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Brouwer A, Carhart‐Harris RL, Raison CL. Psychotomimetic compensation versus sensitization. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1217. [PMID: 38923845 PMCID: PMC11194300 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is a paradox that psychotomimetic drugs can relieve symptoms that increase risk of and cooccur with psychosis, such as attention and motivational deficits (e.g., amphetamines), pain (e.g., cannabis) and symptoms of depression (e.g., psychedelics, dissociatives). We introduce the ideas of psychotomimetic compensation and psychotomimetic sensitization to explain this paradox. Psychotomimetic compensation refers to a short-term stressor or drug-induced compensation against stress that is facilitated by engagement of neurotransmitter/modulator systems (endocannabinoid, serotonergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic) that mediate the effects of common psychotomimetic drugs. Psychotomimetic sensitization occurs after repeated exposure to stress and/or drugs and is evidenced by the gradual intensification and increase of psychotic-like experiences over time. Theoretical and practical implications of this model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Brouwer
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, School of Human EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Robin L. Carhart‐Harris
- Department of Neurology and PsychiatryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Charles L. Raison
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Vail Health Behavioral Health Innovation CenterVailColoradoUSA
- Center for the Study of Human HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Spiritual HealthEmory University Woodruff Health Sciences CenterAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Raihani NJ, Kamboj SK, Peniket MJ, Norman J, Ozturk OC, Iskandar G, Bell V. The effects of paranoia and dopamine on perception of cohesion and conspiracy: a pre-registered, double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:195-205. [PMID: 37848635 PMCID: PMC10774203 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Paranoia is a common symptom of psychotic disorders but is also present on a spectrum of severity in the general population. Although paranoia is associated with an increased tendency to perceive cohesion and conspiracy within groups, the mechanistic basis of this variation remains unclear. One potential avenue involves the brain's dopaminergic system, which is known to be altered in psychosis. In this study, we used large-N online samples to establish the association between trait paranoia and perceptions of cohesion and conspiracy. We further evaluated the role of dopamine on perceptions of cohesion and conspiracy using a double-blind, placebo-controlled laboratory experiment where participants received levodopa or a placebo control. Our results were mixed: group perceptions and perceptions of cohesion were higher among more paranoid individuals but were not altered under dopamine administration. We outline the potential reasons for these discrepancies and the broader implications for understanding paranoia in terms of dopamine dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Raihani
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK.
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - S K Kamboj
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
| | - M J Peniket
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
| | - J Norman
- Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
| | - O C Ozturk
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - G Iskandar
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, UCLH, London, UK
| | - V Bell
- Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
- South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Li D, Wang D, Ren H, Tian Y, Chen J, Zhu R, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang XY. Association between rumination and drug craving in Chinese male methamphetamine use disorder patients with childhood trauma. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106357. [PMID: 37459735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, males make up the majority of methamphetamine (MA) dependent individuals and the majority of treatment seekers. Childhood trauma (CT) and rumination are associated with an increased risk of MA use. However, the association between CT, rumination, and drug craving remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to explore the association between rumination and drug craving in methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) patients with CT. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study recruited 404 male participants with MAUD from a male drug rehabilitation center in Southwest China. METHODS Patients with CT were identified by the short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF). Rumination and drug craving were assessed by the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) and the Obsessive Compulsive Drug Use Scale (OCDUS), respectively. RESULTS 188 patients (46.5 %) experienced CT. Patients who had experienced CT showed significantly higher RRS symptom rumination score and OCDUS total score than those who had not. In patients with CT, RRS total and all subscale scores were positively associated with OCDUS interference of drug. Furthermore, the RRS brooding (β = 0.34, p < 0.001) and total scores (β = 0.38, p < 0.001) were determined to be separate contributors to the OCDUS total score in patients with CT. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that CT is common in male MAUD patients, and those who have suffered CT may exhibit higher levels of rumination and drug craving. Moreover, CT may play an influential role in the association between rumination and drug craving in patients with MAUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hengqin Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Scott R. Methamphetamine dependence in Australia-why is 'ice' (crystal meth) so addictive? PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND LAW : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW 2023; 31:671-704. [PMID: 39118784 PMCID: PMC11305059 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2023.2206870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Australia has one of the highest rates in the world of the use of the crystalline form of methamphetamine, a highly addictive stimulant that is often associated with a chronic, relapsing dependency. Methamphetamine use is associated with both acquisitive and violent offending, which cause substantial personal and societal costs. Whilst the short-term euphoria and stimulation provide a positive reinforcement to methamphetamine use, the aversive states of withdrawing from methamphetamine and the associated craving, which may last up to five weeks into abstinence, underlie the negative reinforcement to continued methamphetamine use. Although many methamphetamine-dependent users experience high levels of psychological distress, it is likely that less than half engage with treatment or support services, and current intervention and treatment programmes have high discontinuation rates. Stigma and discrimination, even from paramedics and health clinicians, are prominent barriers to methamphetamine-dependent users accessing treatment in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russ Scott
