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Sekar S, Perumal M, Roy PD, Ganapathy M, Senapathi V, Yong Chung S, Elzain HE, Duraisamy M, Kamaraj J. A review on global status of fresh and saline groundwater discharge into the ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:915. [PMID: 36255565 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is the groundwater flow from land to the sea across the seabed, and it includes both terrane freshwater and recirculated seawater in the sub-surface. This review (i) systematically evaluates findings of various quantification methodologies, (ii) examines the estimated SGD in scientific publications between 2000 and 2020, and (iii) quantitatively evaluates current situation of coastal zone management through the bibliometric analysis of research papers. Apart from enhancing the shortage of groundwater resources in coastal area, the SGD brings nutrients (nitrate and phosphate), toxic heavy metals, and organic compounds, and thus contaminate the seawater. Therefore, the improved understanding about location and quantity of global SGD is essential to conserve the coastal and ocean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvam Sekar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Muthukumar Perumal
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
- Registration No: 19212232221045, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyadarsi Debajyoti Roy
- Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, CP, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Moorthy Ganapathy
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sang Yong Chung
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea
| | - Hussam Eldin Elzain
- Water Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manimaran Duraisamy
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesuraja Kamaraj
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
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Small Unmanned Aircraft (sUAS)-Deployed Thermal Infrared (TIR) Imaging for Environmental Surveys with Implications in Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD): Methods, Challenges, and Novel Opportunities. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13071331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) represents a significant mode of chemical transport to water bodies, making it an important flux to understand. Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems-deployed thermal infrared sensors (sUAS-TIR) provide a financially and logistically inexpensive means of identifying SGD source zones and quantifying SGD thermal infrared (TIR) plume areas over regional scales at high spatial resolutions. sUAS-TIR additionally offers the unique capability of high temporal resolution measurements of SGD. As a developing science application, the use of sUAS-TIR to image SGD requires substantial background knowledge. We present a proposed methodological construct for implementing a sUAS-TIR program for SGD-TIR data gathering, with applications extending to other research fields that can benefit from airborne TIR. Several studies have used airborne TIR in combination with empirical SGD flux measurements to quantify SGD, reporting a consistently strong regression between SGD flux and SGD TIR plume area. We additionally discuss novel research opportunities for sUAS-TIR technologies, as applied to SGD flux. The combination of high spatial and temporal resolution capabilities, at relatively low costs, make sUAS-TIR a promising new technology to overcome the scaling challenges presented by empirical studies and modeling of SGD fluxes, and advance our understanding of the controls on SGD fluxes.
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Wang X, Li H, Zhang Y, Zheng C, Gao M. Investigation of submarine groundwater discharge and associated nutrient inputs into Laizhou Bay (China) using radium quartet. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111359. [PMID: 32658708 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Radium is widely used to estimate flushing time, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), and submarine fresh groundwater discharge (SFGD), however there are important sources of uncertainty in current methods. Here an improved method is proposed, incorporating all radium quartet information to estimate flushing time, SFGD, SGD, and associated nutrient fluxes during wet and dry seasons in Laizhou Bay, China. Both SGD and SFGD in dry season are comparable to that in wet season, likely due to higher groundwater hydraulic gradients resulting from higher groundwater table and lower mean sea level in dry season. Estimated dry and wet season SFGD are of the same order of magnitude as the annually-averaged Yellow River discharge, highlighting SFGD's importance to the bay environment. Nutrient inputs into Laizhou Bay were estimated for the wet season, suggesting that SGD-derived nutrients are indeed important and significant for coastal environments compared to local river discharge estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hailong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Maosheng Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
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Global Research Trends and Hotspots on Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD): A Bibliometric Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17030830. [PMID: 32013083 PMCID: PMC7036937 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), a major component of the hydrological cycle, has significant impacts on the sustainable development of the marine environment. This study aimed to examine the literature characteristics and research hotspots of SGD based on Web of Science’s citation database from 1998–2019. With systematic bibliometric analysis, insights were made into multiple aspects including research output, subject categories, journals, countries/territories, institutions, authors, and hotspots and research trends. Results showed that the current amount of publications on SGD has increased exponentially. The characteristics of multi-subject, active international and inter-institutional collaborations were identified. There were 11 core journals publishing the research on SGD, and the number of covered journals increased linearly from 1998. USA had distinct advantages in publication outputs and took the core position in international collaborations. At present, the research hotspots of SGD mainly include the following: dynamics process and estimation of SGD with hydrogeological methods, tracer techniques, geochemical process in subterranean estuary, and dissolved material inputs to coastal waters via SGD. Citation analysis implied much development space in carbon flux transported by SGD and the implement of head as groundwater tracer. These results provided an instructive perspective of the present situation and future research direction on SGD.
