aquaculture. In the present study, we established a spermatogenic stem cell line from T. rubripes (TrSSCs). TrSSCs were characterized by polygonal morphology, predominantly retained 44 chromosomes, and grew rapidly at 26 °C and in L-15. TrSSCs were still able to grow stably after more than one year of in vitro culture. TrSSCs showed positive alkaline phosphatase staining. TrSSCs expressed germ cell-associated genes, including dnd, ddx4, piwil, gfra1b, sox2, myca, nanog, ly75, and dazl, as determined by semiquantitative assays, and almost all cells were found to express the germ cell genes ddx4 and gfra1b in a fluorescence in situ hybridization assay. In vitro, induction experiments demonstrated the TrSSCs possessed the ability to differentiate into other types of cells. Our research has enriched the fish spermatogonial stem cell resource bank, which will provide an efficient research model for sex determination and sex control breeding in fish, establishing a foundation for subsequent breeding research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, China;
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Qian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Yangbin He
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Jilun Hou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China; (J.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yuqin Ren
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China; (J.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Wenxiu Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
| | - Qian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changwei Shao
- National Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (W.M.)
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Lu M, Zhang QC, Zhu ZY, Peng F, Li Z, Wang Y, Li XY, Wang ZW, Zhang XJ, Zhou L, Gui JF. An efficient approach to synthesize sterile allopolyploids through the combined reproduction mode of ameiotic oogenesis and sperm-egg fusion in the polyploid Carassius complex. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:1038-1050. [PMID: 37173259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The association between polyploidy and reproduction transition, which is an intriguing issue in evolutionary genetics, can also be exploited as an approach for genetic improvement in agriculture. Recently, we generated novel amphitriploids (NA3n) by integrating the genomes of the gynogenetic Carassius gibelio and sexual C. auratus, and found gynogenesis was recovered in most NA3n females (NA3n♀I). Here, we discovered a unique reproduction mode, termed ameio-fusiongenesis, which combines the abilities of both ameiotic oogenesis and sperm-egg fusion, in a few NA3n females (NA3n♀II). These females inherited ameiotic oogenesis to produce unreduced eggs from gynogenetic C. gibelio and sperm-egg fusion from sexual C. auratus. Subsequently, we utilized this unique reproduction mode to generate a group of synthetic alloheptaploids by crossing NA3n♀II with Megalobrama amblycephala. They contained all chromosomes of maternal NA3n♀II and a chromosomal set of paternal M. amblycephala. Intergenomic chromosome translocations between NA3n♀II and M. amblycephala were also observed in a few somatic cells. Primary oocytes of the alloheptaploid underwent severe apoptosis owing to incomplete double-strand break repair at prophase I. Although spermatocytes displayed similar chromosome behavior at prophase I, they underwent apoptosis due to chromosome separation failure at metaphase I. Therefore, the alloheptaploid females and males were all sterile. Finally, we established a sustainable clone for the large-scale production of NA3n♀II and developed an efficient approach to synthesize diverse allopolyploids containing genomes of different cyprinid species. These findings not only broaden our understanding of reproduction transition but also offer a practical strategy for polyploidy breeding and heterosis fixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qin-Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi-Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Chu WK, Huang SC, Chang CF, Wu JL, Gong HY. Infertility control of transgenic fluorescent zebrafish with targeted mutagenesis of the dnd1 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Front Genet 2023; 14:1029200. [PMID: 36713075 PMCID: PMC9881232 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1029200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgenic technology and selective breeding have great potential for the genetic breeding in both edible fish and ornamental fish. The development of infertility control technologies in transgenic fish and farmed fish is the critical issue to prevent the gene flow with wild relatives. In this study, we report the genome editing of the dead end (dnd1) gene in the zebrafish model, using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to achieve a loss-of-function mutation in both wild-type zebrafish and transgenic fluorescent zebrafish to develop complete infertility control technology of farmed fish and transgenic fish. We effectively performed targeted mutagenesis in the dnd1 gene of zebrafish with a single gRNA, which resulted in a small deletion (-7 bp) or insertion (+41 bp) in exon 2, leading to a null mutation. Heterozygotes and homozygotes of dnd1-knockout zebrafish were both selected by genotyping in the F 1 and F 2 generations. Based on a comparison of histological sections of the gonads between wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous dnd1 zebrafish mutants, the dnd1 homozygous mutation (aa) resulted in the loss of germ cells. Still, there was no difference between the wild-type (AA) and dnd1 heterozygous (Aa) zebrafish. The homozygous dnd1 mutants of adult zebrafish and transgenic fluorescent zebrafish became all male, which had normal courtship behavior to induce wild-type female zebrafish spawning. However, they both had no sperm to fertilize the spawned eggs from wild-type females. Thus, all the unfertilized eggs died within 10 h. The targeted mutagenesis of the dnd1 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology is stably heritable by crossing of fertile heterozygous mutants to obtain sterile homozygous mutants. It can be applied in the infertility control of transgenic fluorescent fish and genetically improved farmed fish by selective breeding to promote ecologically responsible aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Kwan Chu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chin Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Gong
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan,Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Hong-Yi Gong,
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Shiguemoto GF, Coelho GCZ, López LS, Pessoa GP, Dos Santos SCA, Senhorini JA, Monzani PS, Yasui GS. Primordial germ cell identification and traceability during the initial development of the Siluriformes fish Pseudopimelodus mangurus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1137-1153. [PMID: 35925505 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are responsible for generating all germ cells. Therefore, they are essential targets to be used as a tool for the production of germline chimeras. The labeling and route of PGCs were evaluated during the initial embryonic development of Pseudopimelodus mangurus, using whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and mRNA microinjection in zygotes. A specific antisense RNA probe constituted by a partial coding region from P. mangurus nanos3 mRNA was synthesized for the WISH method. RNA microinjection was performed using the GFP gene reporter regulated by translation regulatory P. mangurus buc and nanos3 3'UTR sequences, germline-specific markers used to describe in vivo migration of PGCs. Nanos3 and buc gene expression was evaluated in tissues for male and female adults and initial development phases and larvae from the first to seventh days post-hatching. The results from the WISH technique indicated the origin of PGCs in P. mangurus from the aggregations of nanos3 mRNA in the cleavage grooves and the signals obtained from nanos3 probes corresponded topographically to the migratory patterns of the PGCs reported for other fish species. Diffuse signals were observed in all blastomeres until the 16-cell stage, which could be related to the two sequences of the nanos3 3'UTR observed in the P. mangurus unfertilized egg transcriptome. Microinjection was not successful using GFP-Dr-nanos1 3'UTR mRNA and GFP-Pm-buc 3'UTR mRNA and allowed the identification of potential PGCs with less than 2% efficiency only and after hatching using GFP-Pm-nanos3 3'UTR. Nanos3 and buc gene expression was reported in the female gonads and from fertilized eggs until the blastula phase. These results provide information about the PGC migration of P. mangurus and the possible use of PGCs for the future generation of germline chimeras to be applied in the conservation efforts of Neotropical Siluriformes species. This study can contribute to establishing genetic banks, manipulating organisms, and assisting in biotechnologies such as transplanting germ cells in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Fonseca Shiguemoto
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation /National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Geovanna Carla Zacheo Coelho
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation /National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Suárez López
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation /National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Pessanha Pessoa
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation /National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Augusto Senhorini
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation /National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Monzani
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation /National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - George Shigueki Yasui
- Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Fish Biotechnology, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation /National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Aquatic Biodiversity, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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The Divergent and Conserved Expression Profile of Turtle Nanog Gene Comparing with Fish and Mammals. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091342. [PMID: 36138820 PMCID: PMC9495436 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanog is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor, and it plays a vital role in maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Nanog’s function has been well studied in many species. However, there is lack of reporting on the Nanog gene in reptile. Here, we identified a 1032 bp cDNA sequence of a Nanog gene in Pelidiscus sinensis, known as PsNanog. PsNanog has a highly conserved HD domain and shares a high identity with that of Chelonia mydas and the lowest identity with Oryzias latipes. Similarly, PsNanog presented a tight cluster with C. mydas Nanog, but was far from those of teleosts. Additionally, we cloned a length of 1870 bp PsNanog promoter. Dual luciferase assay showed that the DNA fragment of −1560 to +1 exhibited a high promoter activity. The RT-PCR and RT-qPCR results showed that PsNanog was predominantly expressed in ovary, and then in testis. The in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis showed that PsNanog was expressed in the early primary oocytes and the cytoplasm of the cortical region of stage VIII oocytes in ovary, and distributed in most stages of germ cells in testis. Collectively, the results imply that PsNanog probably has the conserved function in regulating germ cell development across phyla and is also a pluripotent cell gene and expressed in germ cells, which is similar to that in teleosts and mammals.