- West Moreton Prison Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Verdejo-Garcia A, Hanegraaf L, Blanco-Gandía MC, López-Arnau R, Grau M, Miñarro J, Escubedo E, Pubill D, Rodríguez-Arias M. Impact of adolescent methamphetamine use on social cognition: A human-mice reverse translation study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 230:109183. [PMID: 34847504 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine dependence is associated with social cognition deficits that may underpin negative social outcomes. However, there are considerable inter-individual differences in social cognition within people with methamphetamine dependence, with age of onset of methamphetamine use being a potential contributing factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted two sequential studies examining the link between age of onset of methamphetamine use (adolescence versus young adulthood) and performance in social cognition tests: (1) a human cross-sectional study in 95 participants with methamphetamine dependence varying in age of onset (38 with adolescent onset and 57 with adult onset) and 49 drug-naïve controls; (2) a mice study in which we tested the effects of methamphetamine exposure during adolescence versus young adulthood on social interaction and aggression, and their potential neurochemical substrates in the striatal dopaminergic system. RESULTS We initially showed that people with methamphetamine dependence who started use in adolescence had higher antisocial beliefs (p = 0.046, Cohen's d=0.42) and worse emotion recognition (p = 0.031, Cohen's d=0.44) than those who started use during adulthood. We reasoned that this could be due to either social cognition deficits leading to earlier onset of methamphetamine use, or methamphetamine-induced neuroadaptive effects specific to adolescence. Mice experiments showed that methamphetamine exposure during adolescence specifically decreased social investigation during social interaction and upregulated striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected). There was no evidence of adolescent-specific methamphetamine effects on aggression or other measures of dopaminergic function. CONCLUSION Together, translational findings demonstrate heightened sensitivity to methamphetamine effects on social cognition during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Lauren Hanegraaf
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - María Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Raúl López-Arnau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Grau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pubill
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Le SM, Trouiller P, Duong Thi H, Khuat Thi Hai O, Pham Minh K, Vallo R, Rapoud D, Quillet C, Nguyen TL, Nguyen QD, NhamThi TT, Hoang Thi G, Feelemyer J, Hai VV, Moles JP, Doan HQ, Laureillard D, Des Jarlais DC, Nagot N, Michel L. Daily heroin injection and psychiatric disorders: A cross-sectional survey among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) in Haiphong, Vietnam. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 216:108334. [PMID: 33038638 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric comorbidities are frequent among people who inject drugs, they are associated with a poorer prognosis and need to be addressed. Their interaction with daily heroin injection requires clarification. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PWID recruited in the city of Haiphong, Vietnam, by respondent-driven sampling. The inclusion criteria were age 18 or older and current injection drug use, verified by skin marks and positive urine tests for heroin or methamphetamine. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, drug use, sexual behaviour and access to treatment were collected using face-to-face questionnaires by trained interviewers. PWID were screened by trained psychiatrists for depression, psychotic disorder and suicidality, using the MINI questionnaire. RESULTS 418 participants were included in the analyses. All were injected heroin users, 21 % were diagnosed with a current major depressive disorder, 15 % with a current psychotic disorder and 12 % presented a suicide risk. In the bivariate analyses, regular meth use, cannabis use and ketamine use were positively associated with presenting at least one psychiatric condition while daily heroin injection and being currently treated with methadone were negatively associated. In the multivariate model, poly-substance use was positively associated with depression (methamphetamine and drinking in addition to heroin) and psychotic disorder (methamphetamine and/or hazardous drinking in addition to heroin) while daily heroin injection and current methadone treatment were negatively and independently associated with depression and psychotic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our survey confirms the burden of methamphetamine use and the protective effect of methadone but also a possible protective effect of daily heroin injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sao Mai Le
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 72A Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm, Đằng Giang, Ngô Quyền, Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
| | - Philippe Trouiller
- CESP Inserm UMRS 1018, Paris Saclay University, Pierre Nicole Center, Fench Red Cross, 27 rue Pierre Nicole, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Huong Duong Thi
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 72A Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm, Đằng Giang, Ngô Quyền, Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
| | - Oanh Khuat Thi Hai
- Supporting Community Development Initiatives, 240 Mai Anh Tuan, Thanh Cong Ward, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Khue Pham Minh
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 72A Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm, Đằng Giang, Ngô Quyền, Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
| | - Roselyne Vallo
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Inserm, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, 60 Rue de Navacelles, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Delphine Rapoud
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Inserm, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, 60 Rue de Navacelles, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Catherine Quillet
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Inserm, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, 60 Rue de Navacelles, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Thuy Linh Nguyen
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 72A Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm, Đằng Giang, Ngô Quyền, Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
| | - Quang Duc Nguyen
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 72A Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm, Đằng Giang, Ngô Quyền, Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
| | - Tuyet Thanh NhamThi
- Supporting Community Development Initiatives, 240 Mai Anh Tuan, Thanh Cong Ward, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Giang Hoang Thi
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 72A Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm, Đằng Giang, Ngô Quyền, Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
| | - Jonathan Feelemyer
- New York University College of Global Public Health, 665 Broadway Suite 800, NY 10013 New York, USA.