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Li WC, Ni CF, Tsai CH, Wei YM. Effects of hydrogeological properties on sea-derived benzene transport in unconfined coastal aquifers. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:307. [PMID: 27106208 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents numerical investigations on quantifying the hydrodynamic effects of coastal environment factors, including tidal fluctuations, beach slopes, hydraulic conductivity, and hydraulic gradients on sea-derived benzene transport in unconfined coastal aquifers. A hydrologic transport and mixed geochemical kinetic/equilibrium reactions in saturated-unsaturated media model was used to simulate the spatial and temporal behaviors of the density flow and benzene transport for various hydrogeological conditions. Simulation results indicated that the tidal fluctuations lead to upper saline plumes (USPs) near the groundwater and seawater interfaces. Such local circulation zones trapped the seaward benzene plumes and carried them down in aquifers to the depth depending on the tide amplitudes and beach slopes across the coastal lines. Comparisons based on different tidal fluctuations, beach slopes, hydraulic conductivity, and hydraulic gradient were systematically conducted and quantified. The results indicated that areas with USPs increased with the tidal amplitude and decreased with the increasing beach slope. However, the variation of hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic gradient has relatively small influence on the patterns of flow fields in the study. The increase of the USP depths was linearly correlated with the increase of the tidal amplitudes. The benzene reactive transport simulations revealed that the plume migrations are mainly controlled by the local flow dynamics and constrained in the USP circulation zones. The self-cleaning process of a coastal aquifer is time-consuming, typically requiring double the time of the contamination process that the benzene plume reach the bottom of a USP circulation zone. The presented systematic analysis can provide useful information for rapidly evaluating seaward contaminants along a coastal line with available hydrogeological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ci Li
- Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fa Ni
- Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hsing Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Wei
- Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
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Wang X, Li H, Jiao JJ, Barry DA, Li L, Luo X, Wang C, Wan L, Wang X, Jiang X, Ma Q, Qu W. Submarine fresh groundwater discharge into Laizhou Bay comparable to the Yellow River flux. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8814. [PMID: 25742712 PMCID: PMC4649716 DOI: 10.1038/srep08814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Near- and off-shore fresh groundwater resources become increasingly important with the social and economic development in coastal areas. Although large scale (hundreds of km) submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to the ocean has been shown to be of the same magnitude order as river discharge, submarine fresh groundwater discharge (SFGD) with magnitude comparable to large river discharge is never reported. Here, we proposed a method coupling mass-balance models of water, salt and radium isotopes based on field data of (223)Ra, (226)Ra and salinity to estimate the SFGD, SGD. By applying the method in Laizhou Bay (a water area of ~6000 km(2)), we showed that the SFGD and SGD are 0.57 ~ 0.88 times and 7.35 ~ 8.57 times the annual Yellow River flux in August 2012, respectively. The estimate of SFGD ranges from 4.12 × 10(7) m(3)/d to 6.36 × 10(7) m(3)/d, while SGD ranges from 5.32 × 10(8) m(3)/d to 6.20 × 10(8) m(3)/d. The proportion of the Yellow River input into Laizhou Bay was less than 14% of the total in August 2012. Our method can be used to estimate SFGD in various coastal waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China [2] MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation &Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailong Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China [2] MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation &Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiu Jimmy Jiao
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - D A Barry
- Laboratoire de technologie écologique, Institut d'ingénierie de l'environnement, Faculté de l'environnement naturel, architectural et construit, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ling Li
- 1] School of Civil Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland [2] State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaoyue Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation &Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation &Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation &Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation &Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qian Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation &Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjing Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation &Environment Evolution and School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Xueyu L. A small but important step to enhance groundwater research in China. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-9899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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