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Vasa Is a Potential Germ Cell Marker in Leopard Coral Grouper ( Plectropomus leopardus). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061077. [PMID: 35741839 PMCID: PMC9222667 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasa (Ddx4, DEAD box polypeptide 4), an extremely specific marker of germ cells in vivo, is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that plays an essential role in germ cell development and gametogenesis. However, the expression and function information about this gene in groupers remains lacking. Here, vasa homolog termed Plvasa was isolated and identified Plvasa as a putative germ cell marker in the leopard coral grouper, (Plectropomus leopardus). Results indicated that Plvasa contained 17 exons in the genomic sequence and 9 conserved motifs of the DEAD-box protein by sequence analysis. The sequence comparison, phylogenetic analyses and synteny analyses showed that Plvasa was homologous with other teleosts. Additionally, the expression of Plvasa was significantly higher in gonads than in other tissues in adult individuals (p < 0.05). Further, the distribution of Plvasa revealed that it was only expressed in the germ cells, such as spermatids, germline stem cells and oocytes at different stages, and could not be detected in the somatic cells of gonads. The current study verified that the Plvasa gene is a valuable molecular marker of germ cells in leopard coral grouper, which potentially plays an important role in investigating the genesis and development of teleost germ cells.
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Restoring Genetic Resource through In Vitro Culturing Testicular Cells from the Cryo-Preserved Tissue of the American Shad ( Alosa sapidissima). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050790. [PMID: 35625518 PMCID: PMC9139001 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cryopreservation and in vitro culture of germ cells are key techniques for the genetic resource preservation of the declining population of American shad. Two types of cryopreserved samples, namely testis pieces and testicular cells of American shad, were comparatively analyzed for cell viability. The results showed that the cell viability of the cryopreserved testis pieces was much higher than that of the cryopreserved testicular cells. The viability of the cells from the cryopreserved testis pieces ranged from 65.2 ± 2.2 (%) to 93.8 ± 0.6 (%), whereas the viability of the dissociated cells after cryopreservation was 38.5 ± 0.8 (%) to 87.1 ± 2.6 (%). Moreover, the testicular cells isolated from the post-thaw testicular tissue could be cultured and propagated in vitro. Our findings would benefit further investigations on genetic resource preservation and other manipulations of germ cells in a commercially and ecologically important fish species. Abstract Germ cells, as opposed to somatic cells, can transmit heredity information between generations. Cryopreservation and in vitro culture of germ cells are key techniques for genetic resource preservation and cellular engineering breeding. In this study, two types of cryopreserved samples, namely testis pieces and testicular cells of American shad, were comparatively analyzed for cell viability. The results showed that the cell viability of the cryopreserved testis pieces was much higher than that of the cryopreserved testicular cells. The viability of cells from the cryopreserved testis pieces ranged from 65.2 ± 2.2 (%) to 93.8 ± 0.6 (%), whereas the viability of the dissociated cells after cryopreservation was 38.5 ± 0.8 (%) to 87.1 ± 2.6 (%). Intriguingly, the testicular cells from the post-thaw testicular tissue could be cultured in vitro. Likewise, most of the cultured cells exhibited germ cell properties and highly expressed Vasa and PCNA protein. This study is the first attempt to effectively preserve and culture the male germ cells through freezing tissues in the American shad. The findings of this study would benefit further investigations on genetic resource preservation and other manipulations of germ cells in a commercially and ecologically important fish species.
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Chen X, Zhu Y, Zhu T, Song P, Guo J, Zhong Y, Gui L, Li M. Vasa identifies germ cells in embryos and gonads of Oryzias celebensis. Gene X 2022; 823:146369. [PMID: 35240256 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasa is the most studied germ cell marker that is indispensable for germ cell development in teleost fishes. Here, a vasa full-length cDNA from Oryzias celebensis was isolated. Analysis of gene expression by reversed transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization showed the vasa transcript was maternally inherited and specifically expressed in germ cells during embryogenesis and in adult gonads. During embryogenesis, vasa mRNA was widely distributed in the embryos until the somitogenesis stage and then specifically expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs). In the testis, vasa expression was highest in spermatogonia and gradually decreased during spermatogenesis. In ovary, vasa expression was present predominantly in immature oocytes and persisted throughout oogenesis. Constructs containing green or red fluorescence proteins and vasa 3' UTR or dnd 3' UTR, confirmed stable vasa expression in the PGCs of O. celebensis and co-expression of the two genes. In summary, the conservation of vasa expression in embryonic and adult germ cells of both sexes compared to other vertebrates suggests its function is also widely conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Peng Song
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Mingyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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11
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Cloning and Expression Profiling of the Gene vasa during First Annual Gonadal Development of Cobia (Rachycentron canadum). FISHES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes7020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The vasa gene is essential for germ cell development and gametogenesis both in vertebrates and in invertebrates. In the present study, vasa (Rcvasa) cDNA was cloned from cobia (Rachycentron canadum) using the RACE amplification method. We found that the full-length cDNA sequence of Rcvasa comprises 2571 bp, containing a 5′-UTR of 145 bp, a 3′-UTR of 341 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 2085 bp, encoding a protein of 694 aa. The deduced amino acid sequence contains 8 conserved motifs of the DEAD-box protein family, 7 RGG repeats, and 10 RG repeats in the N-terminal region. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence with those of other teleosts revealed the highest percentage identity (86.0%) with Seriola quinqueradiata. By using semiquantitative RT-PCR, Rcvasa appeared to be specifically expressed in the testis and ovary, among 13 tissues analyzed. In addition, annual changes in Rcvasa expression levels were examined in the gonads by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of Rcvasa in the testis first increased significantly at 120 dph (stage II–III), then stabilized as the testis developed from 185 dph (stage III) to 360 dph (stage V). During the development of the ovary (stage I to II), the expression of Rcvasa first increased and reached the highest level at 210 dph (stage II), then decreased. Furthermore, the results of chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) revealed that Rcvasa mRNA was mainly expressed in germ cells and barely detected in somatic cells. In the testis, Rcvasa mRNA signal was concentrated in the periphery of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and secondary spermatocytes and was significantly weaker in spermatids and spermatozoa. In the ovary, Rcvasa mRNA signal was uniformly distributed in the perinuclear cytoplasm and was intense in early primary oocytes (stage I and II). These findings could provide a reference for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of vasa expression during the development of germ cells in cobia.
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12
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Du S, Zhou L, Wang X, Xu S, Li J, Song Z, Liu Q. Characterization of vasa and dnd homologs in summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus: Expression analysis and colocalization of PGCs during embryogenesis. Theriogenology 2022; 181:180-189. [PMID: 35121562 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is particularly important for germline formation. Many maternal-effect genes such as vasa, dnd, and nanos have been identified. However, the research on distribution patterns of PGCs in marine fish is limited. Vasa has been widely used as a germ cell marker to identify its origination in teleosts because vasa RNA is a component of germ plasm. Dnd is known to be an RNA binding protein that protects germline-specific RNAs from degradation. In this study, we isolated full-length vasa and dnd cDNA from summer flounder to track germ cell origination and their expression patterns by RT-PCR and ISH. The results demonstrated that deduced amino acid sequence of Pdvas and Pddnd shared typically conserved motifs of their homologues and demonstrated high identities with other teleosts. Both vasa and dnd transcripts were exclusively detected in germ cells of the gonads. During embryogenesis, vasa and dnd RNA were located at the cleavage furrows of early cleavage stages, and then through proliferation and migration they eventually moved to a location at the predetermined genital ridge. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that summer flounder belongs to the Euteleostei species, but vasa/dnd transcripts localized at the cleavage furrows was similar to that in zebrafish (Osteriophysans). This suggests that germ cells differentiating at early embryogenesis have no direct relation with phylogenesis. At the same time, we found the spatio-temporal expression pattern of dnd was highly consistent with vasa during this process, which indicated the important function of dnd in keeping the target RNA from being degraded to maintain germ cell fate. These results will provide further understanding of germ plasm localization and PGC differentiation in teleosts, and facilitate germ cell manipulation in marine fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuran Du
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhou
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing,Fujian Province University, Ningde, 352100, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihong Xu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zongcheng Song
- Weihai Shenghang Aquatic Product Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Weihai, 264319, China.