| | - Vinh Vu Hai
- Dept of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Viet Tiep Hospital, Số 1 Đường nhà thương - Quận Lê Chân, Haiphong, Viet Nam.
| | - Jean-Pierre Moles
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Inserm, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, 60 Rue de Navacelles, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Hong Quang Doan
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 72A Nguyễn Bỉnh Khiêm, Đằng Giang, Ngô Quyền, Hai Phong, Viet Nam.
| | - Didier Laureillard
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Inserm, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, 60 Rue de Navacelles, 34394 Montpellier, France; Infectious Diseases Department, Caremeau University Hospital, Place du Professeur Robert Debré, 30029 Nîmes, France.
| | - Don C Des Jarlais
- New York University College of Global Public Health, 665 Broadway Suite 800, NY 10013 New York, USA.
| | - Nicolas Nagot
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Inserm, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Montpellier, 60 Rue de Navacelles, 34394 Montpellier, France.
| | - Laurent Michel
- CESP Inserm UMRS 1018, Paris Saclay University, Pierre Nicole Center, Fench Red Cross, 27 rue Pierre Nicole, 75005 Paris, France.
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McInnis P, Lee A. Methamphetamine use in an early psychosis service: a cross-sectional retrospective cohort study. Australas Psychiatry 2019; 27:383-387. [PMID: 31264898 DOI: 10.1177/1039856219859811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Methamphetamine-associated psychotic symptoms are common among regular users, and can overlap with the emergence of a primary psychotic disorder. In contrast to previous research, this retrospective observational study aims to describe the characteristics of young people experiencing early psychosis who use methamphetamine regularly. We also aimed to investigate associations between regular methamphetamine use and markers of psychosocial functioning, psychosis outcomes and substance use. METHOD This study involved 116 young people (19 using methamphetamine regularly) referred to the Camperdown Early Intervention in Psychosis Service from January 2015 to January 2016. Variables including demographic information, psychosocial functioning and psychosis outcomes were collected on referral to the service, updated throughout treatment and at discharge. RESULTS There were significant associations found between regular methamphetamine use and a criminal history (p<0.001), regular cannabis use (p=0.002) and regular nicotine use (p<0.001). CONCLUSION This study suggests that in early psychosis, regular methamphetamine use could signify a subgroup of young people who use multiple substances and may engage in criminal activity. Addressing substance use in early psychosis may be an important treatment target for this vulnerable group of young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter McInnis
- Rivendell Child Adolescent and Family Mental Health Service, Sydney Local Health District, Concord West, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Lee
- Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Arunogiri S, Verdejo-Garcia A, McKetin R, Rubenis AJ, Fitzpatrick RE, Lubman DI. Emotion Recognition and Impulsive Choice in Relation to Methamphetamine Use and Psychosis Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:889. [PMID: 31920746 PMCID: PMC6923220 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The cognitive profiles of people with methamphetamine use disorder are characterized by impulsivity and impairment in social cognition. However, previous studies have not fully accounted for the presence and impact of co-occurring mental health problems on these domains. For instance, psychotic symptoms are commonly experienced by people who use methamphetamine and may influence cognitive performance. We aimed to examine decision making and emotion recognition in individuals with methamphetamine use, compared to healthy controls, to map the nature and degree of impairments in relation to the presence of psychotic symptoms. Method: In this naturalistic study, we assessed reward-based decision-making and facial emotion recognition across three groups, methamphetamine-using individuals with (MAP, n = 29) and without psychotic symptoms (MNP, n = 70), and healthy controls (HC, n = 32). Results: In comparison to healthy controls, methamphetamine-using individuals presented with poorer performance on tasks of decision-making and emotion recognition. Emotion recognition was impaired across all methamphetamine-using individuals, with significantly poorer recognition of anger and sadness in those with psychotic symptoms. Conclusion: We found specific impairments in emotion recognition in relation to psychotic symptoms in people who use methamphetamine regularly. This builds on previous evidence on cognitive profiles in methamphetamine use disorder, highlighting the need to assess co-morbid mental health and psychotic symptoms. Our finding that methamphetamine-using individuals with psychotic symptoms present with particular difficulties recognizing anger has implications for frontline clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Arunogiri
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-Garcia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca McKetin
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam J Rubenis
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Fitzpatrick
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, Richmond, VIC, Australia.,Monash Addiction Research Centre and Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
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