| | - Qinghua Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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13
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Crucial role of dead end gene for primordial germ cell survival in rice field eel (Monopterus albus). Theriogenology 2021; 176:188-193. [PMID: 34624813 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The dead end gene has been identified as a essential factor for Primordial germ cells (PGCs) migration and survival in many species, but its role in Monopterus albus is unclear. In order to clarify the function of dead end gene in M.albus PGCs migration and survival, we first characterized the expression profile of M.albus dead end (Madnd) in developing embryos and various tissues. qRT-PCR revealed that Madnd transcripts were exclusively detected in gonad, including ovary, testis and ovotestis.Embryos injected with a Madnd morpholino (Madnd-MO) exhibited down-regulation of the vasa gene. Furthermore, the GFP signal show the PGCs migration in control group were injected with GFP-nanos3 3'-UTR mRNA for visualization, as described in a previous study, yet it was disappeared after embryos injected with Madnd-MO.Finally, we characterized the genomics sequence of the Madnd gene and designed five gRNAs for genome editing. Three gRNAs were selected for microinjection according to the results of in vitro tests. gRNAd1 was used for microinjection with the Cas9 protein and was confirmed to be effective. Our analysis in this study suggested that Madnd play a key role in PGCs migration and survival in M. albus. These data provide the basis for the production of fast-growing and reproductively M.albus sterile.
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14
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Higaki S, Nishie T, Todo T, Teshima R, Kusumi K, Mitsumori R, Tooyama I, Fujioka Y, Kawasaki T, Sakai N, Takada T. Germ cell-specific expression of Venus by Tol2-mediated transgenesis in endangered endemic cyprinid Honmoroko (Gnathopogon caerulescens). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1341-1347. [PMID: 34189725 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fishes expressing a fluorescent protein in germ cells are useful to perform germ cell transfer experiments for conservation study. Nonetheless, no such fish has been generated in endangered endemic fishes. In this study, we tried to produce a fish expressing Venus fluorescent protein in germ cells using Honmoroko (Gnathopogon caerulescens), which is one of the threatened small cyprinid endemic to the ancient Lake Biwa in Japan. To achieve germ cell-specific expression of Venus, we used piwil1 (formally known as ziwi) promoter and Tol2 transposon system. Following the co-injection of the piwil1-Venus expression vector and the Tol2 transposase mRNA into fertilized eggs, presumptive transgenic fish were reared. At 7 months of post-fertilization, about 19% (10/52) of the examined larvae showed Venus fluorescence in their gonad specifically. Immunohistological staining and in vitro spermatogenesis using gonads of the juvenile founder fish revealed that Venus expression was detected in spermatogonia and spermatocyte in male, and oogonia and stage I and II oocytes in female. These results indicate that the Tol2 transposon and zebrafish piwil1 promoter enabled gene transfer and germ cell-specific expression of Venus in G. caerulescens. In addition, in vitro culture of juvenile spermatogonia enables the rapid validation of temporal expression of transgene during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Higaki
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nishie
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Takaaki Todo
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Reiko Teshima
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kusumi
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Risa Mitsumori
- Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Toshihiro Kawasaki
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Sakai
- Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Takada
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
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15
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Liu X, Li W, Yang Y, Chen K, Li Y, Zhu X, Ye H, Xu H. Transcriptome Profiling of the Ovarian Cells at the Single-Cell Resolution in Adult Asian Seabass. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647892. [PMID: 33855024 PMCID: PMC8039529 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is widely adopted for identifying the signature molecular markers or regulators in cells, as this would benefit defining or isolating various types of cells. Likewise, the signature transcriptome profile analysis at the single cell level would well illustrate the key regulators or networks involved in gametogenesis and gonad development in animals; however, there is limited scRNA-seq analysis on gonadal cells in lower vertebrates, especially in the sexual reversal fish species. In this study, we analyzed the molecular signature of several distinct cell populations of Asian seabass adult ovaries through scRNA-seq. We identified five cell types and also successfully validated some specific genes of germ cells and granulosa cells. Likewise, we found some key pathways involved in ovarian development that may concert germline-somatic interactions. Moreover, we compared the transcriptomic profiles across fruit fly, mammals, and fish, and thus uncovered the conservation and divergence in molecular mechanisms that might drive ovarian development. Our results provide a basis for studying the crucial features of germ cells and somatic cells, which will benefit the understandings of the molecular mechanisms behind gametogenesis and gonad development in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaili Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Ye
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sciences of Chongqing, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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16
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Imarazene B, Beille S, Jouanno E, Branthonne A, Thermes V, Thomas M, Herpin A, Rétaux S, Guiguen Y. Primordial Germ Cell Migration and Histological and Molecular Characterization of Gonadal Differentiation in Pachón Cavefish Astyanax mexicanus. Sex Dev 2021; 14:80-98. [PMID: 33691331 DOI: 10.1159/000513378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic regulatory network governing vertebrate gonadal differentiation appears less conserved than previously thought. Here, we investigated the gonadal development of Astyanax mexicanus Pachón cavefish by looking at primordial germ cells (PGCs) migration and proliferation, gonad histology, and gene expression patterns. We showed that PGCs are first detected at the 80% epiboly stage and then reach the gonadal primordium at 1 day post-fertilization (dpf). However, in contrast to the generally described absence of PGCs proliferation during their migration phase, PGCs number in cavefish doubles between early neurula and 8-9 somites stages. Combining both gonadal histology and vasa (germ cell marker) expression patterns, we observed that ovarian and testicular differentiation occurs around 65 dpf in females and 90 dpf in males, respectively, with an important inter-individual variability. The expression patterns of dmrt1, gsdf, and amh revealed a conserved predominant male expression during cavefish gonadal development, but none of the ovarian differentiation genes, i. e., foxl2a, cyp19a1a, and wnt4b displayed an early sexually dimorphic expression, and surprisingly all these genes exhibited predominant expression in adult testes. Altogether, our results lay the foundation for further research on sex determination and differentiation in A. mexicanus and contribute to the emerging picture that the vertebrate sex differentiation downstream regulatory network is less conserved than previously thought, at least in teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boudjema Imarazene
- INRAE, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des poissons, Rennes, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Séverine Beille
- INRAE, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des poissons, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Jouanno
- INRAE, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des poissons, Rennes, France
| | - Adéle Branthonne
- INRAE, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des poissons, Rennes, France
| | - Violette Thermes
- INRAE, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des poissons, Rennes, France
| | - Manon Thomas
- INRAE, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des poissons, Rennes, France
| | - Amaury Herpin
- INRAE, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des poissons, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Rétaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yann Guiguen
- INRAE, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des poissons, Rennes, France,
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17
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Fan X, Cui L, Hou T, Xue X, Zhang S, Wang Z. Stress responses of testicular development, inflammatory and apoptotic activities in male zebrafish (Danio rerio) under starvation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:103833. [PMID: 32818607 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food deprivation is a severe stress across multiple fields and challenged to organismal development and immune system. Here, adult male zebrafish were used to investigate the starvation stress on organismal development, spermatogenesis, testicular inflammation and apoptosis. Results showed that the biological indexes, blood parameters, and RNA/DNA ratio in testis dramatically decreased after 1-3 weeks of starvation. The testicular architecture was impaired and the spermatogenesis was retarded with increased proportions of spermatogonia and spermatocytes, and decreased proportion of spermatozoa in the starved fish. The mRNA expressions of amh and sycp3 were downregulated, the retinoic acid content increased at later stage of starvation through the transcriptional regulation of aldh1a2 and cyp26a1. Besides, the immune response was elevated with upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, which indicated the inflammation of opportunistic risk in testis. The apoptotic activity was stimulated, accompanied by differentially upregulated expressions of baxa, casp9, casp3, casp2, and decreased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the attenuate testis. Taken together, our findings revealed that the stress responses of testicular development, inflammatory and apoptotic activities in male zebrafish under starvation and pointed out the susceptibility of fish gonad to food fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Ling Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Tingting Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xue Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Zaizhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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18
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Zhou L, Wang X, Du S, Wang Y, Zhao H, Du T, Yu J, Wu L, Song Z, Liu Q, Li J. Germline Specific Expression of a vasa Homologue Gene in the Viviparous Fish Black Rockfish ( Sebastes schlegelii) and Functional Analysis of the vasa 3 ' Untranslated Region. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:575788. [PMID: 33330452 PMCID: PMC7732447 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.575788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cells play a key role in gonad development. As precursors, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are particularly important for germline formation. However, the origination and migration patterns of PGCs are poorly studied in marine fish, especially for viviparous economic species. The vasa gene has been widely used as a germ cell marker to identify a germline because vasa RNA is a component of germ plasm. In this study, we described the expression pattern of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) vasa (Ssvas) in gonadal formation and development by in situ hybridization. The results showed that Ssvas failed in localization at the cleavage furrows until the late gastrula stage, when PGCs appeared and migrated to the genital ridge and formed elongated gonadal primordia at 10 days after birth. This study firstly revealed the PGCs origination and migration characteristics in viviparous marine fish. Furthermore, we microinjected chimeric mRNA containing EGFP and the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of Ssvas into zebrafish (Danio rerio) and marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) fertilized eggs for tracing PGCs. We found that, although Sebastes schlegelii lacked early localization, similar to red seabream (Pagrus major) and marine medaka, only the 3′UTR of Ssvas vasa 3′UTR of black rockfish was able to label both zebrafish and marine medaka PGCs. In comparison with other three Euteleostei species, besides some basal motifs, black rockfish had three specific motifs of M10, M12, and M19 just presented in zebrafish, which might play an important role in labeling zebrafish PGCs. These results will promote germ cell manipulation technology development and facilitate artificial reproduction regulation in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuran Du
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Du
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lele Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongcheng Song
- Weihai Shenghang Aquatic Product Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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19
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Zhou L, Xu S, Lin F, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yu D, Liu Q, Li J. Both of marine fish species Oryzias melastigma and Pagrus major all failing in early localization at embryo stage by vasa RNA. Gene 2020; 769:145204. [PMID: 33031890 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Germ cells are essential for gonadal development. As precursors of germ cells, primordial germ cells (PGCs) are particularly important for germline formation. However, the research on distribution patterns of PGCs in marine fish is very limited, especially for economic species. The vasa gene has been widely used as marker to identify PGCs origination and migration because of vasa RNA is a component of germ plasm. In this study, we isolated full-length vasa cDNA (Omvas and Pmvas) from marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) and red seabream (Pagrus major), detected vasa transcripts in different tissues by RT-PCR and described vasa expression patterns during embryogenesis and gametogenesis by in situ hybridization. At the same time, we also explored the relationship between early distribution of germ plasm components and species evolution. The results demonstrated that deduced amino acid sequence of Omvas and Pmvas shared several conserved motifs of Vasa homologues and high identity with other teleost, and vasa transcripts were exclusively detected in early germ cells of gonad. During embryogenesis, vasa RNA of both fishes, like medaka (Oryzias latipes), failed to localize at cleavage furrows and distributed uniformly throughout each blastomere. This study firstly discovered that the marine economic fish, red seabream, lost vasa RNA early specific localization at cleavage furrows and distinctive distribution in germ cells. In addition, compared with other teleost, we found that early distribution of germ plasm might not relate to species evolution. This will improve our understanding of vasa localization modes in teleost, and facilitate fish germ cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shihong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yunong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Daode Yu
- Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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20
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Ye H, Takeuchi Y, Wu M, Yue H, Ruan R, Du H, Zhou C, Xiang H, Li C, Wei Q. Assessment of Yangtze sturgeon as recipient for the production of American paddlefish gametes through spermatogonia transplantation. Theriogenology 2020; 158:168-179. [PMID: 32961352 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius), one of the world's largest freshwater fish, was last seen alive in 2003; they are presumed now to be extinct. In fish, germ cell transplantation is currently known as one of the most powerful assisted reproductive technologies for the conservation of endangered species. In the event that a Chinese paddlefish is unexpectedly caught in the near future, we aimed to develop an experimental strategy to produce paddlefish gametes in the gonads of surrogate sturgeon. Spermatogonia were collected from the testes of 2.5-year-old immature male American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula), the species most closely related to the Chinese paddlefish, by Percoll gradient centrifugation, and transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) larvae at 7-8 days post-hatch. At two months post-transplantation, donor-derived spermatogonia had efficiently colonized in the recipient gonads and proliferated. A PCR analysis developed to detect xenogenic donor-derived mtDNA sequences in recipient gonads revealed that American paddlefish germ cells survived for at least seven months after transplantation in the gonads of Yangtze sturgeon recipients. These results show that the somatic microenvironment of Yangtze sturgeon gonads was able to support the colonization, proliferation, and survival of xenogeneic germ cells from a different taxonomic family. This study provides key information that could lead to future restoration of Chinese paddlefish using germ cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Yutaka Takeuchi
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, 927-0552, Japan
| | - Mengbin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Huamei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Rui Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Hao Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Congli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Hao Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Chuangju Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
| | - Qiwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China.
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21
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Ge S, Dan C, Xiong Y, Gong G, Mei J, Guo W, Li X. Identifying difference in primordial germ cells between XX female and XY male yellow catfish embryos. Gene 2020; 761:145037. [PMID: 32777526 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are singled out from somatic cells very early during embryogenesis, then they migrate towards the genital ridge and differentiate into gametes through oogenesis or spermatogenesis. Labeling PGCs with Localized RNAexpression (LRE) technique by fluorescent proteins has been widely applied among teleost species to study the germ cell development and gonad differentiation. In this study, we first cloned and characterized the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of nanos homolog 1-like (nos1l), dead end (dnd), and vasa in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), and then synthesized the GFP-nos1l/dnd/vasa 3'UTR mRNAs. Each of these three 3'UTRs could label PGCs in yellow catfish embryos, of which, vasa 3'UTR exhibited the highest labeling efficiency. To identify the differences in PGCs at embryonic stage, XX all-female and XY all-male yellow catfish embryos were produced and injected with GFP-vasa 3'UTR mRNA. We observed the PGC migration route in these two monosex embryos from 24 hpf to 7 dpf, and found there was no difference between them. Besides, the PGC number was counted at 48 hpf, and the result showed that the average PGC number in XX females (11.3) was significantly larger than that in XY males (8.1).These findings provide an insight into the development of PGCs in yellow catfish embryos and the relationship between embryonicPGCnumberand thelatergonaddifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ge
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Cheng Dan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yang Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gaorui Gong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenjie Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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22
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Meagre Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) Stem Spermatogonia: Histological Characterization, Immunostaining, In Vitro Proliferation, and Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050851. [PMID: 32423131 PMCID: PMC7278407 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The meagre, Argyrosomus regius, is a valued fish species of which aquaculture production might be supported by the development of a stem germ cell xenotransplantation technology. Meagre males were sampled at a fish farm in the Ionian Sea (Italy) at the beginning and end of the reproductive season. Small and large Type A undifferentiated spermatogonia were histologically identified in the germinal epithelium. Among the tested stemness markers, anti-oct4 and anti-vasa antibodies labeled cells likely corresponding to the small single Type A spermatogonia; no labeling was obtained with anti-GFRA1 and anti-Nanos2 antibodies. Two types of single A spermatogonia were purified via density gradient centrifugation of enzymatically digested testes. Testes from fish in active spermatogenesis resulted in a more efficient spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) yield. After cell seeding, meagre SSCs showed active proliferation from Day 7 to Day 21 and were cultured up to Day 41. After cryopreservation in dimethyl-sulfoxide-based medium, cell viability was 28.5%. In conclusion, these results indicated that meagre SSCs could be isolated, characterized, cultured in vitro, successfully cryopreserved, and used after thawing. This is a first step towards the development of a xenotransplantation technology that might facilitate the reproduction of this valuable species in captivity.
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23
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Li J, Ge W. Zebrafish as a model for studying ovarian development: Recent advances from targeted gene knockout studies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 507:110778. [PMID: 32142861 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian development is a complex process controlled by precise coordination of multiple factors. The targeted gene knockout technique is a powerful tool to study the functions of these factors. The successful application of this technique in mice in the past three decades has significantly enhanced our understanding on the molecular mechanism of ovarian development. Recently, with the advent of genome editing techniques, targeted gene knockout research can be carried out in many species. Zebrafish has emerged as an excellent model system to study the control of ovarian development. Dozens of genes related to ovarian development have been knocked out in zebrafish in recent years. Much new information and perspectives on the molecular mechanism of ovarian development have been obtained from these mutant zebrafish. Some findings have challenged conventional views. Several genes have been identified for the first time in vertebrates to control ovarian development. Focusing on ovarian development, the purpose of this review is to briefly summarize recent findings using these gene knockout zebrafish models, and compare these findings with mammalian models. These established mutants and rapid development of gene knockout techniques have prompted zebrafish as an ideal animal model for studying ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730070.
| | - Wei Ge
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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24
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Wang X, Bhandari RK. The dynamics of DNA methylation during epigenetic reprogramming of primordial germ cells in medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Epigenetics 2020; 15:483-498. [PMID: 31851575 PMCID: PMC7188396 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1695341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursors of eggs and sperm. How the PGCs epigenetically reprogram during early embryonic development in fish is currently unknown. Here we generated a series of PGC methylomes using whole genome bisulfite sequencing across key stages from 8 days post fertilization (dpf) to 25 dpf coinciding with germ cell sex determination and gonadal sex differentiation in medaka (Oryzias latipes) to elucidate the dynamics of DNA methylation during epigenetic reprogramming in germ cells. Our high-resolution DNA methylome maps show a global demethylation taking place in medaka PGCs in a two-step strategy. The first step occurs between the blastula and 8-dpf stages, and the second step occurs between the 10-dpf and 12-dpf stages. Both demethylation processes are global, except for CGI promoters which remain hypomethylated throughout the stage of PGC specification. De novo methylation proceeded at 25-dpf stage with the process in male germ cells superseding female germ cells. Gene expression analysis showed that tet2 maintains high levels of expression during the demethylation stage, while dnmt3ba expression increases during the de novo methylation stage during sexual fate determination in germ cells. The present results suggest that medaka PGCs undergo a bi-phasic epigenetic reprogramming process. Global erasure of DNA methylation marks peaks at 15-dpf and de novo methylation in male germ cells takes precedence over female germ cells at 25 dpf. Results also provide important insights into the developmental window of susceptibility to environmental stressors for multi- and trans-generational health outcomes in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegeng Wang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Ramji Kumar Bhandari
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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25
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Liu X, Tang Z, Zhang P, Zhu X, Chu Z, Li W, Xu H. Identification and characterization of DAZ family genes in Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2019; 332:258-268. [PMID: 31531931 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The DAZ family genes, including boule, dazl, and daz, play pivotal roles in germ cell development and differentiation during gametogenesis in organisms, which have been widely studied in mammals, reptiles, or fishes. Dazl was bisexual expressed in both mitotic and meiotic germ cells, daz was male premeiotic expressed, whereas boule exhibits largely in unisexual meiotic germ cells but bisexual expression in several fishes, however, there is lack of report on boule gene and the evolutionary conservation and divergence of dazl and boule in reptile. Here, both boule and dazl genes were characterized in Pelodiscus sinensis. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that boule and dazl were abundantly expressed in adult ovary and testis but barely in somatic tissues, such as heart, brain, liver, spleen, and kidney. Moreover, through fluorescent in situ hybridization, bisexual and germline-specific expression profiles of boule and dazl messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were demonstrated. Boule mRNA exhibited a maximal meiotic expression in spermatocytes, and a relatively low, but distinct expression in oocytes at meiotic stages in P. sinensis, similar to the expression profile of human boule in ovary. However, dazl mRNA was richly distributed in male germ cells at almost all stages during spermatogenesis, and predominantly expressed in most of stages of oocytes including premeiotic and meiotic stages. These findings imply that boule and dazl would play distinct roles in the sexual differentiation of germ cells during turtle gametogenesis, and the major functions of daz family members involved in germ cell differentiation would be conserved across species including P. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhoukai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Fishery School of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Piaoyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangjie Chu
- Fishery School of Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Xiao Q, Sun Y, Liang X, Zhang L, Onxayvieng K, Li Z, Li D. Visualizing primordial germ cell migration in embryos of rice field eel (Monopterus albus) using fluorescent protein tagged 3' untranslated regions of nanos3, dead end and vasa. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 235:62-69. [PMID: 31176867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In rice field eel (Monopterus albus), germ cell development in the developing gonad has been revealed in detail. However, it is unclear how primordial germ cells (PGCs) migrate to the somatic part of the gonad (genital ridge). This study visualized PGC migration by injecting a chimeric mRNA containing a fluorescent protein fused to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of three different genes, nanos3 of zebrafish (Danio rerio) and dead end (dnd) and vasa of rice field eel. The mRNAs were injected either alone or in pairs into embryos at the one-cell stage. The results showed that mRNAs containing nanos3 and dnd 3'UTRs labeled PGCs over a wider time frame than those containing vasa 3'UTR, suggesting that nanos3 and dnd 3'UTRs are suitable for visualizing PGCs in rice field eel. Using this direct visualization method, the normal migration route of PGCs was observed from the 50%-epiboly stage to hatching stage for the first time, and the ectopic PGCs were also visualized during this period in rice field eel. These findings extend our knowledge of germ cell development, and lay a foundation for further research on the relationship between PGCs and sex differentiation, and on incubation conditions for embryos in rice field eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xiao
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiqing Sun
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kommaly Onxayvieng
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Dapeng Li
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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27
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Li Y, Song W, Zhu YF, Zhu TY, Ma LB, Li MY. Evolutionarily conserved vasa identifies embryonic and gonadal germ cells in spinyhead croaker Collichthys lucidus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:772-780. [PMID: 30873617 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a 2198 bp full-length cDNA of spinyhead croaker Collichthys lucidus vasa gene encoding 616 amino-acid residues was obtained. Multiple alignment revealed that C. lucidus vasa has eight conserved characteristic motifs of the DEAD box protein family and has the highest identity to large yellow croaker Larimichthys croceas. Reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR and Western blot analyses indicated that the vasa messenger (m)RNA and Vasa protein are specifically expressed in the gonads in both sexes. In situ hybridisation (ISH) demonstrated that vasa RNA is exclusively detected in the germ cells in C. lucidus gonads and its temporospatial expression reveals a dynamic pattern during oogenesis. Surprisingly, C. lucidus vasa 3'UTR can direct stable and specific GFP expression in the primordial germ cells (PGC) of medaka Oryzias latipes embryos. Taken together, these results suggest that because C. lucidus vasa expression delineates critical stages of oogenesis, it may be a useful molecular marker for the identification of gonadal germ cells, facilitating the isolation and utilization of germ cells in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yei Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Bo Ma
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming You Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Vasconcelos ACN, Streit DP, Octavera A, Miwa M, Kabeya N, Yoshizaki G. The germ cell marker dead end reveals alternatively spliced transcripts with dissimilar expression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2407. [PMID: 30787383 PMCID: PMC6382762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the late 19th century, the Amazon species Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) has been exploited commercially and the climate change has contributed to decline in tambaqui numbers. Although germ cell cryopreservation and transplantation can help preserve the species’ genetic resources semipermanently, its germ cell behavior has not been analyzed to date. In this study, we isolated the tambaqui’s dead end gene (dnd) homolog (tdnd) and used it as a molecular marker for germ cells to obtain basic information essential for transplantation. The amino acid sequence showed 98% similarity and 53% identity with the zebrafish dnd. Phylogenetic analysis and the presence of consensus motifs known for dnd revealed that tdnd encodes the dnd ortholog and its transcript is detectable only in the testes and ovaries, showing a strong positive signal in oocytes and spermatogonia. The tambaqui possesses, at least, three different transcripts of tdnd which show dissimilar expression profile in undifferentiated and sexually mature animals, suggesting that they play distinct roles in germline development and they may influence the choice of donors for the cell transplantation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carina Nogueira Vasconcelos
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan. .,Johns Hopkins University, Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA.
| | - Danilo Pedro Streit
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Department of Animal Science, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Anna Octavera
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Misako Miwa
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Naoki Kabeya
- The University of Tokyo, Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Goro Yoshizaki
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
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29
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Liu W, Zhang H, Xiang Y, Jia K, Luo M, Yi M. Molecular characterization of vasa homologue in marbled goby, Oxyeleotris marmorata: Transcription and localization analysis during gametogenesis and embryogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 229:42-50. [PMID: 30590176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Identification of germ cell markers is important for investigating reproduction biology in fish. Vasa is one of the most studied germ cell markers in mammals and lower vertebrates including fish. Here, we characterized a vasa homologue from the fish marbled goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata), termed omvasa. The full length of omvasa cDNA is 2344 bp and encodes 658 amino acids, sharing high identities with Vasa homologues of other vertebrates. OmVasa protein contains 15 RG/RGG repeats at N-terminus, 2 ATPase motifs, as well as RNA unwinding and RNA binding domains at C-terminus. Phylogenetic tree showed that omVasa had the closest relationship with the Vasa homologue from the fish Boleophthalmus pectinirostris, the great blue-spotted mudskipper. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that omvasa was specifically transcribed in gonads, and the transcription level was gradually increased during oocyte development. The germ cell-specific distribution of omvasa mRNA was revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. In ovary, the signal of omvasa RNA displayed strong-weak-strong dynamics from oogonia over pre-vitellogenic oocytes to vitellogenic oocytes. In testis, omvasa signal was strong in spermatogonia, modest in spermatocytes but undetectable in spermatids and somatic cells. During embryogenesis, the transcription of omvasa mRNA was high at blastula stage, gradually decreased from gastrula stage and maintained at a low level in later developmental stages. Whole mount in situ hybridization indicated that omvasa mRNA was specific to primordial germ cells (PGCs). In summary, marbled goby vasa is a germ cell-specific transcript during gametogenesis, and can be used as an ideal marker for tracing PGC formation and migration, which is pivotal to germ cell manipulation in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangxi Xiang
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuntong Jia
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingfei Luo
- Zhuhai Modern Agriculture Development Center, Guangdong, China.
| | - Meisheng Yi
- Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
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Xu H, Zhu X, Li W, Tang Z, Zhao Y, Wu X. Isolation and in vitro culture of ovarian stem cells in Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7667-7677. [PMID: 29923352 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal cell lines provide valuable tools for studying gametogenesis, sex differentiation, and manipulating germ cells in reproductive biology. Female germline stem cells have been characterized and isolated from ovaries of mammalian species, including mice and human, but there has been very few studies on female germline stem cells in reptiles. Here, we described an ovarian stem cell-like line isolated and cultured from the Chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), designated as PSO1. The cells showed high alkaline phosphatase activity with a normal diploid karyotype. As shown by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the cells were positive for the expression of germ cell-specific genes, vasa and dazl, as well as a stem cell marker, nanog, but negative for the expression of the folliculogenesis-specific gene, figla. Likewise, through fluorescent immunostaining analyses, both the Dazl and Vasa proteins were detected abundantly in the cytoplasm of perinuclear region, whereas Nanog and PCNA were dominantly observed in the nuclei in PSO1 cells. Moreover, PSO1 cells transfected with pCS2:h2b-egfp could properly express the fusion protein in the nuclei. Taken together, the findings suggested that the germline stem cells exist in the ovary of juvenile Chinese soft-shell turtle and these cells can be isolated for a long-term in vitro culture under experimental conditions. This study has provided a valuable basis for further investigations on the molecular mechanisms whereby the germline stem cells develop and differentiate into gametes in turtles. Also, it has paved the way for studies on oogenesis in turtles, even in the other reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhoukai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Wu XL, Tang ZK, Li W, Chu ZJ, Hong XY, Zhu XP, Xu HY. Identifying the germ cells during embryogenesis and gametogenesis by germ-line gene vasa in an anadromous fish, American shad Alosa sapidissima. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 92:1422-1434. [PMID: 29573270 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
American shad Alosa sapidissima, an anadromous clupeid, exhibits variation in reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. It provides an excellent model for studying the behaviour of germ cells in anadromous fish during their migration from sea to river. The vasa gene was characterized in A. sapidissima as a germ-cell marker to elaborate the process of germ-cell development and differentiation in anadromous species. A complementary (c)DNA fragment of 819 bp, partial open reading frame (ORF), was cloned by degenerate PCR and named as ASvas. In adult A. sapidissima, vasa transcript was exclusively detected in gonads by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR. Through chromogenic in situ hybridization, the vasa messenger (m)RNA was specifically detected in primordial germ cells (PGC) in embryos and germ cells at early stages in ovary and testis. Besides, the cellular distribution profile of Vasa protein also proved that vasa gene could be used as a germ-line marker to trace the PGCs migration during embryogenesis and the germ-cell differentiation during gametogenesis in A. sapidissima. During embryogenesis, the migrating PGCs were clearly detected at tail-bud stage and the PGCs reached the genital ridge at the stage of pre-hatching stage in A. sapidissima embryos. During gametogenesis, the Vasa protein was dynamically expressed in differentiating germ cells at different stages in adult gonads. As far as we know, this is the first report to demonstrate the PGCs migration and germ-cell differentiation through vasa gene expression in the anadromous species. The findings will pave a way for investigating germ-cell development and maturation in the A. sapidissima and other anadromous fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Z K Tang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - W Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Z J Chu
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - X Y Hong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - X P Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - H Y Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
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Shang M, Su B, Perera DA, Alsaqufi A, Lipke EA, Cek S, Dunn DA, Qin Z, Peatman E, Dunham RA. Testicular germ line cell identification, isolation, and transplantation in two North American catfish species. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:717-733. [PMID: 29357082 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to transplant blue catfish germ line stem cells into blastulae of triploid channel catfish embryos to produce interspecific xenogenic catfish. The morphological structure of the gonads of blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) in ~ 90- to 100-day-old juveniles, two-year-old juveniles, and mature adults was studied histologically. Both oogonia (12-15 μm, diameter with distinct nucleus 7-8 μm diameter) and spermatogonia (12-15 μm, with distinct nucleus 6-7.5 μm diameter) were found in all ages of fish. The percentage of germ line stem cells was higher in younger blue catfish of both sexes. After the testicular tissue was trypsinized, a discontinuous density gradient centrifugation was performed using 70, 45, and 35% Percoll to enrich the percentage of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Four distinct cell bands were generated after the centrifugation. It was estimated that 50% of the total cells in the top band were type A spermatogonia (diameter 12-15 μm) and type B spermatogonia (diameter 10-11 μm). Germ cells were confirmed with expression of vasa. Blastula-stage embryos of channel catfish (I. punctatus) were injected with freshly dissociated blue catfish testicular germ cells as donor cells for transplantation. Seventeen days after the transplantation, 33.3% of the triploid channel catfish fry were determined to be xenogenic catfish. This transplantation technique was efficient, and these xenogenic channel catfish need to be grown to maturity to verify their reproductive capacity and to verify that for the first time SSCs injected into blastulae were able to migrate to the genital ridge and colonize. These results open the possibility of artificially producing xenogenic channel catfish males that can produce blue catfish sperm and mate with normal channel catfish females naturally. The progeny would be all C × B hybrid catfish, and the efficiency of hybrid catfish production could be improved tremendously in the catfish industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China
| | - Dayan A Perera
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- School of Agriculture, Fisheries and Human Sciences, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR, 71601, USA
| | - Ahmed Alsaqufi
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Aquaculture and Animal Production, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth A Lipke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Sehriban Cek
- Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200, İskenderun/Hatay, Turkey
| | - David A Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Eric Peatman
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Rex A Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Han K, Chen S, Cai M, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Nanos3 not nanos1 and nanos2 is a germ cell marker gene in large yellow croaker during embryogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 218:13-22. [PMID: 29331522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three nanos gene subtypes (Lcnanos1, Lcnanos2 and Lcnanos3) from Larimichthys crocea, were cloned and characterized. We determined the spatio-temporal expression patterns of each subtype in tissues as well as the cellular localization of mRNA in embryos. Results showed that deduced Nanos proteins have two main homology domains: N-terminal CCR4/NOT1 deadenylase interaction domain and highly conserved carboxy-terminal region bearing two conserved CCHC zinc-finger motifs. The expression levels of Lcnanos1 in testis were significantly higher than other tissues, followed by heart, brain, eye, and ovary. Nevertheless, both Lcnanos2 and Lcnanos3 were restrictedly expressed in testis and ovary, respectively. No signals of Lcnanos1 and Lcnanos2 expression were detected at any developmental stages during embryogenesis. On the contrary, the signals of Lcnanos3 were detected in all stages examined. Lcnanos3 transcripts were firstly localized to the distal end of cleavage furrow at the 2-cell stage. Subsequently, mounting positive signals started to appear in a small number of cells as the embryo developed to blastula stage and early-gastrula stage. As development proceeded, positive signals were found in the primitive gonadal ridge. These cells of Lcnanos3 positive signals implied the specification of the future PGCs at this stage. It also suggested that PGCs of croaker originate from four clusters of cells which inherit maternal germ plasm at blastula stage. Furthermore, we preliminarily analyzed the migration route of PGCs in embryos of L. crocea. In short, this study laid the foundation for studies on specification and development of germ cell from L. crocea during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhuang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde 352103, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shihai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde 352103, China; College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yilei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde 352103, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Lin Q, Mei J, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhou L, Gui JF. Distinct and Cooperative Roles of amh and dmrt1 in Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Male Germ Cells in Zebrafish. Genetics 2017; 207:1007-1022. [PMID: 28893856 PMCID: PMC5676237 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.300274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a fundamental process in male reproductive biology and depends on precise balance between self-renewal and differentiation of male germ cells. However, the regulative factors for controlling the balance are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the roles of amh and dmrt1 in male germ cell development by generating their mutants with Crispr/Cas9 technology in zebrafish. Amh mutant zebrafish displayed a female-biased sex ratio, and both male and female amh mutants developed hypertrophic gonads due to uncontrolled proliferation and impaired differentiation of germ cells. A large number of proliferating spermatogonium-like cells were observed within testicular lobules of the amh-mutated testes, and they were demonstrated to be both Vasa- and PH3-positive. Moreover, the average number of Sycp3- and Vasa-positive cells in the amh mutants was significantly lower than in wild-type testes, suggesting a severely impaired differentiation of male germ cells. Conversely, all the dmrt1-mutated testes displayed severe testicular developmental defects and gradual loss of all Vasa-positive germ cells by inhibiting their self-renewal and inducing apoptosis. In addition, several germ cell and Sertoli cell marker genes were significantly downregulated, whereas a prominent increase of Insl3-positive Leydig cells was revealed by immunohistochemical analysis in the disorganized dmrt1-mutated testes. Our data suggest that amh might act as a guardian to control the balance between proliferation and differentiation of male germ cells, whereas dmrt1 might be required for the maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation of male germ cells. Significantly, this study unravels novel functions of amh gene in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Lin
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Mei
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Zhang J, Liu W, Jin Y, Jia P, Jia K, Yi M. MiR-202-5p is a novel germ plasm-specific microRNA in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7055. [PMID: 28765643 PMCID: PMC5539161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gametogenesis is a complicated biological process by which sperm and egg are produced for genetic transmission between generations. In many animals, the germline is segregated from the somatic lineage in early embryonic development through the specification of primordial germ cells (PGCs), the precursors of gametes for reproduction and fertility. In some species, such as fruit fly and zebrafish, PGCs are determined by the maternally provided germ plasm which contains various RNAs and proteins. Here, we identified a germ plasm/PGC-specific microRNA miR-202-5p for the first time in zebrafish. MiR-202-5p was specifically expressed in gonad. In female, it was expressed and accumulated in oocytes during oogenesis. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization results indicated that miR-202-5p exhibited a typical germ plasm /PGC-specific expression pattern throughout embryogenesis, which was consistent with that of the PGC marker vasa, indicating that miR-202-5p was a component of germ plasm and a potential PGC marker in zebrafish. Our present study might be served as a foundation for further investigating the regulative roles of miRNAs in germ plasm formation and PGC development in zebrafish and other teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilin Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuntong Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Meisheng Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.
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Sun ZH, Zhou L, Li Z, Liu XC, Li SS, Wang Y, Gui JF. Sexual dimorphic expression of dnd in germ cells during sex reversal and its requirement for primordial germ cell survival in protogynous hermaphroditic grouper. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 208-209:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Black carp vasa identifies embryonic and gonadal germ cells. Dev Genes Evol 2017; 227:231-243. [DOI: 10.1007/s00427-017-0583-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Li XY, Liu XL, Ding M, Li Z, Zhou L, Zhang XJ, Gui JF. A novel male-specific SET domain-containing gene setdm identified from extra microchromosomes of gibel carp males. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:528-536. [PMID: 36659360 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Various genes have been screened on extra chromosomes, but their molecular characterization, expression pattern and biological function are still unclear. Here, we utilized a male-specific sequence of polyploid gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) to identify a novel male-specific SET (Su(var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax) domain-containing gene setdm on extra microchromosomes of gibel carp males. And setdm was characterized in molecule and expression aspects, in which its expression was specific to testis, and had relative high transcription during middle/late stages of testis development. Moreover, prominent expression of Setdm in spermatogenic cells was observed in testis through immunofluorescence co-localization analysis. These results suggest that biological function of setdm might be related to testis development and spermatogenesis of gibel carp. Additionally, the homeologous gene setdmf of setdm, was also characterized, and its expression was gonad-specific, in which its expressed product was detected to mainly distribute in gametogenic cells of testis and ovary, and to have dynamic expression pattern similar to that of setdm. Based on the current results, we propose that the novel male-specific setdm on extra microchromosomes might be functional divergence gene of the gonad-specific setdmf. Therefore, these findings will help us to further understand evolutionary fate and functional role of genes on extra microchromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Miao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Sun ZH, Wang Y, Lu WJ, Li Z, Liu XC, Li SS, Zhou L, Gui JF. Divergent Expression Patterns and Function Implications of Four nanos Genes in a Hermaphroditic Fish, Epinephelus coioides. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E685. [PMID: 28333083 PMCID: PMC5412271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple nanos genes have been characterized in several fishes, but the functional implications of their various expression patterns remain unclear. In this study, we identified and characterized four nanos genes from a hermaphroditic fish orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Ecnanos1a and Ecnanos1b show divergent expression patterns, and the dynamic expression change of Ecnanos1a in pituitaries during sex change is associated with testis differentiation and spermatogenesis. Ecnanos2 and Ecnanos3 might be germline stem cells (GSCs) and primordial germ cells (PGCs)-specific markers, respectively. Significantly, Ecnanos3 3'-untranslated region (UTR) is necessary for PGC specific expression, where a non-canonical "GCACGTTT" sequence is required for miR-430-mediated repression of Ecnanos3 RNA. Furthermore, grouper Dead end (Dnd) can relieve miR-430 repression in PGCs by associating with a 23 bp U-rich region (URR) in Ecnanos3 3'-UTR. The current study revealed the functional association of multiple nanos genes with PGC formation and germ cell development in orange-spotted grouper, and opened up new possibilities for developing biotechnologies through utilizing the associations between Ecnanos3 and PGCs or between Ecnanos2 and GSCs in the hermaphroditic fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Wei-Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xiao-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, The Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Shui-Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, The Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Li W, Zhang P, Wu X, Zhu X, Xu H. A Novel Dynamic Expression of vasa in Male Germ Cells during Spermatogenesis in the Chinese Soft-Shell Turtle (Pelidiscus sinensis
). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2017; 328:230-239. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academic of Fisheries Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Piaoyi Zhang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academic of Fisheries Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xuling Wu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academic of Fisheries Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Zhu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academic of Fisheries Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute; Chinese Academic of Fisheries Sciences; Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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41
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Golpour A, Siddique MAM, Siqueira-Silva DH, Pšenička M. Induced sterility in fish and its potential and challenges for aquaculture and germ cell transplantation technology: a review. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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42
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Li M, Hong N, Xu H, Song J, Hong Y. Germline replacement by blastula cell transplantation in the fish medaka. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29658. [PMID: 27406328 PMCID: PMC4942801 DOI: 10.1038/srep29658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cell (PGC) specification early in development establishes the germline for reproduction and reproductive technologies. Germline replacement (GR) is a powerful tool for conservation of valuable or endangered animals. GR is achievable by germ cell transplantation into the PGC migration pathway or gonads. Blastula cell transplantation (BCT) can also lead to the chimeric germline containing PGCs of both donor and host origins. It has remained largely unknown whether BCT is able to achieve GR at a high efficiency. Here we report efficient GR by BCT into blastula embryos in the fish medaka (Oryzias latipes). Specifically, dnd depletion completely ablated host PGCs and fertility, and dnd overexpression remarkably boosted PGCs in donor blastulae. BCT between normal donor and host produced a germline transmission rate of ~4%. This rate was enhanced up to ~30% upon PGC boosting in donors. Most importantly, BCT between PGC-boosted donors and PGC-ablated hosts led to more than 90% fertility restoration and 100% GR. Therefore, BCT features an extremely high efficiency of fertility recovery and GR in medaka. This finding makes medaka an ideal model to analyze genetic and physiological donor-host compatibilities for BCT-mediated surrogate production and propagation of endangered lower vertebrates and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyou Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Hucheng Huan Road, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ni Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jianxing Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yunhan Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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43
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Neurobehavioral impairments produced by developmental lead exposure persisted for generations in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicology 2016; 52:176-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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44
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Liu Z, Zhang XJ, Wang W, Zhang J, Li Z, Gui JF. Molecular characterization and expression of an oocyte-specific histone stem-loop binding protein in Carassius gibelio. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 190:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Liu W, Li SZ, Li Z, Wang Y, Li XY, Zhong JX, Zhang XJ, Zhang J, Zhou L, Gui JF. Complete depletion of primordial germ cells in an All-female fish leads to Sex-biased gene expression alteration and sterile All-male occurrence. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:971. [PMID: 26582363 PMCID: PMC4652418 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gynogenesis is one of unisexual reproduction modes in vertebrates, and produces all-female individuals with identical genetic background. In sexual reproduction vertebrates, the roles of primordial germ cells on sexual dimorphism and gonadal differentiation have been largely studied, and two distinct functional models have been proposed. However, the role of primordial germ cells remains unknown in unisexual animals, and it is also unclear whether the functional models in sexual reproduction animals are common in unisexual animals. Results To solve these puzzles, we attempt to utilize the gynogenetic superiority of polyploid Carassius gibelio to create a complete germ cell-depleted gonad model by a similar morpholino-mediated knockdown approach used in other examined sexual reproduction fishes. Through the germ cell-depleted gonad model, we have performed comprehensive and comparative transcriptome analysis, and revealed a complete alteration of sex-biased gene expression. Moreover, the expression alteration leads to up-regulation of testis-biased genes and down-regulation of ovary-biased genes, and results in the occurrence of sterile all-males with testis-like gonads and secondary sex characteristics in the germ cell-depleted gynogenetic Carassius gibelio. Conclusions Our current results have demonstrated that unisexual gynogenetic embryos remain keeping male sex determination information in the genome, and the complete depletion of primordial germ cells in the all-female fish leads to sex-biased gene expression alteration and sterile all-male occurrence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2130-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shi-Zhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xi-Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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46
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Yang X, Yue H, Ye H, Li C, Wei Q. Identification of a germ cell marker gene, the dead end homologue, in Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis. Gene 2014; 558:118-25. [PMID: 25550043 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dead end (dnd) encodes an RNA-binding protein that is essential for primordial germ cell (PGC) migration and gametogenesis in vertebrates. In this study, a Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis dead end homologue, designated Asdnd, was identified and characterized. The full-length cDNA of Asdnd was 1630base pairs (bp) and encoded a peptide of 396 amino acid residues. Multiple sequence alignment showed that AsDnd shared six conserved regions of Dnd orthologs, including the RNA recognition motif. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AsDnd was grouped with teleosts. By quantitative real-time PCR analysis, the Asdnd transcripts were found to originate from the maternal parent and be specifically expressed in gonads of immature Chinese sturgeons of both sexes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization indicated that Asdnd transcripts were restricted to germ cells. In the testis, Asdnd was abundant in spermatogonia and tended to gradually diminish in late spermatogenic stages, while strong signals were found in primary oocytes, as opposed to oogonia, in the ovary. Zebrafish PGCs were clearly visualized at 24h post-fertilization by co-injecting RFP-Asdnd 3' UTR and GFP-nos3 3' UTR mRNA, indicating that dnd 3' UTR has a conserved function among teleosts. Therefore, dnd could serve as a germ cell marker in Chinese sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Huamei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Chuangju Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Qiwei Wei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuxi 214081, China.
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47
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Makkapan W, Yoshizaki G, Tashiro M, Chotigeat W. Expression profile of ribosomal protein L10a throughout gonadal development in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1069-1081. [PMID: 24385218 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein L10a (RpL10A) has been previously established as a stimulator during the early stages of ovarian development in both the banana prawn and the fruit fly. In order to develop a greater understanding of the role of this protein in vertebrates, the present study aimed to characterize the expression profile of rpl10a during gonadal development in fish. It was determined that the expression of rpl10a within genital ridges increased during embryonic development. Although rpl10a expression was observed in both gonadal somatic cells and primordial germ cells, higher levels of both transcript and protein expression were detected in somatic cells. rpl10a transcripts were observed in all of the adult tissues examined. Cellular level expression of rpl10a was subsequently characterized across various maturational stages using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of both testes and ovaries. Analysis of tissue derived from the testis showed high levels of rpl10a expression within spermatogonia and the Sertoli cells attached to them. In ovarian tissue, rpl10a was strongly expressed in chromatin-nucleolus-stage and peri-nucleolus-stage oocytes. The relationship between rpl10a expression and regulation of gonadal development was confirmed using real-time PCR, which was performed in order to analyze rpl10a expression in testicular and ovarian tissues subsequent to incubation with salmon pituitary extract and various sex steroids for 24 h. Among them, 11-ketotestosterone at 100 ng/mL effectively up-regulated expression of rpl10a in testicular tissues, while 17β-estradiol down-regulated rpl10a expression in ovarian tissues. These results suggested that rpl10a played a role in the regulation of gonadal development in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaiporn Makkapan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
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48
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Yuan Y, Li M, Hong Y. Light and electron microscopic analyses of Vasa expression in adult germ cells of the fish medaka. Gene 2014; 545:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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49
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Li Z, Li M, Hong N, Yi M, Hong Y. Formation and cultivation of medaka primordial germ cells. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:71-81. [PMID: 24770933 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primordial germ cell (PGC) formation is pivotal for fertility. Mammalian PGCs are epigenetically induced without the need for maternal factors and can also be derived in culture from pluripotent stem cells. In egg-laying animals such as Drosophila and zebrafish, PGCs are specified by maternal germ plasm factors without the need for inducing factors. In these organisms, PGC formation and cultivation in vitro from indeterminate embryonic cells have not been possible. Here, we report PGC formation and cultivation in vitro from blastomeres dissociated from midblastula embryos (MBEs) of the fish medaka (Oryzias latipes). PGCs were identified by using germ-cell-specific green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression from a transgene under the control of the vasa promoter. Embryo perturbation was exploited to study PGC formation in vivo, and dissociated MBE cells were cultivated under various conditions to study PGC formation in vitro. Perturbation of somatic development did not prevent PGC formation in live embryos. Dissociated MBE blastomeres formed PGCs in the absence of normal somatic structures and of known inducing factors. Most importantly, under culture conditions conducive to stem cell derivation, some dissociated MBE blastomeres produced GFP-positive PGC-like cells. These GFP-positive cells contained genuine PGCs, as they expressed PGC markers and migrated into the embryonic gonad to generate germline chimeras. Our data thus provide evidence for PGC preformation in medaka and demonstrate, for the first time, that PGC formation and derivation can be obtained in culture from early embryos of medaka as a lower vertebrate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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50
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Molecular characterization, sexually dimorphic expression, and functional analysis of 3'-untranslated region of vasa gene in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Theriogenology 2014; 82:213-24. [PMID: 24768058 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vasa is a highly conserved ATP-dependent RNA helicase expressed mainly in germ cells. The vasa gene plays a crucial role in the development of germ cell lineage and has become an excellent molecular marker in identifying germ cells in teleosts. However, little is known about the structure and function of the vasa gene in flatfish. In this study, the vasa gene (Csvasa) was isolated and characterized in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis), an economically important flatfish in China. In the obtained 6425-bp genomic sequence, 23 exons and 22 introns were identified. The Csvasa gene encodes a 663-amino acid protein, including highly conserved domains of the DEAD-box protein family. The amino acid sequence also shared a high homology with other teleosts. Csvasa expression was mainly restricted to the gonads, with little or no expression in other tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that Csvasa expression levels decreased during embryonic and early developmental stages and increased with the primordial germ cell proliferation. A typical sexually dimorphic expression pattern of Csvasa was observed during early development and sex differentiation, suggesting that the Csvasa gene might play a differential role in the proliferation and differentiation of male and female primordial germ cells (PGCs). Csvasa mRNA expression levels in neomales were significantly lower than those in normal males and females, indicating that the Csvasa gene might be implicated in germ cell development after sex reversal by temperature treatment. In addition, medaka (Oryzias latipes) PGCs could be transiently labeled by microinjection of synthesized mRNA containing the green fluorescence protein gene and 3'-untranslated region of Csvasa, which confirmed that the Csvasa gene has the potential to be used as a visual molecular marker of germ cells and laid a foundation for manipulation of PGCs in tongue sole reproduction.
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